CN111777674A - 诊断生物标记物、治疗靶点及其检测工具 - Google Patents
诊断生物标记物、治疗靶点及其检测工具 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111777674A CN111777674A CN201910283681.XA CN201910283681A CN111777674A CN 111777674 A CN111777674 A CN 111777674A CN 201910283681 A CN201910283681 A CN 201910283681A CN 111777674 A CN111777674 A CN 111777674A
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Abstract
本发明提出了一种诊断生物标记物、治疗靶点及其检测工具;所述诊断生物标记物,用于指示中心体分离,采用Ser352位点的磷酸化的GAS2L1蛋白;该Ser352位点的磷酸化的GAS2L1蛋白的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO:1所示。本发明的诊断生物标记物、治疗靶点及其检测工具构思新颖,实用性强。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生物医学领域,尤其涉及一种诊断生物标记物、治疗靶点及其检测工具。
背景技术
有丝分裂纺锤体形成和精确染色体分离需要正确的中心体分离,否则会导致基因组不稳定;附着于中心体的F-肌动蛋白和微管在中心体上施加推力和拉力,这些力对于中心体运动和分离是不可缺少的。GAS2L1蛋白通过将肌动蛋白丝和微管附着到中心粒的近端,参与中心体分离。GAS2L1蛋白跟F-肌动蛋白丝和微管和EB蛋白的结合都涉及GAS2L1蛋白的中心体分离功能。然而,目前尚不清楚GAS2L1蛋白在中心体分离中功能的调节机制,仍然缺少一种能够指示中心体正确分离的技术。
发明内容
本发明针对上述技术问题,提出一种诊断生物标记物、治疗靶点及其检测工具。
本发明所提出的技术方案如下:
本发明提出了一种用于指示中心体分离的诊断生物标记物,采用Ser352位点的磷酸化的GAS2L1蛋白;该Ser352位点的磷酸化的GAS2L1蛋白的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO:1所示。
本发明还提出了一种基因组稳定性相关疾病的诊断生物标记物,采用Ser352位点的磷酸化的GAS2L1蛋白;该Ser352位点的磷酸化的GAS2L1蛋白的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO:1所示。
本发明还提出了一种基因组稳定性相关疾病的治疗靶点,采用Ser352位点的磷酸化的GAS2L1蛋白;该Ser352位点的磷酸化的GAS2L1蛋白的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO:1所示。
本发明还提出了一种检测工具,用于检测如上述的Ser352位点的磷酸化的GAS2L1蛋白,采用Ser352位点磷酸化的GAS2L1蛋白抗体。
本发明上述检测工具中,Ser352位点磷酸化的GAS2L1蛋白抗体是使用合成肽HPRSRRYpSGDSDSSAC(GAS2L1 345–359)免疫动物生成。
本发明上述的检测工具中,所述动物为兔子、小鼠或大鼠。
本发明还提出了一种GAS2L1蛋白,其表达水平具有用于指示中心体正确分离的用途;和/或用作基因组稳定性相关疾病的诊断生物标记物和/或治疗靶点的用途。
本发明还提出了一种下调GAS2L1蛋白的Ser352位点的磷酸化的方法,通过抑制GAS2L1蛋白与Nek2A相互作用实现,用作基因组稳定性相关疾病的治疗靶点。
本发明利用GAS2L1蛋白的Ser352位点磷酸化对于GAS2L1蛋白的中心体分离活性、适当的纺锤体组装和染色体分离是至关重要的特性,采用Ser352位点磷酸化的GAS2L1蛋白作为用于指示中心体分离的诊断生物标记物、治疗靶点。同时,采用Ser352位点磷酸化后的GAS2L1蛋白的抗体作为检测工具。
附图说明
下面将结合附图及实施例对本发明作进一步说明,附图中:
图1示出了本发明优选实施例的GAS2L1蛋白在有丝分裂过程中的状态示意图;
图2示出了在海拉细胞(HeLa)从双重胸苷处理中释放到含有5μM S-trityl-L-cysteine(STLC)的培养基中,在指定时间收集全细胞提取物,并使用针对GAS2L1、CyclinB1和β-actin的抗体进行免疫印迹分析的结果照片;
图3示出了在双重胸苷处理释放12小时后,裂解HeLa细胞并在30℃下与或不与小牛肠碱性磷酸酶(calf intestinal alkaline phosphatase)一起温育15分钟后,使用针对GAS2L1和β-actin的抗体对细胞提取物进行免疫印迹分析的结果照片;
图4示出了制备GAS2L1样品用于质谱鉴定磷酸化位点的流程图;
图5示出了在间期和有丝分裂细胞免疫沉淀出来的GAS2L1蛋白显示在考马斯蓝染色凝胶上的照片;
图6示出了鉴定出经历有丝分裂诱导磷酸化的GAS2L1残基的结果图;
图7示出了GAS2L1的结构示意图,其中,指示五个邻近的Ser-磷酸化位点的位置;
图8示出了来自不同脊椎动物物种的GAS2L1的序列比对的示意图;其中,星号表示该区域内已鉴定的磷酸化位点;
图9示出了GFP或GFP标记的GAS2L1构建体转染的hTERT RPE-1(RPE-1)细胞的示意图;其中,GAS2L1构建体是野生型(WT)和突变体5A,5D,S352A,S352D,S352A/4D和S352D/4A。中心体用抗γTubulin的抗体标记;其中,从3个独立实验测量中心体距离:n=96(GFP),n=110(WT),n=120(5A),n=114(5D),n=112(S352A),n=110(S352D),n=100(S352A/4D),n=100(S352D/4A);箭头指向中心体;
图10示出了图9所示的野生型(WT)和突变体5A,5D,S352A,S352D,S352A/4D和S352D/4A细胞的细胞尺寸百分比的结果示意图;
图11示出了在RPE-1细胞的亲本和亚系中检查GAS2L1的表达,GAS2L1 KO是GAS2L1敲除系列,GFP-GAS2L1(WT)或突变体(S352A和S352D)在敲除系中稳定表达分别进行抗GAS2L1,抗GFP和抗α-Tubulin的免疫印迹的结果示意图;
图12示出了对RPE-1细胞的野生型和亚系进行CENP-F和γ-Tubulin染色的结果示意图;其中,从3个独立实验测量CENP-F阳性细胞的中心体距离:n=161(亲本;parental),n=170(GAS2L1 KO),n=150(WT),n=162(S352A),n=149(S352D)。箭头指向中心体;
图13示出了图12中所示的亲本、GAS2L1敲除、WT、S352A以及S352D的细胞的细胞尺寸百分比的结果示意图;
