CN111783270A - Construction progress digital simulation method based on BIM technology - Google Patents
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Abstract
A construction progress digital simulation method based on a BIM technology comprises the following steps: preparing in an early stage; importing a progress schedule and a three-dimensional model; the model recycling and assigning tasks comprise an initial model recycling and assigning task in a design stage and a dynamic model recycling and assigning task in actual construction; setting a task; simulating a manufacturing process; and (6) exporting the resources. And the resource recycling and task endowing of the model are divided into dynamic resource allocation of key lines and non-relevant lines displayed on a Gantt chart on the BIM, and the dynamic resource allocation is fed back to the BIM platform in time to update in real time to guide operation, so that resources in the project are exhausted to carry out internal resource scheduling, the overall running cost of the project is lowest, and the total construction period is not influenced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of construction progress control, in particular to a construction progress digital simulation method based on a BIM technology.
Background
The BIM technology is visual 4D construction simulation software with a mature construction progress plan management function, provides a digital technology with high data interoperability, and promotes the construction industry to evolve from traditional two-dimensional planning and independent workflow into a highly collaborative and efficient four-dimensional visualization and VDC project management process. It provides a single technical solution specifically, helping to analyze, edit and track the entire project and achieve accurate visualization, including project schedule and provisional tasks. The visualization function and the environment with rich data help all personnel to participate in the clearly visible process, including bidding, construction and handover optimization of various types of construction projects, so that the projects can be continuously improved, waste is avoided and value is increased.
The spatial information and the time information are integrated in a visual 4D model, and the construction process of the whole building is intuitively and accurately reflected. In the construction process, a construction plan is reasonably formulated, the construction progress is accurately mastered in a dynamic mode, construction resources are optimally used, site arrangement is scientifically carried out, the construction progress, resources and quality of the whole project are uniformly managed and controlled, and the purposes of shortening the construction period, reducing the cost and improving the quality are achieved.
However, the management and control of the construction progress in the application of the BIM technology in the prior art are not mature, especially the scheduling and distribution problems of various resources which restrict the construction progress and the connection problem of the front and rear processes, and the BIM technology provides the visual display function of the Gantt chart, but whether the planning is optimal or not, and specific dynamic management and control such as leeway in an emergency situation are lack of management and control methods, which restrict the management and control of the construction progress.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is provided to solve the problems posed by the background art, and the present invention is further described below.
A construction progress digital simulation method based on a BIM technology comprises the following steps:
step 1: the method comprises the steps of early-stage preparation, wherein the early-stage preparation specifically comprises the steps of collecting a project progress schedule, familiarizing a construction organization design scheme, creating a three-dimensional model, and combing and optimizing the three-dimensional model, and the step is carried out according to the construction organization design scheme formulated by the types of different construction projects and the actual conditions of each construction unit;
step 2, importing the progress schedule and the three-dimensional model, wherein for the construction progress schedule, the BIM platform provides a function of direct import, thereby avoiding errors caused by artificial time schedule creation, saving a large amount of time and improving the working efficiency;
and step 3: the model recycling and assigning tasks comprise an initial model recycling and assigning task in a design stage and a dynamic model recycling and assigning task in actual construction;
the model is resourced, even if each component or construction package matches a corresponding category, the assigning task is to assign various resources, including human resources, materials, equipment and other resources, to the selected task, so that the model is associated with the schedule in the BIM model;
step 4, setting a task, namely displaying an appearance of the building, including the color, the transparency, the presentation mode in an initial state, the color and the transparency after the completion state and the like, so that the simulation process is clearer and more definite;
and 5, simulating a production flow, wherein animation production is an important link of later-stage expression, and the functional module is divided into two parts through an animation editor functional module: the progress schedule comprises FocusTime corresponding to the condition of work completion in the progress schedule; secondly, Camera, which should match FocusTime, namely the lens moves along with the key point, so as to complete the simulation manufacture;
step 6: export, for the construction simulation usually will be shown in the achievement form of video, also provide this function in BIM platform, can export the video after animation is accomplished.
Further, in the step 3, the dynamic model resource allocation and assignment task includes dynamic resource allocation of a critical line and dynamic resource allocation of a non-critical line in the gantt chart.
