CN111777789A - Preparation method of ultralow-friction rubber material - Google Patents
Preparation method of ultralow-friction rubber material Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/26—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof by elimination of a solid phase from a macromolecular composition or article, e.g. leaching out
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
- B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2201/00—Foams characterised by the foaming process
- C08J2201/04—Foams characterised by the foaming process characterised by the elimination of a liquid or solid component, e.g. precipitation, leaching out, evaporation
- C08J2201/044—Elimination of an inorganic solid phase
- C08J2201/0444—Salts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2201/00—Foams characterised by the foaming process
- C08J2201/04—Foams characterised by the foaming process characterised by the elimination of a liquid or solid component, e.g. precipitation, leaching out, evaporation
- C08J2201/044—Elimination of an inorganic solid phase
- C08J2201/0444—Salts
- C08J2201/0446—Elimination of NaCl only
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2307/00—Characterised by the use of natural rubber
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- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2309/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of conjugated diene hydrocarbons
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2309/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of conjugated diene hydrocarbons
- C08J2309/02—Copolymers with acrylonitrile
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2309/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of conjugated diene hydrocarbons
- C08J2309/06—Copolymers with styrene
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of an ultralow-friction rubber material, which comprises 6 parts by weight of rubber and 0.5-2 parts by weight of pore-forming agent, wherein the pore-forming agent is non-toxic water-soluble particles, and the particle size of the pore-forming agent is 140-200 mu m; fully blending the rubber and the pore-forming agent, then carrying out vulcanization treatment, and then dissolving and removing the surface pore-forming agent. Therefore, the preparation method of the ultralow-friction rubber material is provided, the surface of the prepared rubber material is provided with uniform micropores, the friction coefficient and the wear rate are obviously reduced, and compared with the existing surface treatment method of the rubber friction material, the preparation method has the advantages that the operation is simpler and the cost is obviously reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of friction materials, in particular to a preparation method of an ultralow-friction rubber material.
Background
The low-friction rubber has the characteristics of better environmental protection, vibration reduction and the like, is often used as a water-lubricated bearing bush material and is widely applied to a ship propulsion system. Generally, a ship propulsion system usually works under the working condition of low rotating speed and large torque, so that low-friction rubber as a contact pair is in a mixed lubrication state, and the friction pair can be in a hard state of dry friction or boundary lubrication and the like under the working condition, so that the friction coefficient of a shaft lining layer is increased, and the abrasion is serious. Therefore, the improvement of the tribological performance of the low-friction rubber lubricating interface has important significance.
The existing low-friction rubber material has good hydrophilicity and low wear performance, but the low-friction rubber contact pair has higher friction coefficient and wear rate under complex working conditions. Researches show that the condition can be effectively improved by carrying out surface treatment on the low-friction rubber, and the traditional surface treatment method of the low-friction rubber mainly comprises the following steps: the technologies of coating, texture, physical and chemical modification and the like all have the defects of high price, complex process, poor retentivity and the like. The technology of processing a porous structure on the surface of the low-friction rubber by using methods such as laser, ion etching and the like is also available, but the production cost is high and the applicability is poor.
The research progress of the wear resistance and the wear reduction of the nitrile rubber (synthetic rubber industry, 2018-07-15,41 (4); 317 + 321; Liying taimen, Yang culvert and Li zhao) briefly introduces the application of the nitrile rubber in the field of rubber products and factors influencing the frictional wear performance of the nitrile rubber, summarizes 3 methods of surface treatment, filler addition, self-lubrication and the like for playing a wear resistance and a friction reduction role and the recent research progress of respective action mechanisms, and can approximately reflect the current research situation of the surface treatment of a low-friction rubber material.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a low-cost ultralow-friction rubber material, which utilizes a pore-forming agent dissolving mechanism to form uniform micropores on the surface of rubber so as to reduce the friction coefficient of the rubber under a mixed lubrication working condition.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a preparation method of an ultralow-friction rubber material comprises 6 parts by weight of rubber and 0.5-2 parts by weight of pore-forming agent, wherein the pore-forming agent is non-toxic water-soluble particles, and the particle size of the pore-forming agent is 140-200 mu m; fully blending the rubber and the pore-forming agent, then carrying out vulcanization treatment, and then dissolving and removing the surface pore-forming agent.
