CN111781440A - Open type microcomputer relay protection experiment system and method - Google Patents

Open type microcomputer relay protection experiment system and method Download PDF

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CN111781440A
CN111781440A CN202010483062.8A CN202010483062A CN111781440A CN 111781440 A CN111781440 A CN 111781440A CN 202010483062 A CN202010483062 A CN 202010483062A CN 111781440 A CN111781440 A CN 111781440A
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relay protection
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张�杰
王晓刚
黄泽锦
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Guangzhou University
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Abstract

The invention discloses an open microcomputer relay protection experimental system and a method, wherein the system comprises a remote management computer used by a teacher, a microcomputer relay protection tester, a microcomputer relay protection device, a simulation protection execution device and an experimental terminal used by an experimenter; the microcomputer relay protection device is provided with an autonomous experimental link comprising fault measurement circuit (signal conditioning circuit) design and algorithm program (fault measurement algorithm and relay protection algorithm program) research and writing.

Description

Open type microcomputer relay protection experiment system and method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of protection, control and automation of power systems, in particular to an open type microcomputer relay protection experiment system and method.
Background
The relay protection of the power system is a first line of defense for ensuring the safe and stable operation of the power system. The basic requirements of the power system on the relay protection device are speed, selectivity, sensitivity and reliability.
The relay protection of the power system has realized the transformation from the traditional physical relay combined protection mode to the microcomputer protection mode, and shows a digital trend. The microcomputer protection adopts the operation logic of a software program to replace the combinational logic of a physical relay element, and the teaching object is abstracted.
At present, college laboratories generally adopt complete equipment produced by teaching equipment manufacturers to develop relay protection experiments of power systems. The microcomputer relay protection experimental device in the traditional complete equipment generally adopts a closed structure design, an experimenter performs operation according to a set experimental wiring and keyboard setting parameter mode to complete an experiment, the design and programming of hardware design, debugging and protection algorithms in the microcomputer relay protection device cannot be involved, and the digital protection process and the realization principle thereof are difficult to be deeply understood. In addition, the traditional relay protection experimental device adopts a highly laboratory experimental principle simulation design concept, and a large difference exists between experimental operation and actual engineering application. Moreover, the complete equipment of manufacturers usually adopts a platform type design, and has large volume and high price.
In summary, there is a need in the industry to develop a low-cost microcomputer relay protection experimental system designed by adopting open and design experimental concepts.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides an open microcomputer relay protection experiment system which is open and embodies the autonomy experiment of students.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
an open microcomputer relay protection experimental system is characterized by comprising: the system comprises a remote management computer, a microcomputer relay protection tester, a microcomputer relay protection device, a simulation protection execution device and an experiment terminal used by an experimenter, wherein the remote management computer is used by a teacher; the remote management computer is provided with an experiment management program and is used for remotely operating the microcomputer relay protection tester to generate a fault signal simulating a fault of the power system, receiving experiment data which are reported by the microcomputer relay protection device and contain fault measurement results and protection instructions, and automatically grading the experiment data according to a score evaluation rule; after the experiment is finished, analyzing the experimental data and generating an evaluation report; the microcomputer relay protection tester is used for generating a fault signal simulating a power system fault according to a remote management computer instruction and sending the fault signal to the microcomputer relay protection experimental device; the microcomputer relay protection device is used for measuring the fault signal according to a fault measurement algorithm compiled by an experimenter to obtain a fault measurement result, executing a relay protection algorithm program according to the fault measurement result to obtain a corresponding protection instruction, sending the protection instruction to the simulation protection execution device, and simultaneously sending experiment data containing the fault measurement result and the protection instruction to the remote management computer; the simulation protection executing device is used for simulating the opening and closing actions of the power switch by using the relay actions according to the protection instructions; the experimental terminal is used for an experimenter to design a signal conditioning circuit according to a microcomputer relay protection project to be tested, and compile and debug fault measurement algorithm and relay protection algorithm programs.
Preferably, the experimental terminal comprises: a simulator and a field computer installed with embedded system development software; and the field computer is connected to the microcomputer relay protection device through the simulator.
