CN111796302A - Trapezoidal lens-based multi-designated-height CCD imaging system and method - Google Patents

Trapezoidal lens-based multi-designated-height CCD imaging system and method Download PDF

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CN111796302A
CN111796302A CN202010635133.1A CN202010635133A CN111796302A CN 111796302 A CN111796302 A CN 111796302A CN 202010635133 A CN202010635133 A CN 202010635133A CN 111796302 A CN111796302 A CN 111796302A
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lens
height
light
trapezoidal
imaging system
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CN111796302B (en
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靖旭
谭逢富
侯再红
何枫
张巳龙
秦来安
王浩
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Hefei Institutes of Physical Science of CAS
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S17/00Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
    • G01S17/88Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S17/95Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for meteorological use
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/48Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
    • G01S7/4802Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00 using analysis of echo signal for target characterisation; Target signature; Target cross-section
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/48Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
    • G01S7/481Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/48Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
    • G01S7/497Means for monitoring or calibrating
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A90/00Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
    • Y02A90/10Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of atmospheric optical detection and optical imaging, in particular to a multi-designated-height CCD imaging system and a method based on a trapezoidal lens, wherein the system comprises a laser transmitter and a receiving device, the receiving device comprises a receiving telescope and a CCD camera, and the receiving telescope comprises a trapezoidal lens; laser emitted by the laser emitter is reflected by the trapezoidal lens, and reflected light is captured by a detection end of the CCD camera; the trapezoidal lens is composed of n rectangular lenses with reflection surfaces plated with high-reflection films, the rectangular lenses are arranged in a step shape, and n is greater than or equal to 2. The invention solves the problem that the angle precision is difficult to accurately ensure when the detection surface of the CCD needs to be obliquely arranged at a specific angle in order to ensure that the detection surface of the CCD is coincident with a focal plane formed by the height in the original DCIM detection scheme.

Description

Trapezoidal lens-based multi-designated-height CCD imaging system and method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of atmospheric optical detection and optical imaging, and particularly relates to a trapezoidal lens-based multi-designated-height CCD imaging system and method.
Background
During the transmission of laser in the atmosphere, random fluctuation can occur on the transmission path under the influence of atmospheric turbulence, and phenomena such as flicker, energy redistribution, random drift and the like can be generated on the light beam. The size of the atmospheric coherence length can reflect the strength of the laser influenced by atmospheric turbulence in the transmission process on the transmission path, and has great significance for the research of laser atmospheric transmission.
The equipment such as laser radar is comparatively direct and convenient equipment to the real-time measurement of atmosphere coherence length, and laser radar measures and can measure different routes to it is less influenced by weather conditions, and what represented has equipment such as difference image moving laser radar (DIM), difference light column image motion laser radar method (DCIM). The DIM method overcomes the interference of instrument jitter on the measurement of the atmospheric coherence length, but the DIM radar is easily disturbed by ground turbulence when the atmospheric coherence length is measured in a time-sharing manner. The DCIM radar is improved on the basis of the DIM radar, the defects of the DIM radar are overcome, the atmosphere coherence length information in a certain height range can be obtained simultaneously, the working mode of the DCIM radar transmits pulsed light, the initial detection height of the DCIM radar is determined through the gating function of the detector, the initial detection height has a sharp edge when the focal plane is imaged, the position relation between the beacon height and the beacon imaging is calibrated according to the sharp edge, the detection heights corresponding to other imaging points are determined, and the atmosphere coherence length data are obtained. The detection method is only suitable for pulsed light, and the possibility of error exists in the gating of the detector, so that the problem of determining the measurement height of the continuous laser is still a difficult problem.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems that the angular precision of a CCD when a detection surface is obliquely arranged is difficult to accurately ensure and the detection height is determined when continuous light is used in the original DCIM detection scheme, the invention provides a trapezoidal lens-based multi-specified-height CCD imaging system and method. The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a multi-designated-height CCD imaging system based on a trapezoidal lens comprises a laser transmitter and a receiving device, wherein the receiving device comprises a receiving telescope and a CCD camera, and the receiving telescope comprises the trapezoidal lens;
after receiving scattered light generated by transmission in the atmosphere, the laser emitted by the laser emitter is reflected by the trapezoidal lens, and the reflected light is captured by a detection end of the CCD camera;
the trapezoidal lens is composed of n rectangular lenses with reflection surfaces plated with high-reflection films, the rectangular lenses are arranged in a step shape, and n is greater than or equal to 2.
