CN111770292B - Pixel structure, image sensor and electronic equipment - Google Patents
Pixel structure, image sensor and electronic equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN111770292B CN111770292B CN202010591269.7A CN202010591269A CN111770292B CN 111770292 B CN111770292 B CN 111770292B CN 202010591269 A CN202010591269 A CN 202010591269A CN 111770292 B CN111770292 B CN 111770292B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
- H04N25/70—SSIS architectures; Circuits associated therewith
- H04N25/76—Addressed sensors, e.g. MOS or CMOS sensors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/60—Control of cameras or camera modules
- H04N23/67—Focus control based on electronic image sensor signals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/60—Control of cameras or camera modules
- H04N23/665—Control of cameras or camera modules involving internal camera communication with the image sensor, e.g. synchronising or multiplexing SSIS control signals
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Abstract
The utility model provides a pixel structure, image sensor and electronic equipment relates to the technical field of making a video recording. The pixel structure comprises a photosensitive layer, a filter layer and a micro lens, wherein: the photosensitive layer comprises a first photosensitive unit and a second photosensitive unit, and the first photosensitive unit and the second photosensitive unit respectively comprise a first photosensitive element and a second photosensitive element; the filter layer covers one side of the photosensitive layer and comprises a first filter area and a second filter area, the first filter area comprises a first shading part and a first light-transmitting part, the second filter area comprises a second shading part and a second light-transmitting part, and the first shading part and the second shading part are positioned between the first light-transmitting part and the second light-transmitting part; or the first light-transmitting part and the second light-transmitting part are both positioned between the first light-shielding part and the second light-shielding part; the micro lens is arranged on one side of the filter layer, which is far away from the photosensitive layer, and is used for distributing light rays to the light transmission part opposite to each photosensitive element in the second direction. The pixel structure of the present disclosure can improve focusing accuracy.
Description
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to the field of imaging technologies, and in particular, to a pixel structure, an image sensor, and an electronic device.
Background
A CMOS Image Sensor (CIS) is a device that converts an optical Image into an electronic signal, and is widely used in electronic products, such as a mobile phone and a digital camera, due to its advantages of high integration, low power consumption, high speed, and low cost.
The image sensor in the related art mainly receives light from the same direction through two photosensitive units, thereby achieving focusing. However, when the texture information of the shooting environment is consistent with the direction of the phase detection, the signals detected by the two photosensitive units are very similar, difficult to identify, prone to cause focusing failure, and low in focusing accuracy.
It is to be noted that the information disclosed in the above background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the background of the present disclosure, and thus may include information that does not constitute prior art known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The present disclosure is directed to overcome the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, and provides a pixel structure, an image sensor and an electronic device, which can improve focusing accuracy.
According to an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a pixel structure including:
the photosensitive layer comprises a first photosensitive unit and a second photosensitive unit which are arranged along a first direction, the first photosensitive unit and the second photosensitive unit respectively comprise a first photosensitive element and a second photosensitive element which are distributed along a second direction, and the first direction is intersected with the second direction;
the filter layer covers one side of the photosensitive layer and comprises a first filter area and a second filter area, wherein the first filter area is arranged opposite to the first photosensitive element and the second photosensitive element of the first photosensitive unit, the second filter area is arranged opposite to the first photosensitive element and the second photosensitive element of the second photosensitive unit, the first filter area comprises a first shading part and a first light-transmitting part, the second filter area comprises a second shading part and a second light-transmitting part, and the first shading part and the second shading part are positioned between the first light-transmitting part and the second light-transmitting part; or the first light-transmitting part and the second light-transmitting part are positioned between the first light-shielding part and the second light-shielding part;
and the micro lens is arranged on one side of the filter layer, which is far away from the photosensitive layer, and is used for distributing light rays to the light transmission part opposite to each photosensitive element in the second direction.
According to an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an image sensor comprising the pixel structure of any one of the above and a plurality of image capturing pixel structures, each of the image capturing pixel structures surrounding the periphery of the pixel structure in a ring shape.
According to an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an electronic device including the image sensor of any one of the above.
