CN111784831A - Urban river flood three-dimensional inundation analysis method based on oblique photography - Google Patents
Urban river flood three-dimensional inundation analysis method based on oblique photography Download PDFInfo
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- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
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- G06T17/00—Three dimensional [3D] modelling, e.g. data description of 3D objects
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- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C11/00—Photogrammetry or videogrammetry, e.g. stereogrammetry; Photographic surveying
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- G06T7/00—Image analysis
- G06T7/30—Determination of transform parameters for the alignment of images, i.e. image registration
- G06T7/33—Determination of transform parameters for the alignment of images, i.e. image registration using feature-based methods
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Abstract
The invention discloses a three-dimensional inundation analysis method for urban river floods based on oblique photography, which comprises the steps of oblique photography aviation flight, ground image control point measurement, hydrological data and human economic data collection and processing, oblique three-dimensional model and high-precision DSM data generation, three-dimensional inundation water surface calculation generation, multi-source data integration and three-dimensional inundation effect display, quantitative analysis of inundation disaster situations and the like. By using the method and the device, the simulation precision of flood inundation of river channels in urban areas can be greatly improved, decision makers can conveniently and rapidly and accurately make flood fighting and disaster relief strategies, the efficiency of flood fighting and disaster relief is improved, time is saved, and further loss is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of hydrology professional flood inundation analysis, and particularly relates to a method for carrying out accurate three-dimensional inundation analysis on urban river floods by using a new oblique photography technology of surveying and mapping professionals.
Background
River flood refers to the phenomenon that the water level in rivers rises rapidly and the water flow rate increases rapidly, and is one of natural disasters, the occurrence frequency is frequent, and the damage results are serious. China is vast in breadth, and areas with more than three quarters of the territory area suffer from flood disasters with different degrees and types. China needs to organize a large amount of manpower and material resources to rescue disasters every year, and the financial resources and the energy consumed by China are countless. With the continuous development and progress of social economy, in order to reduce the life and property losses brought to people by flood disasters, the flood submerging law needs to be fully researched and simulated, the movement process is reproduced, and relevant mechanisms need to provide intuitive and powerful management measures for important information such as the occurrence time, the spread range, the damage intensity and the like of the flood disasters, so that the measures become essential in flood control and disaster resistance.
The traditional flood inundation analysis usually adopts DEM as topographic data to carry out the flood inundation analysis. For example, the invention patent CN102842104A applied by the changjiang water conservancy committee, changjiang academy of sciences discloses a high-precision river flood inundation area generation method for massive DEM data, which divides a strip for massive DEM data, compresses and stores runs of a plurality of inundation units continuously arranged on a grid line in the strip to reduce the data volume, and finally extracts an inundation range by adopting a compression unit boundary tracking method, thereby realizing inundation area generation under a complex terrain condition. According to the scheme, a traditional flooding source seed point filling method is changed into grid compression storage and grid boundary tracking calculation, so that a larger grid data volume is processed by a smaller memory configuration, a large amount of recursive judgments in the seed point filling method are avoided, and the calculation speed is improved. The scheme fully utilizes the digital terrain analysis and data compression storage technology, avoids the problem caused by the flooding analysis of mass DEM data by a seed filling method, better solves the problem of connected domain analysis in the complex terrain environment of rivers and lakes, and realizes the generation of large-range and high-precision river and lake flood flooding areas. For another example, CN104460343A discloses a river flood inundation simulation method based on water level monitoring data. Firstly, carrying out piecewise linear interpolation on a center line of a river channel based on discrete water level monitoring data acquired along the river channel to obtain a water level value at each position along the center line of the river channel; then, on the DEM of the river channel, calculating the flood level of each DEM grid according to nearest neighbor interpolation; and finally, calculating the actual flood submerging range and the submerging water depth distribution of the river channel according to a seed region growing method in the river channel. The natural form change of the meandering and undulation of the river channel is fully considered, the water level value of the river channel between the water level monitoring stations is interpolated according to the distance parameters, and the problem of interpolation water level distortion can be effectively avoided. Meanwhile, the scheme can effectively solve the problem that the conventional flood water level spatial interpolation method based on the global area is difficult to apply due to the fact that flood water level monitoring stations distributed in a river channel are too few and water level monitoring data sample points are insufficient.
