CN111792863A - 替代特种混凝土石子的渣土造粒聚合物骨料及制备方法 - Google Patents
替代特种混凝土石子的渣土造粒聚合物骨料及制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111792863A CN111792863A CN202010602125.7A CN202010602125A CN111792863A CN 111792863 A CN111792863 A CN 111792863A CN 202010602125 A CN202010602125 A CN 202010602125A CN 111792863 A CN111792863 A CN 111792863A
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- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 8
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound 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[K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 24
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- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium hydroxide Chemical compound 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[OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium silicate Chemical compound 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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B18/02—Agglomerated materials, e.g. artificial aggregates
- C04B18/021—Agglomerated materials, e.g. artificial aggregates agglomerated by a mineral binder, e.g. cement
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B18/04—Waste materials; Refuse
- C04B18/16—Waste materials; Refuse from building or ceramic industry
- C04B18/167—Recycled material, i.e. waste material reused in the production of the same material
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Abstract
本发明提供了一种替代特种混凝土石子的渣土造粒聚合物骨料及之制备方法，所述渣土造粒聚合物骨料包括以下质量份数比的原料：余泥渣土造粒200‑500份、矿渣粉300‑700份、水泥100‑200份、硅酸钠200‑400份、碳酸钾50‑100份、氢氧化钙50‑100份、水250‑450份、外加剂5‑20份。本发明利用余泥渣土作为再生骨料，有效消纳余泥渣土，节省传统建材资源的消耗，缓解天然砂石资源的短缺问题，有利于节约能源、保护生态环境，达到了废弃物无害化、资源化、循环化的目的。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及混凝土制备技术领域，更具体地说，涉及一种替代特种混凝土石子的渣土造粒聚合物骨料及制备方法。
背景技术
随着城市建设的快速发展，大规模的混凝土应用于工程建设中，大量的传统天然不可再生建筑材料用于生产，造成自然资源的过度消耗和资源短缺等问题。在建设过程中，地下开挖产生大量的废弃余泥渣土，而绝大部分余泥渣土未经任何处理，便被施工单位运往郊外或乡村，露天堆放或填埋，耗用大量的征用土地费、垃圾清运费等建设经费，同时，清运和堆放过程中的遗撒和粉尘飞扬等问题又造成了严重的环境污染，并直接危害到周边居民的生活。
另一方面，以深圳为例，2019年的混凝土消耗量约为3500万立方米，相应地，作为混凝土中的粗骨料的石子的需求量约为3500万吨。而砂、石等天然资源作为混凝土重要的原材料，经过多年大规模开采，天然砂、石资源逐渐减少，造成区域性供应量远小于需求量，石子资源的短缺，在大大增加了基建投资和重大项目建设成本的同时，还影响工程建设进度并带来质量安全隐患。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题在于，针对上述余泥渣土处理费用较高、影响城市环境，以及天然石子资源的短缺的问题，提供一种替代特种混凝土石子的渣土造粒聚合物骨料及制备方法。
