CN111773363A - 一种用于治疗肾结石、尿结石的中药、其制备方法以及应用 - Google Patents
一种用于治疗肾结石、尿结石的中药、其制备方法以及应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明所提供的一种用于治疗肾结石、尿结石的中药,由以下原材料制成:黄芪3分,白扁豆3分,白术3分,茯苓3分,白芍3分,甘草2分,红枣5颗,生姜5毛,海金沙3分,金钱草3分和鸡内金3分;本发明针对形成结石环境及溶石两方面着手,特别是结石疼痛,病人使用中药后一般一天左右停止疼痛,生活正常。针对改变结石生成环境及溶石,达到排石,不再产生新的结石。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于药物技术领域,尤其涉及一种用于治疗肾结石、尿结石的中药、其制备方法以及应用。
背景技术
肾结石为泌尿系统常见病,多发病,男性发病多于女性,多发生于青壮年,左右侧的发病率无明显差异。40%~75%的肾结石患者有不同程度的腰痛。结石较大,移动度很小,表现为腰部酸胀不适,或在身体活动增加时有隐痛或钝痛。较小结石引发的绞痛,常骤然发生腰腹部刀割样剧烈疼痛,呈阵发性。影响结石形成的因素很多,年龄、性别、种族、遗传、环境因素、饮食习惯和职业与结石的形成相关。机体的代谢异常、尿路的梗阻、感染、异物和药物的使用是结石形成的常见病因;
肾结石常发生于肾盏、肾盂及肾盂与输尿管连接部的结石。多数位于肾盂肾盏内,肾实质结石少见。平片显示肾区有单个或多个圆形、卵圆形或钝三角形致密影,密度高而均匀。边缘多光滑,但也有不光滑呈桑椹状。肾是泌尿系形成结石的主要部位,其他任何部位的结石都可以原发于肾脏,输尿管结石几乎均来自肾脏,而且肾结石比其他任何部位结石更易直接损伤肾脏,因此早期诊断和治疗非常重要。根据结石成分的不同,肾结石可分草酸钙结石、磷酸钙结石、尿酸(尿酸盐)结石、磷酸铵镁结石、胱氨酸结石及嘌呤结石六类。
现在胆结石治疗手段,以手术或体外碎石为主,中成药排石为辅,中药主要以八正散加鸡内金、金钱草,海金沙,中医辨证为湿热蕴结证。
现在技术存在不足:
1、未从结石形成环境来治疗;
2、体外碎石或手术造成肾脏损伤,一般2-3年会复发;
3、中药排石目前处于辅助为主的阶段,疗效应该是很有效,但不成为主流,原因应该是多方面;
4、手术和碎石不从形成环境根本上改变,易造成复发,且费用高,病人痛苦,时间长,有术后恢复。
发明内容
针对上述缺点,本发明针对形成结石环境及溶石两方面着手,特别是结石疼痛,病人使用中药后一般一天左右停止疼痛,生活正常。针对改变结石生成环境及溶石,达到排石,不再产生新的结石。
为实现上述发明目的,本发明采用的技术方案如下:
一种用于治疗肾结石、尿结石的中药,由以下原材料制成:黄芪、白扁豆,白术,茯苓,白芍,甘草,红枣,生姜,海金沙,金钱草和鸡内金。
在其中一个实施例中,黄芪3分,白扁豆3分,白术3分,茯苓3分,白芍3分,甘草2分,红枣5颗,生姜5毛,海金沙3分,金钱草3分和鸡内金3分。
本发明还提供一种用于治疗肾结石、尿结石的中药的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
第一步,按照权利要求1或2所述准备各原料料;
第二步,水煎,6碗煮成3碗制成用于治疗肾结石、尿结石的中药。
根据使用途径的不同,本发明的中药制成中成药,如颗粒药、口服液或膏剂等。但不局限于上述剂型,可按照中药剂型工业领域中已知的方法,将上述中药按已知方法制成各种不同的制剂。
白芍为毛莨科植物,芍药就是芍药干燥根,别名是金芍药、没骨花、离草,是多年生草本植物,生于山坡、草地和灌木丛中,性苦酸、微寒,归肝脾经,具体的作用功效有以下几个方面:
1、养血调经:白芍味酸,酸主入肝经,偏于是补益肝之阴血,可以用来治疗血虚、面色萎黄、眩晕心悸或月经不调、崩漏带下等症状。
2、敛阴止汗:白芍味酸,酸主收敛。故白芍有敛阴止汗之功,可用于治疗外感风寒、营卫不和所导致的出汗、恶风等症状,也可以用于治疗虚劳导致的自汗不止等问题。