Preferably, the microcomputer relay protection device comprises a PT/CT mutual inductor, a signal conditioning circuit, an AD sampling chip and a microcontroller, wherein the PT/CT mutual inductor, the signal conditioning circuit, the AD sampling chip and the microcontroller are sequentially connected; the microcomputer relay protection tester sends a fault signal to the PT/CT mutual inductor through a test line; the signal conditioning circuit is a pluggable modular circuit.
Preferably, the microcomputer relay protection device is further provided with an Ethernet interface, an input/output interface, a debugging interface, an extended memory EEPROM, a keyboard and a liquid crystal touch screen LCD. The remote management computer is communicated with the microcomputer relay protection device through an Ethernet interface, the microcomputer relay protection device obtains the state of a field switch through an input/output interface and sends a protection instruction to the simulation protection execution device, and the simulator is communicated with the microcomputer relay protection device through a debugging interface; the expansion memory EEPROM is used for storing information such as experimental data; the keyboard is used for being matched with the LCD to set and look up device parameters, and the experiment application key sends a READY experiment signal to the remote computer; the liquid crystal touch screen LCD is used for displaying information such as experimental fault measurement results and protection instructions on site and providing touch parameter setting and consulting functions.
An experiment method based on the open type microcomputer relay protection experiment system comprises the following steps:
experiment first stage: carrying out experiment design according to the microcomputer relay protection project to be tested and completing a preview report;
experiment second stage: completing an experiment according to the experimental design and cooperation of a teacher to obtain an experimental result P1;
and (3) experimental third stage: the experimenter completes the experiment report according to the experiment process and the experiment result, the teacher determines the result P2 according to the preview report, the experiment operation condition and the experiment report, and obtains the total result P according to the experiment result P1 and the result P2finAnd automatically generating an experimental teaching analysis report.
Preferably, the experimental design comprises the steps of determining the simulated power system, the fault position and the fault type thereof according to the experimental principle of the microcomputer relay protection project to be tested; calculating the fault characteristic value of the simulated power system, determining a relay protection setting value, finishing the design of a default signal conditioning circuit, and finishing the programming of a default fault measurement algorithm and a relay protection algorithm program.
Preferably, the experimental second phase report comprises:
s21, the experimenter inserts the designed signal conditioning circuit into the microcomputer relay protection device, and loads the parallel online debugging of the compiled fault measurement algorithm and relay protection algorithm program through the experimental terminal;
s22, the teacher starts the remote management computer to perform self-checking, the experimenter connects wires according to the experiment system diagram, powers on the wires and executes a self-checking program, and the experimenter sends a READY signal to the remote management computer after completing the self-checking without errors;
s23, the remote management computer sends out an experiment START instruction START, and simultaneously the remote operation microcomputer relay protection tester sends out a fault signal;
s24, the microcomputer relay protection tester sends out corresponding fault signals according to the remote computer instructions, and the microcomputer relay protection experimental device executes the fault measurement algorithm and the relay protection algorithm program after receiving the START instructions;
s25, the microcomputer relay protection experimental device sends a tripping and closing protection instruction to the simulation execution device according to the execution result of the relay protection program; meanwhile, fault measurement data and protection instructions are sent to a remote management computer through the Ethernet;
s26, the simulation execution device executes corresponding relay action according to the protection instruction, and sends out a field indication signal in the forms of the on-off of a signal lamp and the warning sound of a buzzer;
s27, the remote management computer receives the experimental data reported by the microcomputer relay protection experimental device, records the data and automatically evaluates the experimental result, and issues the experimental result and an OVER instruction announcing the end of the experiment through the Ethernet;
and S28, analyzing the experimental data according to the experimental result by the experimental group, modifying the signal conditioning circuit and the algorithm program, perfecting the experimental scheme, repeatedly executing the steps S21-S28, sending an END instruction of finishing the experiment by the remote computer after N experiments are finished, executing the operation of quitting the experiment by the experimental group, and finally obtaining the experimental result P1.
