CN111777120A - Method and device for treating low-calorific-value waste liquid - Google Patents
Method and device for treating low-calorific-value waste liquid Download PDFInfo
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- CN111777120A CN111777120A CN202010669971.0A CN202010669971A CN111777120A CN 111777120 A CN111777120 A CN 111777120A CN 202010669971 A CN202010669971 A CN 202010669971A CN 111777120 A CN111777120 A CN 111777120A
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
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- F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
- F23G7/04—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste liquors, e.g. sulfite liquors
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for treating low-calorific-value waste liquid, which comprises the following steps: carrying out evaporation concentration treatment on the low-heat-value waste liquid by using steam waste heat generated by an incineration system, and carrying out evaporation concentration treatment on the low-heat-value waste liquid to generate a concentrated solution and gaseous steam; introducing the concentrated solution into an incineration system for incineration disposal; and introducing the gaseous steam into an incineration system for incineration disposal. According to the method for disposing the low-heat-value waste liquid, the low-heat-value waste liquid is evaporated and concentrated, the low-heat-value waste liquid is made to generate the concentrated liquid and the gaseous steam and the concentrated liquid and the gaseous steam respectively enter the incineration system for incineration disposal, the incineration is stable, all components in the low-heat-value waste liquid are guaranteed to be subjected to high-temperature degradation toxicity treatment, the whole process meets the requirement of incineration, no residue or little residual quantity exists, and no new pollutant is generated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of waste liquid treatment, in particular to a treatment method and a treatment device for low-calorific-value waste liquid.
Background
The low-calorific-value waste liquid in the hazardous waste disposal market generally refers to waste liquid with calorific value below 1000Kcal/kg, and the low-calorific-value waste liquid in the hazardous waste disposal market has high yield, low disposal price and poor economic benefit at present.
The hazardous waste disposal by the incineration method is to convert organic matters and the like in the hazardous waste into harmless substances such as water, carbon dioxide and the like by oxidizing and decomposing the hazardous waste at high temperature. This method for disposing hazardous waste is considered to be the most effective method for disposing hazardous waste because it can achieve reduction, harmlessness, and recycling at the same time when disposing hazardous waste, and is also a method generally used for disposing hazardous waste at present.
When the low-calorific-value waste liquid is based on an incineration method, the low-calorific-value waste liquid is directly incinerated through an incineration system, however, the unit calorific value of the waste liquid is low, so that the consumption of fuel is increased and the disposal cost is increased in order to reach the specified incineration temperature.
CN 102042602A discloses a method and a device for treating toxic waste liquid generated by smoke concentration, gasification and incineration, which is a comprehensive treatment method for toxic waste liquid, wherein high-temperature smoke is used for concentrating, vaporizing and gasifying low-calorific-value toxic waste liquid to form steam and gas which are respectively sent into an incinerator for combustion treatment. However, this scheme needs to pass through gasification stove gasification with concentrated low heat value waste liquid gas, and the low heat value waste liquid on the market not only the calorific value is low, and the composition is complicated, has single liquid, and a large amount of soluble solid-state complicated waste liquid that contains salt still, adopt this scheme when handling the low heat value waste liquid that contains salt volume greatly, contain salt low heat value waste liquid after concentrated boiler is concentrated, when the pipeline is to the high temperature waste liquid atomizing nozzle of gasifier the inside again, can produce a lot of solids and influence the atomization effect and block up the nozzle even, increase the concentrated boiler bottom clearance degree of difficulty.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a disposal method and a disposal device for low-calorific-value waste liquid, aiming at the technical problems of large incineration residue amount, large fuel consumption and high disposal cost of the traditional disposal method for the low-calorific-value waste liquid.
The invention provides a method for treating low-calorific-value waste liquid, which comprises the following steps:
carrying out evaporation concentration treatment on low-heat-value waste liquid by utilizing waste heat steam of a waste heat boiler of an incineration system, wherein the low-heat-value waste liquid is subjected to evaporation concentration treatment to generate concentrated liquid and gaseous steam;
introducing the concentrated solution into an incineration system for incineration disposal;
and introducing the gaseous steam into an incineration system for incineration disposal.
In one embodiment, the waste heat generated by the incineration system is used for providing the heat required by the evaporation concentration treatment.
