CN111795106B - 一种用于移栽机的减振装置及其减振方法 - Google Patents

一种用于移栽机的减振装置及其减振方法 Download PDF

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CN111795106B
CN111795106B CN202010709422.1A CN202010709422A CN111795106B CN 111795106 B CN111795106 B CN 111795106B CN 202010709422 A CN202010709422 A CN 202010709422A CN 111795106 B CN111795106 B CN 111795106B
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CN111795106A (zh
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王传平
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Anhui Tailaide Automation Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种用于移栽机的减振装置，涉及农用机械技术领域，包括基座，所述基座上安装有振动传感器且固定连接有缓冲筒，所述缓冲筒内底部固定连接有弹簧管，所述弹簧管底部安装有压电片，所述弹簧管内设有空腔，所述空腔内两侧均固定连接有电极沉积膜且内部填充有电流变液，所述弹簧管远离缓冲筒底部一端固定连接有活塞块，所述活塞块内开设有滑动腔，本发明通过控制器匹配基座振动的振动幅度，控制弹簧管内的两个电极沉积膜之间的电场强度，从而控制电流变液在电场下屈服强度的大小，进而控制弹簧管的缓冲能力大小，有效针对相应的振动幅度达到更好的减振效果。

Description

一种用于移栽机的减振装置及其减振方法
技术领域
本发明涉及农用机械技术领域，尤其涉及一种用于移栽机的减振装置及其减振方法。
背景技术
随着农业机械化的发展，农作物的种植和收获逐渐开始采用农用机械进行工作，在进行农作物种植时一般采用移栽机进行种植，现有的移栽机一般采用半自动化的方式，即人工进行分拣幼苗投入移栽机内，由移栽机进行开沟、打孔、种苗和填土的工作。现有的移栽机在工作过程中，不可避免的产生机械振动，这些机械振动来自发动机和驱动机械的工作的正常振动、机械连接连接间的相互振动以及地面凹凸造成的振动等，随着振动的不断产生，极大地影响了机械部件的使用寿命，并且使得工作人员处于振动工作环境中，不仅影响工作效率，同时会给工作人员带来健康损伤。
发明内容
本发明提出的一种用于移栽机的减振装置及其减振方法，目的是为了解决传统技术中移栽机在工作过程中，不可避免的产生机械振动，极大地影响了机械部件的使用寿命，并且使得工作人员处于振动工作环境中，不仅影响工作效率，同时会给工作人员带来健康损伤的问题。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用了如下技术方案：
一种用于移栽机的减振装置，包括基座，所述基座上安装有振动传感器且固定连接有缓冲筒，所述缓冲筒内底部固定连接有弹簧管，所述弹簧管底部安装有压电片，所述弹簧管内设有空腔，所述空腔内两侧均固定连接有电极沉积膜且内部填充有电流变液，所述弹簧管远离缓冲筒底部一端固定连接有活塞块，所述活塞块内开设有滑动腔，所述滑动腔内两端均滑动连接有电磁铁，两个所述电磁铁远离滑动腔中心一端均抵靠有摩擦片，两个所述摩擦片均固定连接在活塞块周侧内；
所述活塞块远离弹簧管一侧同轴固定连接有活塞杆，所述缓冲筒顶部开设有限位孔，所述活塞杆远离活塞块一端穿过限位孔且固定连接有顶座，所述基座上安装有控制器，所述控制器与振动传感器、压电片、电极沉积膜和电磁铁电性连接。
优选地，所述缓冲筒两侧顶部和底部上均安装有进气阀和出气阀，所述进气阀内固定连接有过滤网，其中进气阀由外界向缓冲筒内单向导通，出气阀与之相反。
优选地，所述振动传感器采用现有技术，获取基座振动频率和振动幅度数据并转化为电信号。
优选地，所述控制器接收振动传感器和压电片的电信号，并控制电极沉积膜和电磁铁的工作状态。
一种用于移栽机的减振装置的减振方法，包括以下步骤：
S1、振动传感器获取基座的振动频率和振动幅度数据；
S2、控制器实时接收振动传感器的电信号，并向两个电极沉积膜施加电流强度正比于振动幅度且脉冲频率等于振动频率的脉冲电流，电流变液在两个电极沉积膜形成的电场作用下屈服强度增大，从而提高弹簧管的缓冲能力，电流变液在脉冲间隙失去外加电场而恢复，从而避免电流变液的回弹力，以此通过电控实时减小振动的幅度，达到减振的目的；
S3、当电流变液长时间工作失效时，压电片检测到弹簧管工作异常并向控制器发出电信号，控制器即时向两个电磁铁通入方向相反强度正比于振动幅度的电流，两个电磁铁相互磁性排斥，从而提高摩擦片与缓冲筒内侧壁的正压力，进而提高摩擦片与缓冲筒内侧壁的摩擦力，辅助进行减振，同时控制器控制警示灯亮起，提醒更换电流变液。
与现有技术相比，本发明具备以下有益效果：
1、本发明通过控制器匹配基座振动的振动幅度，控制弹簧管内的两个电极沉积膜之间的电场强度，从而控制电流变液在电场下屈服强度的大小，进而控制弹簧管的缓冲能力大小，有效针对相应的振动幅度达到更好的减振效果；