Preferably, the test achievement P1 and the achievement P2 respectively account for 50% of scores, the test achievement P1 is determined by the correctness of the protection action, the rapidity of the protection action and the accuracy of fault measurement, the indexes are P1(1), P1(2) and P1(3), and the calculation formula of the achievement P1 is that
Figure BDA0002517983080000041
The score P2 scores are P2(1), P2(2) and P2(3), and the calculation formula of the score P2 is
Figure BDA0002517983080000042
Final Performance P of the Experimental groupfinIs the best result of N experiments, and the calculation formula is Pfin=max{P(1),P(2),…,P(N)}。
Preferably, the experimental method further comprises: and the LCD of the microcomputer relay protection experimental device displays the fault measurement result and the protection information on site.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the software and hardware of the invention have high openness, and the design experiment links of modular circuit (signal conditioning circuit) design and algorithm program (fault measurement algorithm and relay protection algorithm program) are set in a targeted manner, so that an experimenter can participate in developing, researching and applying a microcomputer relay protection device, the understanding and mastering of the experimenter on abstract knowledge points are promoted, the innovation capability culture is facilitated, and the invention is particularly suitable for teaching in colleges and universities;
2. the invention sets a diversified experiment evaluation mechanism, has the characteristics of strong pertinence, high reflection degree and comprehensive investigation on the investigation of the relay protection experiment, and has a more objective and fair way of automatically recording the program and implementing the evaluation;
3. according to the invention, experimental teaching is carried out by adopting a self-control device (a microcomputer relay protection device and an analog protection execution device), self-control software and a microcomputer relay protection tester, scientific research and industrial application level equipment resources of colleges and universities and teacher development and design capabilities are fully utilized, potential advantages of colleges and universities are brought into play, and scientific education fusion and birth education fusion are realized;
4. the invention has the advantage of flexible expansion, can flexibly increase experimental items and contents on the premise of not increasing the cost investment, and even can increase the number of microcomputer relay protection devices participating in the experiment.
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The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an open microcomputer relay protection experimental system of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a table of evaluation of the results of the experiment according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples.
Referring to fig. 1, an open microcomputer relay protection experimental system includes: the system comprises a remote management computer, a microcomputer relay protection tester, a microcomputer relay protection device, an analog protection execution device and an experiment terminal used by an experimenter, wherein the remote management computer is used by a teacher.
In this embodiment, the microcomputer relay protection device includes a PT/CT transformer, a signal conditioning circuit, an AD sampling chip, and a microcontroller, where the PT/CT transformer, the signal conditioning circuit, the AD sampling chip, and the microcontroller are connected in sequence; the signal conditioning circuit is used for preprocessing fault signals (voltage and current signals) of an analog power system sensed by the PT/CT mutual inductor, the purpose of processing is to enable the signals to accord with analog quantity accepted by an input terminal of an AD sampling chip, the analog quantity is converted into digital quantity after AD sampling, and the digital quantity enters a microcontroller for calculation processing. The microcomputer relay protection device is also provided with an Ethernet interface, an input/output interface, a debugging interface, an extended memory EEPROM, a keyboard and a liquid crystal touch screen LCD.
The remote management computer is communicated with the microcomputer relay protection experimental device through the Ethernet, the microcomputer relay protection tester is connected with the remote computer through an RS232 communication cable, fault signals are connected to a PT/CT mutual inductor of the microcomputer relay protection experimental device through a test wire, embedded system development software is installed on the field computer, and the field computer is connected to a debugging interface of the microcomputer relay protection experimental device through a USB data wire, a simulator and a debugging wire.
The open microcomputer relay protection experiment system of the scheme embodies openness, strengthens student design and participates in experiments and is mainly expressed in the following aspects:
the signal conditioning circuit of the open type microcomputer relay protection experiment system is a pluggable modular circuit, and an experimenter (student) carries out design improvement according to a certain microcomputer relay protection experiment project issued by a teacher. The fault measurement algorithm and the relay protection algorithm program operated by the embedded system are compiled by an experimenter according to a certain microcomputer relay protection experimental project issued by a teacher. In the experiment process, an experimenter needs to wire according to an experiment system diagram, electrify and execute the self-checking program, continuously debug the microcomputer relay protection device and the like, and design and participation of students are fully embodied. The system adopts a relay protection tester to perform a protection parameter setting experiment, a diversified experiment evaluation mechanism is formulated according to the functional requirements of the power system on relay protection, and an experiment management program can automatically evaluate the experiment result. The experimental system has strong openness and expansibility, the experimental process of the experimental system is closer to the design development and field debugging process of the microcomputer relay protection device, and the experimental system is helpful for experimenters to understand and master abstract knowledge points and is particularly suitable for teaching in colleges and universities.