The dynamic resource allocation of the key line comprises the following steps:
determining the resource quantity Q which is to be in short supply of the key working procedures, namely the working days and the machine shifts;
collecting the related resources of the non-key processes parallel to the resources, and if the total quantity collected is not less than the resource quantity Q lacking in the key processes, selecting the resource quantity in the non-key processes from large to small until the required resource quantity Q is met for scheduling the key processes; if the total amount is less than the resource amount Q of the critical process, calling the insufficient part from the related resources of the non-critical process which is not started subsequently;
sequencing the related resources of the subsequent non-key processes, summarizing the resource amount in the subsequent optional non-key processes, if the total amount of the resources is not less than the resource amount insufficient by the key processes, selecting the resource amount in the non-key processes from large to small or from far to near in time until the required resource amount is met for scheduling and using the key processes, if the total amount is less than the resource amount Q which is in short supply by the key processes, namely the free time difference FF of all the non-key processesi-jWhen the number of the scheduled maximum quantities is 0, namely all the scheduled maximum quantities are still insufficient, the further scheduling needs to be carried out from the related resources of the non-critical process;
at this time, the maximum amount of adjustment, i.e., the total time difference TF of any parallel or subsequent non-critical processi-jMaximum value of the amount of adjustment at 0, total time difference TFi-jWhen the maximum value of the adjusting quantity is 0 and meets the tight shortage quantity, if the adjusting quantity of a plurality of processes meets the requirement, parallel non-critical processes are selected for scheduling, and when parallel allocable processes do not exist, the non-critical process with the farthest time interval of the process can be selected for scheduling; when the total time difference TFi-jIf the maximum value of the amount of blending at 0 does not satisfy the amount of tight shortage, all resources within the project are exhausted and the amount of tight shortage of resources is not satisfied, and at this time, resources must be blended from the outside.
Further, the non-critical process reserves 2/3 the total time difference TF when the amount of the resource allowed to be dispatched is the total amount that can be dispatchedi-j1/3 is the amount of blending at 0.
When non-key process resource is dynamically adjusted, whether the shortage is less than the free time difference FF or not is consideredi-jIf the resource quantity which can be called out is 0, the resource quantity has no influence on the subsequent process and is not processed, and if the resource quantity reaches or exceeds the threshold value, the resource can be scheduled from the non-critical process which is parallel to the resource quantity or is subsequent to the resource quantity according to the resource allocation step of the critical line, so that the resource is ensured not to become the critical process.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the method utilizes the BIM technology to carry out digital simulation on the construction progress, carries out internal dynamic scheduling control aiming at the practical resource shortage, realizes the optimal scheduling of the resource in space and time, and ensures that the construction period is not influenced at the lowest cost; when the resources are dispatched from the non-key processes, the allocable resources within the free time difference are preferably selected, namely, the follow-up work is not influenced, and when the resource is insufficient, the resources are allocated within the total time difference of a certain non-key process so as to prevent the resource from becoming a key process; when the scheduling is yes, the non-critical process parallel to the scheduling is considered in a limited way to meet the requirement of minimizing the cost of spatial scheduling, or the non-critical process with the farthest time interval meets the requirement of being flexible in time; the invention can exhaust the resources in the project to carry out internal scheduling of the resources, has the lowest overall operation cost of the project and does not influence the total construction period.
Detailed Description
A specific embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below.
A construction progress digital simulation method based on a BIM technology comprises the following steps:
step 1: the method comprises the steps of early-stage preparation, wherein the early-stage preparation specifically comprises the steps of collecting a project progress schedule, familiarizing a construction organization design scheme, creating a three-dimensional model, and combing and optimizing the three-dimensional model, and the step is carried out according to the construction organization design scheme formulated by the types of different construction projects and the actual conditions of each construction unit;
step 2, importing the progress schedule and the three-dimensional model, wherein for the construction progress schedule, the BIM platform provides a function of direct import, thereby avoiding errors caused by artificial time schedule creation, saving a large amount of time and improving the working efficiency;
and step 3: the model recycling and assigning tasks comprise an initial model recycling and assigning task in a design stage and a dynamic model recycling and assigning task in actual construction;
the model is resourced, even if each component or construction package matches a corresponding category, the assigning task is to assign various resources, including human resources, materials, equipment and other resources, to the selected task, so that the model is associated with the schedule in the BIM model;
step 4, setting a task, namely displaying an appearance of the building, including the color, the transparency, the presentation mode in an initial state, the color and the transparency after the completion state and the like, so that the simulation process is clearer and more definite;
and 5, simulating a production flow, wherein animation production is an important link of later-stage expression, and the functional module is divided into two parts through an animation editor functional module: the progress schedule comprises FocusTime corresponding to the condition of work completion in the progress schedule; secondly, Camera, which should match FocusTime, namely the lens moves along with the key point, so as to complete the simulation manufacture;
step 6: export, for the construction simulation usually will be shown in the achievement form of video, also provide this function in BIM platform, can export the video after animation is accomplished.