According to the pixel structure, the image sensor and the electronic device, incident light can be divided into an upper light beam and a lower light beam in a second direction through the micro lens, the light beam positioned above can enter the first photosensitive element of the first photosensitive unit through the first light transmission part and enter the first photosensitive element of the second photosensitive unit through the second light transmission part, and an upper signal of the light beam is formed; the light rays positioned below can enter the second photosensitive element of the first photosensitive unit through the first light transmission part and enter the second photosensitive element of the second photosensitive unit through the second light transmission part to form a lower signal; when shooting, the first direction can be coincided with the horizontal direction, if the first filter area is positioned on the left side of the second filter area, when the first light-transmitting part and the second light-transmitting part are positioned between the first shading part and the second shading part, light enters the first photosensitive unit from the right side to form a right signal, and enters the second photosensitive unit from the left side to form a left signal, so that the focusing of phases in multiple directions is realized through the coordination of signals of four directions of an upper signal, a lower signal, the left signal and the right signal, the focusing precision is improved, even if texture information of a shooting environment is consistent with one direction of phase detection, the focusing effect is not influenced, and the use scene of a pixel structure is enlarged; in addition, when the first shading part and the second shading part are positioned between the first light-transmitting part and the second light-transmitting part, light enters the first photosensitive unit from the left side to form a left signal, and enters the second photosensitive unit from the right side to form a right signal, and at the moment, the left signal and the right signal can be separated through the first shading part and the second shading part, so that signal crosstalk is avoided, and the focusing precision is further improved.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the disclosure.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the disclosure. It is to be understood that the drawings in the following description are merely exemplary of the disclosure, and that other drawings may be derived from those drawings by one of ordinary skill in the art without the exercise of inventive faculty.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a pixel structure according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a pixel structure according to another embodiment of the disclosure.
Fig. 3 is a top view corresponding to the photosensitive layer of fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is a top view of the pixel structure of fig. 2.
Fig. 5 is a top view of the pixel structure shown in fig. 1.
Fig. 6 isbase:Sub>A cross-sectional view alongbase:Sub>A-base:Sub>A corresponding to the pixel structure of fig. 4.
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a planarization layer in an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of an image sensor according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of an image sensor according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
Fig. 10 is a schematic view of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
In the figure: 100. a pixel structure; 10. a photosensitive layer; 101. a first photosensitive unit; 102. a second photosensitive unit; 103. a reflective film; 1001. a first photosensitive element; 1002. a second photosensitive element; 10011. a first PD; 10021. a second PD; 10012. a third PD; 10022. a fourth PD; 20. a filter layer; 201. a first light filtering area; 2011. a first light shielding portion; 2012. a first light-transmitting portion; 202. a second light filtering area; 2021. a second light shielding portion; 2022. a second light-transmitting portion; 30. a microlens; 301. a first microlens; 302. a second microlens; 40. a planarization layer; 200. an image sensor; 2010. an image capture pixel structure; 300. an electronic device.
Detailed Description
Example embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Example embodiments may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the concept of example embodiments to those skilled in the art. The same reference numerals in the drawings denote the same or similar structures, and thus their detailed description will be omitted.
Although relative terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right" and the like may be used in this specification to describe one element of an icon relative to another, these terms are used in this specification for convenience only, e.g., in accordance with the orientation of the examples illustrated in the drawings. It will be appreciated that if the device of the icon were turned upside down, the element described as "upper" would become the element "lower".
The terms "a," "an," "the," and "said" are used to indicate the presence of one or more elements/components/etc.; the terms "comprising" and "having" are intended to be inclusive and mean that there may be additional elements/components/etc. other than the listed elements/components/etc.
The terms "first," "second," "third," and "fourth" are used merely as labels, and are not limiting as to the number of their objects.
The present disclosure provides a pixel structure, as shown in fig. 1 to 3, the pixel structure 100 may include a photosensitive layer 10, a filter layer 20, and a microlens 30, wherein:
the photosensitive layer 10 may include a first photosensitive unit 101 and a second photosensitive unit 102 disposed in a first direction, and the first photosensitive unit 101 and the second photosensitive unit 102 may include a first photosensitive element 1001 and a second photosensitive element 1002 distributed in a second direction, respectively, the first direction intersecting the second direction;