同时，控制器匹配基座振动的振动频率，控制弹簧管内两个电极沉积膜之间的电场强度的脉冲激发频率，在脉冲间隙时，电流变液失去外加电场恢复原状态，从而消除在脉冲工作时积累的弹力，进而减小振动的幅度，提高减振效果。
2、本发明在电流变液长时间工作失效时，控制器接收压电片的电信号，控制两个电磁铁相互磁性排斥，提高摩擦片与缓冲筒内侧壁的正压力，提高摩擦片与缓冲筒内侧壁的摩擦力，辅助进行减振，同时控制器控制警示灯亮起，提醒更换电流变液，避免因为电流变液失效导致工作异常影响正常的减振效果。
3、本发明在缓冲筒上下均设置了进气阀和出气阀，在缓冲筒内电流变液变化以及摩擦片与缓冲筒内侧壁的摩擦产生热量时，随活塞块在缓冲筒内上下移动，活塞块推动缓冲筒内的热空气与外界冷空气交换，形成散热效果，避免内部积热较多。
附图说明
图1为本发明的结构示意图；
图2为本发明的图1中A-A部分截面示意图；
图3为本发明的弹簧管横截面示意图；
图4为本发明的工作框图示意图。
图中：1基座、11振动传感器、2缓冲筒、21压电片、22限位孔、23进气阀、231过滤网、24出气阀、3弹簧管、31空腔、32电极沉积膜、4活塞块、41滑动腔、42电磁铁、43摩擦片、5活塞杆、6顶座。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。
参照图1-4，一种用于移栽机的减振装置，包括基座1，基座1上安装有振动传感器11，振动传感器11采用现有技术，获取基座1振动频率和振动幅度数据并转化为电信号。
基座1上固定连接有缓冲筒2，缓冲筒2内底部固定连接有弹簧管3，弹簧管3底部安装有压电片21，压电片21获取弹簧管3的压力数据。
弹簧管3内设有空腔31，空腔31内两侧均固定连接有电极沉积膜32且内部填充有电流变液，电流变液是一种由介电微粒与绝缘液体混合而成的复杂流体，在一定强度电场的作用下发生由液态向固态的转变，随电场强度的增加，其屈服强度逐渐上升。
弹簧管3远离缓冲筒2底部一端固定连接有活塞块4，活塞块4内开设有滑动腔41，滑动腔41内两端均滑动连接有电磁铁42，两个电磁铁42远离滑动腔41中心一端均抵靠有摩擦片43，两个摩擦片43均固定连接在活塞块4周侧内，两个电磁铁42相互排斥时，挤压摩擦片43使其与缓冲筒2内侧壁相互接触。
活塞块4远离弹簧管3一侧同轴固定连接有活塞杆5，缓冲筒2顶部开设有限位孔22，活塞杆5远离活塞块4一端穿过限位孔22且固定连接有顶座6，弹簧管3缓冲基座1产生的振动对顶座6的影响。
缓冲筒2两侧顶部和底部上均安装有进气阀23和出气阀24，进气阀23内固定连接有过滤网231，避免外界灰尘进入缓冲筒2内，其中进气阀23由外界向缓冲筒2内单向导通，出气阀24与之相反，在活塞块4沿缓冲筒2内上下移动时，推动缓冲筒2内的空气与外界空气交换。
基座1上安装有控制器，控制器与振动传感器11、压电片21、电极沉积膜32和电磁铁42电性连接，控制器接收振动传感器11和压电片21的电信号，并控制电极沉积膜32和电磁铁42的工作状态。
一种用于移栽机的减振装置的减振方法，包括以下步骤：
S1、振动传感器11获取基座1的振动频率和振动幅度数据；
S2、控制器实时接收振动传感器11的电信号，并向两个电极沉积膜32施加电流强度正比于振动幅度且脉冲频率等于振动频率的脉冲电流，电流变液在两个电极沉积膜32形成的电场作用下屈服强度增大，从而提高弹簧管3的缓冲能力，电流变液在脉冲间隙失去外加电场而恢复，从而避免电流变液的回弹力，以此通过电控实时减小振动的幅度，达到减振的目的；
S3、当电流变液长时间工作失效时，压电片21检测到弹簧管3工作异常并向控制器发出电信号，控制器向两个电磁铁42通入方向相反强度正比于振动幅度的电流，两个电磁铁42相互磁性排斥，从而提高摩擦片43与缓冲筒2内侧壁的正压力，进而提高摩擦片43与缓冲筒2内侧壁的摩擦力，辅助进行减振，同时控制器控制警示灯亮起，提醒更换电流变液，警示灯未图示。
现对本发明的原理做如下描述：
首先，在基座1产生振动时，基座1上的振动传感器11获取基座1的振动频率和振动幅度数据，控制器实时接收振动传感器11的数据，并向缓冲筒2内固定连接的弹簧管3内的两个电极沉积膜32施加电流强度正比于振动幅度的电流，电流变液在两个电极沉积膜32形成的电场作用下屈服强度增大，从而提高弹簧管3的缓冲能力，有效针对相应基座1的振动幅度达到更好的减振效果；
同时控制器控制两个电极沉积膜32电流的脉冲频率等于基座1的振动频率，在脉冲间隙时，弹簧管3内的电流变液失去两个电极沉积膜32形成的外加电场而恢复原状态，从而消除电流变液在脉冲工作时积累的弹力，进而减小振动的幅度，提高减振效果；
以此通过控制器电控配合电流变液的变化实时减小振动的幅度，达到对弹簧管3顶部通过活塞块4和活塞杆5固定连接的顶座6减振的目的；
当电流变液长时间工作失效时，压电片21检测到弹簧管3工作异常并向控制器发出电信号，控制器向活塞块4内滑动连接的两个电磁铁42通入方向相反强度正比于振动幅度的电流，两个电磁铁42相互磁性排斥，电磁铁42挤压与之接触的摩擦片43，从而提高摩擦片43与缓冲筒2内侧壁的正压力，进而提高摩擦片43与缓冲筒2内侧壁的摩擦力，在弹簧管3收缩或恢复时活塞块4沿缓冲筒2内侧壁上下滑动产生摩擦阻力，辅助进行减振，避免因为电流变液失效导致工作异常影响正常的减振效果；同时控制器控制警示灯亮起，提醒更换电流变液；
在缓冲筒2内电流变液变化以及摩擦片43与缓冲筒2内侧壁的摩擦产生热量时，随活塞块4在缓冲筒2内上下移动，活塞块4推动缓冲筒2内的热空气与外界冷空气交换，形成散热效果，避免内部积热较多。
以上所述，仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (5)