The prior art provides a good solution for the flood inundation analysis method, but the flood inundation analysis usually uses a large-scale DEM (digital elevation model), the resolution ratio is usually larger than 5 meters, although the approximate flood inundation analysis can be performed on river reach of a large area, the river reach is reduced to a local area, and the analysis precision error is large. Meanwhile, for the modern society, the key area of flood control and disaster resistance is often a densely populated urban area, the DEM is a digital terrain model and cannot express various buildings in the city, but the building information is also very important for accurate flood inundation analysis of urban river channels. The technique of surveying professional oblique photography can just provide high precision DSM data that we would like to be. Compared with an orthographic image, an oblique three-dimensional model brought by oblique photography technology has the characteristics of fineness, measurability, sense of reality, high precision, objectification and the like, and the oblique photography technology can perform high-fidelity reduction on buildings in a city through a multi-angle aerial photography city, and the resolution can reach 1 centimeter. The high-precision urban DSM can be obtained by oblique photography technology, and is good topographic data for high-precision flood three-dimensional inundation analysis.
In addition, conventional flood flooding analysis is often divided into active flooding and passive flooding, wherein active flooding is more realistic. However, the traditional active flood flooding is usually performed by a seed spread algorithm and an eight-way communication mode on the basis of DEM data and assuming the flood height of a specific position. When the urban flood submerging analysis is carried out in the mode, the water retaining conditions of urban buildings (such as enclosing walls) and the like are not considered, and meanwhile, only one flood height is set, and the actual situation that the flood height is often inconsistent with the actual situation that the flood level of river channel flood flowing to each river reach along rivers at the time comes is not matched.
According to the traditional flood three-dimensional flooding analysis, the DEM superposed DOM is usually used for simulation, and due to the limitation of DOM data (the side texture of a building cannot be collected), the DOM stretched by the DEM is used for flood three-dimensional roaming demonstration and analysis, so that the local high-precision flooding condition cannot be expressed, and accurate flood control and relief aid decision cannot be made.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for carrying out urban river flood three-dimensional submergence analysis based on oblique photography technology, which can greatly improve the precision of flood submergence simulation, is closer to the real submergence situation, can more intuitively and accurately provide a flood submergence range and quantitative disaster loss situation for a decision maker, is convenient to carry out accurate flood control and relief decision, accurately distributes relief resources and improves the flood control and relief efficiency.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized in such a way;
the technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the method for carrying out urban river flood three-dimensional submerging analysis based on oblique photography technology can greatly improve the precision of flood submerging simulation, is closer to the real submerging condition, can provide flood submerging range and quantitative disaster loss condition for decision makers more intuitively and accurately, is convenient for carrying out accurate flood control and relief decision, accurately distributes relief resources and improves flood control and relief efficiency.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: disclosed is an urban river flood three-dimensional inundation analysis method based on oblique photography. The method comprises the following steps:
step one, oblique photography aviation flying;
secondly, measuring ground image control points;
step three, along a certain section of a river needing flood submerging analysis, obtaining flood level elevations and node coordinates of river nodes in a mode of obtaining real-time data of hydrological stations and the like, generating a vector line along a center line of the river through interpolation between nodes, wherein the elevation value of each point on the vector line is the elevation value of the simulated river flood level, and the elevation value of each point on the vector line is different in places theoretically;
and fourthly, generating an inclined three-dimensional model and generating a corresponding high-precision DSM result. The tilt model is subjected to singleization, and meanwhile, the human economic data submerging the urban area are collected;
integrating and coordinate registering the inclined three-dimensional model of the urban area and the river channel center vector line based on the Skyline GIS platform, and endowing each building of the urban area with humanistic economic attribute data;
and sixthly, carrying out secondary development based on skyline and ArcEngine, and programming to realize the generation of the three-dimensional submerged water surface based on the high-precision DSM and the river channel central vector line. Taking river flood inundation between two adjacent flood level coordinate points measured in field as an example, an ArryList-type two-dimensional array Z (i, j) and a Boolean-type array for marking are newly built, and elements in the two arrays correspond to corresponding grid points of high-precision DSM data (grid data in a geotif format). And the value of the two-dimensional array Z (i, j) is the flood elevation value from the grid point corresponding to the element to the perpendicular point of the river channel central flood waterline. Setting a submerging source point, adding the submerging source point into a two-dimensional array, assigning a True to a corresponding Boolean array, searching eight neighborhood grids around the source point, adding a point (H is an elevation value of a position corresponding to DSM grid data) meeting Z (i, j) and more than or equal to H into the two-dimensional array, marking the corresponding Boolean array and assigning the True, removing a first grid point, taking the first index point in the two-dimensional array as one point in the field, performing eight neighborhood search circulation by taking the first index point as the submerging source point, and ending the circulation until the two-dimensional array is empty. And finally, the True mark of the Boolean array completely records the inundation range of the flood.