By adopting the scheme, after the pore-forming agent on the surface is dissolved and removed, a plurality of tiny holes are formed on the surface layer of the rubber, and the rubber with a plurality of natural micropores on the surface is obtained. The micropores can be used as a storage tank of lubricating liquid and a collector of abrasive dust under the lubricating condition, so that the abrasive dust accumulation of the friction surface of the rubber material is reduced; on the other hand, the secondary lubrication is provided for a lubricating interface, and the secondary lubrication is provided for a contact pair friction interface under the mixed lubrication working condition, so that the friction coefficient and the wear rate can be effectively reduced, and the tribological performance of the surface of the material is greatly optimized. Through test comparison, under the same working condition, the friction coefficient of the rubber material prepared by the method can be lower than half of the friction coefficient of the original friction rubber which is not treated by the method; under specific working conditions, the friction coefficient of the rubber material prepared by the method can be as low as 0.008, while the friction coefficient of the original friction rubber which is not treated by the method is 0.019. The invention adopts the mode of dissolving and removing the pore-forming agent, so that the mechanical property of micropores formed on the surface of the rubber material at the corners is better, cracks are not easy to form, and the service life of the rubber is obviously longer than that of similar products prepared by laser or ion etching. Because the area density and the aperture of micropores on the surface of a prepared finished product are directly determined by the raw material proportion and the pore-forming agent granularity, the invention also provides the raw material proportion and the pore-forming agent granularity within a specific range, so that the prepared rubber material not only has an ultralow friction coefficient, but also is not affected by mechanical properties and other friction properties. The preparation method of the ultralow-friction rubber material adopts the existing low-cost rubber and the non-toxic water-soluble pore-forming agent, and creatively uses the method of dissolving and removing the pore-forming agent to form uniform micropores on the surface of the rubber, thereby greatly reducing the preparation cost of the surface porous ultralow-friction rubber. It should be noted that the method for preparing micropores by adding the pore-forming agent is mainly used in the field of preparation of metal materials and ceramic materials at present, and although a small amount of research is carried out in the field of rubber, in the application of the existing pore-forming agent, the method is used for generating cellular micropores in the materials; and micropores are formed based on the mechanism of high-temperature melting of the pore-forming agent. The pore-forming agent is used for forming micropores on the surface of the rubber so as to reduce the friction coefficient of the rubber, and the micropores are formed based on the dissolution mechanism of the pore-forming agent, so that the research purpose and the formation mechanism of the micropores are completely different from the use of the existing pore-forming agent.
Preferably, the pore-forming agent is wrapped by rubber and then placed into an open rubber mixing mill for refining for at least 20 times, so that the rubber and the pore-forming agent are fully blended. Therefore, the existing rubber mixing technology and equipment are utilized to fully and uniformly mix the rubber and the pore-forming agent, and the preparation cost of the ultralow-friction rubber material is further reduced.
Preferably, the rubber is in the form of a sheet. Select for use flaky rubber like this, can roll up the pore-forming agent in rubber, also can accompany the pore-forming agent between the multi-disc rubber, can also the fifty percent discount of monolithic rubber parcel pore-forming agent to make rubber can wrap up the pore-forming agent more conveniently, high-efficiently, make the mixing of rubber and pore-forming agent more high-efficient, avoid the pore-forming agent to spill and reduce the actual content of pore-forming agent.
As a further optimization, the particle size of the pore former is 164 +/-15 microns. The pore-forming agent with the granularity not only ensures that the prepared rubber has good surface friction and lubrication effect, but also has little influence on the mechanical property of the rubber.
The pressure of the vulcanization treatment is 9.5MPa-10.5MPa, the temperature is 160 ℃ -180 ℃, and the time is 25-35 min. The rubber has better vulcanization effect and better physical and chemical properties under the condition of the parameters.
And soaking the cooled semi-finished product after the vulcanization treatment by using deionized water to dissolve and remove the pore-forming agent on the surface. The operation of dissolving and removing the pore-forming agent is simple, the cost is low, and the influence of pore-forming of the pore-forming agent on the mechanical property of the rubber is effectively avoided.
Soaking the cooled semi-finished product in deionized water for 2-3 times, and replacing new deionized water each time for 8-12h each time. Therefore, the pore-forming agent on the surface is completely dissolved, and the surface cleanliness is high.
And putting the fully blended semi-finished product into a mold, then carrying out vulcanization treatment, and demoulding after the vulcanization treatment is finished and the semi-finished product is cooled to room temperature. Is beneficial to shaping the rubber.