The method for using the trapezoidal lens-based multi-designated-height CCD imaging system is characterized in that the rectangular lenses are arranged in a step shape, the relative placement heights and angles of the lenses are calculated in advance, and the steps of the calculation in advance are as follows:
s1: predetermining the number of imaging points and the relative height of each imaging point relative to the emission position;
s2: determining the actual image distance imaged by each imaging point according to the object image relation of each height point;
s3: and calculating and determining the relative height and angle of the trapezoidal lens according to the actual image distance of each imaging point, thereby compensating the imaging distance difference of the imaging points with different heights.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) the problem of in the original DCIM detection scheme, in order to make CCD detect the face and to highly forming focal plane coincide, when needing to carry out the slope of specific angle to the detection face of CCD and placing, the angle precision is difficult to guarantee accurately is solved.
(2) The invention solves the problem that in the original DCIM detection scheme, only pulse light can be used for detection by combining the gate control function of a detector due to the lack of the resolution capability of the imaging height of continuous light, and realizes the determination of the detection height of the continuous light.
(3) The invention can realize the simultaneous detection of a plurality of specified heights and has important significance for analyzing the effect of atmospheric turbulence in real time.
(4) The detection surface of the CCD camera can be vertically arranged, and the problems that the arrangement position of the CCD camera needs to form a certain angle in the prior art and the accuracy of the angle is difficult to guarantee are solved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an atmospheric coherence length detection system suitable for use in the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a receiving device in an atmospheric coherence length detection system to which the present invention is applied;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the optical path of a single sub-aperture in an atmospheric coherence length detection system suitable for use in the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a CCD detector target surface in an atmospheric coherence length detection system to which the present invention is applied.
The notations in the figures have the following meanings:
1-laser emitter 2-emitting beam expanding collimation device
3-receiving device 31-wedge lens 32-shielding cover plate 33-receiving telescope
34-subaperture 35-supporting plate 36-arc lens 37-reflector 38-CCD camera
39-trapezoidal lens 4-processing computer.
Detailed Description
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1-2, a multi-designated height CCD imaging system based on a trapezoidal lens includes a laser transmitter 1, a transmitting beam expanding collimator 2, a receiving device 3 and a computer 4. The laser emitter 1 is a continuous light laser emitter.
As shown in fig. 1, the laser transmitter 1 and the receiving device 3 are spaced at a certain distance, laser generated by the laser transmitter 1 forms a collimated light beam through the transmitting and beam expanding device 2 and transmits the collimated light beam to the atmosphere, the receiving device 3 receives echo photons generated by the collimated light beam through two sub-apertures and images the echo photons, the receiving device 3 is connected with the processing computer 4 and outputs imaging data to the processing computer 4, and the processing computer 4 processes the imaging data and finally outputs the imaging data through a screen.
As shown in fig. 2, the receiving device 3 includes a wedge lens 31, a shielding cover plate 32, and a receiving telescope 33. The receiving telescope 33 is a Cassegrain telescope, the shielding cover plate 32 is installed on the front side of the primary mirror of the receiving telescope 33, and two sub-apertures 34 are arranged on the shielding cover plate 32. Preferably, a line connecting the central points of the two sub-apertures 34 passes through the center of the primary mirror of the receiving telescope 33, and the distance between the central points of the two sub-apertures 34 is larger than a typical turbulence coherence length range (4cm to 10cm), so that the two sub-apertures are not easily affected by the disturbance of ground turbulence. The front ends of the two sub-apertures 34 are respectively and fixedly provided with one wedge-shaped lens 31, further, the distance between the central point of the two wedge-shaped lenses 31 and the central line of the receiving telescope 33 corresponding to the central point of the two sub-apertures 34 is equal to and parallel to the central line of the receiving telescope 33, and the wedge angles of the two wedge-shaped lenses 31 are consistent.