the filter layer 20 may cover one side of the photosensitive layer 10, and includes a first filter region 201 disposed opposite to the first photosensitive device 1001 and the second photosensitive device 1002 of the first photosensitive unit 101, and a second filter region 202 disposed opposite to the first photosensitive device 1001 and the second photosensitive device 1002 of the second photosensitive unit 102, where the first filter region 201 includes a first light-shielding portion 2011 and a first translucent portion 2012, the second filter region 202 includes a second light-shielding portion 2021 and a second translucent portion 2022, and the first light-shielding portion 2011 and the second light-shielding portion 2021 are located between the first translucent portion 2012 and the second translucent portion 2022; alternatively, the first transparent portion 2012 and the second transparent portion 2022 are located between the first light shielding portion 2011 and the second light shielding portion 2021;
The pixel structure 100 of the present disclosure can divide incident light into two light beams in the second direction through the microlens 30, where the light beam located above can enter the first photosensitive element 1001 of the first photosensitive unit 101 through the first light-transmitting portion 2012 and enter the first photosensitive element 1001 of the second photosensitive unit 102 through the second light-transmitting portion 2022 to form an upper signal of the light beam; the light rays positioned below can enter the second photosensitive element 1002 of the first photosensitive unit 101 through the first light-transmitting part 2012 and enter the second photosensitive element 1002 of the second photosensitive unit 102 through the second light-transmitting part 2022 to form a lower signal; when shooting, the first direction can be coincided with the horizontal direction, if the first filter area 201 is positioned at the left side of the second filter area 202, when the first light-transmitting part 2012 and the second light-transmitting part 2022 are positioned between the first shading part 2011 and the second shading part 2021, light enters the first photosensitive unit 101 from the right side to form a right signal, and enters the second photosensitive unit 102 from the left side to form a left signal, so that the focusing of phases in multiple directions is realized through the coordination of signals of four directions of an upper signal, a lower signal, a left signal and a right signal, the focusing precision is improved, even if texture information of a shooting environment is consistent with one direction of phase detection, the focusing effect is not influenced, and the use scene of a pixel structure is enlarged; further, when the first light shielding portion 2011 and the second light shielding portion 2021 are located between the first light transmission portion 2012 and the second light transmission portion 2022, light enters the first photosensitive unit 101 from the left side to form a left signal, and enters the second photosensitive unit 102 from the right side to form a right signal, and at this time, the left signal and the right signal can be separated by the light shielding portion, so that signal crosstalk is avoided, and the focusing accuracy is further improved.
The following describes each part of the pixel structure 100 in the embodiment of the present disclosure in detail:
the photosensitive layer 10 may be formed on a substrate, which may be a planar circuit board, and may have a readout circuit. The photosensitive layer 10 may be a thin film formed on one side of the substrate, may be made of a photosensitive material, may receive light, may convert a light signal into an electrical signal, and may output the electrical signal through a readout circuit.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the photosensitive layer 10 may include a first photosensitive unit 101 and a second photosensitive unit 102, the first photosensitive unit 101 and the second photosensitive unit 102 may be arranged in parallel along a first direction, and the first photosensitive unit 101 and the second photosensitive unit 102 may have the same shape and the same area, for example, the first photosensitive unit 101 and the second photosensitive unit 102 may be both circular, rectangular, elliptical, or of course, both may have other shapes, and are not limited herein.
The first direction may be any direction parallel to the substrate surface, and is not particularly limited herein. The first and second light sensing units 101 and 102 can independently receive incident light, independently convert received light signals into electrical signals, and output the electrical signals through a readout circuit.
As shown in fig. 3, the first photosensitive unit 101 and the second photosensitive unit 102 may respectively include a first photosensitive element 1001 and a second photosensitive element 1002 distributed along the second direction, and as shown in fig. 4 and 5, the first photosensitive element 1001 and the second photosensitive element 1002 may be adjacently distributed side by side along the second direction. The second direction may intersect the first direction at an angle greater than 0 ° and equal to or less than 90 °. As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the x direction may be a first direction, the y direction may be a second direction, and the second direction may be perpendicular to the first direction.
As shown in fig. 6, each of the first photosensitive element 1001 and the second photosensitive element 1002 may be a Photodiode (PD). For convenience of differentiation, the first photosensitive element 1001 of the first photosensitive unit 101 may be a first PD10011, the second photosensitive element 1002 of the first photosensitive unit 101 may be a second PD10021, the first photosensitive element 1001 of the second photosensitive unit 102 may be a third PD10012, and the second photosensitive element 1002 of the second photosensitive unit 102 may be a fourth PD10022, and when the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction, the first PD10011, the second PD10021, the third PD10012, and the fourth PD10022 may form a 2 × 2 array structure on a plane formed by the first direction and the second direction together, as shown in fig. 3, wherein the first PD10011 may be located above and to the left of the 2 × 2 array structure, the second PD10021 may be located below and to the left of the 2 × 2 array structure, the third PD10012 may be located above and to the right of the 2 × 2 array structure, and the fourth PD10022 may be located below and to the right of the 2 × 2 array structure.
As shown in fig. 1, the filter layer 20 may cover one side of the photosensitive layer 10, and may be a thin film provided on the surface of the photosensitive layer 10, or a coating layer formed on the surface of the photosensitive layer 10, or may have other forms, which is not particularly limited herein.
