CN111780077A

CN111780077A - Vacuum waste heat steam boiler

Info

Publication number: CN111780077A
Application number: CN202010778803.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王新正; 娄开立; 娄伟; 楼雪薇; 吴钢; 田莉莉
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2020-08-05
Filing date: 2020-08-05
Publication date: 2020-10-16

Abstract

A vacuum waste heat steam boiler is characterized in that: the vacuum boiler comprises a boiler shell which can bear vacuum degree of <400Pa and is connected with a vacuum extractor, a warm water evaporation chamber, a water baffle, an evaporation secondary chamber, a high-temperature heating chamber and a steam storage chamber which are arranged in the boiler shell in sequence, wherein the warm water evaporation chamber, the water baffle, the evaporation secondary chamber, the high-temperature heating chamber and the steam storage chamber are positioned above the high-temperature heating chamber; an evaporator consisting of a plurality of longitudinally arranged evaporation pipes is arranged in the middle of the warm water evaporation chamber 5, a waste heat warm water inlet communicated with a boiler water distribution device is arranged above the evaporator, and a waste heat warm water outlet is arranged below the evaporator; one end of each of a plurality of evaporation tubes forming the evaporator is provided with a spray head connected with the water outlet of an evaporation hydraulic pump, and the evaporation hydraulic pump is communicated with a boiler water distribution device; the high-temperature heating chamber is provided with a heat exchanger; the evaporation second chamber and the steam storage chamber are respectively communicated with the internal vacuum extractor through pipelines; and a steam distribution valve is arranged at the top of the steam storage chamber.

Description

Vacuum waste heat steam boiler

Technical Field

The invention relates to a vacuum waste heat steam boiler which evaporates warm waste hot water in a vacuum cylinder and heats the evaporated steam into high-temperature and high-pressure steam.

Background

The vacuum boiler is a vacuum phase-change boiler, and forms a negative pressure vacuum environment in a closed furnace body. The heat medium water is filled in the machine body, the heat medium water is heated through combustion or other modes, the heat medium water is heated to generate steam, and the steam heats water in the heat exchanger pipe through condensation heat exchange to realize hot water supply. Vacuum filtration heat trend: oil, natural gas, coal gas, electricity → combustion (electricity-to-heat conversion) → steam condensation heat exchange after boiling → heat exchanger → heat conduction → water.

The working principle of the vacuum boiler is as follows: the characteristic that water has a low boiling point in a low-pressure environment is utilized to quickly heat the heat medium water filled in the closed furnace body, so that the heat medium water is boiled to generate high-temperature water vapor. The water vapor is condensed on the heat exchange tube to heat the cold water in the heat exchange tube, thereby achieving the purpose of supplying hot water.

The vacuum boiler has the advantages that: it is safe and reliable, is not limited by related departments, can be installed in residential buildings, and has no scaling and corrosion. The disadvantages are as follows: compared with the conventional boiler, the energy consumption is equivalent, namely, the energy is not saved, the outlet water temperature is unbalanced, a water storage tank (without bearing pressure during heating) needs to be additionally arranged to serve as a special heating heat source, and the energy consumption of the vacuum boiler is larger.

The energy of the vacuum boiler is also limited by the environment, natural gas and coal gas need special pipelines, and oil also needs a storage tank, which all limit the use of the vacuum boiler. Meanwhile, the vacuum boiler is only used for supplying hot water, and can not be used by many users needing steam in hospitals, foods and the like.

An electric steam boiler is an electric heating device for converting electric energy into heat energy, and mainly comprises a water supply system, an automatic control system, a furnace and heating system, a safety protection system and the like. The basic working principle is that a set of automatic control device is used to ensure the opening and closing of a liquid controller or a high, medium and low electrode probe in the operation process to control the water pump, the water supply amount and the heating time of the furnace. The highest steam pressure set by the pressure relay is continuously output along with steam, the water level of the furnace pipe is continuously reduced, when the furnace pipe is positioned at a low water level (mechanical type) and a medium water level (electronic type), the water pump automatically supplies water, and when the furnace pipe reaches a high water level, the water pump stops supplying water. Meanwhile, the electric heating tube in the furnace pipe continuously heats and continuously generates steam.