3、柔肝止痛:白芍酸敛肝阴、养血柔肝止痛,可用来治疗血虚肝郁所引起的胸肋骨疼痛等症状。还可以用来治疗脾虚肝旺所导致的腹痛、泄泻以及阴血亏退、经脉失于濡养而引起的手足挛、急疼痛等不适。
4、平抑肝阳:白芍可养血敛阴、平抑肝阳,是治疗肝阳上亢所引起的头痛、晕眩等症状的常用之药。
5、提高免疫力:白芍水煎剂能够增强巨噬细胞的吞噬功能,可以使处于低下状态的细胞免疫恢复正常,增强机体免疫力。
6、解痉镇痛:白芍对于由醋酸所引起的扭体反应有明显的镇痛作用,而芍药苷具有较好的解痉作用,日常与其他中药配伍使用,但是当然作用不一、功效较多。
应该注意,白芍不可与藜芦同用,且白芍属寒凉之品,有酸寒收敛的作用,故患有外感风寒、内伤生冷、脾胃虚寒、肾阳虚衰等症时,不宜过量或大量单独使用白芍。
白扁豆是我们常用的一个健脾的药,由于它是健脾,所以一般来说我们白扁豆都用炒的白扁豆。它的味甘,性是微温的,归脾胃经。主要功能是健脾、利湿、止泻,对于脾胃特别虚弱、泄泻的患者,炒白扁豆的效果是非常好的。脾虚主要的表现是腹泻,爱拉肚子,食疗用炒白扁豆效果也是非常好的。除了脾虚泄泻以外,对于夏天暑湿导致的各种病症,炒白扁豆也是有非常好的效果,同时还有一定的解酒毒的作用。根据我们专业机构编的《中国药典》,可以看到炒白扁豆可以健脾胃、清暑湿,对于脾胃虚弱、暑湿泄泻、白带多的患者效果是非常好的。
茯苓俗称云苓、松苓,为寄生在松树根上的菌类植物,形状像甘薯,外皮呈黑褐色,里边是白色或者粉红色,其原生物为多孔菌科真菌茯苓的干燥菌核,多寄生于马尾松或者是赤松的根部。茯苓性平,味甘淡,归心、肺、脾、肾经,是我国传统药材中非常重要的健脾利湿中药材,具体的功效如下:
1、利水消肿:茯苓味甘而淡,甘则能补,淡则能渗,药性平和,既可祛邪,又可扶正,利水而不伤正气,是中药中利水消肿的重要药材之一,可用于治疗各种寒热、虚实等原因所导致的水肿;
2、健脾止泻:茯苓能够健脾、渗湿而止泻,尤其擅长于治疗脾虚、湿盛所导致的泄泻症状。对于脾虚运化失常所致的泄泻、带下,应用茯苓有标本兼顾的功效,常与党参、白术、山药等配伍,又可用为补肺脾、治气虚之辅佐药;
3、补益心脾、宁心安神:常可用于治疗心脾两虚、气血不足等因素所引起的失眠、健忘、多梦等症状;
4、增强免疫功能:茯苓多糖具有增加机体免疫功能的作用,服用茯苓多糖可改善老年人的细胞免疫功能;
5、抗癌:其中包括抗癌的维生素和微量元素、氨基酸等,食用茯苓可以抑制癌细胞的产生,破坏癌细胞的DNA,移除体内的致癌的自由基等,不管是用来预防癌症,还是用来治疗癌症,茯苓都有着非常明显的功效;
6、治疗感冒、咳嗽:茯苓对于感冒有一定的治愈作用,尤其是对于湿热等原因引起的感冒,引发咳嗽、痰多,甚至伴随手脚酸软、体乏、背痛等症状,这种情况可以通过使用茯苓煮粥或者是炖汤来达到辅助治疗的目的。
茯苓功效很多,日常可以通过煮粥、炖汤等来服用,但因其具有的药用价值比较多,不宜过量服用。
白术为菊科多年生草本植物白术的干燥根茎,分生白术、土炒白术,别名于术。性味:苦、甘、温,无毒。归经:归脾、胃经。功效主治:一、补气健脾,治疗脾胃气虚证;二、燥湿利水,治疗水肿、痰饮证;三、止汗,治疗气虚自汗证;四、安胎,治疗胎动不安证。
黄芪味甘性温,归肺、脾经,是一种非常重要的补气药。不但可以补全身之气,而且善补肌表之气,尤其对脾气虚所引起的疲倦、乏力、精神萎靡、食欲不振的病人,具有作用有以下几个方面:
1、益气固表:黄芪比较甘温,入脾经,为补益脾气之要药,可治疗脾气虚弱、倦怠乏力,及食少便溏;
2、敛汗固脱:黄芪能够补肺脾之气,益卫固表止汗,治疗脾肺气虚所致的卫气不固、表虚自汗。黄芪能够升阳举陷,也能够治疗脾虚、中气下陷所致的久泻脱肛、内脏下垂等疾病;
3、利尿消肿:能补脾益气治本,也能利尿消肿治标,为气虚水肿之要药,可以治疗脾虚、水湿、失运,浮肿少尿。
甘草是多年生草本植物,甘草的根及根茎性味甘平,归心肺脾胃经,其中有效成分包括甘草甜素、甘草次酸、甘草苷元以及甘草多糖等,日常生活中人们常常会使用甘草,对人体的功效有如下:
1、清热解毒:甘草可以泻心火,有清热解毒的作用,现代医药学已经证实,甘草有较好的解毒功能,还能抑制胃酸分泌,适量食用甘草,对胃肠道溃疡病也有一定的预防和改善作用;