The filter layer 20 may include a first filter region 201 and a second filter region 202 disposed adjacently, wherein the first filter region 201 may be disposed opposite to the first photosensitive device 1001 and the second photosensitive device 1002 of the first photosensitive unit 101, so that the first light shielding portion 2011 covers the first photosensitive device 1001 and the second photosensitive device 1002 of the first photosensitive unit 101 at the same time, and the first light transmitting portion 2012 covers the first photosensitive device 1001 and the second photosensitive device 1002 of the first photosensitive unit 101 at the same time. The second filter region 202 may be disposed opposite to the first photosensitive element 1001 and the second photosensitive element 1002 of the second photosensitive unit 102, such that the second light shielding portion 2021 covers the first photosensitive element 1001 and the second photosensitive element 1002 of the second photosensitive unit 102 at the same time, and the second light transmitting portion 2022 covers the first photosensitive element 1001 and the second photosensitive element 1002 of the second photosensitive unit 102 at the same time.
For example, the orthographic projection of the first filter area 201 on the first photosensitive unit 101 may coincide with the boundary of the first photosensitive unit 101, so that the light rays facing the first photosensitive unit 101 can be incident into the first photosensitive unit 101 through the first filter area 201, thereby avoiding the waste of light ray resources and improving the sensitivity of the photosensitive element. Meanwhile, the orthographic projection of the second filter region 202 on the second photosensitive unit 102 can coincide with the boundary of the second photosensitive unit 102, so that the light rays facing the second photosensitive unit 102 can enter the second photosensitive unit 102 through the second filter region 202, and the sensitivity of the photosensitive element is further improved. When the areas of the first photosensitive unit 101 and the second photosensitive unit 102 are equal, the areas of the first filter region 201 and the second filter region 202 may also be equal.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the first filter region 201 may include a first light shielding portion 2011 and a first light transmitting portion 2012, and the first light shielding portion 2011 and the first light transmitting portion 2012 may be disposed adjacent to each other. The first shielding portion 2011 can be used for shielding light and preventing the light from passing through; the first light-transmitting portion 2012 can be used to transmit light so that the light enters the first PD10011 and the second PD10021 from the first light-transmitting portion 2012.
The first opaque portions 2011 may have a rectangular shape, a trapezoidal shape, a parallelogram shape, or other shapes, which are not listed here. The orthographic projection of the surface of the first light shielding portion 2011 close to the photosensitive layer 10 on the photosensitive layer 10 may be different from the orthographic projection of the surface of the first light shielding portion 2011 away from the photosensitive layer 10 on the photosensitive layer 10 in area, that is, the cross section of the first light shielding portion 2011 in the thickness direction thereof may be trapezoidal. For the first photosensitive unit 101, the cross sections of the first light shielding portions 2011 corresponding to two adjacent PDs in the thickness direction thereof may be trapezoid shapes that are inverted from each other, for example, the first light shielding portion 2011 corresponding to the first PD10011 may be a positive trapezoid shape, and the first light shielding portion 2011 corresponding to the second PD10021 may be an inverted trapezoid shape, so that the optical signals in the upper and lower directions in the 2 × 2 array can be distinguished.
The positive trapezoid refers to a trapezoid structure in which the area of the positive projection of the surface of the first light shielding portion 2011 that is away from the photosensitive layer 10 on the photosensitive layer 10 is smaller than the area of the positive projection of the surface of the first light shielding portion 2011 that is close to the photosensitive layer 10 on the photosensitive layer 10; the inverted trapezoid refers to a trapezoid structure in which the area of the orthographic projection of the surface of the first light shielding portion 2011 that is away from the photosensitive layer 10 on the photosensitive layer 10 is larger than the area of the orthographic projection of the surface of the first light shielding portion 2011 that is close to the photosensitive layer 10 on the photosensitive layer 10.
Optionally, the first shielding portion 2011 may be rectangular and may be disposed obliquely with respect to the second direction, for example, the first shielding portion 2011 may form a preset included angle with the second direction in the length direction, and the preset included angle may range from 0 ° to 45 °, for example, it may range from 0 °, 10 °, 20 °, 30 °, 40 ° or 45 °, and of course, other angles may also be used, which are not listed here.
The first light shielding portion 2011 may be made of a light shielding material, for example, it may include a metal material, or may include an organic polymer material, or of course, it may be made of other materials, which are not particularly limited as long as they can shield light.
It should be noted that the thickness of the first light shielding portion 2011 may range from 1um to 2um, and when the thickness is smaller than 1um, the first light shielding portion may not perform the light shielding function because of being too thin, and when the thickness is larger than 2um, the size of the pixel structure increases, which affects the integration level.