Step seven: and (4) guiding the three-dimensional submerging water surface generated in the fifth step into a skyline platform, and registering the three-dimensional submerging water surface with the inclined three-dimensional model to obtain high-precision flood three-dimensional submerging simulation, wherein the heights of the submerging water surfaces at different places are different, so that the real flood submerging condition is more consistent, and the specific submerging condition (how many layers are submerged) of each building in the submerging area is completely and visually and accurately displayed. Meanwhile, the three-dimensional submerged water surface and the single inclined three-dimensional model are subjected to superposition analysis, so that the disaster loss condition and distribution of the submerged area can be rapidly and quantitatively counted in a chart form and displayed on the three-dimensional model, a decision maker can conveniently and rapidly and accurately designate a flood fighting and disaster relief strategy, the disaster relief efficiency is improved, and the economic loss is reduced.
The heights of the positions of the submerged water surface presented by the scheme are different, so that the method is more suitable for the real flood submerging condition, and meanwhile, the specific submerging condition (how many layers are submerged) of each building in the submerging area is completely and visually and accurately displayed. Meanwhile, the three-dimensional submerged water surface and the single inclined three-dimensional model are subjected to superposition analysis, so that the disaster loss condition and distribution of the submerged area can be rapidly and quantitatively counted in a chart form and displayed on the three-dimensional model, a decision maker can conveniently and rapidly and accurately designate a flood fighting and disaster relief strategy, the disaster relief efficiency is improved, and the economic loss is reduced.
Step one, the two electric unmanned aerial vehicle MEGA-V8III of havar 4 axle 8 rotors of taking the back difference module are adopted, the stability of unmanned aerial vehicle can be improved to the mode of 4 axle 8 rotors, improves the image definition, and the POS precision of image can be improved to back difference module to finally improve the geographical precision of model. And fourthly, the high-precision DSM generated based on the oblique photography technology is used for subsequent flood inundation range calculation, the geographic coordinate precision of the calculation starting data is improved, and meanwhile, compared with the DEM, the high-precision DSM can express buildings in urban areas, and the precision and the simulation of the calculation starting data are further guaranteed. And step seven, an improved eight-direction seed submerging algorithm is provided, meanwhile, the process that urban river flood level positions are unequal and urban river flood is simulated generally from a river channel to two banks is considered, the process that real urban river flood submerging is simulated more accurately by the algorithm, and the accuracy and the reliability of the flood submerging range generated by the algorithm are guaranteed. And step three, step four and step seven, selecting a specific three-dimensional GIS platform skyline, and performing integrated analysis on multi-source data such as inclined three-dimensional model data, flood inundation range data, river course vector line data, humanistic economic data and the like. And step seven, displaying flood inundation by using the inclined three-dimensional model, and intuitively and clearly knowing the disaster-affected condition (how many floors each building inundates) of the flood inundation area. And seventhly, combining the integrated multi-source data, quantitatively analyzing the disaster situation in the flooding area and reflecting the disaster situation to the inclined three-dimensional model.
Feasibility of urban river flood three-dimensional inundation analysis based on oblique photography: (1) the existing unmanned aerial vehicle oblique photogrammetry technology can produce a true three-dimensional model with high precision (common classification), high occurrence and rich texture, the model precision is improved by several orders of magnitude compared with the traditional DEM, and meanwhile, the correspondingly generated high-precision DSM can accurately reproduce a building model of an urban area; (2) skyline and ArcEngine provide a platform and software support for integration and spatial analysis of multi-source data such as tilt data, raster data, vector data and the like.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: the method can truly reproduce the disaster situation of the urban area after flood inundation, and can accurately and quantitatively analyze the inundation range, the inundation area and the economic loss situation of the flood based on real-time hydrological data. In terms of used terrain data, the traditional flood inundation analysis or three-dimensional inundation analysis is usually based on a large-scale DEM generated by a satellite, but the advanced oblique photography technology of the surveying and mapping professional adopted by the invention can generate a true three-dimensional real scene model with high precision and side textures, truly and vividly reappear the real world, and can generate DSM with common-grade precision. In terms of flood inundation algorithms, traditional flood inundation is usually performed by giving a flood elevation based on a starting point and then analyzing the flood elevation, which is different from the actual situation. The invention simulates the actual flood inundation water flow direction situation through an algorithm, namely when the flood comes, the flood level of the river channel is unequal everywhere, and meanwhile, the flood is often inundated towards two banks by taking the river channel as a central line. From the aspects of simulation analysis and assistant decision-making of flood inundation, the method is based on a specific three-dimensional GIS platform, integrates a three-dimensional high-precision urban tilt model, a high-precision flood inundation range and urban humanistic economic data together in a unified manner, and can accurately and quantitatively analyze the disaster situation of the inundation area to be accurate to each building. Meanwhile, based on the submergence effect of the inclined model, the submergence condition of each building in a submerged urban area can be visually and truly reproduced, a decision maker can conveniently and rapidly position a disaster-affected key area, flood disaster relief is performed in a targeted manner, the disaster relief efficiency is improved, the time is saved, and further loss is reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of an urban river flood three-dimensional inundation analysis method based on oblique photography.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, this embodiment specifically includes the following steps:
step one, oblique photography aviation flying: use many rotor unmanned aerial vehicle from looking down and four look sideways at five different directions in total and gather the image, acquire high-resolution texture information and unmanned aerial vehicle from the high accuracy POS data of taking of building top and side in the key area of urban area flood control. The flight height and the flight overlapping degree of the unmanned aerial vehicle are controlled, the average resolution of an original image is guaranteed to be within 5cm, and the overlapping degree meets the requirement of inclined three-dimensional modeling.