Preferably, the pore-forming agent is sodium chloride or potassium chloride. The pore-forming agent is selected, so that the prepared rubber material has good solubility and stable crystal particle form, can be better refined and mixed with rubber, and can form holes with relatively stable and uniform forms after being dissolved, so that the prepared rubber material has better tribological performance; and the sodium chloride and the potassium chloride are common salts, are non-toxic and convenient to obtain, have low cost and are beneficial to cost control.
Preferably, the rubber is nitrile rubber or natural rubber or styrene butadiene rubber or isoprene rubber.
Has the advantages that: according to the preparation method, rubber and a pore-forming agent in a specific weight ratio are fully blended and then subjected to vulcanization treatment, and then the pore-forming agent on the surface of a semi-finished product is dissolved and removed, so that the preparation method of the ultralow-friction rubber material is provided, the surface of the prepared rubber material is provided with uniform micropores, the friction coefficient and the wear rate are remarkably reduced, and compared with the existing surface treatment method of the rubber friction material, the preparation method is simpler in operation and remarkably reduced in cost.
Detailed Description
The following is further detailed by way of specific embodiments:
the first embodiment is as follows:
this example provides a method for preparing an ultra-low friction rubber material, including 6 parts by weight of rubber and 0.5-2 parts by weight of a pore-forming agent, where the part by weight of the pore-forming agent in this example is 1 part.
The rubber is the existing and common rubber, is not limited specifically, and can be nitrile rubber, natural rubber, styrene butadiene rubber, isoprene rubber and the like; nitrile rubber is selected in the embodiment.
The pore-forming agent is non-toxic water-soluble particles, and can be sodium chloride or potassium chloride, and the embodiment selects sodium chloride with low cost and easy availability. The particle size of the pore former is 140-200 μm, and more preferably, the particle size of the pore former is 164. + -. 15 μm.
The preparation method comprises the specific steps of fully blending rubber and a pore-forming agent, then carrying out vulcanization treatment, and then dissolving and removing the surface pore-forming agent.
There are various ways of fully blending the rubber and the pore-forming agent, and in this embodiment, a low-cost and easy-to-operate open mill refining manner is selected, specifically, the pore-forming agent is wrapped by the rubber and then placed into the open mill to be refined for at least 20 times. In this example, the number of refining operations in the open mill was 30. For ease of handling, the rubber is preferably in the form of sheets, each sheet having a thickness of 8 mm. The operation of wrapping the pore-forming agent with the rubber may be to wrap the pore-forming agent in a sheet-like rubber, to sandwich the pore-forming agent between a plurality of sheets of rubber, or to wrap the pore-forming agent in a single sheet of rubber by folding.
The pressure of the vulcanization treatment is 9.5MPa-10.5MPa, the temperature is 160 ℃ -180 ℃, and the time is 25-35 min. In this example, the vulcanization pressure is preferably 10MPa, the temperature is preferably 170 ℃ and the time is preferably 30 min.
The specific means for dissolving and removing the pore-forming agent on the surface can be various, and the pore-forming agent can be washed or soaked. In this embodiment, it is preferable that the cooled semi-finished product after the vulcanization treatment is soaked in deionized water to dissolve and remove the pore-forming agent on the surface. More specifically, the cooled semi-finished product is soaked in deionized water for 2-3 times, and new deionized water is replaced each time, and the soaking time is 8-12 h.
In addition, in order to facilitate the shaping of the rubber, the fully blended semi-finished product, i.e., the semi-finished product refined by the open mill in this embodiment, is put into a mold and then subjected to a vulcanization treatment, after the vulcanization treatment is finished, the mold is removed after the vulcanization treatment is cooled to room temperature, and then the subsequent surface pore-forming agent removing process is performed.
After the surface pore-forming agent is dissolved and removed, the rubber can be placed into a drying oven for drying treatment, so that the influence of residual liquid on surface micropores on subsequent use is avoided. Naturally, air drying is also possible. In this embodiment, the mixture is preferably dried in a drying oven at 50 ℃ for 15 min.
Example two:
the difference between this example and the first example is only that the weight portion of the pore-forming agent is 0.5 portion, the selected rubber is natural rubber, the pore-forming agent is potassium chloride, the particle size of the pore-forming agent is 140 μm, the number of refining in an open rubber mixing mill is 20, the pressure of the vulcanization treatment is 9.5MPa, the temperature is 160 ℃, and the time is 25 min.