本发明解决上述技术问题的技术方案是，提供一种替代特种混凝土石子的渣土造粒聚合物骨料，包括以下质量份数比的原料：余泥渣土造粒200-500份、矿渣粉300-700份、水泥100-200份、硅酸钠200-400份、碳酸钾50-100份、氢氧化钙50-100份、水250-450份、外加剂5-20份。
优选地，所述余泥渣土造粒的粒径为10～15mm，且所述余泥渣土造粒的水分含量在5％～8％之间。
优选地，所述余泥渣土造粒由粒径为2～15mm的余泥渣土与胶凝材料、固化剂经搅拌、静置产生。
优选地，所述矿渣粉的28d活性指数≥95％。
优选地，所述水泥包括以下材料中的一种或多种：硅酸盐水泥、普通硅酸盐水泥、复合硅酸盐水泥、粉煤灰硅酸盐水泥、火山灰质硅酸盐水泥、矿渣硅酸盐水泥。
优选地，所述外加剂为聚羧酸系高性能减水剂，所述聚羧酸系高性能减水剂的减水率不小于25％，且所述聚羧酸系高性能减水剂的28d抗压强度比不小于130％。
本发明实施例还提供一种如上所述的替代特种混凝土石子的渣土造粒聚合物骨料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
A、将矿渣粉、水泥、硅酸钠、碳酸钾、氢氧化钙、水、外加剂放入搅拌机搅拌第一时长；
B、将余泥渣土造粒加入搅拌机继续搅拌第二时长，并在搅拌机中的拌合物搅拌均匀后静置第三时长；
C、将经过静置的拌合物中的渣土造粒聚合物做下沉处理，并分离出渣土造粒聚合物颗粒。
优选地，所述步骤C之后还包括：
D、使用颗粒整形机对分离出的渣土造粒聚合物颗粒进行整形处理，获得渣土聚合物骨料。
优选地，所述步骤C中，通过离心沉降机将经过静置的拌合物中的渣土造粒聚合物做下沉处理。
优选地，所述步骤A和B中，所述搅拌机的搅拌速度不超过100转/分钟，所述第一时长为2-4分钟，所述第二时长为1-2分钟，所述第三时长为5-10分钟。
本发明实施例的替代特种混凝土石子的渣土造粒聚合物骨料及制备方法，利用余泥渣土作为再生骨料，有效消纳余泥渣土，节省传统建材资源的消耗，缓解天然砂石资源的短缺问题，有利于节约能源、保护生态环境，达到了废弃物无害化、资源化、循环化的目的。
附图说明
图1是本发明第一实施例提供的替代特种混凝土石子的渣土造粒聚合物骨料的制备方法的流程示意图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
本发明的替代特种混凝土石子的渣土造粒聚合物骨料可作为骨料应用于透水混凝土、植生混凝土、装饰混凝土等特种混凝土中，从而部分代替透水混凝土、植生混凝土、装饰混凝土等特种混凝土中的天然石子，不仅可减轻渣土带来的围城困境，拓展了余泥渣土的应用范围，减少石子等天然资源的消耗，还实现余泥渣土的合理、高效、循环地利用，有效地改善石子等自然资源的短缺问题。
本发明实施例提供了一种替代特种混凝土石子的渣土造粒聚合物骨料，包括以下质量份数比的原料：余泥渣土造粒200-500份、矿渣粉300-700份、水泥100-200份、硅酸钠200-400份、碳酸钾50-100份、氢氧化钙50-100份、水250-450份、外加剂5-20份。
在本发明的一个实施例中，上述余泥渣土造粒的粒径10～15mm，且该余泥渣土造粒的水分含量在5％～8％之间。具体地，上述余泥渣土造粒可由粒径为2～15mm的余泥渣土与胶凝材料、固化剂经搅拌、静置产生。
具体地，在余泥渣土造粒中，胶凝材料、固化剂及余泥渣土的重量比为100～150:0.4～0.5:2200～3000。
上述矿渣粉的28d活性指数≥95％，其余技术指标符合GB/T 18046标准要求。
水泥包括以下材料中的一种或多种：硅酸盐水泥、普通硅酸盐水泥、复合硅酸盐水泥、粉煤灰硅酸盐水泥、火山灰质硅酸盐水泥、矿渣硅酸盐水泥，其技术指标符合GB/T 175标准要求。
外加剂为聚羧酸系高性能减水剂，上述聚羧酸系高性能减水剂的减水率不小于25％，且聚羧酸系高性能减水剂的28d抗压强度比不小于130％，其余技术指标符合GB 8076标准要求。
如图1所示，是本发明实施例提供的如上所述的替代特种混凝土石子的渣土造粒聚合物骨料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤S11：将矿渣粉、水泥、硅酸钠、碳酸钾、氢氧化钙、水、外加剂放入搅拌机搅拌第一时长。在该步骤中，搅拌机的搅拌速度不超过100转/分钟的，例如60转/分钟，第一时长为2-4分钟。
该搅拌步骤可使得矿渣粉、水泥、硅酸钠、碳酸钾、氢氧化钙、外加剂混合均匀，并在水的作用下形成粘稠的浆体。
步骤S12：将余泥渣土造粒加入搅拌机继续搅拌第二时长，并在搅拌机中的拌合物搅拌均匀后静置第三时长。在该步骤中，搅拌机的搅拌速度不超过100转/分钟的，例如60转/分钟，第二时长为1-2分钟，第三时长为5-10分钟。
该步骤中，由矿渣粉、水泥、硅酸钠、碳酸钾、氢氧化钙、外加剂形成的浆体均匀包裹在余泥渣土造粒的表面，且在静置过程中，浆体进一步填充余泥渣土造粒表面的空隙，以提高最终形成的渣土造粒聚合物骨料的强度。
步骤S13：将经过静置的拌合物中的渣土造粒聚合物做下沉处理，并分离出渣土造粒聚合物颗粒。
该步骤可通过离心沉降机实现，即通过将经过静置的拌合物中的渣土造粒聚合物做下沉处理，以获取渣土造粒聚合物颗粒。
在本发明的实施例中，上述步骤S13之后还包括：使用颗粒整形机对分离出的渣土造粒聚合物颗粒进行整形处理，获得渣土聚合物骨料，从而保证渣土聚合物骨料大小均匀。