In one embodiment, before the concentrated solution is introduced into an incineration system for incineration disposal, the density of the concentrated solution is detected, and after the density of the concentrated solution reaches a preset density value, the concentrated solution is introduced into the incineration system for incineration disposal.
In one embodiment, the pressure of the evaporation concentration treatment is 0.11MPa to 0.3MPa, and the temperature of the gaseous steam generated by the evaporation concentration treatment is 101 ℃ to 130 ℃.
The invention provides a disposal device for low-heating-value waste liquid, which comprises an evaporation concentrator, a concentrated liquid delivery pump, an incineration system and a control system, wherein the evaporation concentrator is communicated with the incineration system through a gaseous path and a liquid path, and the control system is in signal connection with the evaporation concentrator and the incineration system;
and the gaseous steam generated after the low-calorific-value waste liquid is treated by the evaporation concentrator enters the incineration system through a gaseous path, and the generated concentrated liquid enters the incineration system through a liquid path.
In one embodiment, a pressure regulating valve for controlling the pressure in the evaporative concentrator and a pressure sensor are provided on the gaseous path.
In one embodiment, a density meter, a circulating pump and a discharge valve are arranged on the liquid path, the circulating pump circulates the concentrated solution in the discharge valve and the evaporation concentrator, and the control system controls the discharge valve to be opened when the density of the concentrated solution detected by the density meter is greater than or equal to a preset density value; when the density of the concentrated solution detected by the densimeter is less than a preset density value, the control system controls the discharge valve to be closed.
According to the method for disposing the low-heat-value waste liquid, the low-heat-value waste liquid is evaporated and concentrated, the low-heat-value waste liquid is made to generate the concentrated liquid and the gaseous steam and the concentrated liquid and the gaseous steam respectively enter the incineration system for incineration disposal, all components in the low-heat-value waste liquid are guaranteed to be subjected to high-temperature toxic degradation treatment, the whole process meets the incineration requirement, no residue or little residual quantity is generated, new pollutants are not generated, in addition, the disposal method can save a large amount of fuel through experimental verification and theoretical calculation, the cost of the low-heat-value waste liquid disposal method can be reduced, and the economic benefit of hazardous waste disposal is improved.
Above-mentioned processing apparatus of low heat value waste liquid includes the evaporative concentrator, burn system and control system, the system operation, gaseous state steam that the low heat value waste liquid produced after the evaporative concentrator is handled passes through gaseous state route and gets into the system of burning, the concentrate that produces gets into the system of burning through liquid route, thereby guaranteed that all components in the low heat value waste liquid all pass through the toxicity degradation processing of high temperature, whole process satisfies the requirement of burning, it is little to have no residue or the volume of remaining, and do not produce new pollutant, in addition, this processing method is through experimental verification and theoretical calculation, can save a large amount of fuels, thereby can reduce low heat value waste liquid treatment cost, the economic benefits of dangerous waste disposal has been improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of a process for treating a low calorific value waste liquid according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a method for disposing low calorific value waste liquid, including the following steps:
carrying out evaporation concentration treatment on the low-heat-value waste liquid by using waste heat steam of a waste heat boiler of the incineration system, and carrying out evaporation concentration treatment on the low-heat-value waste liquid to generate concentrated liquid and gaseous steam;
introducing the concentrated solution into an incineration system for incineration disposal; alternatively, the generated concentrated solution is introduced into a material pit, mixed by a grab bucket, and then fed into an incineration kiln of an incineration system for incineration, or the concentrated solution can be directly fed into the incineration kiln of the incineration system through a pipeline for incineration treatment.
Introducing the gaseous steam into an incineration system for incineration disposal; optionally, the gaseous steam generated by evaporation and concentration is introduced into the incineration kiln of the incineration system through a closed heat-insulating pipeline, or the gaseous steam is further treated and then introduced into the incineration kiln for incineration treatment.
Correspondingly, the invention also provides a device for treating the low-calorific-value waste liquid, which comprises an evaporation concentrator, a concentrated liquid delivery pump, an incineration system and a control system, wherein the evaporation concentrator is communicated with the incineration system through a gaseous path and a liquid path, and the control system is in signal connection with the evaporation concentrator and the incineration system; gaseous steam generated after the low-calorific-value waste liquid is treated by the evaporation concentrator enters the incineration system through a gaseous path, and generated concentrated liquid enters the incineration system through a liquid path. Optionally, the evaporative concentrator comprises a single-effect evaporator, and the single-effect evaporator is used for carrying out evaporative concentration treatment on the low-heating-value waste liquid.