The electric steam boiler has the advantages that: clean energy is adopted, the automation degree is high, and the steam temperature and the steam quantity can be accurately controlled. The disadvantages are as follows: the energy consumption is too large.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide the electric heating steam boiler which can accurately control the generation of low-temperature and low-pressure steam by utilizing waste heat to evaporate in a vacuum furnace, and the generation of the low-temperature and low-pressure steam, aiming at the defects that the conventional vacuum boiler has high energy consumption and is difficult to control and can only generate hot water, and the conventional electric steam boiler has overlarge power consumption. The unit power consumption is only 10% of that of the traditional electric steam boiler. The invention can produce steam and constant temperature hot water in the same machine. Steam boiler for directly heating low-temperature steam to high-temperature steam

The object of the invention can be achieved by the following technical measures:

the vacuum waste heat steam boiler comprises a boiler shell, a warm water evaporation chamber, a water baffle, an evaporation secondary chamber, a high-temperature heating chamber and a steam storage chamber, wherein the boiler shell can bear the vacuum degree of <400Pa and is connected with a vacuumizing machine; an evaporator consisting of a plurality of longitudinally arranged evaporation pipes is arranged in the middle of the warm water evaporation chamber, a waste heat warm water inlet communicated with a boiler water distribution device is arranged above the evaporator, and a waste heat warm water outlet is arranged below the evaporator; one end of each of a plurality of evaporation tubes forming the evaporator is provided with a spray head connected with the water outlet of an evaporation hydraulic pump, and the evaporation hydraulic pump is communicated with a boiler water distribution device; the high-temperature heating chamber is provided with a hot water exchanger (when a user needs hot water, a steam boiler can be adjusted to a hot water gear, and the vacuum steam boiler automatically adjusts the heating temperature of the high-temperature heating chamber to the hot water temperature needed by the user); the evaporation second chamber and the steam storage chamber are respectively communicated with the internal vacuum extractor through pipelines; and a steam distribution valve is arranged at the top of the steam storage chamber.

The invention evaporates warm water above 30 ℃ in the evaporation chamber, filters water molecule groups carried out by water vapor through the water baffle, evaporates the water vapor out of the water baffle again through the evaporation chamber, and eliminates the residual water molecule groups. The dry steam flows into the high-temperature heating chamber, and the high-temperature heating chamber can adjust the pressure in the design range and heat the water steam at a constant temperature according to the steam pressure required by a user. The steam heated to the pressure spontaneously flows into the steam storage chamber, and the steam storage chamber ensures that the temperature automatically adjusts corresponding temperature along with the temperature of the high-temperature heating chamber. The steam storage chamber is automatically closed when the boiler is adjusted to a hot water level, heating pipes in the steam storage chamber are stopped to supply heat, an inner vacuumizing machine above the steam storage chamber is started simultaneously, and when noncondensable tail gas generated when the hot water exchanger works exceeds a certain pressure, the vacuumizing machine is automatically opened to discharge the tail gas out of the machine body.

The hot-pressing steam boiler and the vacuum boiler are the same in that the vacuum pumping is carried out in a closed hearth, and the warm water is evaporated under low pressure and low temperature. The difference is that a vacuum boiler heats hot water, and a hot-pressing steam boiler heats water vapor, and low-temperature water vapor is directly heated into high-temperature water vapor.

Because the pressure of the high-temperature and high-pressure steam is hundreds of times different from that of the low-pressure evaporation chamber, such as 1 thousand Pa of the pressure of the evaporation chamber, and the temperature of the high-temperature steam is 135 ℃ and 313 thousand Pa, in order to make the low-pressure steam enter the high-temperature and high-pressure heating chamber, the invention adopts the following technical measures.