图14示出了图12中所示的RPE-1系用阿非迪霉素(aphidicolin)停止,然后释放并用STLC处理,通过抗-centrin染色标记中心体的结果示意图;其中,在来自3个独立实验的有丝分裂细胞中测量中心体距离:n=100(亲本;parental),n=100(GAS2L1 KO),n=120(WT),n=123(S352A),n=121(S352D)。箭头指向中心体;比例尺,10微米;
图15示出了图14中所示的亲本、GAS2L1敲除、WT、S352A以及S352D细胞的细胞尺寸百分比的结果示意图;
图16示出了对RPE-1细胞的亲本和亚系进行微管染色(抗α-Tubulin)和中心体(抗α-Tubulin)的示意图;其中,有丝分裂纺锤极轴和中期板之间的角度由3个独立实验确定:n=143(亲本;parental),n=123(GAS2L1敲除;GAS2L1 KO);角度>85°的主轴计为正常;
图17示出了GAS2L1敲除株系(GAS2L1 KO)和稳定表达GFP-GAS2L1野生型(WT)或突变体(S352A和S352D)的敲除株系的示意图;其中,有丝分裂纺锤极轴和中期板之间的角度由3个独立实验确定:n=131(WT),n=135(S352A),n=136(S352D);角度>85°的主轴计为正常;
图18示出了如图16和图17所示的亲本、GAS2L1敲除、WT、S352A以及S352D细胞中具有正常纺锤体结构的中期细胞所占的百分比的结果示意图;
图19示出了在RPE-1亲本细胞和细胞与0.1μg/ml Hoechst33342孵育后的亚系进行延时成像的示意图;其中,染色体分离缺陷(桥接和滞后染色体)的发生率通过3个独立实验来量化:n=113(亲本;parental),n=151(GAS2L1敲除;GAS2L1 KO),n=125(WT),n=118(S352A),n=124(S352D)。*,p<0.01;**,p<0.001;比例尺,5微米;
图20示出了亲本、GAS2L1敲除、WT、S352A以及S352D细胞中具有染色体分离缺陷的后期细胞所占的百分比的结果示意图;
图21示出了RPE-1细胞染色F-肌动蛋白,通过抗-Cyclin B1染色鉴定G2细胞,并用抗-Nedd1抗体标记中心体的示意图;其中,中心体附着的F-肌动蛋白强度由3个独立实验确定:n=91(CyclinB1蛋白阳性)和n=99(Cyclin B1蛋白阴性);
图22示出了图21所示的G2细胞和non-G2细胞的与中心体相连的肌动蛋白的强度的示意图;
图23示出了稳定表达GFP-GAS2L1(WT)和突变体(S352A和S352D)的gas2l1-/-RPE-1系分别进行Nedd1,Cyclin B1和F-肌动蛋白染色的示意图;在3个独立实验中从G2细胞定量中心体附着的F-肌动蛋白:n=77(WT),n=79(S352A)和n=88(S352D);
图24示出了图23所示的WT、S352A和S352D的gas2l1-/-RPE-1系的与中心体相连的肌动蛋白的强度的示意图;
图25示出了GAS2L1构建体(Bio-GFP标记的)在HEK293T细胞中瞬时表达,用于链霉抗生物素蛋白下拉的示意图;其中,GAS2L1构建体分别采用WT,野生型GAS2L1;S352A和S352D,GAS2L1突变体;为了破坏F-肌动蛋白,在收获前用latrunculin B(Lat B)处理细胞30分钟;通过免疫印迹分析下拉样品(50%)和细胞提取物(1%);GAS2L1下拉的F-肌动蛋白量从没有latrunculin B处理的pulldowns量化;
图26示出了图25所示的WT、S352A和S352D,GAS2L1构建体的肌动蛋白强度的结果示意图;*,p<0.01;**,p<0.001;比例尺,5微米;
图27示出了GAS2L1(Bio-FLAG标记)与GFP-Nek2A(K37R)的激酶活性突变体在HEK293T细胞中共表达,在异位表达GAS2L1下拉后,用抗FLAG和抗GFP免疫印迹上分析下拉样品(50%)和细胞提取物(5%)的示意图;
图28示出了在HEK293T细胞中共表达FLAG-GAS2L1及GFP-Nek2A或K37R突变体,在免疫印迹上分析细胞提取物的示意图;其中,在免疫印迹前,用小牛肠碱性磷酸酶(calfintestinal phosphatase)处理共表达FLAG-GAS2L1和GFP-Nek2A的提取物;
图29示出了GFP-GAS2L1的纯化蛋白质和突变体S352A在体外用GST-Nek2A磷酸化,反应后,使用抗-GAS2L1,抗-pSer352-GAS2L1和抗-Nek2A进行免疫印迹的示意图;
图30示出了RPE-1细胞用阿非迪霉素aphidicolin同步,然后释放到含STLC的培养基中,在指定的时间点收集细胞并通过免疫印迹分析的示意图;
图31示出了对照(si-Control)或nek2-靶向的siRNA(si-Nek2)转染的RPE-1细胞用阿非迪霉素aphidicolin同步,然后释放到含有STLC的培养基中12小时。通过用指定的抗体进行免疫印迹分析细胞提取物的示意图;
图32示出了图31所示的对照(si-Control)和nek2-靶向的siRNA(si-Nek2)转染的RPE-1细胞的GAS2L1双联体中测量Ser352-磷酸化的GAS2L1的强度的示意图;其中,从5个独立实验标准化;**,p<0.001;
图33示出了GFP-GAS2L1在用对照(si-Control)或nek2-靶向siRNA(si-Nek2)转染的RPE-1细胞中过表达的示意图,其中,通过抗γ-Tubulin染色标记中心体;箭头指向中心体;在来自3个独立实验的表达GFP-GAS2L1的细胞中测量中心体距离:n=157(si-control+GFP-GAS2L1 WT),n=148(si-Nek2+GFP-GAS2L1 WT),比例尺,10微米;
图34示出了S352D突变体在用对照(si-Control)或nek2-靶向siRNA(si-Nek2)转染的RPE-1细胞中过表达的示意图;通过抗γ-Tubulin染色标记中心体;箭头指向中心体;在来自3个独立实验的表达S352D的细胞中测量中心体距离:n=144(si-control+GFP-GAS2L1S352D),n=161(si-Nek2+GFP-GAS2L1 S352D);比例尺,10微米;
图35示出了用GFP-Nek2A转的染亲本RPE-1细胞和GAS2L1敲除株系(GAS2L1 KO)用抗γTubulin染色的示意图;箭头指向中心体;在来自3个独立实验的GFP-Nek2A表达细胞中测量中心体距离:n=112(亲本)和n=109(GAS2L1 KO);比例尺,10μm;
图36示出了图35所示的用GFP-Nek2A转的染亲本RPE-1细胞和GAS2L1敲除株系(GAS2L1 KO)的细胞尺寸百分比的结果示意图;
图37示出了用siRNA转染稳定表达GFP-GAS2L1以及S352D突变体的gas2l1-/-RPE-1系的示意图;其中,通过抗-γ-Tubulin染色标记中心体;通过阳性CENP-F染色鉴定G2细胞;在来自3个独立实验的G2细胞中测量中心体距离:n=198(si-Control),n=210(si-Nek2),n=204(si-Nek2+si-rootletin)。比例尺,10微米;
图38示出了如图37所示的用siRNA转染稳定表达GFP-GAS2L1以及S352D突变体的gas2l1-/-RPE-1系的细胞尺寸示意图;
