CN111771789A - 活虾暂养、包装及运输方法 - Google Patents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/02—Receptacles specially adapted for transporting live fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
- A01K63/042—Introducing gases into the water, e.g. aerators, air pumps
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
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- B65B3/04—Methods of, or means for, filling the material into the containers or receptacles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B65D81/00—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
- B65D81/18—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents providing specific environment for contents, e.g. temperature above or below ambient
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
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- B65D81/38—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents with thermal insulation
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种鲜活海产品的保存及运输方法,特别是一种活虾暂养、包装及运输方法。将活虾从原水域产地连同同环境的水源运输至待距离销售仓储地,在仓储池内进行能够维持其生活习性的暂时养殖,保证活虾的适宜生存环境温度,活虾在尚未入投放仓储池之前加入有益菌,活虾在该仓储池中暂养,按活虾的数量确定内包装袋的体积,内包装袋的抗压强度为60MPa以上,外包装箱的抗压强度为30MPa以上,根据距离远近,采用快递空运或汽运。本方法为纯物理方式,还原活体的生存空间,能够保证产品在3至15天的运输时间内,实现活体在快递等输过程中的鲜活特性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种鲜活海产品的保存及运输方法,特别是一种活虾暂养、包装及运输方法。
背景技术
现有的活虾作为商品在销售过程中为冷冻的以及海水养殖几天的活虾,能够实现海水养殖几天才能存活下来的虾,只能是近海域或距离海域运输时间短的消费者才能享受到。
而对于非近生产地或源产地的消费者,例如远离海洋的偏远内陆地区,由于运输时间以及虾对生存环境的要求,如果想食用到鲜活的虾,就成了一种奢望;目前活虾销售或者是远程通过快递的方式保证活虾的鲜活特性,没有任何报道。
由于活虾本身的生长习性,活虾的存活过程所需的环境等参数值必须保证与活虾原来的生存环境一致或非常接近,因此,保证活虾的暂养技术以及活体运输是关键之所在。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于解决现有技术所存在的问题而提供一种活虾暂养、包装及运输方法。
本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种活虾暂养、包装及运输方法,按如下步骤进行:
1)暂养:
将活虾从原水域产地连同同环境的水源运输至待距离销售仓储地,运输过程中需要保证虾的适宜生存环境温度、压强以及溶氧量,避光运输;
根据活虾原生存环境,在仓储池内进行能够维持其生活习性的暂时养殖,保证活虾的适宜生存环境温度为10~18℃,水的盐度为1.022,活虾在尚未入投放仓储池之前的2~3小时,每1立方米水量中加入20~30克的有益菌,活虾在该仓储池中暂养,暂养过程中随时供氧,暂养时间2~3天;
2)包装:
按活虾的数量确定内包装袋的体积,内包装袋的抗压强度为60MPa以上,保证活虾的活动空间为单体的5倍以上,水量为活虾体积的4倍以上;溶氧量在5mg/L~8 mg/L;水的压强与活虾的原海洋生存环境的压强一致;
外包装箱的抗压强度为30MPa以上,保温温度24~36小时之内,上、下不能超过5℃的温差;
3)运输:
根据目的地的距离远近,确定采用快递空运或汽运。
采用上述技术方案的本发明与现有技术相比,上述生存环境的设置,能够保证将活虾在更换原海水环境后,将肠体内多余的物质排泄掉,本方法为纯物理方式,还原活体的生存空间,能够保证产品在3至15天的运输时间内,实现活体在快递等输过程中的鲜活特性。
本发明所采用的优选方案是:
供氧技术中,采用从仓储池底部供氧的方式。
暂养过程中需要与原生存环境一致的压强,通过水量进行控制或通过借助水的流速增加压强。
活虾选用皮皮虾。
具体实施方式:
下面结合实施例详述本发明:
一种活虾暂养、包装及运输方法,按如下步骤进行,采用皮皮虾为例进行说明:
1)暂养:
将皮皮虾从原水域产地连同同环境的水源运输至待销售仓储地,运输过程中需要遮光处理,运输过程中需要保证虾的适宜生存环境温度10~18℃、压强值相当于60米深(0.6MPa)的海水压强值(通过随时供氧,增加水的流速来保证压强值)以及溶氧量在5 mg/L~8 mg/L;避光运输。