Optionally, the waste heat boiler is adopted to collect heat generated by the incineration system, so that raw steam with certain pressure and temperature is generated, and the raw steam is further used for providing a heat source for the evaporation concentrator.
Further optionally, the gas path and the liquid path are provided with heat insulation devices, for example, heat insulation layers are provided on the gas path and the liquid path, so as to maintain the temperature of the material in the gas path and the liquid path.
According to the method and the device for treating the low-heat-value waste liquid, the low-heat-value waste liquid is evaporated and concentrated, the low-heat-value waste liquid is made to generate the concentrated liquid and the gaseous steam and the concentrated liquid and the gaseous steam respectively enter the incineration system for incineration treatment, all components in the low-heat-value waste liquid are guaranteed to be subjected to high-temperature toxic degradation treatment, the whole process meets the incineration requirement, no residue or small residual quantity is generated, new pollutants are not generated, in addition, the treatment method can save a large amount of fuel through experimental verification and theoretical calculation, the cost of the method for treating the low-heat-value waste liquid can be reduced, and the economic benefit of hazardous waste treatment is improved.
Further, the method and apparatus for treating toxic waste liquid from smoke concentration, gasification and incineration disclosed in CN102042602 a have the following problems, as shown by analysis:
firstly, in the scheme disclosed in CN102042602 a, high-temperature flue gas is used to perform concentration vaporization and gasification on low-calorific-value toxic waste liquid to form steam and gas, which are respectively sent into an incinerator for combustion treatment. However, this scheme needs to pass through the gasification of concentrated low heat value waste liquid gas through the gasification stove, and the low heat value waste liquid composition on the market is complicated, has single liquid, and a large amount of complex waste liquids that contain salt still have, adopt this scheme when handling the high low heat value waste liquid of salt content, contain salt liquid low heat value waste liquid through concentrated boiler concentration back, when the high temperature waste liquid atomizing nozzle of pipeline to gasifier inside again, can influence the atomizing effect and even block up the nozzle, increase the concentrated boiler bottom clearance degree of difficulty. In the method and the device for treating the low-heat-value waste liquid, after the low-heat-value waste liquid is treated by the evaporation concentrator, the gaseous steam is introduced into the incineration system for incineration through a closed heat-preservation gaseous path, and the concentrated liquid is introduced into the incineration system for incineration through a liquid path, so that the problems of nozzle blockage and gasification furnace cleaning are avoided, and the process flow is reduced.
Secondly, the proposal disclosed in CN 102042602A uses light oil as fuel of a gasification furnace, the light oil is reddish brown oily liquid, is combustible and mainly contains benzene hydrocarbon and phenols, and new hazardous components are introduced into the fuel; meanwhile, a special oil storage tank needs to be built in a factory area, so that risk sources are increased; in addition, flue gas generated by high-calorific-value waste liquid is used as a heat source to treat low-calorific-value waste liquid, on one hand, most of the high-calorific-value waste liquid is volatile, flammable or extremely flammable, so that a danger source of a plant area is increased, the risk level of a temporary storage is higher, and the construction cost of storage is increased; on the other hand, the path of the smoke is known, and the smoke passes through a smoke outlet flue of the concentration furnace, an air heater, a lower flue outlet, semi-dry neutralization, cloth bag dust removal, air induction and exhaust; the flue gas is not rapidly cooled from 500 ℃ to 200 ℃ within 1 second, and the regeneration of dioxin cannot be prevented. According to the method and the device for treating the low-calorific-value waste liquid, the self-produced steam generated by the incineration system is used, so that the method and the device are cleaner and energy-saving, and the access mode is safer and more convenient. Meanwhile, the waste heat boiler generates the raw steam by utilizing the waste heat generated by the incineration system for utilization, and compared with the CN 102042602A concentration boiler, the waste heat boiler has the advantages of higher collection and utilization efficiency of the waste heat, higher safety and more excellent energy-saving effect.
Finally, in the later stage of evaporation concentration, concentrated solution of some low-calorific-value waste liquid can be instantly expanded, so that the volume of the concentrated solution is increased, and great danger is brought to a concentration boiler in the scheme disclosed in CN 102042602A.