图39示出了如图37所示的RPE-1细胞用阿非迪霉素(aphidicolin)同步,释放6小时并用STLC处理4小时;将细胞用抗-centrin和抗-rootletin染色的示意图;在来自3个独立实验的有丝分裂细胞中测量中心体距离:GFP-GAS2L1(WT)稳定细胞:n=125(si-Control),n=136(si-Nek2),n=119(si-Nek2+si-rootletin);GFP-GAS2L1(S352D)稳定细胞:n=127(si-Control),n=135(si-Nek2),n=123(si-Nek2+si-rootletin);箭头指向中心体;比例尺,5微米;
图40示出了图39所示的用siRNA转染稳定表达GFP-GAS2L1以及S352D突变体的gas2l1-/-RPE-1系的细胞尺寸示意图;
图41示出了中心体分离的分子基础的模型的示意图;其中,分离需要Ser352位点处的GAS2L1蛋白的磷酸化体和中心体连接解体,这两者都是由Nek2A介导的。
具体实施方式
本发明所要解决的技术问题是:目前尚不清楚GAS2L1蛋白在中心体分离中功能的调节机制,仍然缺少一种能够指示中心体分离的技术。本发明就该技术问题而提出的技术思路是:利用GAS2L1蛋白的Ser352位点磷酸化对于GAS2L1蛋白的中心体分离活性、适当的纺锤体组装和染色体分离是至关重要的特性,采用Ser352位点磷酸化的GAS2L1蛋白作为用于指示中心体分离的诊断生物标记物、治疗靶点。同时,采用Ser352位点磷酸化后的GAS2L1蛋白的抗体作为检测工具。
如图1所示,图1示出了本发明优选实施例的GAS2L1蛋白在有丝分裂过程中的状态示意图。GAS2L1蛋白是成熟中心粒近端的F-肌动蛋白和微管的结合蛋白,并介导细胞骨架在中心粒的附着,在中心体分离中不可或缺。
通过蛋白质下拉及质谱分析,发现GAS2L1蛋白在G2/M期过度磷酸化,与中心体分离的开始同时发生。
随后,通过鉴定GAS2L1蛋白中在有丝分裂过程显着增加的磷酸化的残基,并根据突变及细胞生物学分析显示GAS2L1蛋白在Ser352位点的磷酸化对于GAS2L1蛋白的中心体分离活性、适当的纺锤体组装和染色体分离是至关重要的。即有丝分裂前的中心体分离、正确的纺锤体组装、以及精确的染色体分离皆需要GAS2L1蛋白在Ser352位点的磷酸化。
具体地,GAS2L1蛋白含有CH结构域(calponin同源结构域)和GAR结构域(GAS2相关结构域),它们分别与F-肌动蛋白和微管结合。
而通过蛋白质结合试验及免疫沉淀,我们发现在GAS2L1蛋白中,CH结构域和GAR结构域彼此互相结合,并抑制对方的功能。更进一步来说,在GAS2L1蛋白中,GAR结构域与CH结构域结合,以阻止CH结构域与F-肌动蛋白的互动。
生化实验揭露CH结构域和GAR结构域发挥自身抑制作用,GAS2L1蛋白在Ser352位点的磷酸化解除了CH结构域和GAR结构域之间的相互作用,从而缓解并解除了它们的自身抑制作用,在G2晚期促进F-肌动蛋白于中心体附着。
具体地,如图1所示,Nek2A是一种也介导中心体接头溶解的激酶。在细胞处于G2晚期时,Nek2A会作用于GAS2L1蛋白,可以促进GAS2L1蛋白磷酸化。通过对G2/M期GAS2L1蛋白进行氨基酸序列测定,可以发现:GAS2L1蛋白在一系列丝氨酸(包括Ser352位点)上显示在G2/M期诱导的磷酸化。此外,Ser352位点的磷酸化是GAS2L1蛋白在F-肌动蛋白于中心体附着和中心体分离的功能所必需。Ser352位点的磷酸化的GAS2L1蛋白的氨基酸序列如序列表中SEQ ID NO:1所示。Nek2A是G2/M期GAS2L1蛋白于Ser352磷酸化的激酶,并且揭示此GAS2L1蛋白磷酸化与中心体连接体的解体(也是由Nek2A介导)共同作用导至中心体分离。
这些发现揭示了GAS2L1蛋白在中心体分离中功能的调节机制,促成GAS2L1蛋白作为基因组稳定性相关疾病(如遗传疾病、慢性疾病和癌症等)的诊断生物标记物以及治疗手段的靶点的可能性。
GAS2L1蛋白磷酸化和中心体连接体拆解一起驱动中心体分离。准确中心体分离缺陷招致有丝分裂错误,纺锤体结构缺陷,着丝点-微管错误附着和染色体分离错误的发生。我们发现抑制GAS2L1蛋白在Ser352位点的磷酸化会导致纺锤体组装缺陷和染色体分离错误。这些发现不仅为中心体分离的机制提供了新的见解,而且揭示了导致基因组不稳定的起因。因此,GAS2L1表达水平和Ser352磷酸化状态是作为基因组稳定性有关疾病的潜在诊断生物标记物以及可能治疗靶点。
进一步地,申请人生成了Ser352位点磷酸化的GAS2L1蛋白抗体,该Ser352位点磷酸化的GAS2L1蛋白抗体是使用合成肽HPRSRRYpSGDSDSSAC(GAS2L1 345–359)免疫兔子生成,并从兔子血清中纯化得到。显示Ser352位点磷酸化在G2/M期诱导并由Nek2A催化。因此,除了中心体连接体拆解之外,Nek2A介导GAS2L1蛋白,并且这两种作用一起驱动中心体分离。
为了使本发明的技术目的、技术方案以及技术效果更为清楚,以便于本领域技术人员理解和实施本发明,下面将结合附图及具体实施例对本发明做进一步详细的说明。
中心体分离需要GAS2L1蛋白在Ser352位点的磷酸化
由于中心体分离只在G2/M细胞周期发生,我们推断GAS2L1蛋白的作用可能受到严格控制。为了监测细胞周期中的GAS2L1蛋白表达,我们通过双重胸苷处理(double-thymidine treatment)使HeLa细胞同步,然后从G1/S中释放细胞。在释放后约12小时,细胞进展为有丝分裂,如图2中Cyclin B1的表达所示。在从G1/S到有丝分裂的细胞周期进程期间,GAS2L1蛋白的蛋白质水平没有显著改变,如图2所示。有趣的是,我们观察到有丝分裂细胞中GAS2L1蛋白的印迹带有流动性转移;此外,磷酸酶处理消除了GAS2L1蛋白的蛋白质印迹带的流动性转移,如图2和图3所示。这些发现揭示了GAS2L1蛋白在有丝分裂过程中进行磷酸化。
为了鉴定细胞周期依赖性磷酸化,我们将GFP-GAS2L1蛋白的稳定细胞系与间期和有丝分裂同步,并从同步细胞中免疫沉淀GFP-GAS2L1蛋白,用于通过质谱分析,如图4所示。与上述数据一致,来自nocodazole同步处理后的有丝分裂细胞的GAS2L1蛋白显示出SDS-PAGE蛋白质带的升高,如图5所示。通过比较间期和有丝分裂GAS2L1蛋白的质谱结果,我们发现GAS2L1蛋白的磷酸化在12个氨基酸残基处被显著诱导,其中5个聚集到氨基酸352-360,即Ser352位点、Ser355位点、Ser357位点、Ser358位点和Ser360位点,如图6和图7所示。这五个丝氨酸中的大多数以及周围序列在脊椎动物同源物中是保守的,如图8所示。
如图9-图10所示,我们通过用Asp取代全部5个聚集磷酸化的氨基酸来生成模拟磷酸化突变体5D和使用Ala生成非磷酸化突变体5A,探索了在Ser352位点、Ser355位点、Ser357位点、Ser358位点和Ser360位点处的五个成簇serine的磷酸化功能,并在细胞表达突变体以及野生型GAS2L1蛋白。野生型GAS2L1蛋白的过量表达诱导中心体分离(在>62%的转染细胞中d>2μm,d指中间体间距离)。尽管突变体5A的表达显示出诱导中心体分离的显著减弱活性(在约37%的5A转染细胞中d>2μm),突变体5D的表达有效地分离了中心体(d>2μm,约66%的中心体)以及5D转染的细胞。然后我们将这5个serine单独突变为Asp和Ala。单突变S352D显示出与突变体5D相似的诱导中心体分离活性(在~64%的S352D转染细胞中d>2μm,而S352A减少了中心体分裂)。S352A单突变诱导中心体分离活性与5A突变相似(在S352A转染细胞的~39%中d>2μm)。此外,其他四个Serine的单突变对诱导中心体分离没有显示出任何显著影响。
