CN111785397A - A nuclear power plant based on a heat pipe type reactor and a method of using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a nuclear power device based on a heat pipe type reactor and a method of using the same. The device comprises: a heat pipe type reactor core, a heat pipe, a heat pipe heat exchanger and a water vapor circulation system, wherein one end of the heat pipe is connected to the heat pipe type reactor core, The other end is connected with the heat pipe heat exchanger, and the heat pipe heat exchanger is connected with the water vapor circulation system; the use method of the device is as follows: The water vapor in the heat exchanger absorbs heat and heats up, and the heated water vapor enters the water vapor circulation system for energy circulation exchange. A nuclear power device based on a heat pipe type reactor disclosed in the present invention has the advantages of simple structure, safety and reliability, simple operation and maintenance, small size, and mobility. The mobile nuclear power supply or nuclear power plant in the occasion has broad application prospects.

Description

A nuclear power plant based on a heat pipe type reactor and a method of using the same

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of nuclear power, and in particular relates to a nuclear power device based on a heat pipe type reactor and a method for using the same.

Background technique

Energy is the cornerstone of social development. Nuclear energy plays an increasingly important role in my country's energy structure due to its high energy density, sustainability, stability and cleanliness. At present, the nuclear power technology of large-scale pressurized water reactors has matured and occupies a large proportion in the energy structure of my country and the world. However, mobile nuclear power sources and nuclear power devices used in sea, land and air, such as shipborne, vehicle-mounted and airborne innovative small nuclear reactors The development of it remains to be studied to meet the needs of social and economic development.

Mobile nuclear power sources and nuclear power plants used in the sea, land and air must have the characteristics of safety, light weight and compactness, simplicity and reliability, and anti-sway. The traditional nuclear power plant of nuclear power plant adopts the "pressurized water reactor + steam Rankine cycle" system, which has the problems of complex equipment structure, low cycle efficiency, high vibration and noise, and difficult operation and maintenance. The potential risks of accidents such as water loss and flow loss require special nuclear safety auxiliary facilities, resulting in complex structure of nuclear power plants, low safety and reliability, and difficulty in operation and maintenance; the new underwater nuclear power plant adopts "lead-based reactor + supercritical carbon dioxide" "Circulation" system, the device has problems such as highly toxic Po-210, which makes equipment maintenance difficult, lead-based reactor materials are corrosive, and the melting point of lead in lead-based reactors is relatively high. Adding corresponding functional modules increases the complexity of the device, and the maintenance work is extremely complicated; there is also a nuclear power plant using a "sodium-cooled fast reactor + steam Rankine cycle" system, which needs to thaw the metal when the reactor is started, and two The risk of the reaction between sodium and water on the secondary side is also high. The violent reaction between sodium and water produces an explosive gas, hydrogen, and the reactor does not have inherent safety features. Inconvenient to move. The existence of the above problems limits the application of nuclear power sources and nuclear power plants in the sea, land and air.

Heat pipe reactor is a new type of reactor device that utilizes the two-phase natural circulation characteristics of alkali metals in high temperature heat pipes to transfer heat from the core to the energy conversion system. The new nuclear power system of heat pipe reactor coupled with steam Rankine cycle is an ideal choice for the application scenarios of mobile nuclear power sources and nuclear power plants oriented to sea, land and air.

Therefore, there is an urgent need for a mobile nuclear power plant with simple structure, good safety and reliability, easy operation and maintenance in a limited space, and can be used in sea, land and air.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In view of this, the present invention provides a heat pipe reactor-based nuclear power device and a method for using it, which are simple in structure, safe and reliable, simple in operation and maintenance, small in volume, and movable.

For this purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: a nuclear power plant based on a heat pipe reactor, characterized in that: the equipment comprises:

Heat pipe type reactor core;

a heat pipe, one end of the heat pipe is connected to the core of the heat pipe type reactor;

a heat pipe heat exchanger, the heat pipe heat exchanger is connected to the other end of the heat pipe;

A water vapor circulation system, the water vapor circulation system is connected with the heat pipe heat exchanger.