本发明所得的渣土造粒聚合物骨料在消耗大量余泥渣土的同时，成为混凝土中廉价的填充材料，有效降低混凝土生产成本，减少不可再生天然石子资源的消耗。应用于混凝土中时，在混凝土中起着骨架作用，对水泥的收缩起着一定程度的约束作用，与水泥发生化学反应，形成较强的结合力，经过整形的渣土造粒聚合物骨料，更好的提供润滑作用，减少搅拌、运输与浇灌时骨料颗粒间的摩擦阻力，改善并提高与水泥浆体的机械咬合力，从而满足混凝土的基本力学性能要求，特别适用于透水混凝土、植生混凝土、装饰混凝土等特种混凝土。
由于选用余泥渣土造粒为主要材料，本发明可拓宽余泥渣土的应用范围，提升余泥渣土再生产品的附加值，实现余泥渣土的合理、高效、循环使用，使得特种混凝土的温室气体排放量、总成本等指标低于传统特种混凝土。
实施例1：
将矿渣粉600份、水泥100份、硅酸钠300份、碳酸钾75份、氢氧化钙75份、水300份、外加剂10份放入搅拌机中预先搅拌180秒，再将余泥渣土造粒300份加入搅拌机，搅拌60秒，在转速为60转/分钟的搅拌下，使搅拌机中的拌合物搅拌均匀，然后静置8分钟；采用离心沉降机把拌合物中的渣土造粒聚合物下沉，并分离出渣土造粒聚合物颗粒；使用颗粒整形机，通过搅拌桨让颗粒完成整形流程，得到渣土造粒聚合物骨料。
实施例2：
将矿渣粉700份、水泥200份、硅酸钠400份、碳酸钾100份、氢氧化钙100份、水450份、外加剂20份放入搅拌机中预先搅拌180秒，再将余泥渣土造粒300份加入搅拌机，搅拌60秒，在转速为60转/分钟的搅拌下，使搅拌机中的拌合物搅拌均匀，然后静置8分钟；采用离心沉降机把拌合物中的渣土造粒聚合物下沉，并分离出渣土造粒聚合物颗粒；使用颗粒整形机，通过搅拌桨让颗粒完成整形流程，得到渣土造粒聚合物骨料。
实施例3：
将矿渣粉300份、水泥100份、硅酸钠200份、碳酸钾50份、氢氧化钙50份、水250份、外加剂5份放入搅拌机中预先搅拌180秒，再将余泥渣土造粒300份加入搅拌机，搅拌60秒，在转速为60转/分钟的搅拌下，使搅拌机中的拌合物搅拌均匀，然后静置8分钟；采用离心沉降机把拌合物中的渣土造粒聚合物下沉，并分离出渣土造粒聚合物颗粒；使用颗粒整形机，通过搅拌桨让颗粒完成整形流程，得到渣土造粒聚合物骨料。
并且，可通过以下方式制备再生植生混凝土：将渣土造粒聚合物骨料500份、河砂60份、天然石子1000份、水120份、粉煤灰60份和水泥200份、外加剂6.5份混合搅拌得到的再生植生混凝土，得到的再生植生混凝土的28d抗压强度值10.9MPa，联通孔隙率27.1％，pH值为8.9，完全满足要求。
以上所述，仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求的保护范围为准。
Claims (10)
1.一种替代特种混凝土石子的渣土造粒聚合物骨料，其特征在于，包括以下质量份数比的原料：余泥渣土造粒200-500份、矿渣粉300-700份、水泥100-200份、硅酸钠200-400份、碳酸钾50-100份、氢氧化钙50-100份、水250-450份、外加剂5-20份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的替代特种混凝土石子的渣土造粒聚合物骨料，其特征在于，所述余泥渣土造粒的粒径为10～15mm，且所述余泥渣土造粒的水分含量在5％～8％之间。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的替代特种混凝土石子的渣土造粒聚合物骨料，其特征在于，所述余泥渣土造粒由粒径为2～15mm的余泥渣土与胶凝材料、固化剂经搅拌、静置产生。
4.根据权利要求1所述的替代特种混凝土石子的渣土造粒聚合物骨料，其特征在于，所述矿渣粉的28d活性指数≥95％。
5.根据权利要求1所述的替代特种混凝土石子的渣土造粒聚合物骨料，其特征在于：所述水泥包括以下材料中的一种或多种：硅酸盐水泥、普通硅酸盐水泥、复合硅酸盐水泥、粉煤灰硅酸盐水泥、火山灰质硅酸盐水泥、矿渣硅酸盐水泥。
6.根据权利要求1所述的替代特种混凝土石子的渣土造粒聚合物骨料，其特征在于：所述外加剂为聚羧酸系高性能减水剂，所述聚羧酸系高性能减水剂的减水率不小于25％，且所述聚羧酸系高性能减水剂的28d抗压强度比不小于130％。
7.一种如权利要求1-6中任一项所述的替代特种混凝土石子的渣土造粒聚合物骨料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
A、将矿渣粉、水泥、硅酸钠、碳酸钾、氢氧化钙、水、外加剂放入搅拌机搅拌第一时长；
B、将余泥渣土造粒加入搅拌机继续搅拌第二时长，并在搅拌机中的拌合物搅拌均匀后静置第三时长；
C、将经过静置的拌合物中的渣土造粒聚合物做下沉处理，并分离出渣土造粒聚合物颗粒。
8.根据权利要求7所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤C之后还包括：
D、使用颗粒整形机对分离出的渣土造粒聚合物颗粒进行整形处理，获得渣土聚合物骨料。
9.根据权利要求7所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤C中，通过离心沉降机将经过静置的拌合物中的渣土造粒聚合物做下沉处理。
10.根据权利要求7所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤A和B中，所述搅拌机的搅拌速度不超过100转/分钟，所述第一时长为2-4分钟，所述第二时长为1-2分钟，所述第三时长为5-10分钟。
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