The first transparent portion 2012 may be made of a transparent material, for example, organic polymer or organic glass, which is not limited herein as long as it can transmit light. Further, in order to ensure flatness of the photosensitive layer 10, the thickness of the first translucent portion 2012 may be equal to the thickness of the first light shielding portion 2011.
The first light-transmitting portion 2012 can also perform light filtering, which may have a specific color, and the colors of the first light-transmitting portions 2012 corresponding to the first PD10011 and the second PD10021 may be the same or different, and are not particularly limited herein, and when the colors of the first light-transmitting portions 2012 corresponding to the first PD10011 and the second PD10021 are different, the first light-transmitting portion 2012 can transmit the light with the same color, so as to implement light filtering.
For example, the color of the first light-transmitting portion 2012 disposed opposite to the first PD10011 may be blue, which may allow blue light to enter into the first PD10011, and the color of the first light-transmitting portion 2012 disposed opposite to the second PD10021 may be red, which may allow red light to enter into the second PD10021, so that a controllable selection of a light signal with a specific color may be achieved. Of course, the first light transmitting portion 2012 provided opposite to the first PD10011 and the second PD10021 may have the same color, and monochromatic light may be transmitted, for example, the entire color of the first light transmitting portion 2012 is white, and white light may be transmitted.
The second filter region 202 may include a second light shielding portion 2021 and a second light transmitting portion 2022, and the second light shielding portion 2021 and the second light transmitting portion 2022 may be disposed adjacent to each other. The second shading part 2021 can be used for shading light and preventing the light from passing through; the second light-transmitting portion 2022 may be used to transmit light so that the light enters the third PD10012 and the fourth PD10022 from the second light-transmitting portion 2022.
The second opaque portion 2021 and the first opaque portion 2011 may have the same shape, material, thickness and inclination angle, and reference may be made to the first opaque portion 2011, which is not repeated herein. The orthographic projection of the surface of the second light-shielding portion 2021 close to the photosensitive layer 10 on the photosensitive layer 10 may be different from the orthographic projection of the surface of the second light-shielding portion 2021 away from the photosensitive layer 10 on the photosensitive layer 10 in area, that is, the cross section of the second light-shielding portion 2021 in the thickness direction thereof may be trapezoidal. For example, the corresponding second shading portion 2021 on the third PD10012 can be a regular trapezoid, and the corresponding second shading portion 2021 on the fourth PD10022 can be an inverted trapezoid, so that the optical signals in the up and down directions in the 2 × 2 array can be distinguished.
For different photosensitive units, the cross sections of the light shielding portions corresponding to two adjacent PDs in the thickness direction thereof may be trapezoids inverted to each other, for example, in a 2 × 2 array formed by the first PD10011, the second PD10021, the third PD10012 and the fourth PD10022, the first light shielding portion 2011 corresponding to the first PD10011 may be a regular trapezium, the first light shielding portion 2011 corresponding to the second PD10021 may be an inverted trapezium, the second light shielding portion 2021 corresponding to the third PD10012 may be a regular trapezium, and the second light shielding portion 2021 corresponding to the fourth PD10022 may be an inverted trapezium, so that the light signals at four orientations, i.e., up, down, left and right, in the 2 × 2 array can be distinguished.
The shape, material, and thickness of the second transparent portion 2022 can be the same as those of the first transparent portion 2012, and refer to the first transparent portion 2012 specifically, and are not described herein again.
It should be noted that the second light transmission portion 2022 may also perform filtering, and may have a specific color, and the color of the second light transmission portion 2022 corresponding to the third PD10012 and the fourth PD10022 may be the same or different, and is not limited herein.
For example, the color of the second light-transmitting portion 2022 disposed opposite to the third PD10012 may be green, which may allow green light to enter into the third PD10012, and the color of the second light-transmitting portion 2022 disposed opposite to the fourth PD10022 may be yellow, which may allow yellow light to enter into the fourth PD10022, so that a controllable selection of a light signal of a specific color may be achieved. Of course, the second light transmission section 2022 provided opposite to the third PD10012 and the fourth PD10022 may have the same color, and monochromatic light may be transmitted, for example, white may be transmitted because the entire color of the second light transmission section 2022 is white.
The areas of the first light shielding portion 2011, the first light transmission portion 2012, the second light shielding portion 2021 and the second light transmission portion 2022 may be equal, so that under the same illumination condition, the light received by the first light transmission portion 2012 and the light received by the second light transmission portion 2022 are the same, thereby ensuring that the first photosensitive unit 101 and the second photosensitive unit 102 have the same sensitivity.
As shown in fig. 1 and 5, the first light shielding portion 2011 and the second light shielding portion 2021 may be located between the first transmissive portion 2012 and the second transmissive portion 2022, that is: the first translucent portion 2012, the first light-shielding portion 2011, the second light-shielding portion 2021, and the second translucent portion 2022 may be arranged in parallel in the first direction.