1> the warm water entering the boiler is pressurized to 313+ a thousand Pa, so that the ambient pressure in the evaporation chamber is only 1 thousand Pa, but the dynamic pressure of vaporized water molecules is higher than the pressure in the high-temperature heating chamber.

2> a one-way valve is arranged between the high-pressure heating chamber and the evaporation chamber, and the guiding water vapor can only flow in one direction (see the technical proposal disclosed by the patent number 2019209450134 named as a heat dam device for organizing the directional flow of the water vapor).

3> establishing a high-temperature field, wherein the temperature field can be adjusted according to the pressure of steam (the pressure is not more than 0.4 MPa).

The working principle of the invention is as follows:

the boiling temperature of water is directly related to the pressure of the environment in which it is located. Boiling at 100 ℃ under normal atmospheric pressure, gradually reducing the boiling temperature along with the pressure reduction of the environment, and boiling water at 14 ℃ when the pressure of a boiler hearth is reduced to 1500 Pa.

The vacuum degree of the invention is kept below 1500 Pa, and warm water with the temperature of 35-40 ℃ (the cooling water temperature of a refrigerating machine of a central air conditioner is 35-40 ℃) is adopted as a heat source in an evaporation chamber. Meanwhile, warm water with the same temperature is sprayed in the evaporation chamber, and the sprayed warm water can absorb surrounding heat energy (latent heat of vaporization) to form water vapor.

The water vapor has a saturation level at any temperature. All physical parameters of the water vapor, such as temperature, specific volume, pressure and the like, have a fixed amount at any saturation point. The parameters of water vapor at any temperature naturally tend to and remain at the saturation level. Meanwhile, due to the characteristics of the water vapor, the water vapor in different areas can spontaneously flow from a saturated area to an unsaturated area, and flow from an area with high saturation degree to an area with low saturation degree. According to the characteristic of the water vapor, a high-temperature chamber is built on one side of the evaporation chamber, and the water vapor spontaneously flows into a high-temperature area and is heated and concentrated to various parameters of high saturation degree.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

1> greatly reducing energy consumption

The invention produces water vapor in a vacuum furnace chamber, and water molecules absorb surrounding heat energy (vaporization latent heat energy) to change phase into low-temperature water vapor, and then the low-temperature water vapor enters a heating chamber and is heated to high-temperature water vapor. Compared with the traditional steam boiler, the latent heat energy of vaporization of the water vapor is saved.

According to the invention, water vapor with the temperature of 30 ℃ is generated by evaporating water with the temperature of 40 ℃, the water vapor is heated to 130 ℃, and the heating amount is three atmospheric pressure vapors:

2565.38 kJ/kg of water vapor at 30 DEG C

130 ℃ water vapor 2726.59 kJ/kg

The heating quantity is 2726.59-2565.38=161.21 kJ/kg

Traditional steam boiler

125.66 kJ/kg of water with the temperature of 30 DEG C

The heating amount is 2726.59-125.66=2600.93 kJ/kg.

The invention has the advantages that the heat energy for producing the steam is less, so the volume of the boiler is reduced by using electric heating, and meanwhile, the automatic and precise control can be realized.

3> has the advantages of safety, long service life and the like of the vacuum boiler.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a vacuum waste heat steam boiler.

In the figure 1: boiler shell, 2: vacuumizing machine, 3: boiler water distribution device, 4: evaporation water pressure pump, 5: warm water evaporation chamber, 6: waste heat warm water, 7: water deflector (heat ), 8: second evaporation chamber, 9: high-temperature heating pipe, 10: steam storage chamber, 11: steam dispensing valve, 12: waste heat warm water inlet, 13: waste heat warm water outlet, 15 hot water exchanger, 16: internal vacuum extractor, 17: a water inlet pump.

Detailed Description

The invention is further described below with reference to examples (figures).