The experimental method based on the open type microcomputer relay protection experimental system comprises the following specific steps:
see fig. 1-2, experimental first stage. The experimental group (experimenter) is familiar with the experimental system and experimental rules of figure 1, and particularly the experimental result evaluation mechanism of figure 2. The performance P of each experiment of the experimental group consists of two parts, namely P1 and P2, and each part accounts for 50 percent of the score (full score 100). The P1 is the achievement automatically given by the remote management computer to the experimental link, the P1 is determined by the correctness of the protection action, the rapidity of the protection action and the accuracy of the fault measurement, and the indexes are P1(1), P1(2) and P1 (3). If the protection action executed by the relay protection device is correct, the experimental data is valid (if the indicator P1(1) is valid, the indicator P1(1) is invalid, and is 0). And inspecting the rapidity of the protection action and the accuracy of fault measurement on the premise of effective experimental data. According to the requirement of a specific microcomputer protection experiment project principle on protection speed, the index P1(2) is divided into three levels according to the reporting time of experiment data, the earlier the reporting time of the experiment data is, the larger the index is, and the values are 1.0, 0.9 and 0.8 in sequence. The fault measurement data are accurately determinedThe degree is divided into three levels, and the higher the accuracy is, the larger the value of the index P1(3) is, and the values are 1.0, 0.9 and 0.8 in sequence. The calculation formula of the achievement P1 is
Figure BDA0002517983080000071
P2 is manually determined by teachers according to three aspects of the pre-study report, the experimental operating condition and the experimental report of the experimental group, and the scores are P2(1), P2(2) and P2 (3). Achievement of experiment
Figure BDA0002517983080000072
The result of each experiment of the experimental group is P1+ P2. Final Performance P of the Experimental groupfinIs the best result of N experiments, namely Pfin=max{P(1),P(2),…,P(N)}。
2. And determining the simulated power system, the fault position and the fault type thereof according to the experimental principle of the microcomputer relay protection project to be tested.
3. The experimental group completed the study report. And calculating a fault characteristic value of the simulated power system, determining a relay protection setting value, finishing the design of a default signal conditioning circuit, and finishing the programming of a default fault measurement algorithm and a relay protection algorithm program.
4. Experiment second stage. The experimental group is inserted into the designed signal conditioning circuit, and the compiled algorithm program is loaded in the field computer and debugged in parallel, wherein the parameters can be set through a keyboard of the microcomputer relay protection device and the liquid crystal touch screen.
5. And (5) self-checking the experimental system. The teacher starts the remote management computer for self-checking, and the experiment group connects wires according to the experiment system diagram, powers on and executes the self-checking program. After the experiment group completes self-checking, the experiment application key of the microcomputer relay protection device is pressed, and a READY signal is sent to the remote management computer through the Ethernet network. If the self-checking has a problem, checking and eliminating.
6. After the remote computer receives the READY signal, an experiment starting instruction START is issued through the Ethernet, meanwhile, a fault signal is sent out through a RS232 communication cable remote operation microcomputer relay protection tester, the fault signal lasts for a certain time T1, and the time T1 is comprehensively set according to the specific fault type and the output characteristic of the relay protection tester.
7. The microcomputer relay protection tester sends out a corresponding voltage and current fault signal according to a remote computer instruction, and the microcomputer relay protection experimental device executes a fault measurement program and a relay protection program after receiving a START instruction.
8. The microcomputer relay protection experimental device sends a tripping and closing protection instruction to the simulation protection execution device through the input/output interface according to the execution result of a relay protection algorithm program, simultaneously sends fault measurement data and the protection instruction to the remote management computer through the Ethernet, and displays the fault measurement result and the protection instruction on a device LCD screen on site. The simulation protection execution device executes corresponding relay action and sends out a field indication signal in the forms of the on-off of a signal lamp and the warning sound of a buzzer.