The receiving device 3 further comprises a light-focusing assembly disposed inside the receiving telescope 33, the light-focusing assembly comprising a support plate 35, an arc-shaped lens 36 and a reflector 37. The supporting plate 35 is arranged in parallel with the primary mirror of the receiving telescope 33, a light through hole is formed in the middle of the supporting plate 35, the reflective mirror 37 is fixed between the primary mirror of the receiving telescope 33 and the supporting plate 35 through a light-transmitting lens, the reflective mirror 37 is parallel to the supporting plate 35, the reflective mirror 37 is located right above the light through hole, the arc-shaped lenses 36 are arranged on two sides of the supporting plate 35, the lower bottom surfaces of the arc-shaped lenses 36 are fixedly connected with the supporting plate 35, and the upper plane is arc-shaped.
The echo photons are transmitted through the wedge-shaped lens 31, pass through the sub-aperture 34, pass through the arc-shaped lens 36 and the reflector 37, and are reflected to the light-passing hole.
The receiving device 3 further comprises a CCD camera 38 and a trapezoidal lens 39, the CCD camera 38 and the trapezoidal lens 39 are disposed inside the receiving telescope 33, and the trapezoidal lens 39 is located right below the light passing hole, the angle of the trapezoidal lens 39 is adjusted, so that the echo photon beam passing through the light passing hole is reflected to the detection surface of the CCD camera 38, and the CCD camera 38 is connected to the computer 4. Specifically, the trapezoidal lens is composed of n rectangular lenses with reflection surfaces plated with high-reflection films, wherein n is greater than or equal to 2.
Example 2
The method of using the trapezoidal lens based multi-designated height CCD imaging system of embodiment 1, wherein the rectangular lenses are arranged in a step shape, the relative height and angle of the lenses are pre-calculated, and the pre-calculation steps are as follows:
1) the number of imaging points and the relative height of each imaging point with respect to the firing position are predetermined.
2) And determining the actual image distance imaged by each imaging point according to the object image relation of each height point.
3) And calculating and determining the relative height and angle of the trapezoidal lens according to the actual image distance of each imaging point, thereby compensating the imaging distance difference of the imaging points with different heights.
Specifically, the rectangular lens plated with the high reflection film has a high reflection band range of the high reflection film covering the laser band of the laser emitter 1.
As shown in fig. 3, n designated heights (n is greater than or equal to 2) are taken from the emitted light, where n is 3 in this embodiment, i.e., three points ABC on the emitted light in fig. 3, the received echo photons are transmitted through the wedge-shaped mirror 31, enter the receiving telescope 33 through the sub-aperture, are reflected by the trapezoid-shaped mirror 39, and generate a signal a on the detection surface of the CCD camera 381、B1、C1. In particular, point a forms a signal a on the detection surface of the CCD camera 381Not only the information of point a but also the information of the whole emitted light, only on the detection surface of the CCD camera 38, only the finger for which the system is designedThe fixed point A forms a real image A1The images generated by the scattered light at other positions are out of focus because the focal point is not on the detection plane of the CCD camera 38, and the imaging excitation pair B-B1And C-C1The same is true.
Specifically, according to the object-image relationship, there are
Figure BDA0002569278000000051
Where Δ is the horizontal distance of the transmitting laser 1 from the receiving device 3, typically not exceeding 3m, h is the height value of the selected specified height, f is the focal length, and v is the image distance. It can be known that the image distances of the designated points at different heights are different, and the trapezoidal lens 39 is used to focus real images formed by multiple designated height points which are different originally on the detection surface of the CCD camera 38 at the same time. In order to make the CCD camera detection plane coincide with the focal plane formed by the height, the CCD camera must be arranged at a certain angle, and the accuracy of the angle is difficult to guarantee. The detection surface of the CCD camera 38 can be vertically arranged by adjusting the angle of the trapezoidal lens 39.