为了证明GAS2L1蛋白的功能不依赖于丝氨酸Ser355位点、Ser357位点、Ser358位点和Ser360位点的磷酸化,但需要Ser352位点的磷酸化,我们创建了突变体S352A/4D,其中,Ser355位点、Ser357位点、Ser358位点和Ser360位点都突变为Asp;Ala取代Ser352。S352A/4D显示出非常低的中心体分离活性(在~36%的转染细胞中d>2μm),与突变体5A和S352A的活性一样低,如图9-图10所示。类似地,我们产生了突变体S352D/4A,其中随着S352D突变,丝氨酸Ser355位点、Ser357位点、Ser358位点和Ser360位点全部突变为Ala,我们发现S352D/4A在一种有效诱导中心体分离,活性与突变体5D和S352D相似(在>66%的转染细胞中d>2μm,如图9-图10所示)。总的来说,突变分析表明Ser352位点的磷酸化不仅是必需的,而且足以刺激GAS2L1蛋白的中心体分离活性。
为了进一步评估GAS2L1蛋白的磷酸化的生理功能,我们生成了hTERT RPE-1(RPE-1)细胞的GAS2L1敲除系,并在GAS2L1蛋白的敲除细胞系稳定表达了GAS2L1突变体S352A和S352D。突变体S352A和S352D的表达量和内源性GAS2L1的水平相似,如图11所示。GAS2L1敲除细胞系和S352A/S352D稳定表达亚系未显示任何明显的细胞生长缺陷。此外gas2l1-/-细胞系在中心体分离中表现出明显的缺陷:通过CENP-F阳性染色鉴定的G2细胞,~22%含有分离的中心体(d>2μm);相比之下,正常RPE-1约为53%,如图12-图13所示。
如图12-图13所示,在gas2l1-/-细胞中,低水平GAS2L1蛋白的异位表达使中心体分离恢复到与正常RPE-1细胞相同的程度。S352D的表达显示出与野生型相似的拯救效果,而S352A的表达没有挽救分离缺陷。为了证实由Ser352磷酸化的GAS2L1蛋白触发的中心体分离不依赖于Eg5,我们用Eg5抑制剂S-trityl-L-cysteine(STLC)处理细胞,然后测量gas2l1-/-细胞系以及S352A/S352D稳定表达细胞系在有丝分裂细胞时的中心体距离。野生型或S352D的表达恢复了中心体分离,但S352A的表达未能解除分离缺陷,如图14-图15所示,并且这些效果和没有STLC处理的救援实验的结果观察,如图12-图13所示。上述拯救实验与瞬时过表达的结果(图9-图10)证实了GAS2L1蛋白诱导中心体分离的作用需要Ser352位点的磷酸化。此外,这个GAS2L1蛋白的功能不涉及Eg5。
Ser352位点的磷酸化是形成对称纺锤体和精确染色体分离的必需条件
中心体分离和随后由Eg5驱动的中心体极向运动是一个良好协调的过程,促进精准的纺锤体形成和染色体分离。因此,我们测试了GAS2L1蛋白及其Ser352位点磷酸化是否参与有丝分裂纺锤体组装和染色体分离。如图16-图18所示,在gas2l1-/-细胞系中,有丝分裂时,纺锤体的双极心轴经常不垂直于中期板块(Metaphase plate)方向。我们测量了纺锤轴与中期板块的角度,发现约92%的正常RPE-1细胞角度>85°;并且gas2l1-/-细胞系中,该比例下降至~45%。通过野生型GAS2L1和突变体S352D的在gas2l1-/-细胞重新表达,该比例分别恢复至~83%和~86%。相比之下,S352A表达没有显著增加该比例,其在gas2l1-/-细胞系中保持在~48%。
如图19-图20所示,我们还观察到后期的气体gas2l1-/-细胞系中,染色体分离缺陷(例如染色体桥接和染色体滞后)的发生率高于正常RPE-1细胞(gas2l1-/-细胞:~18%;正常细胞:~5%)。通过在gas2l1-/-细胞中表达野生型GAS2L1或S352D,染色体分离缺陷的发生率降低(野生型和S352D分别约~4%和~5%)。然而,S352A的表达未显示出这种拯救效果(表达S352A的细胞约为~16%)。因此,GAS2L1蛋白的Ser352位点磷酸化对其于纺锤体组装和染色体分离中的蛋白功能是必不可少的。
Ser352位点的磷酸化促进肌动蛋白丝在中心体的附着
我们试图研究Ser352位点的磷酸化调节GAS2L1的中心体分离功能的机制。为了在中心体分离中发挥作用,GAS2L1需要其中心体定位及其与肌动蛋白丝、微管和微管末端结合蛋白如EB1的结合。我们检查了GAS2L1的Ser352位点的磷酸化是否对蛋白质的这些定位和结合特性有任何影响。为了检查对中心体定位的潜在影响,我们观察了野生型GAS2L1及其突变体S352A和S352D在gas2l1-/-细胞中稳定表达的野生型蛋白质。两种突变体和野生型蛋白质在中心体处显示出相似的强度,如图12-图13所示。我们得出结论,Ser352位点的磷酸化不会改变GAS2L1蛋白的中心体定位。
然后,我们研究Ser352中GAS2L1磷酸化在肌动蛋白丝的中心体附着中的作用。首先,我们把与中心体相连的肌动蛋白丝免疫染色,并量化G2和非G2间期细胞中的肌动蛋白丝;其分别显示Cyclin B1蛋白阳性和阴性染色。在G2细胞中检测到更稳健的中心体相连肌动蛋白丝网络,肌动蛋白丝强度比非G2细胞中的高约34%,如图21-图22所示。因此,随着细胞进入G2并接近有丝分裂,更多肌动蛋白丝与中心体相连。
接下来,我们确定了稳定表达GAS2L1突变体S352A和S352D或野生型GAS2L1在gas2l1-/-细胞中的中心体肌动蛋白丝的水平,并且量化G2期细胞中的肌动蛋白丝与中心体的相互作用。与野生型GAS2L1的细胞相比,表达S352A的细胞内的中心体肌动蛋白丝水平显著降低(约31%减少),然而表达S352D的细胞在中心体肌动蛋白丝水平上没有显示任何显著差异,如图23-图24所示。我们继续测试突变体和野生型GAS2L1蛋白与肌动蛋白的结合活性。在该测定中,通过突变体和野生型GAS2L1被下拉,并且对肌动蛋白进行免疫印迹分析。突变体和野生型GAS2L1也可以拉下肌动蛋白,但处于不同水平:S352A和S352D分别显示比野生型GAS2L1低约62%和高约46%的肌动蛋白结合活性,如图25和图26所示。同时,我们用肌动蛋白丝解聚剂latrunculin B处理转染的细胞,然后进行GAS2L1蛋白下拉,并发现F肌动蛋白丝解聚消除了肌动蛋白与GAS2L1蛋白的结合。下拉结果一起表明GAS2L1蛋白与F-肌动蛋白结合,但不与G-肌动蛋白单体结合。此外,Ser352处的GAS2L1磷酸化导致F-肌动蛋白结合活性的显著增加。
我们还测试了野生型GAS2L1及其突变体S352A和S352D与微管或EB1的相互作用。在微管沉降实验中,这些GAS2L1蛋白显示出相同的微管结合活性。从测试EB1-GAS2L1相互作用的GAS2L1下拉实验也获得类似结果。这些结果表明GAS2L1磷酸化不会改变GAS2L1蛋白与微管和EB1的相互作用。