As shown in fig. 1, the vacuum waste heat steam boiler of the present invention comprises a boiler housing 1 connected with a vacuum extractor 2 capable of bearing a vacuum degree of <400Pa, a warm water evaporation chamber 5, a water baffle 7, an evaporation secondary chamber 8, a high temperature heating chamber 9 and a steam storage chamber 10 located above the high temperature heating chamber 9 in sequence; an evaporator consisting of a plurality of longitudinally arranged evaporation pipes is arranged in the middle of the warm water evaporation chamber 5, a waste heat warm water inlet 12 communicated with the boiler water distribution device 3 is arranged above the evaporator, and a waste heat warm water outlet 13 is arranged below the evaporator; one end of each of a plurality of evaporation pipes forming the evaporator is provided with a spray head connected with a water outlet of an evaporation water pressure pump 4, and the evaporation water pressure pump 4 is communicated with a boiler water distribution device 3; the high-temperature heating chamber 9 is provided with a hot water exchanger 15 (when a user needs hot water, a steam boiler can be adjusted to a hot water gear, and the vacuum steam boiler automatically adjusts the heating temperature of the high-temperature heating chamber 9 to the hot water temperature needed by the user); the evaporation secondary chamber 8 and the steam storage chamber 10 are respectively communicated with an internal vacuum extractor 16 through pipelines; a steam distribution valve 11 is provided at the top of the steam storage chamber 10.

The working mode of the invention is as follows:

when the vacuum waste heat steam boiler works, the vacuumizing machine 2 firstly pumps air in the boiler shell 1 to the designed required vacuum degree. Boiler circulating water enters the evaporator water chamber 6 through the boiler water distribution device 3 through the waste heat warm water inlet 12 and is pressurized by the boiler circulating water pump 17 and pumped out from the outlet 13. Water evaporation is pressurized by the evaporation water pressure pump 4, warm water generates water vapor in the evaporation chamber 5, water molecule groups in the water vapor are filtered by the water baffle 7, the water vapor enters the evaporation second chamber 8, and after residual water molecule groups are eliminated, the water vapor enters the high-temperature heating chamber 9. The heated high-temperature and high-pressure steam is stored in the steam storage chamber 10. When the user needs steam, the valve 11 at the top of the boiler is opened.

The steam storage chamber 10 is composed of a plurality of heating pipes. The heating pipe has small diameter, large density and high temperature.

The vacuum waste heat steam boiler of the invention is a steam and hot water dual-purpose boiler, when a user needs hot water, the hot water gear can be adjusted, the automatic control device adjusts the heating temperature of the high-temperature heating chamber to the temperature required by the user, and the steam storage chamber 10 is closed for heating. And (3) starting the hot water heater 15, and simultaneously starting a vacuumizing machine 16 arranged above the original steam storage chamber to discharge the steam tail gas of the hot water heater 15.

Claims

1. A vacuum waste heat steam boiler is characterized in that: the vacuum boiler comprises a boiler shell which can bear vacuum degree of <400Pa and is connected with a vacuum extractor, a warm water evaporation chamber, a water baffle, an evaporation secondary chamber, a high-temperature heating chamber and a steam storage chamber which are arranged in the boiler shell in sequence, wherein the warm water evaporation chamber, the water baffle, the evaporation secondary chamber, the high-temperature heating chamber and the steam storage chamber are positioned above the high-temperature heating chamber; an evaporator consisting of a plurality of longitudinally arranged evaporation pipes is arranged in the middle of the warm water evaporation chamber, a waste heat warm water inlet communicated with a boiler water distribution device is arranged above the evaporator, and a waste heat warm water outlet is arranged below the evaporator; one end of each of a plurality of evaporation tubes forming the evaporator is provided with a spray head connected with the water outlet of an evaporation hydraulic pump, and the evaporation hydraulic pump is communicated with a boiler water distribution device; the high-temperature heating chamber is provided with a heat exchanger; the evaporation second chamber and the steam storage chamber are respectively communicated with the internal vacuum extractor through pipelines; and a steam distribution valve is arranged at the top of the steam storage chamber.