根据皮皮虾原生存环境,进行能够维持其生产习性的暂时养殖,保证皮皮虾的适宜生存环境温度10~18℃,仓储池的水通常通过饮用水进行配制,饮用水与速溶海水晶(速溶海水晶采用市售商品,例如昌邑市海水佳海水晶有限公司所生产的)的比例为采用搅拌边测试的方式进行或者参照速溶海晶的说明书具体进行,保证水的盐度1.022 kg/m2(采用盐度测定仪测定时显示得到的数值)与原环境一致或能够使皮皮虾适应,暂养过程中的溶氧量在5 mg/L~8 mg/L;仓储池内水压强值与皮皮虾的原海洋生存环境的压强值一致,大约60米深(0.6 MPa),压强值通常采用比较深一些的暂养池进行控制或者是通过水的流速进控制压强,在水的流速比较快的过程中,所产生的冲击力使压强增大,这样通过仪器监测就能够获得与海水原环境一致的压强。
声音分贝数也与皮皮虾的原海洋生存环境相同或相近,不能超过45分贝;供氧的过程中采用池底供氧方式,随时供氧,溶氧量达到120 mg/L。
皮皮虾在尚未入投放前述仓储池之前的2~3小时,每1立方米水量中加入20~30克的有益菌,皮皮虾在该仓储池中养殖3天以上。有益菌采用市售商品:水质改良剂系列,例如:山东辰丰公司的所生产的强效应激灵(产品执行标准:Q/370703SSCF014-2019)。还需要加入另一种市售商品有益菌:例如盐城百诺生物医药科技有限公司生产的浓缩EM菌,实际投放量,按该产品的说明书摊投放即可;例如,1立方米水源大约需要0.3~0.5升左右。
该两种有益菌的加入,不仅将皮皮虾肠体内的多余物质排泄掉,而且该有益菌的加入利于皮皮虾在保持鲜活的过程中无需自耗自身的营养,保持无消耗体重的肉质饱满的状态;暂养时间2天。
暂时养殖过程中,采用在避光的车间或厂房的池体内进行暂时养殖。
2)包装:
按皮皮虾的数量确定内包装袋的体积,将仓储池内的水以及单体数量封入内包装袋中,内包装袋的抗压强度为60MPa以上,内包装袋采用食品用的透明PVC进待密闭封装;保证皮皮虾的活动空间为单体体积的5倍以上,水量为皮皮虾体积的4倍以上;溶氧量在5 mg/L~8 mg/L;水的压强与活虾的原海洋生存环境的压强一致,大约0.6MPa。
外包装箱采用高强度的泡沫包装箱,抗压强度为30MPa以上,保温温度24~36小时之内,上、下不能超过5℃的温差。
3)运输:
根据目的地的距离,采用快递空运或汽运。例如距离超过1000公里的,可以采用空运的方式,如果距离在1000公里以内的,可以采用快递汽运。
Claims (4)
1.一种活虾暂养、包装及运输方法,其特征在于,按如下步骤进行:
1)暂养:
将活虾从原水域产地连同同环境的水源运输至待距离销售仓储地,运输过程中需要保证虾的适宜生存环境温度、压强以及溶氧量,避光运输;
根据活虾原生存环境,在仓储池内进行能够维持其生活习性的暂时养殖,保证活虾的适宜生存环境温度为10~18℃,溶氧量在5mg/L~8 mg/L、仓储池水中的压强值相当于海水60米深的海水压强,水的盐度为1.022 kg/m2,活虾在尚未入投放仓储池之前的2~3小时,每1立方米水量中加入20~30克的有益菌,活虾在该仓储池中暂养,暂养过程中随时供氧,暂养时间2~3天;
2)包装:
按活虾的数量确定内包装袋的体积,内包装袋的抗压强度为60MPa以上,保证活虾的活动空间为单体的5倍以上,水量为活虾体积的4倍以上;溶氧量在5mg/L~8 mg/L;水的压强与活虾的原海洋生存环境的压强一致;
外包装箱的抗压强度为30MPa以上,保温温度24~36小时之内,上、下不能超过5℃的温差;
3)运输:
根据目的地的距离远近,确定采用快递空运或汽运。
2.根据权利要求1所述的活虾暂养、包装及运输方法,其特征在于:供氧过程中,采用从仓储池底部供氧的方式。
3.根据权利要求1所述的活虾暂养、包装及运输方法,其特征在于:活虾选用皮皮虾。
4.根据权利要求1所述的鲜活海参暂养、包装及运输方法,其特征在于:暂养过程中需要与原生存环境一致的压强,通过水量进行控制或通过借助水的流速增加压强。
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JPS6434226A (en) * | 1987-07-28 | 1989-02-03 | Colpo Co Ltd | Method for transporting and preserving live fish |
JP2007020551A (ja) * | 2005-07-15 | 2007-02-01 | Cell 12:Kk | 活貝類の輸送用梱包容器 |
CN101168397A (zh) * | 2006-10-27 | 2008-04-30 | 中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所 | 银鲳幼鱼的运输方法 |
CN103692948A (zh) * | 2013-12-20 | 2014-04-02 | 山东商业职业技术学院 | 一种水产品无水保活运输车及运输方法 |
CN109329130A (zh) * | 2018-11-07 | 2019-02-15 | 宁德市鼎诚水产有限公司 | 一种野生大黄鱼的保活方法 |
CN109548714A (zh) * | 2018-12-03 | 2019-04-02 | 上海海洋大学 | 一种海水鱼的无水运输方法 |
CN110402859A (zh) * | 2019-06-12 | 2019-11-05 | 长江大学 | 一种提高克氏原螯虾虾苗运输成活率的方法 |
CN110896904A (zh) * | 2019-12-27 | 2020-03-24 | 湖北省小龙虾产业技术研究院有限公司 | 一种提高虾苗运输存活率的方法 |
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