Preferably, the water vapor circulation system includes:

Turbine, the turbine air inlet is connected to the heat pipe heat exchanger;

a generator, the rotating shaft of the generator is connected with the rotating shaft of the turbine, and the rotating shaft of the turbine drives the rotating shaft of the generator to rotate synchronously;

Circulating pump;

a condenser, the air inlet of the condenser is connected with the air outlet of the turbine, and the water inlet of the condenser is connected with the circulating water pump;

A water supply pump, the water inlet of the water supply pump is connected with the first water outlet of the condenser, and the water outlet of the water supply pump is connected with the heat pipe heat exchanger.

Preferably, the core of the heat pipe type reactor is an all-solid-state reactor.

Preferably, the fuel of the heat pipe type reactor core is one of uranium-molybdenum alloy, uranium dioxide, uranium nitride and uranium carbide.

Preferably, the heat pipe is a tube bundle composed of 10 to 20,000 tubes.

Preferably, the outer diameter of the heat pipe is 10mm-100mm.

Preferably, the arrangement of the heat pipe bundles is a fork row or a tandem row.

Preferably, the working medium of the heat pipe is one or more of lithium, sodium and potassium.

Preferably, the circulating medium in the water vapor circulation system is subcritical water or supercritical water.

A method for using a nuclear power plant based on a heat pipe reactor, characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:

a. Heat pipe type reactor core works to generate heat energy;

b. The heat pipe passively loads the thermal energy generated by the core of the heat pipe type reactor into the heat pipe heat exchanger;

c. In the heat pipe heat exchanger, the supercritical or critical water vapor of the flowing working medium is heated;

c. The heated water vapor enters the turbine to do work, and the turbine shaft rotates;

d. The turbine shaft drives the generator to start working;

e. The exhausted gas after doing work in the turbine enters the condenser through the connecting pipe and the air inlet of the condenser, and the circulating water pump pumps cooling water into the condenser through the water inlet of the condenser, so that the exhausted gas entering the condenser is not affected. Cooling; the cooled exhaust gas is discharged from the first water outlet of the condenser, and the circulating cooling water is discharged from the second water outlet of the condenser;

f. The cooling exhaust gas enters the feed water pump through the connecting pipeline;

g. The water pumped by the feed water pump enters the heat pipe heat exchanger along the connecting pipe for heating and starts a new cycle.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention proposes the concept of a nuclear power device based on a heat pipe type reactor, and the device disclosed by the present invention has the advantages of simple structure, safety and reliability, simple operation and maintenance, small size, and mobility, etc., which are embodied in the following aspect:

1. The device uses passive heat transfer of heat pipes as the means of heat transfer from the core. There is no circuit system and rotating parts in the existing devices, and the structure of the device is greatly simplified. Maintenance, there is no traditional PWR lost-flow bomb accident, which improves the reliability and safety of the device; 2. In the power conversion device, the water vapor state in the water vapor circulation system can be supercritical water, compared with the PWR Subcritical water vapor and supercritical water can reach higher temperatures, and the conversion efficiency of the device's circulation capacity is higher; 3. The device has a simple structure and a small volume, which is suitable for occasions with limited space, and can also be moved at will to adapt to different conditions. Use occasions.

Description of drawings

1 is a schematic structural diagram of a nuclear power plant based on a heat pipe reactor of the present invention;

In the figure: 1. Heat pipe reactor core 2. Heat pipe 3. Heat pipe heat exchanger 4. Water vapor circulation system 5. Turbine 6. Generator 7. Circulating water pump 8. Condenser 9. Feed water pump 10. Connecting pipes.