Nek2A介导GAS2L1蛋白在G2/M期的Ser352位点的磷酸化
在揭示了Ser352中GAS2L1磷酸化的功能后,我们开始寻找介导Ser352磷酸化的激酶。Nek2A引起了我们的注意,因为它在G2晚期起作用以触发中心体分离。此外,利用RNAi敲低Nek2表达水平或表达Nek2A激酶活性突变体抑制G2/M的中心体分离。因此,我们探索了Nek2A在Ser352位点处磷酸化GAS2L1蛋白的可能性。为了测试Nek2A和GAS2L1蛋白之间潜在的相互作用,我们共表达了GAS2L1和Nek2A的激酶活性突变体(K37R)。由于激酶-底物相互作用通常是短暂的,因此激酶活性突变体的使用能够稳定Nek2A-GAS2L1的相互作用。在GAS2L1下拉中检测到Nek2A(K37R),但在载体对照的下拉中未检测到,如图27所示,表明Nek2A与GAS2L1特异性结合。
如图28所示,当GAS2L1与Nek2A共表达时,GAS2L1蛋白在免疫印迹上显示为双蛋白条带。如果GAS2L1与激酶活性突变体Nek2A(K37R)共表达,或者如果在凝胶电泳之前用碱性磷酸酶处理共表达GAS2L1和野生型Nek2A的细胞的提取物,则上部条带消失。因此,野生型的Nek2A引起转染细胞中GAS2L1的磷酸化依赖性蛋白条带升档。然后我们异位表达GAS2L1及其S352A突变体,在去磷酸化条件下纯化蛋白质,并使用这些蛋白质与重组Nek2A蛋白进行体外磷酸化反应。纯化的GAS2L1样品主要含有完整蛋白质和GAS2L1片段推测该片段是降解产物。磷酸化反应导致GAS2L1的SDS-PAGE流动性转移,并且碱性磷酸酶处理消除了转移,如图29所示,其类似于从GAS2L1和Nek2A的共转染中观察到的结果,如图28所示。此外,我们进行了质谱分析,并将Ser352鉴定为Nek2A体外磷酸化的位点之一。
我们还生成了特异性识别Ser352磷酸化GAS2L1的抗体,并使用该抗体对被Nek2A体外磷酸化的GAS2L1蛋白进行免疫印迹。如图29所示,pSer352抗体检测到磷酸化GAS2L1的双重蛋白条带和未用Nek2A处理的GAS2L1的下带。相反,pSer352抗体未检测到在相同条件下磷酸化的S352A突变体的任何信号。总之,这些结果证实了Ser352的磷酸化以及抗pSer352抗体的特异性。
中心体分离由两个Nek2A介导的事件促成
到目前为止,我们的结果揭示了Ser352位点处GAS2L1蛋白磷酸化的重要功能。然后,我们在从G1/S阻断释放后的不同时间点评估RPE-1细胞中的Ser352磷酸化。如图2所示,GAS2L1蛋白在释放后12小时显示SDS-PAGE流动性转移(双重蛋白条带)。此外,在GAS2L1蛋白条带的上部条带中强烈检测到Ser352磷酸化,如图30所示。相反,在早于12小时释放的时间点只能微弱地检测到磷酸化,如图30所示。因此,Ser352磷酸化在G2/M晚期显著升高,这与Nek2A的表达增加时间上相关。
我们检查了Nek2A是否是GAS2L1蛋白磷酸化及GAS2L1蛋白的中心体分离功能所必需。在与G2晚期或M期同步的细胞中,通过RNAi敲低Nek2A显著降低GAS2L1的Ser352磷酸化水平,如图31-图32所示。GAS2L1的过量表达诱导中心体分离,如图33-图34所示。然而,敲低Nek2A阻断了GAS2L1过量表达的这种作用,如图33-图34所示。此外,敲低Nek2A不影响由GAS2L1突变体S352D诱导的中心体分离,如图33-图34所示。因此,Nek2A通过Ser352磷酸化调节GAS2L1的中心体分离功能。
在G2晚期,Nek2A催化几种中心体连接体蛋白组分的磷酸化,例如rootletin和C-Nap1,并因此分解了中心体连接体。我们试图剖析两个Nek2A介导的事件,即GAS2L1蛋白的磷酸化以及中心体连接蛋白的解体对中心体分离的贡献。如图35-图36所示,Nek2A的过表达导致中心体分离。然而,在gas2l1-/-细胞中未观察Nek2A过表达的这种作用。这些数据表GAS2L1对Nek2A介导的分离是必不可少的。然后,我们通过使用稳定表达野生型GAS2L1或S352D突变体gas2l1-/-细胞评估Nek2A介导GAS2L1蛋白的磷酸化的影响。gas2l1-/-细胞中,表达水平接近内源性蛋白GAS2L1的的S352D突变体不会引发过早的中心体分离,如图12-图13所示。此外,RNAi敲低Nek2A抑制了在野生GAS2L1-和S352D GAS2L-表达细胞中在G2发生的中心体分离,如图37-图38所示。从Eg5-抑制的野生GAS2L1和S352D GAS2L1表达细胞中观察Nek2A敲低的类似作用,所述细胞处于有丝分裂中,如图39-图40所示。这些结果表明,在中心体连接体存在下,GAS2L1蛋白的Ser352位点磷酸化不能触发中心体分离。
为了去除中心体连接体,我们通过RNAi敲低了rootletin的表达。尽管双重敲低Nek2A和rootletin抑制了稳定表达野生型GAS2L1的gas2l1-/-细胞中的中心体分离,但双敲低在表达S352D突变体的GAS2L1敲除细胞中未显示出任何抑制作用,如图37-图40所示。这些结果表明,中心体分离需要GAS2L1蛋白的磷酸化和中心体连接体分解。此外,中心体分离是由GAS2L1蛋白Ser352位点的磷酸化和中心体连接体分解同时发生引起的,如图41所示。
质粒和siRNA
GAS2L1突变体是通过基于PCR的定点诱变方法产生。(Bio)-2×TEV-EGFP-C1载体和BirA质粒之前已有描述。为了构建Bio-2×TEV-FLAG-C1,载体中的EGFP序列被替换为FLAG的编码序列。同时,通过使用标准分子克隆技术,GAS2L1序列被克隆到Bio-2×TEV-FLAG-C1及(Bio)-2×TEV-EGFP-C1载体中。对于GAS2L1诱导型表达,通过Gibson assembly方法(GibsonMasterMix,New England Biolabs)GFP-GAS2L1或其突变体的编码序列与Kozak序列一起被克隆到pRetroX-tight-pur载体(Clontech)。GFP-Nek2A及其K37R突变体的构建体由Dr.Xuebiao Yao(University of Science and Technology of China,China)提供。siRNA购自GenePharma(Shanghai,China):rootletin,5’-AAGCCAGUCUAGACAAGGATT-3’;nek2,5'-AAACAUCGUUCGUUACUAU-3';negative controlsiRNA,5’-UUCUCCGAACGUGUCACGUTT-3’。
抗体
为了产生Ser352位点磷酸化的GAS2L1蛋白的特异性抗体,合成肽HPRSRRYpSGDSDSSAC(GAS2L1 345–359;Bio-Synthesis Inc.)与匙孔血蓝蛋白keyholelimpet hemocyanin(ImjectTM Maleimide-Activated mcKLH,Thermo Fisher Scientific)结合,并于兔子进行皮下注射。在兔子取得抗血清后,通过与非磷酸化GAS2L1肽结合(HPRSRRYSGDSDSSAC;Bio-Synthesis Inc.)的SulfoLink凝胶柱(Thermo FisherScientific)消除了识别非磷酸化GAS2L1的抗体,然后使用与磷酸化肽结合的SulfoLink凝胶柱把磷酸化特异性抗体纯化。除了兔子外,磷酸化特异性抗体也可以从小鼠或大鼠生成。