1.一种用于移栽机的减振装置，包括基座(1)，其特征在于，所述基座(1)上安装有振动传感器(11)且固定连接有缓冲筒(2)，所述缓冲筒(2)内底部固定连接有弹簧管(3)，所述弹簧管(3)底部安装有压电片(21)，所述弹簧管(3)内设有空腔(31)，所述空腔(31)内两侧均固定连接有电极沉积膜(32)且内部填充有电流变液，所述弹簧管(3)远离缓冲筒(2)底部一端固定连接有活塞块(4)，所述活塞块(4)内开设有滑动腔(41)，所述滑动腔(41)内两端均滑动连接有电磁铁(42)，两个所述电磁铁(42)远离滑动腔(41)中心一端均抵靠有摩擦片(43)，两个所述摩擦片(43)均固定连接在活塞块(4)周侧内；
所述活塞块(4)远离弹簧管(3)一侧同轴固定连接有活塞杆(5)，所述缓冲筒(2)顶部开设有限位孔(22)，所述活塞杆(5)远离活塞块(4)一端穿过限位孔(22)且固定连接有顶座(6)，所述基座(1)上安装有控制器(7)，所述控制器(7)与振动传感器(11)、压电片(21)、电极沉积膜(32)和电磁铁(42)电性连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于移栽机的减振装置，其特征在于，所述缓冲筒(2)两侧顶部和底部上均安装有进气阀(23)和出气阀(24)，所述进气阀(23)内固定连接有过滤网(231)，其中进气阀(23)由外界向缓冲筒(2)内单向导通，出气阀(24)与之相反。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于移栽机的减振装置，其特征在于，所述振动传感器获取基座振动频率和振动幅度数据并转化为电信号。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种用于移栽机的减振装置，其特征在于，所述控制器(7)接收振动传感器(11)和压电片(21)的电信号，并控制电极沉积膜(32)和电磁铁(42)的工作状态。
5.一种根据权利要求1所述的用于移栽机的减振装置的减振方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
S1、振动传感器(11)获取基座(1)的振动频率和振动幅度数据；
S2、控制器(7)实时接收振动传感器(11)的电信号，并向两个电极沉积膜(32)施加电流强度正比于振动幅度且脉冲频率等于振动频率的脉冲电流，电流变液在两个电极沉积膜(32)形成的电场作用下屈服强度增大，从而提高弹簧管(3)的缓冲能力，电流变液在脉冲间隙失去外加电场而恢复，从而避免电流变液的回弹力，以此通过电控实时减小振动的幅度，达到减振的目的；
S3、当电流变液长时间工作失效时，压电片(21)检测到弹簧管(3)工作异常并向控制器(7)发出电信号，控制器(7)向两个电磁铁(42)通入方向相反强度正比于振动幅度的电流，两个电磁铁(42)相互磁性排斥，从而提高摩擦片(43)与缓冲筒(2)内侧壁的正压力，进而提高摩擦片(43)与缓冲筒(2)内侧壁的摩擦力，辅助进行减振，同时控制器(7)控制警示灯亮起，提醒更换电流变液。
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