Optionally, in the method for disposing low-calorific-value waste liquid, waste heat generated by the incineration system is used for providing heat required by evaporation concentration treatment. The required superheated steam of evaporation concentrator comes from the waste heat that burns the system and produce, compares in need with all liquid water vaporization of low heat value waste liquid when directly burning low heat value waste liquid, and this application utilizes the waste heat to make the partial liquid water vaporization of low heat value waste liquid, has saved the fuel that the liquid water latent heat of vaporization consumed when burning greatly.
Optionally, in the method for disposing a low calorific value waste liquid, before the step of evaporating and concentrating the low calorific value waste liquid, the method further includes the following steps: preheating the low-heat-value waste liquid to 40-60 ℃, preferably preheating the low-heat-value waste liquid to 45-55 ℃, and more preferably preheating the low-heat-value waste liquid to 50 ℃. Optionally, the heat value required by preheating is derived from steam condensate, the steam condensate generated after heat is provided for the evaporation concentration treatment step by utilizing the raw steam generated by the waste heat boiler preheats the low heat value waste liquid, the utilization efficiency of the waste heat of the incineration system can be further improved, the waste heat generated by the incineration system is fully utilized, the fuel consumption in the treatment process of the low heat value waste liquid is reduced, and the treatment cost of the low heat value waste liquid is further reduced.
Correspondingly, the low-calorific-value waste liquid disposal device provided by the invention is provided with a preheater, the preheater is communicated with the evaporation concentrator, and the preheater is used for preheating the low-calorific-value waste liquid to 40-60 ℃. Alternatively, the preheater may be a heat exchanger, which exchanges heat between the normal-temperature low-heating-value waste liquid and the steam condensate.
As an alternative embodiment, before the concentrated solution is led into the incineration system for incineration disposal, the density of the concentrated solution is detected, and after the density of the concentrated solution reaches a preset density value, the concentrated solution is led into the incineration system for incineration disposal.
Correspondingly, the low-calorific-value waste liquid disposal device provided by the invention is characterized in that a density meter, a circulating pump and a discharge valve are arranged on a liquid path, the circulating pump enables concentrated liquid to circulate in the discharge valve and the evaporation concentrator, and when the density of the concentrated liquid detected by the density meter is greater than or equal to a preset density value, a control system controls the discharge valve to be opened; when the density of the concentrated solution detected by the densimeter is less than the preset density value, the control system controls the discharge valve to be closed. Preferably, the densitometer is disposed in the liquid path adjacent the discharge valve.
Wherein the preset density value is smaller than the crystallization density of the low-heat-value waste liquid to be treated under the condition of evaporation concentration treatment temperature. Different low-heating-value waste liquid has different crystallization temperatures and crystallization densities, so that before the low-heating-value waste liquid is treated, the crystallization density of the low-heating-value waste liquid to be treated under the condition of the evaporation concentration treatment temperature is detected, and a corresponding preset density value is set according to the crystallization density under the temperature condition. Optionally, the preset density value is smaller than the crystallization density value under the temperature condition, that is, when the concentrated solution is greater than or equal to the preset density value and smaller than the crystallization density under the temperature condition, the control system controls the discharge valve to open, and the concentrated solution is introduced into the incineration system for incineration. At this time, the density value of the concentrated solution is close to the crystallization density under the temperature condition of the evaporation concentration treatment, no crystallization is generated on the liquid path to generate precipitation, and the calorific value of the concentrated solution is higher at this time, so that the incineration treatment of the concentrated solution is facilitated.
As an optional embodiment, the pressure of the evaporation concentration treatment is 0.11MPa to 0.3MPa, and the temperature of the gaseous steam generated by the evaporation concentration treatment is 101 ℃ to 130 ℃; preferably, the pressure of the evaporation concentration treatment is 0.15MPa to 0.25MPa, and the temperature of the gaseous steam generated by the evaporation concentration treatment is 115 ℃ to 125 ℃; more preferably, the pressure of the evaporation concentration treatment is 0.2MPa, and the temperature of the gaseous vapor generated by the evaporation concentration treatment is 120 ℃.
Correspondingly, the low-heating-value waste liquid disposal device provided by the invention is provided with the pressure regulating valve and the pressure sensor on the gas path, and the pressure regulating valve is used for controlling the pressure in the evaporation concentrator.