And step two, measuring the ground image control points, and uniformly distributing the image control points at intervals of 500 meters according to the shape of the measuring area to ensure that a circle of image control points are distributed on the periphery of the measuring area. The purpose of the image control points is to control the geographic coordinate accuracy of the subsequent three-dimensional model and the high accuracy DSM.
And step three, along a certain section of the river needing flood submerging analysis, obtaining flood level elevations and node coordinates of river nodes in a mode of acquiring real-time data of hydrological stations and the like, generating a vector line along the center line of the river channel through interpolation between the nodes, knowing the flood level elevations of the vector line nodes, and endowing the elevations of points on the vector line between the two nodes in a mode of interpolation between the two adjacent nodes. The elevation value of each point on the vector line is the elevation value of the simulated river flood at the position, and the elevation values of each point on the vector line are different in places theoretically;
and step four, importing the inclined aviation flying original image, the high-precision POS and the ground image control point result of the field aviation flying into inclined modeling software ContextCapture to perform inclined air triangulation data processing, and finally outputting an inclined three-dimensional model and a corresponding high-precision DSM result through the steps of multi-view dense matching, an air-three free network, image stabbing control, an air-three control network and the like. The tilt model is then singulated using DPModeller software while gathering economic data of humanity that inundate urban areas.
Integrating and coordinate registering an urban inclined three-dimensional model and a river channel central vector line based on a Skyline GIS platform TerraExplorer Pro, unifying a coordinate system and an elevation reference, and endowing each building of the three-dimensional model with humanistic economic attribute data;
and sixthly, carrying out secondary development based on skyline and ArcEngine, and programming to realize the generation of the three-dimensional submerged water surface based on the high-precision DSM and the river channel central vector line. Taking river flood inundation between two adjacent flood level coordinate points measured in field as an example, a two-dimensional array Z (i, j) of an ArryList type for judging and calculating flood inundation and a boolean array for marking are newly established, and elements in the two arrays correspond to corresponding grid points of high-precision DSM data (grid data in a geotif format). And the value of the two-dimensional array Z (i, j) is the flood elevation value from the grid point corresponding to the element to the perpendicular point of the river channel central flood waterline. Setting a submerged source point, adding the submerged source point into a two-dimensional array, assigning a True to a corresponding Boolean array, searching surrounding eight-neighborhood grids from the source point, adding a point (H is an elevation value of a position corresponding to DSM grid data) meeting Z (i, j) less than or equal to H into the two-dimensional array, marking the corresponding Boolean array and assigning True, removing a first grid point, taking the first index point in the two-dimensional array as a point in the initial submerged source point neighborhood, performing eight-neighborhood search circulation by taking the first index point as the submerged source point, and ending the circulation until the two-dimensional array is empty. And finally, the True mark of the Boolean array completely records the inundation range of the flood.