9. The remote management computer receives experimental data (fault measurement data) reported by an experimental group through the Ethernet, records the data, automatically evaluates the experimental result, issues the experimental result through the Ethernet and issues an OVER instruction announcing the end of the experiment in the current round.
10. After receiving the experimental result information, the microcomputer protection experimental device displays relevant information on an LCD screen, and an experimental group analyzes experimental data according to the experimental result, modifies the design of a fault measurement circuit and algorithm programs (a fault measurement algorithm and a relay protection algorithm program), and perfects an experimental scheme.
11. And (5) initiating a new round of experiment by the remote management computer, and finishing the next experiment according to the steps 3-10. And after the N times of experiments are finished, the remote computer sends an END instruction for finishing the experiments, the experiment group executes the operation of quitting the experiments, and the power switch of the equipment is turned off.
12. And (5) experimental third stage. The experimental group completes the experimental report according to the experimental process and the experimental result, the teacher determines the result P2 according to the preview report, the experimental operation condition and the experimental report, and the teacher inputs the P2 into the experimental management program to automatically obtain the total result PfinAnd automatically generating an experiment teaching analysis report by the experiment management program.
The above-mentioned embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, and any other modifications or equivalent substitutions that do not depart from the technical spirit of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. An open microcomputer relay protection experimental system is characterized by comprising: the system comprises a remote management computer, a microcomputer relay protection tester, a microcomputer relay protection device, a simulation protection execution device and an experiment terminal used by an experimenter, wherein the remote management computer is used by a teacher;
the remote management computer is provided with an experiment management program and is used for remotely operating the microcomputer relay protection tester to generate a fault signal simulating a fault of the power system, receiving experiment data which are reported by the microcomputer relay protection device and contain fault measurement results and protection instructions, and automatically grading the experiment data according to a score evaluation rule; after the experiment is finished, analyzing the experimental data and generating an evaluation report;
the microcomputer relay protection tester is used for generating a fault signal simulating a power system fault according to a remote management computer instruction and sending the fault signal to the microcomputer relay protection experimental device;
the microcomputer relay protection device is used for measuring the fault signal according to a fault measurement algorithm compiled by an experimenter to obtain a fault measurement result, executing a relay protection algorithm program according to the fault measurement result to obtain a corresponding protection instruction, sending the protection instruction to the simulation protection execution device, and simultaneously sending experiment data containing the fault measurement result and the protection instruction to the remote management computer;
the simulation protection executing device is used for simulating the opening and closing actions of the power switch by using the relay actions according to the protection instructions;
the experimental terminal is used for an experimenter to design a signal conditioning circuit according to a microcomputer relay protection project to be tested, and compile and debug fault measurement algorithm and relay protection algorithm programs.
2. The open microcomputer relay protection experimental system of claim 1, wherein the experimental terminal comprises: a simulator and a field computer installed with embedded system development software; and the field computer is connected to the microcomputer relay protection device through the simulator.
3. The open microcomputer relay protection experimental system according to claim 1, wherein the microcomputer relay protection device comprises a PT/CT transformer, a signal conditioning circuit, an AD sampling chip and a microcontroller, wherein the PT/CT transformer, the signal conditioning circuit, the AD sampling chip and the microcontroller are connected in sequence;
the microcomputer relay protection tester sends a fault signal to the PT/CT mutual inductor through a test line; the signal conditioning circuit is a pluggable modular circuit.
4. The open microcomputer relay protection experimental system as claimed in claim 2, wherein the microcomputer relay protection device is further provided with an ethernet interface, an input/output interface, a debugging interface, an extended memory EEPROM, a keyboard and a liquid crystal touch screen LCD; the remote management computer is communicated with the microcomputer relay protection device through an Ethernet interface, the microcomputer relay protection device obtains the state of a field switch through an input/output interface and sends a protection instruction to the simulation protection execution device, and the simulator is communicated with the microcomputer relay protection device through a debugging interface; the expansion memory EEPROM is used for storing information such as experimental data; the keyboard is used for being matched with the LCD to set and look up device parameters, wherein an experiment application key is pressed down to send a READY experiment signal to the remote management computer; the liquid crystal touch screen LCD is used for displaying experimental fault measurement results and protection instruction information on site and providing touch parameter setting and consulting functions.