通过用His6-Nedd1(321-660)蛋白于兔子进行皮下注射,然后取得抗血清,并用与GST-Nedd1(321-660)结合的凝胶柱纯化针对Nedd1的抗体。针对GAS2L1和GFP的抗体如所述使用。从商业来源获得的抗体包括小鼠抗-γ-tubulin(GTU-88,Sigma-Aldrich),山羊抗-γ-tubulin(Santa Cruz),小鼠抗-α-tubulin(DM1A,Sigma-Aldrich),小鼠抗-Nek2(BDBioscience),山羊抗-rootletin(Santa Cruz),小鼠-centrin(20H5,Millipore),小鼠抗-FLAG(M2,Sigma-Aldrich),小鼠抗-GAPDH(6C5,Thermo Fisher Scientific),小鼠抗-cyclin B1(GNS1,SantaCruz),兔抗-phospho-histone H3(Ser10)(Ser10)(CellSignaling Technology),小鼠抗-β-actin(AC-74,Sigma-Aldrich)和小鼠小鼠抗-EB1(BDBioscience)。
细胞培养和处理
本研究中使用的所有细胞系均获自美国典型培养物保藏中心(American TypeCulture Collection)。HEK293T,HeLa和Phoenix-AMPHO细胞培养在补充有10%胎牛血清(FBS)和1%青霉素/链霉素的Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium(DMEM,Gibco)中。RPE-1细胞在含有10%FBS,1%青霉素/链霉素和10μg/ml潮霉素B(Sigma-Aldrich)的DMEM/Ham's F12(1:1)中培养。所有细胞在37℃及5%CO2的潮湿环境中生长,并且没有支原体污染。质粒利用FuGENE HD(Promega)转染到RPE-1和HeLa细胞中,并用聚乙烯亚胺(polyethylenimine;Polysciences)转染到HEK293T和Phoenix-AMPHO细胞中。我们使用Lipofectamine2000(Thermo Fisher Scientific)或Lipofectamine RNAiMax(ThermoFisher Scientific)进行siRNA的转染。
为了在G1/S阻滞细胞周期,将RPE-1在含有1.6μg/ml阿非迪霉素(aphidicolin;Sigma-Aldrich)的培养基中培养18小时;HeLa细胞分别在含有2mM胸苷(thymidine;Sigma-Aldrich)培养16小时。然后将细胞从G1/S释放到含有5μMS-三苯甲基-L-半胱氨酸(S-trityl-L-cysteine(STLC);Sigma-Aldrich)的培养基中并培养不同时间。通过从G1/S阻滞释放细胞6小时然后用100nM nocodazole(Sigma-Aldrich)处理细胞12小时来实现RPE-1细胞的有丝分裂同步,并通过摇动收集有丝分裂细胞。为了抑制Eg5并分析Eg5非依赖性中心体分离,RPE-1细胞从G1/S阻滞释放6小时,再用5μM STLC处理4小时。另一方面,我们通过用1小时的latrunculin B(1μM;Sigma-Aldrich)细胞处理来破坏肌动蛋白丝。
通过质谱法进行蛋白质分析
我们通过用RIPA缓冲液[20mM Tris-HCl,pH7.4,1%Triton X-100,0.1%SDS,0.5%sodium deoxycholate,150mM NaCl,10mM MgCl2,1mM dithiothreitol和ProteaseInhibitor Cocktail(Roche)]提取异位表达GAS2L1的细胞。通过免疫沉淀表达的异位标签GFP-GAS2L1,并通过SDS-PAGE分离免疫沉淀物,再用于考再马斯蓝染色。然后,我们用二硫苏糖醇(dithiothreitol)还原从SDS-PAGE凝胶上切下的GAS2L1蛋白质条带,用碘乙酰胺(iodoacetamide)烷基化,并用胰蛋白酶(trypsin)消化。在肽提取后,通过质谱法(LTQVelos Dual-Pressure Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer,Thermo Fisher Scientific)与反相液相色谱法分析肽。获得的串联质谱通过MASCOT搜索引擎(Matrix Science)在基因数据库中进行搜索以进行蛋白质和磷酸化位点鉴定。
产生gas2l1基因敲除和稳定表达细胞
通过使CRISPR/Cas9系统产生RPE-1细胞的GAS2L1敲除系。gas2l1-靶向序列(5'-CACCGGGCAGCCTCGGTCACGGCGT-3')克隆到pSpCas9(BB)-2A-Puro(PX459)(#48139,Addgene)中,用于转染RPE-1细胞中。转染后,使用20μg/ml嘌呤霉素(puromycin;Sigma-Aldrich)筛选细胞4天,然后在无药物培养基中培养约一周。分离细胞的单个克隆,通DNA测序和免疫印迹确GAS2L1敲除。
对于拯救实验,通过使用逆转录病毒(retroviruses)载体pRetroX-tight-pur和pRetroX-Tet-On Advanced(Clontech)的Tet-on表达系统,在gas2l1-/-RPE-1细胞中表达GFP-GAS2L1。在Phoenix-AMPHO细胞中进行病毒包装后,收集富含逆转录病毒的培养基并进行0.45μm过滤对gas2l1-/-RPE-1细胞进行感染。为了建立稳定的GFP-GAS2L1细胞系,首先用pRetroX-Tet-On Advanced病毒感染gas2l1-/-RPE-1细胞,并用800μg/ml G418筛选~2周,然后用pRetroX-Tight-Pur-GFP-GAS2L1病毒感染。通过10μg/ml嘌呤霉素(puromycin)和400μg/ml G418进一步选择~2周后,分离并培养单个克隆。不与doxycycline一起温育的时候,克隆中GFP-GAS2L1及其突变体的渗漏表达与正常RPE-1细胞中的GAS2L1水平相当。
免疫荧光显微镜
除非具体描述,我们用甲醇(100%methanol)将18-mm盖玻片上生长的细胞用在-20℃下固定5分钟,并用含有4%多聚甲醛(paraformaldehyde)的PBS溶液(137mM NaCl,2.7mM KCl,4.3mM Na2HPO4,1.47mM KH2PO4,pH7.4)在室温下后固定15分钟。为了染色GAS2L1,在室温下用含有2%蔗糖(sucrose)和0.5%Triton X-100的PHEM缓冲液(60mMPIPES,25mM HEPES,pH6.9,10mM EGTA和2mM MgCl2)提取细胞1分钟,并且然后进行甲醇固定。固定后,用含有0.05%Tween-20的PBS洗涤细胞,并在相同缓冲液中用2%牛血清白蛋白(bovine serum albumin)阻断。在室温下用一抗和二抗进行连续染色,二抗是AlexaFluor488/568/594/647荧光染料(Invitrogen)的缀合物。核DNA使用1μM Hoechst33258(Sigma-Aldrich)标记。荧光显微镜配(Axio Observer ZI;Carl Zeiss)备有X-Cite系列120Q灯(Lumen Dynamics),DAPI/GFP/Texas-Red/Cy5滤光片单元(Carl Zeiss)和sCMOS相机(ORCA-FLASH4.0,Hamamatsu)以获得荧光图像,并使用ZEN2012(Carl Zeiss)分析和处理显微图像。