Step seven: and (4) guiding the three-dimensional submerging water surface generated in the fifth step into a skyline platform, and registering the three-dimensional submerging water surface with the inclined three-dimensional model to obtain high-precision flood three-dimensional submerging simulation, wherein the heights of the submerging water surfaces at different places are different, so that the real flood submerging condition is more consistent, and the specific submerging condition (how many layers are submerged) of each building in the submerging area is completely and visually and accurately displayed. Meanwhile, the three-dimensional submerged water surface and the single inclined three-dimensional model are subjected to superposition analysis, so that the disaster loss condition and distribution of the submerged area can be rapidly and quantitatively counted in a chart form and displayed on the three-dimensional model, a decision maker can conveniently and rapidly and accurately make a flood fighting and disaster relief strategy, the disaster relief efficiency is improved, and the loss is reduced.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes in the embodiments and/or modifications of the invention can be made, and equivalents and modifications of some features of the invention can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (2)
1. A three-dimensional inundation analysis method for urban river flood based on oblique photography is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, oblique photography aviation flying;
secondly, measuring ground image control points;
step three, along a certain section of a river needing flood submerging analysis, obtaining flood level elevations and node coordinates of river nodes in a mode of obtaining real-time data of a hydrological station, and generating a vector line along a central line of the river channel through interpolation between the nodes, wherein the elevation value of each point on the vector line is the elevation value of the simulated river channel flood level, and the elevation value of each point on the vector line is different in places theoretically;
generating an inclined three-dimensional model and generating a corresponding high-precision DSM result; the tilt model is subjected to singleization, and meanwhile, the human economic data submerging the urban area are collected;
integrating and coordinate registering the inclined three-dimensional model of the urban area and the river channel center vector line based on the Skyline GIS platform, and endowing each building of the urban area with humanistic economic attribute data;
step six, carrying out secondary development based on skyline and ArcEngine, and programming to realize generation of three-dimensional submerged water surface based on high-precision DSM and river channel central vector line; calculating the submerging water surface by simulating the natural process of flowing of the flood submerging flood in the urban area and using an improved eight-flow-direction seed submerging algorithm;
step seven: and (4) guiding the three-dimensional submerging water surface generated in the fifth step into a skyline platform, and registering the three-dimensional submerging water surface with the inclined three-dimensional model to obtain the high-precision flood three-dimensional submerging simulation.
2. The urban river flood three-dimensional inundation analysis method based on oblique photography according to claim 1, wherein a mode of a havar 4-axis 8-rotor double-electric unmanned aerial vehicle MEGA-V8III and a 4-axis 8-rotor with a rear difference module is adopted in the step one.
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113884051A (en) * | 2021-09-24 | 2022-01-04 | 重庆市勘测院 | Method and device for acquiring submerged area of building and electronic equipment |
| CN114332658A (en) * | 2022-01-14 | 2022-04-12 | 北京铁科特种工程技术有限公司 | Railway engineering equipment and surrounding environment hidden danger investigation method based on unmanned aerial vehicle inspection |
| CN116150548A (en) * | 2023-04-17 | 2023-05-23 | 云南省水利水电科学研究院 | River flood inundation range calculation method |
| CN116431964A (en) * | 2023-04-20 | 2023-07-14 | 浙江省水利河口研究院(浙江省海洋规划设计研究院) | Run-length stripping method for generating complex river network water system skeleton line |
| CN117708489A (en) * | 2024-02-06 | 2024-03-15 | 湖南能源大数据中心有限责任公司 | Flood inundation assessment method and system based on DEM and DSM |
| CN116431964B (en) * | 2023-04-20 | 2024-04-19 | 浙江省水利河口研究院(浙江省海洋规划设计研究院) | Run-length stripping method for generating complex river network water system skeleton line |
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| CN113884051A (en) * | 2021-09-24 | 2022-01-04 | 重庆市勘测院 | Method and device for acquiring submerged area of building and electronic equipment |
| CN113884051B (en) * | 2021-09-24 | 2023-12-05 | 重庆市勘测院 | Method and device for acquiring submerged area of building and electronic equipment |
| CN114332658A (en) * | 2022-01-14 | 2022-04-12 | 北京铁科特种工程技术有限公司 | Railway engineering equipment and surrounding environment hidden danger investigation method based on unmanned aerial vehicle inspection |
| CN114332658B (en) * | 2022-01-14 | 2023-11-07 | 北京铁科特种工程技术有限公司 | Unmanned aerial vehicle inspection-based method for inspecting hidden danger of railway working equipment and surrounding environment |
| CN116150548A (en) * | 2023-04-17 | 2023-05-23 | 云南省水利水电科学研究院 | River flood inundation range calculation method |
| CN116150548B (en) * | 2023-04-17 | 2023-07-21 | 云南省水利水电科学研究院 | River flood inundation range calculation method |
| CN116431964A (en) * | 2023-04-20 | 2023-07-14 | 浙江省水利河口研究院(浙江省海洋规划设计研究院) | Run-length stripping method for generating complex river network water system skeleton line |
| CN116431964B (en) * | 2023-04-20 | 2024-04-19 | 浙江省水利河口研究院(浙江省海洋规划设计研究院) | Run-length stripping method for generating complex river network water system skeleton line |
| CN117708489A (en) * | 2024-02-06 | 2024-03-15 | 湖南能源大数据中心有限责任公司 | Flood inundation assessment method and system based on DEM and DSM |
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