Example three:
the difference between the example and the first example is only that the weight portion of the pore-forming agent is 2 portions, the selected rubber is isoprene rubber, the particle size of the pore-forming agent is 200 μm, the refining times in an open rubber refining machine are 35 times, the pressure of the vulcanization treatment is 10.5MPa, the temperature is 180 ℃, and the time is 35 min.
Experimental data:
the ultralow-friction rubber material prepared in the first example is compared with the nitrile rubber which is not treated by the preparation method of the invention in performance tests under the condition of water lubrication, and the comparison data are shown in the following tables 1 and 2:
TABLE 1 Experimental data of conventional rubbers under different linear velocity (v/m.s-1) and pressure (p/MPa) conditions
TABLE 2 Experimental data of ultra-low friction rubber materials under different linear velocity (v/m.s-1) and pressure (p/MPa) working conditions
The comparison shows that the ultralow friction coefficient of the ultralow-friction rubber material prepared by the technical scheme of the invention is ultralow under the working condition of good lubricating conditions, and the friction coefficient is reduced more remarkably under the mixed lubricating working condition of low speed and heavy load. The reason for generating the effect is that the microporous structure on the surface of the contact pair can be used as a storage of lubricating liquid and abrasive dust in a lubricating state, particularly in a mixed lubricating state, so that a 'secondary lubricating' effect is provided for a lubricating interface, the stable and excellent lubricating effect of the contact pair can be ensured to be kept for a longer time, and the tribological performance of the surface of the material is greatly optimized. Meanwhile, the friction coefficient is greatly reduced, the wear rate of a rubber contact pair is reduced, and the wear resistance of the rubber material is improved. Because of the water storage property of the porous structure, the contact angle of the surface of the material is increased, the hydrophilicity is improved, and the formation of a water film between interfaces in operation is facilitated so as to optimize the lubricating condition. The method adopted by the invention is simple and feasible, and can effectively reduce friction and reduce abrasion. The preparation process is simple and easy to implement and low in cost. The rubber material prepared by the invention is used as the shaft lining layer, and the lubricating property of the rubber shaft lining layer can be effectively improved.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of an ultralow-friction rubber material is characterized by comprising the following steps: the rubber-water composite material comprises 6 parts by weight of rubber and 0.5-2 parts by weight of pore-forming agent, wherein the pore-forming agent is non-toxic water-soluble particles, and the particle size of the pore-forming agent is 140-200 mu m; fully blending the rubber and the pore-forming agent, then carrying out vulcanization treatment, and then dissolving and removing the surface pore-forming agent.
2. The method for preparing an ultra-low friction rubber material according to claim 1, wherein: and (3) wrapping the pore-forming agent with rubber, and then putting the wrapped pore-forming agent into an open rubber mixing mill for refining for at least 20 times, so that the rubber and the pore-forming agent are fully blended.
3. The method for preparing an ultra-low friction rubber material according to claim 2, wherein: the rubber is in the shape of a sheet.
4. The method for preparing an ultra-low friction rubber material according to claim 1, wherein: the granularity of the pore-forming agent is 164 +/-15 mu m.
5. The method for preparing an ultra-low friction rubber material according to claim 1, wherein: the pressure of the vulcanization treatment is 9.5MPa-10.5MPa, the temperature is 160 ℃ -180 ℃, and the time is 25-35 min.
6. The method for preparing an ultra-low friction rubber material according to claim 1, wherein: and soaking the cooled semi-finished product after the vulcanization treatment by using deionized water to dissolve and remove the pore-forming agent on the surface.
7. The method for preparing an ultra-low friction rubber material according to claim 6, wherein: soaking the cooled semi-finished product in deionized water for 2-3 times, and replacing new deionized water each time for 8-12h each time.
8. The method for preparing an ultra-low friction rubber material according to claim 1, wherein: and putting the fully blended semi-finished product into a mold, then carrying out vulcanization treatment, and demoulding after the vulcanization treatment is finished and the semi-finished product is cooled to room temperature.
9. The method for preparing an ultra-low friction rubber material according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein: the pore-forming agent is sodium chloride or potassium chloride.
10. The method for preparing an ultra-low friction rubber material according to claim 9, wherein: the rubber is nitrile rubber or natural rubber or styrene butadiene rubber or isoprene rubber.
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