As an alternative embodiment, after the step of evaporating and concentrating, the method further comprises the following steps: heating the gaseous steam generated by the evaporation concentration treatment to 130-150 ℃; preferably, the gaseous steam generated by the evaporative concentration process is heated to 135 ℃ to 145 ℃; more preferably, the gaseous steam generated by the evaporative concentration process is heated to 140 ℃. Further heating the gaseous steam to a supersaturated state of 130-150 ℃, wherein the supersaturated gaseous steam is not easy to condense in pipeline transportation, and the gaseous steam is convenient to convey.
Correspondingly, the device for treating the low-calorific-value waste liquid is provided with a secondary steam heater on the gaseous path, and the secondary steam heater is used for heating gaseous steam to a preset temperature.
In the operation process of the low-heat-value waste liquid treatment method and the treatment device, the normal-temperature low-heat-value waste liquid firstly enters a preheater-heat exchanger, the preheater adopts steam condensate as a heating medium, the normal-temperature low-heat-value waste liquid is preheated to about 50 ℃, then the low-heat-value waste liquid is introduced into an evaporation concentrator-single-effect evaporator, the single-effect evaporator is respectively communicated with a burning system through a liquid path and a gas path, the generated steam with the pressure of 0.6MPa is used as a heat source, the low-heat-value waste liquid is evaporated and concentrated through the single-effect evaporator to generate liquid concentrated liquid and gas steam, the liquid concentrated liquid can enter the burning system through the liquid path, and the gas steam can enter the burning system through the gas path.
The liquid path is provided with a densimeter, a circulating pump and a discharge valve, the circulating pump enables a circulating pipeline to be formed between the discharge valve and the single-effect evaporator, the density of the concentrated solution in the circulating pipeline is detected by the densimeter on the liquid path, when the density of the concentrated solution detected by the densimeter is greater than or equal to a preset density value, the control system controls the discharge valve to be opened, and the concentrated solution enters the incineration system for incineration treatment; when the density of the concentrated solution detected by the densimeter is less than the preset density value, the control system controls the discharge valve to close, so that the concentrated solution is continuously concentrated to reach the preset density value.
A pressure regulating valve is arranged at the joint of the gaseous path and the evaporation concentrator, namely, the pressure regulating valve can be arranged at the secondary steam outlet of the single-effect evaporator, so that the pressure in the single-effect evaporator is controlled to be 0.2MPa by using the pressure regulating valve, and the temperature of the generated secondary steam (namely, the gaseous steam of the invention) is 120 ℃ in the pressure state. Gaseous steam with the temperature of about 120 ℃ discharged from a secondary steam outlet of the single-effect evaporator is further introduced into a secondary steam heater, the gaseous steam is heated into supersaturated steam by the secondary steam heater, the temperature of the supersaturated gaseous steam is controlled to be 140 ℃, and the supersaturated gaseous steam with the temperature of 140 ℃ is conveyed to an incineration system through a gaseous path for incineration treatment.
The parameters of the low-calorific-value waste liquid treatment device provided by the invention are as follows:
the evaporation concentrator is set to operate under the pressure of 0.2MPa, the saturated steam temperature of the secondary steam evaporated is controlled to be 120 ℃, and the gas density at the temperature is 1.112kg/m3The heat of vaporization of the water vapor was 2708.9 KJ/kg. The evaporation capacity per hour is 3000kg/h, the gas velocity per hour is controlled to be 1.5-2.5 m/s, the diameter of the evaporation concentrator is 1000mm, the height is 3000mm, the operating pressure is 0.2MPa, and the secondary steam pipeline is DN 25.
The amount of steam condensate water in the preheater is 3000kg/h, the temperature is reduced from 100 ℃ to 55 ℃, the temperature of the low-heat-value waste liquid is heated to 47 ℃, the heat quantity which needs to be absorbed by the preheater per hour is 567000KJ, the effective heat transfer temperature difference is 41.5 ℃, so that the heat exchange area of the preheater is 9.0m2Can meet the heat exchange requirement.