Referring to fig. 5, in the first direction, the first filter region 201 may be located on the left side of the second filter region 202, the first light shielding portion 2011 is located on the right half of the first filter region 201, the first light transmitting portion 2012 is located on the left half of the first filter region 201, the second light transmitting portion 2022 is located on the right half of the second filter region 202, and the second light shielding portion 2021 is located on the left half of the second filter region 202. Then, the light incident to the right side of the first filter region 201 is shielded by the first shielding portion 2011 and cannot enter the first photosensitive unit 101, and the light incident to the left side of the first filter region 201 can enter the first photosensitive unit 101 through the first light-transmitting portion 2012, that is, the first PD10011 and the second PD10021 can receive the light incident to the left side in the first direction, that is, a left signal is formed; the light incident to the left side of the second filter region 202 is shielded by the second light shielding portion 2021 and cannot enter the second photo sensor 102, and the light incident to the right side of the second filter region 202 can enter the second photo sensor 102 through the second light transmitting portion 2022, that is, the third PD10012 and the fourth PD10022 can receive the light on the right side in the first direction, that is, form a right signal.
It is understood that the first filter region 201 may also be located on the right side of the second filter region 202 in the first direction, the first light shielding portion 2011 is located on the left half of the first filter region 201, the first light transmitting portion 2012 is located on the right half of the first filter region 201, the second light transmitting portion 2022 is located on the left half of the second filter region 202, and the second light shielding portion 2021 is located on the right half of the second filter region 202. Then, the light incident to the left side of the first filter region 201 is shielded by the first shielding portion 2011 and cannot enter the first photosensitive unit 101, and the light incident to the right side of the first filter region 201 can enter the first photosensitive unit 101 through the first light-transmitting portion 2012, that is, the first PD10011 and the second PD10021 can receive the light on the right side in the first direction, that is, a right signal is formed; the light incident to the right side of the second filter region 202 is shielded by the second shielding portion 2021 and cannot enter the second photosensitive unit 102, and the light incident to the left side of the second filter region 202 can enter the second photosensitive unit 102 through the second light-transmitting portion 2022, that is, the third PD10012 and the fourth PD10022 can receive the light incident to the left side in the first direction, that is, form a left signal.
With reference to fig. 2 and fig. 4, it can be understood that, instead of the first light shielding portion 2011 and the second light shielding portion 2021 being located between the first light transmitting portion 2012 and the second light transmitting portion 2022, the first light transmitting portion 2012 and the second light transmitting portion 2022 may be located between the first light shielding portion 2011 and the second light shielding portion 2021, that is: the first light shielding portion 2011, the first light transmitting portion 2012, the second light transmitting portion 2022, and the second light shielding portion 2021 are arranged in parallel in this order along the first direction.
Referring to fig. 4, in the first direction, the first filter region 201 may be located on the left side of the second filter region 202, the first light shielding portion 2011 is located on the left half of the first filter region 201, the first light transmitting portion 2012 is located on the right half of the first filter region 201, the second light transmitting portion 2022 is located on the left half of the second filter region 202, and the second light shielding portion 2021 is located on the right half of the second filter region 202. The light incident to the left side of the first filter region 201 is shielded by the first shielding portion 2011 and cannot enter the first photosensitive unit 101, and the light incident to the right side of the first filter region 201 can enter the first photosensitive unit 101 through the first light-transmitting portion 2012, that is, the first PD10011 and the second PD10021 can receive the light on the right side in the first direction, that is, a right signal is formed; the light incident on the right side of the second filter region 202 is shielded by the second light shielding portion 2021 and cannot enter the second photo sensor 102, and the light incident on the left side of the second filter region 202 can enter the second photo sensor 102 through the second light transmitting portion 2022, i.e. the third PD10012 and the fourth PD10022 can receive the light on the left side in the first direction, i.e. form a left signal.
It is understood that, in the first direction, the first filter region 201 may be located on the right side of the second filter region 202, the first light shielding portion 2011 is located on the right half portion of the first filter region 201, the first light transmitting portion 2012 is located on the left half portion of the first filter region 201, the second light transmitting portion 2022 is located on the right half portion of the second filter region 202, and the second light shielding portion 2021 is located on the left half portion of the second filter region 202. The light incident to the right side of the first filter region 201 is shielded by the first shielding portion 2011 and cannot enter the first photosensitive unit 101, and the light incident to the left side of the first filter region 201 can enter the first photosensitive unit 101 through the first light-transmitting portion 2012, that is, the first PD10011 and the second PD10021 can receive the light incident to the left side in the first direction, that is, a left signal is formed; the light incident to the left side of the second filter region 202 is shielded by the second shielding portion 2021 and cannot enter the second photosensitive unit 102, and the light incident to the right side of the second filter region 202 can enter the second photosensitive unit 102 through the second light-transmitting portion 2022, that is, the third PD10012 and the fourth PD10022 can receive the light on the right side in the first direction, that is, form a right signal.