2、镇咳祛痰:甘草口服以后能作用于发炎的咽部黏膜上,缓和炎性刺激、起到镇咳作用,同时甘草还能促进咽部和支气管黏膜分泌黏液,使痰容易咳出;
3、甘草可以补脾益气,甘草色黄味甘,气温益气,是补脾益气的常用药物,经常和党参、白术等补脾益气的药物一起使用,用于治疗多种气虚证,比如心气虚、心悸、脾胃虚弱等症状;
4、调节药性:甘草独具甘味,有缓和其他药味性能的作用,所以常用在复方中,能起到协调其他药物性味的功能,在各类药方中甘草能使各种药物互相和谐,所以前人认为甘草能调和百药,是不同性质的药物协调一致发挥作用。
甘草本身具有一定止咳作用,与其他强力止咳药一起服用反而会严重损害呼吸中枢,所以服用甘草的时候注意不要与止咳药一起服用,同时如果正在服用降血糖药物的人群也不适宜食用甘草,因为甘草本身具有一定的含糖量,不利于血糖的控制。
红枣的功效主要是几个方面,一是健脾益气,第二是养阴安神,第三能够调和药性。展开来讲它的作用,健脾益气方面,比如说脾气虚弱出现的纳呆、便溏、乏力这些表现的时候,它可以同党参、白术、茯苓等等一块入药,起到健脾益气的作用。第二个方面养阴安神,大枣它能够养阴血,能够起到一定的解除脏燥的作用,比如说治疗脏躁的时候跟甘草、小麦一块用,能够起到安神的作用。第三个方面调和药性,比如说它跟一些药性偏比较剧烈的药物同用,比较有名的方子,比如说十枣汤跟甘遂、大戟、芫花同用,能够调和药性,能够固护脾胃,减少药物的毒副反应,所以它主要的几个方面就体现在这儿。
生姜是常用的一种调味剂,也是很重要的中药。生姜味辛,性微温,归肺、脾、胃经。生姜具有发汗解表、温中止呕、温肺止咳、解鱼蟹毒、解药毒的作用。适用于外感风寒、头痛、痰饮、咳嗽、胃寒、呕吐等症。生姜用于发表,主要为发散风寒,发汗作用较弱,多用于治疗感冒轻症。常常配合麻黄、桂枝等药,作为发汗解表药的辅助,能够增强发汗力量。生姜有预防风寒的作用,民间流行“上床萝卜下床姜,不用医生开药方”的谚语。生姜具有温中、止呕的功效,这两个功效是独立的,其中温中作用指的是凡是中焦有寒,不管虚实,生姜都可以用,其止呕则是一个特殊的功效,能和降胃气,治疗恶心、呕吐。唐孙思邈起,就把生姜称为止呕圣药和半夏相伍,就是张仲景的小半夏汤,治疗胃寒或痰饮呕吐的良方。生姜温肺止咳,用于肺寒咳嗽,无论是外感风寒,还是里寒证均可应用。姜枣配伍,还具有调和营卫、气血的作用。但生姜因为它性微温,具有发散作用,有一些人是需要禁食的,比如阴虚内热、内火偏盛之人,还有患有目疾、痈疮、痔疮、肝炎、糖尿病及干燥综合征的患者不宜食用,孕妇忌食。生姜作为调味剂,不可多食,多食易生热损阴,致口干、喉痛、便秘等症。
鸡内金是雉科动物家鸡的干燥沙囊内壁,就是鸡胗的内壁,鸡内金有健胃消食、涩精止遗、通淋化石的功效。可用于食积不消,起到助消化的作用。用于呕吐泻痢、小儿疳积、遗精遗尿可起到涩精止遗的作用。另外还可用于砂石淋证、胆结石,起到通淋化石的作用。
金钱草气味微香,味道较淡,有一点点酸。全草皱缩成团,表面没有毛或者是疏柔毛,根较淡黄、纤细,茎暗红扭曲,有纵纹,下部茎节处有时候有须根,横断面实心,中间淡黄色,外圈是深棕色,叶为卵形或者心形的对生叶。用水浸后,对光透视可看见黑色或者褐色的条纹,少见或者不见花。金钱草的的具体的功效和作用如下:
1、清热利尿:金钱草味苦性寒,入膀胱经、肾经,清膀胱湿热而利尿;
2、祛风止痛:《本草求原》中指出,金钱草能够祛风湿、止骨痛,浸酒能够舒筋活络,治跌打伤;
3、利湿退黄:主要适用于湿热黄疸所致的各种病症。金钱草不仅清肝胆之火,还能除下焦湿热,在清热利湿、退黄等方面有较好疗效;
4、通淋:金钱草可使输尿管上段腔内的压力增高,从而使输尿管蠕动增强,尿量增加,对输尿管结石有挤压和冲击作用,促使输尿管结石排出;
5、解毒消肿:对于恶疮肿毒和毒蛇咬伤具有一定疗效,一般采用鲜品捣汁内服,或者捣烂外敷,作用都不错。在使用时,也可以配上蒲公英、野菊花等中药联合使用。
金钱草功效很多,日常也可以用来煲汤、煮粥,但它主要当作药物使用,属于一种比较凉的植物。长期使用可能对脾胃会有伤害,如果原本脾胃虚弱者,要慎用。