The evaporative concentration amount of the low heating value waste liquid of the evaporative concentrator was set to 5000 kg. 5000kg of energy required by the low-heating-value waste liquid to be heated from 47 ℃ (liquid state) to 120 ℃ (liquid state) at normal temperature, namely QSensible heat 1Comprises the following steps:
Qsensible heat 1＝4.2kJ/(kg.℃)×(120℃-47℃)×5000kg＝1533000kJ；
5000kg of energy required for vaporizing a low calorific value waste liquid from 120 ℃ (liquid state) to 120 ℃ (gaseous state), i.e. QLatent heat of vaporizationComprises the following steps:
the following can be obtained by looking up a table of latent heats of vaporization: the latent heat value of vaporization under the standard condition (0.1Mpa) is as follows: 2708.9 kJ/kg;
Qlatent heat of vaporization＝2708.9kJ/kg×3000kg＝8126700kJ；
The total heat quantity to be absorbed is 9659700KJ, the effective heat transfer temperature difference is 38 ℃, so the heat exchange area of the evaporation concentrator is set to be 140m2Can meet the heat exchange requirement.
The secondary steam heater is arranged to heat the gaseous steam from 120 ℃ to 140 ℃, the energy required for the secondary steam to change from 120 ℃ (gaseous) to 140 ℃ (gaseous), i.e. QSensible heat 2Comprises the following steps:
by querying the approximate specific heat capacity of water vapor: 1850J/(kg. deg.C);
Qsensible heat 2＝1.85J/(kg.℃)×(140℃-120℃)×3000kg＝111000kJ；
Therefore, the heat exchange area of the secondary steam heater is 5m2Can meet the heat exchange requirement.
The control system of an embodiment of the device for treating low-calorific-value waste liquid provided by the present invention is composed as follows, and in other embodiments, the control system is not limited to the following contents, and is not described herein again specifically based on the corresponding control requirements.
The upper computer operating system of the control system adopts configuration software with excellent performance, has strong configuration function, and can most reasonably complete multi-window display of a whole project general system diagram, a process flow picture, a control flow general diagram and the like; a dynamic process flow picture is provided; displaying the running state and the process parameters of the equipment; displaying the state of each independent control station, and automatically recording an alarm and an event; the method comprises the technical functions of on-line printing, trend chart generation, production report generation, data processing, upper control command sending, automatic and manual switching and the like; and the Chinese editing dialog box enables the user to maintain easily and conveniently at the later stage.
The field control of the control system adopts a small and medium PLC with strong processing capacity and larger storage space. The PLC adopts flexible modular design and is compact in structure, and a man-machine interface and various communication expansion interfaces are arranged in the Micro PLC, so that the Micro PLC is easy to realize connection with other equipment; the use of 64 point I/O modules makes Micro PLCs very widely used controllers. The simple programming and debugging software has the same functional functions of communication sentences, PID adjusting sentences, various operation sentences and the like as the medium PLC, debugging and diagnosis tools such as online modification and the like are added, the application range of the Micro PLC is expanded, and the system design time is shortened.
The control system is provided with a built-in safety operating system to prevent damage to product quality and damage to vital parts during the production process. The main functions are as follows:
remotely starting, and operating preset parameters to achieve a stable evaporation state; and remotely shutting down.
The remote automatic cleaning system can clean automatically at regular time or manually at any time; the heat transfer coefficient is maintained, and the productivity is improved.
An automatic alarm system; and the error is automatically prompted, so that the user is helped to quickly debug.
And if the liquid level rises ceaselessly or decreases ceaselessly to reach a warning line, the protection system automatically enters a protection state.
The compressor protection system uses a special design to reduce the temperature of the compressor during working, and ensures the constant temperature of the compressed steam and the long-term stable working of the compressor.
The operation of the low-calorific-value waste liquid disposal device is controlled by PLC software, all output and input signals and system operation are completed by a matched computer, and the device can be matched with DCS design and use according to requirements.
The control system adopts the form of 'automation + manual control': and PLC and manual control are adopted, so that the automation degree is high and the applicability is strong. The control system is composed of a control part and a detection part. The control part comprises a PLC controller, an analog input/output module, a stabilized voltage power supply, a control cabinet and electrical accessories. The detection part comprises a temperature sensor, a liquid level sensor, a negative pressure sensor, a hydrometer, a conductivity meter, a flow controller, a proportion regulating valve and the like.
The main control points of the control system are as follows:
(1) control of liquid level
When the liquid level in the separator in the evaporation concentrator is lower than a certain liquid level, the feeding automatic control valve is opened greatly, and when the liquid level of the material is higher than a set value, the feeding valve is opened slightly.