在中心体分离之前,中心体相连的F-肌动蛋白在非G2(Cyclin B1阴性)和G2细胞(Cyclin B1阳性)中定量(中心体间距<2μm,通过使用ZEN2012定量)。为了使中心体相连的F-肌动蛋白染色,细胞通过胰蛋白酶Trypsin分离,离心沉淀,并用含有4%多聚甲醛(paraformaldehyde)的PBS溶液固定。将已固定细胞在4℃下在盖玻片上孵育过夜,在0.2%Triton X-100中透化2分钟,并进行一抗和二抗的染色。用Alexa Fluor350/647-鬼笔环肽(Invitrogen)将F-肌动蛋白染色30分钟。使用ZEN2012软件在3μm直径的圆中测量中心体相关的F-肌动蛋白的荧光强度。背景荧光取自相同大小的细胞质区域而没有F-肌动蛋白,并从中心体强度中减去。
生物素化(Biotinylation)标签GAS2L1的下拉实验
有Bio-2×TEV-FLAG或Bio-2×TEV-GFP标记GAS2L1与BirA在HEK293T细胞中共表达,并在具有10%FBS和1%青霉素/链霉素的DMEM/Ham's F10(1:1比例)中培养。在裂解缓冲液(50mM HEPES,pH7.4,0.5%Triton X-100,150mM NaCl,1mM MgCl2,10mM NaF,1mM二硫苏糖醇(dithiothreitol)和Roche protease inhibitor)中提取细胞,并通过以下方法澄清提取物:在4℃下以16000×g离心15分钟,用Dynabeads M-280链霉抗生物素蛋白珠(Invitrogen)在4℃下旋转2小时进行异位表达GAS2L1的下拉。为了分析与GAS2L1相连接的蛋白质,用不含二硫苏糖醇(dithiothreitol)和蛋白酶抑制剂(protease inhibitor)的裂解缓冲液彻底洗涤珠子,在95℃下煮沸,并用于SDS-PAGE和免疫印迹。为了测试GAS2L1和肌动蛋白丝之间的结合,细胞提取物在F-肌动蛋白缓冲液(50mM PIPES,pH6.9,0.5%TritonX-100,50mM NaCl,5mM MgCl2,5mM EGTA,5%甘油,1mM ATP,1mM二硫苏糖醇和蛋白酶抑制剂混合物)中进行下拉。
体外磷酸化分析
GFP-GAS2L1与生物素化标签(Biotinylation tag)融合表达,并用Dynabeads M-280链霉抗生物素蛋白珠下拉。在用磷酸酶缓冲液(50mM HEPES,pH8.0,0.1%Triton X-100,100mM NaCl和10mM MgCl2)洗涤后,用小牛肠磷酸酶(calf intestinal phosphatase;New England Biolabs)在37℃处理珠子1小时。处理后,依次用含有1M NaCl裂解缓冲液和TEV裂解液(50mM HEPES,pH7.4,0.05%Triton X-100,150mM NaCl,1mM MgCl2,1mM EGTA和1mM二硫苏糖醇(dithiothreitol))洗涤珠子。通过用TEV蛋白酶切割回收GFP-GAS2L1。纯化的GFP-GAS2L1蛋白(0.5μg)在激酶缓冲液(50mM Tris-HCl,pH7.7,10mM MgCl2,1mM二硫苏糖醇(dithiothreitol),10mM NaF,and0.1mM ATP)与50ng Nek2A激酶(GST标记,Abcam)于30℃磷酸化1小时,并通过添加SDS-PAGE样品缓冲液在95℃下煮沸来终止反应。最后通过抗磷酸-GAS2L1(pSer352)免疫印迹检测GAS2L1磷酸化。
统计分析
所有量化的数据集从至少3次独立实验中收集,并通过未配对的学生t检验进行分析。
上面结合附图对本发明的实施例进行了描述,但是本发明并不局限于上述的具体实施方式,上述的具体实施方式仅仅是示意性的,而不是限制性的,本领域的普通技术人员在本发明的启示下,在不脱离本发明宗旨和权利要求所保护的范围情况下,还可做出很多形式,这些均属于本发明的保护之内。
SEQUENCE LISTING
<110> 香港科技大学深圳研究院
<120> 诊断生物标记物、治疗靶点及其检测工具
<130> 1
<160> 1
<170> PatentIn version 3.5
<210> 1
<211> 681
<212> PRT
<213> Homo sapiens
<400> 1
Met Ala Asp Pro Val Ala Gly Ile Ala Gly Ser Ala Ala Lys Ser Val
1 5 10 15
Arg Pro Phe Arg Ser Ser Glu Ala Tyr Val Glu Ala Met Lys Glu Asp
20 25 30
Leu Ala Glu Trp Leu Asn Ala Leu Tyr Gly Leu Gly Leu Pro Gly Gly
35 40 45
Gly Asp Gly Phe Leu Thr Gly Leu Ala Thr Gly Thr Thr Leu Cys Gln
50 55 60
His Ala Asn Ala Val Thr Glu Ala Ala Arg Ala Leu Ala Ala Ala Arg
65 70 75 80
Pro Ala Arg Gly Val Ala Phe Gln Ala His Ser Val Val Pro Gly Ser
85 90 95
Phe Met Ala Arg Asp Asn Val Ala Thr Phe Ile Gly Trp Cys Arg Val
100 105 110
Glu Leu Gly Val Pro Glu Val Leu Met Phe Glu Thr Glu Asp Leu Val
115 120 125
Leu Arg Lys Asn Glu Lys Ser Val Val Leu Cys Leu Leu Glu Val Ala
130 135 140
Arg Arg Gly Ala Arg Leu Gly Leu Leu Ala Pro Arg Leu Val Gln Phe
145 150 155 160
Glu Gln Glu Ile Glu Arg Glu Leu Arg Ala Ala Pro Pro Ala Pro Asn
165 170 175
Ala Pro Ala Ala Gly Glu Asp Thr Thr Glu Thr Ala Pro Ala Pro Gly
180 185 190
Thr Pro Ala Arg Gly Pro Arg Met Thr Pro Ser Asp Leu Arg Asn Leu