5. An experimental method based on the open microcomputer relay protection experimental system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising:
experiment first stage: carrying out experiment design according to the microcomputer relay protection project to be tested and completing a preview report;
experiment second stage: completing the experiment according to the experiment design and the cooperation of teachers to obtain experiment results P1;
and (3) experimental third stage: the experimenter completes the experiment report according to the experiment process and the experiment result, the teacher determines the achievement P2 according to the preview report, the experiment operation condition and the experiment report, and obtains the total achievement P according to the experiment achievement P1 and the achievement P2finAnd automatically generating an experimental teaching analysis report.
6. The experimental method of claim 5, wherein the experimental design comprises determining the simulated power system and the fault location and fault type thereof according to the experimental principle of the microcomputer relay protection project to be tested; calculating the fault characteristic value of the simulated power system, determining a relay protection setting value, finishing the design of a default signal conditioning circuit, and finishing the programming of a default fault measurement algorithm and a relay protection algorithm program.
7. The experimental method of claim 6, wherein the second phase of the experiment comprises:
s21, the experimenter inserts the designed signal conditioning circuit module into the microcomputer relay protection device, and loads the compiled fault measurement algorithm and relay protection algorithm program through the experimental terminal and debugs in parallel;
s22, the teacher starts the remote management computer to perform self-checking, the experimenter connects wires according to the experiment system diagram, powers on the wires and executes a self-checking program, and the experimenter sends a READY signal to the remote management computer after completing the self-checking without errors;
s23, the remote management computer sends an experiment starting instruction START after confirming that the READY signal is received, and simultaneously the remote operation microcomputer relay protection tester sends a fault signal;
s24, the microcomputer relay protection tester sends out corresponding fault signals according to the remote computer instructions, and the microcomputer relay protection experimental device executes the fault measurement algorithm and the relay protection algorithm program after receiving the START instructions;
s25, the microcomputer relay protection experimental device sends a tripping and closing protection instruction to the simulation execution device according to the execution result of the relay protection program; meanwhile, fault measurement data and protection instructions are sent to a remote management computer through the Ethernet;
s26, the simulation execution device executes corresponding relay action according to the protection instruction, and sends out a field indication signal in the forms of the on-off of a signal lamp and the warning sound of a buzzer;
s27, the remote management computer receives the experimental data reported by the microcomputer relay protection experimental device, records the data and automatically evaluates the experimental result, and issues the experimental result and an OVER instruction announcing the end of the experiment through the Ethernet;
and S28, analyzing the experimental data according to the experimental result by the experimental group, modifying the signal conditioning circuit and the algorithm program, perfecting the experimental scheme, repeatedly executing the steps S21-S28, sending an END instruction of finishing the experiment by the remote computer after N experiments are finished, executing the operation of quitting the experiment by the experimental group, and finally obtaining the experimental result P1.
8. The experimental method as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that each of the scores of 50% is represented by the experimental score P1 and the score P2, the experimental score P1 is determined by the correctness of the protection action, the rapidity of the protection action and the accuracy of the fault measurement, and the indexes are P1(1), P1(2) and P1(3), and the calculation formula of the score P1 is P1(1), P1(2) and P1(3)
Figure FDA0002517983070000031
The score P2 scores are P2(1), P2(2) and P2(3), and the calculation formula of the score P2 is
Figure FDA0002517983070000041
Final Performance P of the Experimental groupfinIs the best result of N experiments, and the calculation formula is Pfin=max{P(1),P(2),…,P(N)}。
9. The experimental method of claim 7, further comprising: a liquid crystal touch screen LCD of the microcomputer relay protection experimental device provides a touch mode to set and look up device parameters, and experimental fault measurement results and protection information are displayed on site; the keyboard of the microcomputer relay protection experimental device is matched with the LCD to set and look up parameters, wherein a READY experimental signal is sent to the remote computer by pressing a READY key.
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