Detailed ways

Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the embodiments described herein are intended to assist readers in understanding the principles of the present invention, and it should be understood that the scope of the present invention is not limited to such specific statements and embodiments. Those skilled in the art can make various other specific modifications and combinations without departing from the essence of the present invention according to the technical teachings disclosed in the present invention, and these modifications and combinations still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

As shown in FIG. 1 , a nuclear power plant based on a heat pipe type reactor includes: a heat pipe type reactor core 1, a heat pipe 2, a heat pipe heat exchanger 3, and a water vapor circulation system 4; one end of the heat pipe 2 is connected to the heat pipe type reactor core 1 is connected, and the other end is connected to the heat pipe heat exchanger 3;

The heat pipe 2 passively loads the thermal energy generated by the core 1 of the heat pipe type reactor into the heat pipe heat exchanger 3. The heat pipe heat exchanger 3 absorbs heat and then heats the supercritical or critical water vapor, and the heated water vapor enters the water vapor cycle. The system 4 then performs the conversion of thermal energy to electrical energy.

Preferably, the water vapor circulation system 4 includes: a turbine 5, a generator 6, a circulating water pump 7, a condenser 8 and a feed water pump 9; the rotating shaft of the turbine 5 is directly connected with the rotating shaft of the generator 6, and the rotating shaft of the turbine 5 rotates It can drive the rotating shaft of generator 6 to rotate synchronously; along the direction of water vapor flow, the air inlet of turbine 5 is connected to the heat pipe heat exchanger 3, the air outlet of turbine 5 is connected to the air inlet of condenser 8, and the The first water outlet is connected to the water supply pump 9, and the water outlet of the water supply pump 9 is connected to the heat pipe heat exchanger 3; the water outlet of the circulating water pump 7 is connected to the water inlet of the condenser 8, and the cooling water passes through the second water outlet of the condenser 8 Direct discharge.

The air inlet of the above-mentioned condenser 8 is defined as the air inlet connected to the air outlet of the turbine 5, and the water vapor enters the condenser 8 through the air inlet; the water inlet of the condenser 8 is defined as the water inlet connected with the circulating water pump 7, The cooling water enters the condenser 8 through the water inlet; the first water outlet of the condenser 8 is defined as the water outlet connected to the feed pump 9. After the water vapor is cooled in the condenser 8, the state changes from gas to liquid, and passes through the condenser. The first water outlet of 8 is discharged into the feed water pump 9; the second water outlet of the condenser 8 is communicated with the water inlet for discharging cooling water.

The rotation of the rotating shaft of the turbine 5 can drive the rotating shaft of the generator 6 to rotate synchronously. The turbine converts the thermal energy output by the heat pipe heat exchanger 3 into mechanical energy, and the generator 6 converts the mechanical energy into electrical energy to provide nuclear power.

Preferably, the heat pipe type reactor core 1 is an all-solid-state core.

Preferably, the fuel material of the heat pipe type reactor core 1 is one of uranium-molybdenum alloy, uranium dioxide, uranium nitride and uranium carbide.

Preferably, the heat pipe 2 is composed of a tube bundle composed of 10 to 20,000 tubes, and the number of the tube bundle can be adjusted according to the power required in practical applications.

Preferably, the outer diameter of the heat pipe 2 is 10mm-100mm.

Preferably, the arrangement of the tube bundles of the heat pipes 2 is a fork row or a tandem row.

Preferably, the working medium of the heat pipe 2 is one or more of lithium, sodium and potassium.

As shown in Fig. 1, a method of using a nuclear power plant based on a heat pipe type reactor is shown. In Fig. 1, a small triangular arrow is used to indicate the flow direction of water vapor and water in the connecting pipe 10. The method of use is as follows:

First, the heat pipe type reactor core 1 works to generate heat energy; the heat pipe type 2 passively loads the heat energy generated by the heat pipe type reactor core 1 into the heat pipe heat exchanger 3; in the heat pipe heat exchanger 3, the supercritical water vapor absorbs heat Heating; the heated supercritical water vapor enters the turbine 5 to do work, and the rotating shaft of the turbine 5 rotates; the rotating shaft of the turbine 5 drives the generator 6 to start to rotate and generate electricity; the supercritical water vapor after working in the turbine 5 is depleted Enter the condenser 8 through the connecting pipe 10, while the circulating water pump pumps cooling water into the condenser, and cools the water vapor exhausted gas entering the condenser 8, and is cooled to the minimum circulating temperature of the system; The first water outlet of 8 is discharged, and the circulating cooling water is discharged from the second water outlet of the condenser 8; then the cooling water enters the feed water pump 9, and the water pumped by the feed water pump 9 enters the heat pipe heat exchanger 3 along the connecting pipe 10, Heat up and start a new cycle.