195 200 205
Asp Glu Leu Val Arg Glu Ile Leu Gly Arg Cys Thr Cys Pro Asp Gln
210 215 220
Phe Pro Met Ile Lys Val Ser Glu Gly Lys Tyr Arg Val Gly Asp Ser
225 230 235 240
Ser Leu Leu Ile Phe Val Arg Val Leu Arg Ser His Val Met Val Arg
245 250 255
Val Gly Gly Gly Trp Asp Thr Leu Glu His Tyr Leu Asp Lys His Asp
260 265 270
Pro Cys Arg Cys Ser Ser Thr Ala His Arg Pro Pro Gln Pro Arg Val
275 280 285
Cys Thr Phe Ser Pro Gln Arg Val Ser Pro Thr Thr Ser Pro Arg Pro
290 295 300
Ala Ser Pro Val Pro Gly Ser Glu Arg Arg Gly Ser Arg Pro Glu Met
305 310 315 320
Thr Pro Val Ser Leu Arg Ser Thr Lys Glu Gly Pro Glu Thr Pro Pro
325 330 335
Arg Pro Arg Asp Gln Leu Pro Pro His Pro Arg Ser Arg Arg Tyr Ser
340 345 350
Gly Asp Ser Asp Ser Ser Ala Ser Ser Ala Gln Ser Gly Pro Leu Gly
355 360 365
Thr Arg Ser Asp Asp Thr Gly Thr Gly Pro Arg Arg Glu Arg Pro Ser
370 375 380
Arg Arg Leu Thr Thr Gly Thr Pro Ala Ser Pro Arg Arg Pro Pro Ala
385 390 395 400
Leu Arg Ser Gln Ser Arg Asp Arg Leu Asp Arg Gly Arg Pro Arg Gly
405 410 415
Ala Pro Gly Gly Arg Gly Ala Gln Leu Ser Val Pro Ser Pro Ala Arg
420 425 430
Arg Ala Arg Ser Gln Ser Arg Glu Glu Gln Ala Val Leu Leu Val Arg
435 440 445
Arg Asp Arg Asp Gly Gln His Ser Trp Val Pro Arg Gly Arg Gly Ser
450 455 460
Gly Gly Ser Gly Arg Ser Thr Pro Gln Thr Pro Arg Ala Arg Ser Pro
465 470 475 480
Ala Ala Pro Arg Leu Ser Arg Val Ser Ser Pro Ser Pro Glu Leu Gly
485 490 495
Thr Thr Pro Ala Ser Ile Phe Arg Thr Pro Leu Gln Leu Asp Pro Gln
500 505 510
Gln Glu Gln Gln Leu Phe Arg Arg Leu Glu Glu Glu Phe Leu Ala Asn
515 520 525
Ala Arg Ala Leu Glu Ala Val Ala Ser Val Thr Pro Thr Gly Pro Ala
530 535 540
Pro Asp Pro Ala Arg Ala Pro Asp Pro Pro Ala Pro Asp Ser Ala Tyr
545 550 555 560
Cys Ser Ser Ser Ser Ser Ser Ser Ser Leu Ser Val Leu Gly Gly Lys
565 570 575
Cys Gly Gln Pro Gly Asp Ser Gly Arg Thr Ala Asn Gly Leu Pro Gly
580 585 590
Pro Arg Ser Gln Ala Leu Ser Ser Ser Ser Asp Glu Gly Ser Pro Cys
595 600 605
Pro Gly Met Gly Gly Pro Leu Asp Ala Pro Gly Ser Pro Leu Ala Cys
610 615 620
Thr Glu Pro Ser Arg Thr Trp Ala Arg Gly Arg Met Asp Thr Gln Pro
625 630 635 640
Asp Arg Lys Pro Ser Arg Ile Pro Thr Pro Arg Gly Pro Arg Arg Pro
645 650 655
Ser Gly Pro Ala Glu Leu Gly Thr Trp His Ala Leu His Ser Val Thr
660 665 670
Pro Arg Ala Glu Pro Asp Ser Trp Met
675 680
Claims (8)
1.一种用于指示中心体分离的诊断生物标记物,其特征在于,采用Ser352位点的磷酸化的GAS2L1蛋白;该Ser352位点的磷酸化的GAS2L1蛋白的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO:1所示。
2.一种基因组稳定性相关疾病的诊断生物标记物,其特征在于,采用Ser352位点的磷酸化的GAS2L1蛋白;该Ser352位点的磷酸化的GAS2L1蛋白的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO:1所示。
3.一种基因组稳定性相关疾病的治疗靶点,其特征在于,采用Ser352位点的磷酸化的GAS2L1蛋白;该Ser352位点的磷酸化的GAS2L1蛋白的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO:1所示。
4.一种检测工具,用于检测如权利要求1-3中任意一项所述的Ser352位点的磷酸化的GAS2L1蛋白,其特征在于,采用Ser352位点磷酸化的GAS2L1蛋白抗体。
5.根据权利要求4所述的检测工具,其特征在于,所述Ser352位点磷酸化的GAS2L1蛋白抗体是使用合成肽HPRSRRYpSGDSDSSAC(GAS2L1 345–359)免疫动物生成。
6.根据权利要求5所述的检测工具,其特征在于,所述动物为兔子、小鼠或大鼠。
7.一种GAS2L1蛋白,其特征在于,其表达水平具有用于指示中心体分离的用途;和/或用作基因组稳定性相关疾病的诊断生物标记物和/或治疗靶点的用途。
8.一种下调GAS2L1蛋白的Ser352位点的磷酸化的方法,其特征在于,通过抑制GAS2L1蛋白与Nek2A相互作用实现,用作基因组稳定性相关疾病的治疗靶点。
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