(2) Control of secondary steam outlet pressure
A pressure transmitter (a pressure sensor) and a pressure regulating valve are arranged on a gaseous path of the secondary steam or at the joint of the gaseous path and the evaporation concentrator, the pressure on the gaseous path is used as a feedback signal, when the pressure of the gaseous path of the secondary steam reaches 0.2MPa, the gaseous steam regulating valve is increased, more secondary steam enters the incineration system to reduce the pressure in the evaporation concentrator, otherwise, the pressure regulating valve is decreased, and the pressure in the evaporation concentrator is maintained at 0.2 MPa.
(3) Control of concentrate concentration
The liquid path is provided with a densimeter, a circulating pump and a discharge valve, and the circulating pump enables the concentrated solution to circulate in the discharge valve and the evaporation concentrator. The circulating pump has two branches, one branch is a circulating loop for circulating the concentrated solution between the liquid path and the evaporation concentrator, and the other branch is discharged, so that the concentrated solution with the density reaching the preset density enters the incineration system. When the density of the concentrated solution detected by the densimeter is smaller than a preset density value, the control system controls the discharge valve to be closed, and the concentrated solution flows in the circulating loop; when the density of the concentrated solution detected by the densimeter is greater than or equal to a preset density value, the control system controls the discharge valve to be opened, and the concentrated solution enters the incineration system; when the density of the concentrated solution detected by the densimeter is smaller than the preset density value, the control system controls the discharge valve to be closed again, and the concentrated solution continues to flow in the circulating loop.
The energy efficiency condition of the method for treating the low-calorific-value waste liquid provided by the invention is illustrated by specific energy consumption analysis as follows:
when the low-heat-value waste liquid is treated by evaporation concentration, the analysis is carried out according to the evaporation capacity of 60 percent after the low-heat-value waste liquid is treated by a single-effect evaporator. The method comprises the steps of firstly heating the low-heat-value waste liquid from 20 ℃ (liquid state) to 100 ℃ (liquid state) at normal temperature, continuing to heat, vaporizing the low-heat-value waste liquid from 100 ℃ (liquid state) to 100 ℃ (gaseous state), continuing to heat, changing the gaseous low-heat-value waste liquid from 100 ℃ (gaseous state) to 110 ℃ (gaseous state), and then conveying the gaseous low-heat-value waste liquid to an incineration kiln through a closed heat preservation pipeline for incineration treatment. The method not only makes full use of the surplus steam of the waste heat boiler of the hazardous waste incineration system, but also saves the consumption of natural gas caused by the temperature rise of liquid low-heat-value waste liquid after materials enter the incineration kiln.
The conventional parameters used in the analysis process are:
specific heat capacity of water at normal pressure: 4200J/(kg. ℃ C.);
approximate specific heat capacity of water vapor: 1850J/(kg. deg.C);
average heating value of natural gas: 8500 big truck/m3≈35581000J/m3；
QEnergy ofThe heat pump comprises the following components of C × m × delta t, wherein C is the specific heat capacity of water or water vapor, m is mass, and delta t is temperature difference.
The energy consumption was analyzed as follows:
(1) energy required for heating each ton of low-calorific-value waste liquid from normal temperature of 20 ℃ (liquid state) to 100 ℃ (liquid state), namely QSensible heat 1Comprises the following steps:
Qsensible heat 1＝4200J/(kg.℃)×(100℃-20℃)×103kg＝3.36×108J。
(2) The energy required for vaporizing from 100 ℃ (liquid) to 100 ℃ (gaseous) per ton of low calorific value waste liquid, i.e. QLatent heat of vaporizationComprises the following steps:
the following can be obtained by looking up a table of latent heats of vaporization: the latent heat value of vaporization under the standard condition (0.1Mpa) is as follows: 2257.6kJ/kg, then,
Qlatent heat of vaporization＝2257.6kJ/kg×103kg×60％＝1.355×106kJ＝1.355×109J。
(3) ③ energy required to change the temperature of 100 deg.C (gaseous state) to 110 deg.C (gaseous state) per ton of low heating value waste liquid, i.e. QSensible heat 2Comprises the following steps:
by querying the approximate specific heat capacity of water vapor: 1850J/(kg. ℃ C.)