Claims (10)

1. A nuclear power plant based on a heat pipe reactor, wherein the equipment comprises: Heat pipe type reactor core (1); a heat pipe (2), one end of the heat pipe (2) is connected to the core (1) of the heat pipe type reactor; a heat pipe heat exchanger (3), the heat pipe heat exchanger (3) is connected to the other end of the heat pipe (2); A water vapor circulation system (4), the water vapor circulation system (4) is connected with the heat pipe heat exchanger (3). 2. The nuclear power plant based on a heat pipe reactor according to claim 1, wherein the water vapor circulation system (4) comprises: The turbine (5), the air inlet of the turbine (5) is connected with the heat pipe heat exchanger (3); a generator (6), the rotating shaft of the generator (6) is connected with the rotating shaft of the turbine (5), and the rotating shaft of the turbine (5) drives the rotating shaft of the generator (6) to rotate synchronously; Circulating water pump (7); a condenser (8), the air inlet of the condenser (8) is connected with the air outlet of the turbine (5), and the water inlet of the condenser (8) is connected with the circulating water pump (7); A water supply pump (9), the water inlet of the water supply pump (9) is connected with the first water outlet of the condenser (8), and the water outlet of the water supply pump (9) is connected with the heat pipe heat exchanger (3). 3 . The nuclear power plant based on a heat pipe type reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the core ( 1 ) of the heat pipe type reactor is an all-solid-state reactor. 4 . 4. The nuclear power plant based on a heat pipe reactor according to claim 3, characterized in that: the fuel of the heat pipe reactor core (1) is uranium-molybdenum alloy, uranium dioxide, uranium nitride and uranium carbide, wherein a kind of. 5 . The nuclear power plant based on a heat pipe reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the heat pipe ( 2 ) is a tube bundle composed of 10 to 20,000 tubes. 6 . 6. The nuclear power plant based on a heat pipe type reactor according to claim 5, characterized in that: the outer diameter of the heat pipe (2) is 10mm-100mm. 7 . The nuclear power plant based on a heat pipe type reactor according to claim 6 , wherein the arrangement of the heat pipe ( 2 ) tube bundles is a fork row or a parallel row. 8 . 8 . The nuclear power plant based on a heat pipe type reactor according to claim 7 , wherein the working medium of the heat pipe ( 2 ) is one or more of lithium, sodium and potassium. 9 . 9 . The nuclear power plant based on a heat pipe reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the circulating medium in the water vapor circulation system ( 4 ) is subcritical water or supercritical water. 10 . 10. The method for using a nuclear power plant based on a heat pipe reactor according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: a. The heat pipe type reactor core (1) works to generate heat energy; b. The heat pipe (2) passively loads the thermal energy generated by the core (1) of the heat pipe type reactor into the heat pipe heat exchanger (3); c. In the heat pipe heat exchanger (3), the supercritical or critical water vapor of the flowing working medium is heated; c. The heated water vapor enters the turbine (5) to do work, and the rotating shaft of the turbine (5) rotates; d. The rotating shaft of the turbine (5) drives the generator (6) to start working; e. The spent gas after doing work in the turbine (5) enters the condenser (8) through the connecting pipe (10) and the air inlet of the condenser (8), while the circulating water pump (7) passes through the condenser (8). The water inlet pumps cooling water into the condenser (8) to cool the spent gas entering the condenser (8); the cooled spent gas is discharged from the first water outlet of the condenser (8), and the circulating cooling water is discharged from the condenser (8). The second water outlet of the device (8) is discharged; f. The cooling spent gas enters the feed water pump (9) through the connecting pipe (10); g. The water pumped by the feed water pump (9) enters the heat pipe heat exchanger (3) along the connecting pipe (10) for heating and starts a new cycle.

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