As shown in fig. 4, by the deflection effect of the double wedge-shaped lens 31, for a single specific height, the echo information forms a pair of spaced double images on the detection target surface of the CCD camera 35, and the difference operation inversion is performed on the centroid of the double images, so that turbulence data of the specific height can be obtained.
The invention is not to be considered as limited to the specific embodiments shown and described, but is to be understood to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (8)

1. A multi-designated height CCD imaging system based on a trapezoidal lens is characterized by comprising a laser transmitter (1) and a receiving device (3), wherein the receiving device (3) comprises a receiving telescope (33) and a CCD camera (38), and the receiving telescope (33) comprises a trapezoidal lens (39);
after receiving scattered light generated by transmission in the atmosphere, the laser emitted by the laser emitter (1) is reflected by the trapezoidal lens (39), and the reflected light is captured by the detection end of the CCD camera (38);
the trapezoidal lens (39) is composed of n rectangular lenses with reflection surfaces plated with high-reflection films, the rectangular lenses are arranged in a step shape, and n is greater than or equal to 2.
2. The multi-designated height CCD imaging system based on trapezoidal lens of claim 1,
the laser transmitter (1) is spaced from the receiving device (3) by a certain distance;
laser generated by the laser transmitter (1) forms a collimated light beam through the transmitting beam expanding device (2) to be transmitted, and the receiving device (3) receives echo photons generated by the collimated light beam and images.
3. The multi-designated-height CCD imaging system based on the trapezoid lens as claimed in claim 1, wherein the laser emitter (1) is a continuous light laser emitter.
4. The CCD imaging system with multiple designated heights based on the trapezoid lens as claimed in claim 1, wherein the receiving device (3) for receiving the echo photons further comprises a light-gathering component arranged inside the receiving telescope (33), the light-gathering component comprises a support plate (35), an arc lens (36) and a reflective mirror (37), the support plate (35) is arranged in parallel with the primary mirror of the receiving telescope (33), a light-passing hole is formed in the middle of the support plate (35), the reflective mirror (37) is fixed between the primary mirror of the receiving telescope (33) and the support plate (35) through the light-passing lens, the reflective mirror (37) is parallel with the support plate (35), the reflective mirror (37) is positioned right above the light-passing hole, the arc lens (36) is arranged on both sides of the support plate (35), the lower bottom surface of the arc-shaped lens (36) is fixedly connected with the supporting plate (35), and the upper plane is arc-shaped.
5. The multi-designated-height CCD imaging system based on the trapezoid lens as claimed in claim 4, wherein the receiving device (3) further comprises a wedge lens (31) and a shielding cover plate (32), and the echo photons are transmitted through the wedge lens (31), pass through a sub-aperture (34) of a receiving telescope (33), pass through the arc lens (36) and the reflector (37), and are reflected to the clear aperture.
6. The multi-assigned height CCD imaging system based on a trapezoidal lens according to claim 5, characterized in that the spacing of the center points of the sub-apertures (34) is larger than a typical turbulent coherence length range, which is 4cm to 10 cm.
7. The multi-designated-height CCD imaging system based on the trapezoid lens as claimed in claim 4, wherein the trapezoid lens (39) is disposed inside the receiving telescope (33) and the angle of the trapezoid lens (39) is adjusted right below the light-passing hole, so that the echo photon beam passing through the light-passing hole is reflected to the detection surface of the CCD camera (38).
8. The method for using the trapezoidal lens based multi-designated height CCD imaging system of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the relative height and the angle of the trapezoidal lens is pre-calculated, and the pre-calculation steps are as follows:
s1: predetermining the number of imaging points and the relative height of each imaging point relative to the emission position;
s2: determining the actual image distance imaged by each imaging point according to the object image relation of each height point;
s3: and calculating and determining the relative height and angle of the trapezoidal lens according to the actual image distance of each imaging point, thereby compensating the imaging distance difference of the imaging points with different heights.
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