QSensible heat 2＝1850J/(kg.℃)×(110℃-100℃)×103kg×60％＝1.110×107J。
(4) The energy required for heating each ton of low calorific value waste liquid from 110 ℃ (gaseous state) to 1100 ℃ (gaseous state), i.e. QSensible heat 3Comprises the following steps:
Qsensible heat 3＝1850J/(kg.℃)×(1100℃-110℃)×103kg×60％＝1.099×109J。
(5) The total energy, Q, required for heating each ton of low calorific value waste liquid from 20 ℃ (liquid) to 1100 ℃ (gaseous)General assemblyComprises the following steps:
Qgeneral assembly＝QSensible heat 1+QLatent heat of vaporization+QSensible heat 2+QSensible heat 3
＝3.36×108J+1.355×109J+1.110×107J+1.099×109J＝2.801×109J。
(6) The sum of the energy saved per ton of low calorific value waste liquid, i.e. QSave forComprises the following steps:
Qsave for＝QSensible heat 1+QLatent heat of vaporization+QSensible heat 2
＝3.36×108J+1.355×109J+1.110×107J＝1.7021×109J。
(7) The range of the calorific value of the natural gas inquired on the internet is as follows: 8000-3And then: the average heating value of natural gas is: 8500 big truck/m3≈35581000J/m3(ii) a Then, the energy saved by disposing each ton of low-heating-value waste liquid is converted into the amount of natural gas as follows:
1.7021×109J÷35581000J/m3＝47.83m3。
(8) the natural gas price is: 3.6 yuan/m3(ii) a When each ton of low heat value waste liquid is evaporated and concentrated, the cost is saved by calculating according to 60 percent of evaporation capacity:
47.83m3× 3.6.6 yuan/m3172.18 yuan.
(9) Assuming that the investment cost is 200 ten thousand yuan, 1 ten thousand tons of low heat value waste liquid is treated every year. The annual low calorific value waste liquid disposal cost is as follows: 172.18 yuan × 10000 ═ 172.18 ten thousand;
then, 200 ten thousand yuan/172.18 ten thousand to 1.16 years, and it can be found by calculation that the investment cost can be recovered through the individual energy consumption saving (under the condition that the natural gas price is not changed) only by operating for 1.16 years.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for disposing low-heating-value waste liquid is characterized by comprising the following steps:
carrying out evaporation concentration treatment on low-heat-value waste liquid by utilizing waste heat steam of a waste heat boiler of an incineration system, wherein the low-heat-value waste liquid is subjected to evaporation concentration treatment to generate concentrated liquid and gaseous steam;
introducing the concentrated solution into an incineration system for incineration disposal;
and introducing the gaseous steam into an incineration system for incineration disposal.
2. The method for disposing a low heating value waste liquid according to claim 1, wherein the waste heat generated by the incineration system is used to provide heat required for the evaporation concentration treatment.
3. The method for disposing low heating value waste liquid according to claim 1, wherein before the concentrated liquid is introduced into an incineration system for incineration disposal, the density of the concentrated liquid is detected, and when the density of the concentrated liquid reaches a preset density value, the concentrated liquid is introduced into the incineration system for incineration disposal.
4. The method for disposing low heating value waste liquid according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the pressure of the evaporative concentration treatment is 0.11MPa to 0.3MPa, and the temperature of the gaseous steam generated by the evaporative concentration treatment is 101 ℃ to 130 ℃.
5. The device for treating the low-heating-value waste liquid is characterized by comprising an evaporation concentrator, a concentrated liquid conveying pump, an incineration system and a control system, wherein the evaporation concentrator is communicated with the incineration system through a gaseous path and a liquid path, and the control system is in signal connection with the evaporation concentrator and the incineration system;
and the gaseous steam generated after the low-calorific-value waste liquid is treated by the evaporation concentrator enters the incineration system through a gaseous path, and the generated concentrated liquid enters the incineration system through a liquid path.
6. The apparatus for disposing of low heating value waste liquid according to claim 5, wherein a pressure regulating valve for controlling the pressure in the evaporative concentrator and a pressure sensor are provided on the gaseous path.
7. The apparatus for treating low-heating-value waste liquid according to claim 6, wherein a density meter, a circulating pump and a discharge valve are provided in the liquid path, the circulating pump circulates the concentrated liquid through the discharge valve and the evaporative concentrator, and the control system controls the discharge valve to be opened when the density of the concentrated liquid detected by the density meter is equal to or greater than a preset density value; when the density of the concentrated solution detected by the densimeter is less than a preset density value, the control system controls the discharge valve to be closed.
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