How to associate the model with the schedule plan in the BIM platform is an important step, namely step 4 is a core step, corresponding resource conditions are visualized in corresponding time periods, project names are sequentially selected in Gantt charts, corresponding resources are selected in resource columns, the resources are clicked right, and the resource assignment to each process is selected.
In the step 4, the initial model resource utilization and the task assignment in the initial design stage are completed according to the construction organization design, and resource utilization check can be performed in the BIM platform through the subsequent steps, namely the connection relation and the parallel relation among the working procedures and the resource conditions allocated to the working procedures are visually seen;
in the actual construction process, uncontrollable factors are excessive, only the influences of manpower, materials and equipment are considered in practice, and the current BIM technology only provides management and control of the three types of resources actually.
The total construction period T of the construction, that is, the time length displayed by the longest day link in the cross-road map, that is, the so-called "key link", can be obviously obtained from the cross-road map in the BIM, the process on the key link is a key process, and the core of dynamic control lies in the control of the key process.
In common, the start time of the first step to start is 0, and for any step Pi-jThere are several key parameters: earliest start time ESi-jThe earliest completion time EFi-jLatest start time LSi-jLatest completion time LFi-jTotal time difference TFi-jFree time difference FFi-jDuration of operation Di-j；
Wherein the earliest start time ESi-jMeans that the working procedure P is completed after all the work before each worki-jTime of onset, earliest completion time EFi-jMeans that the working procedure P is completed after all the work before each worki-jTime of completion, latest start time LSi-jMeans that the process P is carried out on the premise of not influencing the total construction periodi-jLatest time that must be started, latest completion time LFi-jMeans that the process P is carried out on the premise of not influencing the total construction periodi-jThe latest time that must be completed, the total time difference TFi-jMeans that the process P is carried out on the premise of not influencing the total construction periodi-jAvailable maneuver time, free time difference FFi-jMeans that the step P is performed without affecting the subsequent stepsi-jAvailable maneuver time, duration of operation Di-jMeans that the process P is completedi-jTime of (d).
The data can be obtained by unique calculation from the display data of BIM crosswalk chart directly or according to definition according to mathematical meaning relationship, wherein, P is as followsh-jIs Pi-jStep (2) immediately before step (P)j-kIs Pi-jThe subsequent step (2):
EFi-j＝ESi-j+Di-j；
ESi-j＝max{EFh-i} or ESi-j＝max{ESh-i+Dh-i}；
LSi-j＝LFi-j-Di-j；
LFi-j＝min{LSj-k} or LFi-j＝min{LFj-k-Dj-k}；
For the most critical resource management and control judgment according to the total time difference TFi-jFree time difference FFi-jIs calculated as follows:
TFi-j＝LSi-j-ESi-jor TFi-j＝LFi-j-EFi-j；
FFi-j＝ESj-k-EFi-jOr FFi-j＝ESj-k-ESi-j-Di-j。
According to total time difference TFi-jFree time difference FFi-jThe method specifically comprises the steps of scheduling critical processes on a critical line and scheduling processes on a non-critical line, and can know whether the critical processes on the critical line directly influence the total construction period or not, and the processes on the non-critical line only have the total time difference TF exceeding the processi-jAnd further, the critical line is changed to influence the total construction period, in other words, critical processes on the critical line must be guaranteed preferentially, and processes on non-critical lines only have total time difference TF exceeding the processi-jScheduling resource guarantees need to be made.