It should be noted that phase information detection in the first direction can be realized through the left signal and the right signal, and phase focusing in the first direction is completed.
As shown in fig. 6, microlenses 30 may be disposed on a side of filter layer 20 facing away from photosensitive layer 10, and may be used to distribute light in a second direction into a light-transmitting portion facing each photosensitive element. The microlens 30 may have an oval shape, there may be a plurality of oval microlenses, and each of the first photosensitive unit 101 and the second photosensitive unit 102 may have the microlens 30 disposed uniquely corresponding thereto, i.e., one microlens 30 may be shared by every two photosensitive elements. For example, in a 2 × 2 array structure, the first PD10011 and the second PD10021 may share one microlens 30, the third PD10012 and the fourth PD10022 may share one microlens 30, the microlens 30 may divide light into two columns after receiving illumination, and transmit the two columns to the upper portion and the lower portion of the 2 × 2 array structure, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the microlens corresponding to the first PD10011 and the second PD10021 may be a first microlens 301, the microlens 30 corresponding to the third PD10012 and the fourth PD10022 may be a second microlens 302, and when the light irradiates the surface of the first microlens 301, the light may be divided into two beams and distributed to the light transmission portions corresponding to the first PD10011 and the second PD10021, and the light is transmitted into the first PD10011 and the second PD10021 through the light transmission portions. When light irradiates the surface of the second microlens 302, the light can be divided into two beams and distributed to the light transmission parts corresponding to the third PD10012 and the fourth PD10022, and the light is transmitted into the third PD10012 and the fourth PD10022 through the light transmission parts, so that the distribution of the light in four directions, namely, up, down, left and right directions on the plane formed by the first direction and the second direction is realized, and the crosstalk of the light is reduced.
Meanwhile, the color entering into each PD can be controlled by the color of the light-transmitting part corresponding to each of the first PD10011, the second PD10021, the third PD10012 and the fourth PD10022, so as to realize the controllable selection of the light signal of a specific color.
The photosensitive layer 10 may further include a reflective film 103, where the reflective film 103 may be disposed between two adjacent photosensitive elements, and may be used to reflect light incident from the light-transmitting portion to the edges of the photosensitive elements to the inside of the photosensitive elements, so as to avoid light source waste, improve light source utilization rate, enhance sensitivity of the photosensitive unit, and prevent crosstalk of light received by adjacent photosensitive elements.
For example, a recess (not shown) may be formed between the photosensitive elements, a reflective film 103 may be formed in the recess by ion implantation or chemical vapor deposition, and the reflective film 103 may fill the recess, so that light incident on the edges of the photosensitive elements may be reflected into the photosensitive elements through the reflective film 103, thereby avoiding light source waste and improving utilization rate of incident light.
With reference to fig. 7, it is understood that the pixel structure 100 of the present disclosure may further include a planarization layer 40, where the planarization layer 40 may be disposed on a side of the filter layer 20 away from the photosensitive layer 10 to prevent the photosensitive layer 10 from being uneven to affect functions of the pixel structure, and provide a planarized surface for subsequent film layers or components, and the planarization layer 40 may be a thin film formed on a side of the filter layer 20 away from the photosensitive layer 10, and may be a light-transmissive material, for example, an organic material, and of course, other materials may also be used, which are not limited in this respect. Microlens 30 may be located on a side of planarization layer 40 facing away from filter layer 20, and light emitted from microlens 30 may pass through planarization layer 40 and enter photosensitive layer 10, so that light signals are converted into electrical signals through photosensitive layer 10, and phase information is provided for phase detection.
The embodiments of the present disclosure also provide an image sensor, as shown in fig. 8 and 9, which may include the pixel structure 100 of any of the above embodiments and a plurality of image capturing pixel structures 2010 surrounding the pixel structure 100. The details of each part in the pixel structure 100 have been described in detail in the corresponding embodiment of the pixel structure 100, and therefore, the details are not described herein again.
The image sensor 200 of the present disclosure can realize multi-azimuth phase focusing through the pixel structure 100, realize focusing of phases in multiple directions, improve focusing accuracy, and even if texture information of a shooting environment is consistent with a certain direction of phase detection, the focusing effect is not affected, and meanwhile, an optical signal can be divided into signals in four directions through cooperation of the shading part and the micro lens 30, thereby avoiding signal crosstalk, and further improving focusing accuracy.