海金沙是植物海金沙的干燥成熟孢子,有清利湿热、通淋止痛的功效,善于清小肠、膀胱的湿热,适用于尿道疼痛,是治疗各种淋症、小便涩痛的常用药。可以治疗热淋、血淋、石淋、膏淋、小便不利、水肿等,入汤剂煎煮时要用纱布或者绢包带包好再与其他药一起煎煮。
与现有技术相比,本发明提供的一种用于治疗肾结石、尿结石的中药、其制备方法以及应用具有以下优点:
本发明以黄芪、白扁豆,白术,茯苓,白芍,甘草,红枣,生姜,海金沙,金钱草和鸡内金为主要原料,本发明针对形成结石环境及溶石两方面着手,特别是结石疼痛,病人使用中药后一般一天左右停止疼痛,生活正常。针对改变结石生成环境及溶石,达到排石,不再产生新的结石;具有清热利湿、排石通淋、健脾补肾、利水排石的功效,能够快速排出结石,减轻疼痛,泻火解毒、散结消肿、逐瘀通经、补肝肾、利尿通淋止血利的作用,同时具有通经舒络、活血化瘀、消炎止痛、降脂溶石等功效。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明实施方案进行详细描述。
一种用于治疗肾结石、尿结石的中药,由以下原材料制成:黄芪3分,白扁豆3分,白术3分,茯苓3分,白芍3分,甘草2分,红枣5颗,生姜5毛,海金沙3分,金钱草3分和鸡内金3分。
本发明还提供一种用于治疗肾结石、尿结石的中药的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
第一步,按照权利要求1或2所述准备各原料料;
第二步,水煎,6碗煮成3碗,一日三温服,一个月为一疗程。
根据使用途径的不同,本发明的中药制成中成药,如颗粒药、口服液或膏剂等。但不局限于上述剂型,可按照中药剂型工业领域中已知的方法,将上述中药按已知方法制成各种不同的制剂。
以上所述实施例的各技术特征可以进行任意的组合,为使描述简洁,未对上述实施例中的各个技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述,然而,只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾,都应当认为是本说明书记载的范围。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式,其描述较为具体和详细,但并不能因此而理解为对本发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进,这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此,本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。
Claims (5)
1.一种用于治疗肾结石、尿结石的中药,其特征在于,由以下原材料制成:黄芪、白扁豆,白术,茯苓,白芍,甘草,红枣,生姜,海金沙,金钱草和鸡内金。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于治疗肾结石、尿结石的中药,其特征在于,黄芪3分,白扁豆3分,白术3分,茯苓3分,白芍3分,甘草2分,红枣5颗,生姜5毛,海金沙3分,金钱草3分和鸡内金3分。
3.如权利要求1或2任一所述的一种用于治疗肾结石、尿结石的中药的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)按照权利要求1或2所述准备各原料料;
2)水煎,6碗煮成3碗制成用于治疗肾结石、尿结石的中药。
4.如权利要求1或2任一所述的一种用于治疗肾结石、尿结石的中药的应用,其特征在于,所述的用于治疗肾结石、尿结石的中药在制备中成药中的应用。
5.如权利要求4所述一种用于治疗肾结石、尿结石的中药的应用,其特征在于,所述中成药为颗粒药、口服液或膏剂。
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刘炳焱等: "三金汤治疗尿路结石200例观察", 《实用中医药杂志》 * |
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