In the construction process, when the total construction period is delayed due to resource shortage in critical processes, the embodiment adopts resource scheduling inside a project, the budget is made at the initial time due to the workload of the project, the budget is greatly deviated due to out-of-project scheduling in the process, the internal allocation cost is the lowest in time and space transfer, and the utilization rate of resources and time can be greatly improved. As can be seen from the above description, the present embodiment employs related resource scheduling from subsequent or parallel non-critical processes, and after resource scheduling, the working duration D of the non-critical processi-jWill be extended and thus the amount of blending will need to be strictControlling so that the maximum amount of adjustment is the free time difference FFi-jSpecifically, the scheduling is performed as follows:
determining the resource quantity Q lacking in the key working procedures, namely the working days and the machine shifts;
summarizing the parallel non-key process related resources, and if the total amount of the summarized resources is not less than the critical process shortage resource amount Q, selecting the resource amount in the non-key process from large to small until the required resource amount Q is met for the scheduling of the key process; if the total amount is less than the resource amount Q of the critical process, calling the insufficient part from the related resources of the non-critical process which is not started subsequently;
sequencing the related resources of the subsequent non-key processes, summarizing the resource quantity in the subsequent optional non-key processes, if the total amount of the summarized resources is not less than the resource quantity insufficient by the key processes, selecting the resource quantity in the non-key processes from large to small or from far to near until the required resource quantity is met for scheduling and using of the key processes, if the total quantity is less than the resource quantity Q which is in short supply by the key processes, namely the free time difference FF of all the non-key processesi-jWhen the number of the scheduled maximum quantities is 0, namely all the scheduled maximum quantities are still insufficient, the further scheduling needs to be carried out from the related resources of the non-critical process;
at this time, the maximum amount of adjustment, i.e., the total time difference TF of any parallel or subsequent non-critical processi-jMaximum value of the amount of adjustment at 0, total time difference TFi-jWhen the maximum value of the adjusting quantity is 0 and meets the tight shortage quantity, if the adjusting quantity of a plurality of processes meets the requirement, parallel non-critical processes are selected for scheduling, and when parallel allocable processes do not exist, the non-critical process with the farthest time interval of the process can be selected for scheduling; when the total time difference TFi-jIf the maximum value of the amount of blending at 0 does not satisfy the amount of tight shortage, all resources within the project are exhausted and the amount of tight shortage of resources is not satisfied, and at this time, resources must be blended from the outside.
In a preferred embodiment, non-critical processes to prevent resource allocation are shown in Gantt chart for resource allocationThe critical process, this embodiment adds a certain limit to the amount of resources allowed to be transferred, preferably 2/3 of the total amount can be allocated, i.e. the total time difference TF is reservedi-j1/3 is the amount of blending at 0.
When the non-critical process is in short supply of resources, whether the short supply is less than the free time difference FF of the non-critical process is consideredi-jIf the resource quantity which can be called out is 0, the resource quantity has no influence on the subsequent process and is not processed, and if the resource quantity reaches or exceeds the threshold value, the resource can be scheduled from the non-critical process which is parallel to the critical process or the subsequent non-critical process according to the resource allocation steps of the critical circuit, so that the critical process is not ensured.
After each scheduling change, a dynamic visual display is formed in a Gantt chart on the BIM platform, and the dynamic updating is synchronously carried out in the subsequent steps.
The method utilizes the BIM technology to carry out digital simulation on the construction progress, carries out internal dynamic scheduling control aiming at the practical resource shortage, realizes the optimal scheduling of the resource in space and time, and ensures that the construction period is not influenced at the lowest cost; when the resources are dispatched from the non-key processes, the allocable resources within the free time difference are preferably selected, namely, the follow-up work is not influenced, and when the resource is insufficient, the resources are allocated within the total time difference of a certain non-key process so as to prevent the resource from becoming a key process; when the scheduling is yes, the non-critical process parallel to the scheduling is considered in a limited way to meet the requirement of minimizing the cost of spatial scheduling, or the non-critical process with the farthest time interval meets the requirement of being flexible in time; the invention can exhaust the resources in the project to carry out internal scheduling of the resources, has the lowest overall operation cost of the project and does not influence the total construction period.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A construction progress digital simulation method based on BIM technology is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: the method comprises the steps of early-stage preparation, wherein the early-stage preparation specifically comprises the steps of collecting a project progress schedule, familiarizing a construction organization design scheme, creating a three-dimensional model, and combing and optimizing the three-dimensional model, and the step is carried out according to the construction organization design scheme formulated by the types of different construction projects and the actual conditions of each construction unit;