Further, image information of the shooting environment can be collected by the image capturing pixel structure 2010, enabling image capturing. In addition, the image sensor 200 may further include a plurality of pixel structures 100, and the plurality of pixel structures 100 may be spaced apart from the image capturing pixel structure 2010, and each image capturing pixel structure 2010 may surround the periphery of each pixel structure 100, which may be used to achieve focusing at different pixel positions. For example, there may be two pixel structures 100, and 3 image capturing pixel structures 2010 arranged side by side may be disposed between two pixel structures 100, of course, the number of the pixel structures 100 may also be other, and the number of the image capturing pixel structures 2010 between two adjacent pixel structures 100 in each pixel structure 100 may also be other, which is not limited herein.
As shown in fig. 10, an electronic device 300 is further provided in the embodiments of the present disclosure, where the electronic device 300 may include the image sensor 200 of any one of the embodiments, and reference may be made to the image sensor 200 in the above embodiment for the structure and beneficial effects of the electronic device 300, which are not described in detail here. For example, the electronic device 300 may be an electronic product such as a mobile phone, a digital camera, a computer, or the like, and certainly, may also be other electronic products, which are not listed here.
Other embodiments of the disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the disclosure disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the disclosure following, in general, the principles of the disclosure and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice within the art to which the disclosure pertains. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the disclosure being indicated by the following claims.
Claims (9)
1. A pixel structure, comprising:
the photosensitive layer comprises a first photosensitive unit and a second photosensitive unit which are arranged along a first direction, the first photosensitive unit and the second photosensitive unit respectively comprise a first photosensitive element and a second photosensitive element which are distributed along a second direction, and the first direction is intersected with the second direction;
the filter layer covers one side of the photosensitive layer and comprises a first filter area and a second filter area, wherein the first filter area is arranged opposite to the first photosensitive element and the second photosensitive element of the first photosensitive unit, the second filter area is arranged opposite to the first photosensitive element and the second photosensitive element of the second photosensitive unit, the first filter area comprises a first shading part and a first light transmission part, the second filter area comprises a second shading part and a second light transmission part, and the first shading part and the second shading part are positioned between the first light transmission part and the second light transmission part; or the first light-transmitting part and the second light-transmitting part are positioned between the first light-shielding part and the second light-shielding part;
the micro lens is arranged on one side, away from the photosensitive layer, of the filter layer and used for distributing light rays to the light transmission part opposite to each photosensitive element in the second direction;
wherein the photosensitive layer further comprises:
and the reflecting film is arranged between two adjacent photosensitive elements and used for reflecting the light rays incident to the edges of the photosensitive elements to the insides of the photosensitive elements.
2. The pixel structure of claim 1, wherein an orthographic projection of the first filter area on the first photosensitive unit coincides with a boundary of the first photosensitive unit, and wherein an orthographic projection of the second filter area on the second photosensitive unit coincides with a boundary of the second photosensitive unit.
3. The pixel structure according to claim 1, wherein the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction, and the first light-shielding portion, the first light-transmitting portion, the second light-shielding portion, and the second light-transmitting portion all have the same area.
4. The pixel structure according to claim 1, wherein an area of an orthographic projection of the surface of the first light-shielding portion close to the photosensitive layer on the photosensitive layer is different from an area of an orthographic projection of the surface of the first light-shielding portion away from the photosensitive layer on the photosensitive layer;
the area of the orthographic projection of the surface of the second light shielding part close to the photosensitive layer on the photosensitive layer is different from the area of the orthographic projection of the surface of the second light shielding part far away from the photosensitive layer on the photosensitive layer.
5. The pixel structure according to claim 3, wherein the first and second light-shielding portions are rectangular, and a length direction of the first and second light-shielding portions and the second direction are respectively at a predetermined included angle, and the predetermined included angle is in a range from 0 ° to 45 °.
6. A pixel structure according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein the color of each of the light-transmissive portions directly opposite to each of the light-sensing elements is different.
7. The pixel structure of claim 6, further comprising:
the flat layer is arranged on one side, deviating from the photosensitive layer, of the filter layer, and the micro lens is located on one side, deviating from the filter layer, of the flat layer.
8. An image sensor comprising the pixel structure of any one of claims 1-7 and a plurality of image capture pixel structures, each of the image capture pixel structures being annularly around a periphery of the pixel structure.
9. An electronic device characterized by comprising the image sensor of claim 8.
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