step 2, importing the progress schedule and the three-dimensional model, wherein for the construction progress schedule, the BIM platform provides a function of direct import, thereby avoiding errors caused by artificial time schedule creation, saving a large amount of time and improving the working efficiency;
and step 3: the model recycling and assigning tasks comprise an initial model recycling and assigning task in a design stage and a dynamic model recycling and assigning task in actual construction;
the model is resourced, even if each component or construction package matches a corresponding category, the assigning task is to assign various resources, including human resources, materials, equipment and other resources, to the selected task, so that the model is associated with the schedule in the BIM model;
step 4, setting a task, namely displaying an appearance of the building, including the color, the transparency, the presentation mode in an initial state, the color and the transparency after the completion state and the like, so that the simulation process is clearer and more definite;
and 5, simulating a production flow, wherein animation production is an important link of later-stage expression, and the functional module is divided into two parts through an animation editor functional module: the progress schedule comprises FocusTime corresponding to the condition of work completion in the progress schedule; secondly, Camera, which should match FocusTime, namely the lens moves along with the key point, so as to complete the simulation manufacture;
step 6: export, for the construction simulation usually will be shown in the achievement form of video, also provide this function in BIM platform, can export the video after animation is accomplished.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step 3, the dynamic model resource utilization and assignment tasks include dynamic resource allocation of critical lines and dynamic resource allocation of non-critical lines in Gantt chart.
3. The BIM technology-based construction progress digital simulation method according to claim 2, characterized by comprising the steps of:
determining the resource quantity Q which is to be in short supply of the key working procedures, namely the working days and the machine shifts;
collecting the related resources of the non-key processes parallel to the resources, and if the total quantity collected is not less than the resource quantity Q lacking in the key processes, selecting the resource quantity in the non-key processes from large to small until the required resource quantity Q is met for scheduling the key processes; if the total amount is less than the resource amount Q of the critical process, calling the insufficient part from the related resources of the non-critical process which is not started subsequently;
sequencing the related resources of the subsequent non-key processes, summarizing the resource amount in the subsequent optional non-key processes, if the total amount of the resources is not less than the resource amount insufficient by the key processes, selecting the resource amount in the non-key processes from large to small or from far to near in time until the required resource amount is met for scheduling and using the key processes, if the total amount is less than the resource amount Q which is in short supply by the key processes, namely the free time difference FF of all the non-key processesi-jWhen the number of the scheduled maximum quantities is 0, namely all the scheduled maximum quantities are still insufficient, the further scheduling needs to be carried out from the related resources of the non-critical process;
at this time, the maximum amount of adjustment, i.e., the total time difference TF of any parallel or subsequent non-critical processi-jMaximum value of the amount of adjustment at 0, total time difference TFi-jWhen the maximum value of the adjusting quantity is 0 and meets the tight shortage quantity, if the adjusting quantity of a plurality of processes meets the requirement, parallel non-critical processes are selected for scheduling, and when parallel allocable processes do not exist, the non-critical process with the farthest time interval of the process can be selected for scheduling; when the total time difference TFi-jThe maximum value of the amount of blending at 0 does not satisfy the shortageAt this time, it is exhausted that all resources in the project still cannot meet the shortage of resources, and at this time, resource allocation must be performed from the outside.
4. The BIM technology-based construction progress digital simulation method according to claim 3, characterized in that: the non-critical procedure reserves the total time difference TF at 2/3 allowing the amount of the resource to be dispatched to be the total amount that can be dispatchedi-j1/3 is the amount of blending at 0.
5. The BIM technology-based construction progress digital simulation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: when the non-critical process is in short supply of resources, whether the short supply is less than the free time difference FF of the non-critical process is consideredi-jIf the resource quantity which can be called out is 0, the resource quantity has no influence on the subsequent process and is not processed, and if the resource quantity reaches or exceeds the threshold value, the resource can be scheduled from the non-critical process which is parallel to the resource quantity or is subsequent to the resource quantity according to the resource allocation step of the critical line, so that the resource is ensured not to become the critical process.
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Application publication date: 20201016 Assignee: Lushan City Branch of China Railway Water Resources Information Technology Co.,Ltd. Assignor: China Railway Water Resources Information Technology Co.,Ltd. Contract record no.: X2023980044093 Denomination of invention: A Digital Simulation Method for Construction Progress Based on BIM Technology Granted publication date: 20210903 License type: Common License Record date: 20231020 |