CN111769366B - High-sensitivity millimeter wave super-surface sensor based on liquid crystal dual-mechanism - Google Patents
High-sensitivity millimeter wave super-surface sensor based on liquid crystal dual-mechanism Download PDFInfo
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- CN111769366B CN111769366B CN202010577541.6A CN202010577541A CN111769366B CN 111769366 B CN111769366 B CN 111769366B CN 202010577541 A CN202010577541 A CN 202010577541A CN 111769366 B CN111769366 B CN 111769366B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0013—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective
- H01Q15/0026—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective said selective devices having a stacked geometry or having multiple layers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B19/00—Alarms responsive to two or more different undesired or abnormal conditions, e.g. burglary and fire, abnormal temperature and abnormal rate of flow
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0086—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices having materials with a synthesized negative refractive index, e.g. metamaterials or left-handed materials
Abstract
The invention discloses a liquid crystal dual-mechanism-based high-sensitivity millimeter wave super-surface sensor which is formed by arranging m multiplied by n super-surface units according to a certain periodic structure. The super-surface unit comprises an upper-layer glass medium substrate, a metal strip-shaped rectangular structure and a bias circuit module which are etched on the lower surface of the upper-layer glass medium substrate, liquid crystal, a metal ground etched on the upper surface of a lower-layer glass medium substrate, and a lower-layer glass medium substrate. The resonance can be generated to a certain frequency point through each metal strip rectangular structure, and the resonance has a high Q value and is extremely sensitive to dielectric constant caused by liquid crystal. Since the liquid crystal has an inductive effect on both temperature and electricity. Therefore, whether the instrument leaks electricity or whether a fire disaster double-protection mechanism occurs can be detected. The sensor has the advantages of double mechanisms, low cost, high sensitivity, low profile and simple design.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a novel artificial electromagnetic material technology, in particular to a liquid crystal-based dual-mechanism high-sensitivity millimeter wave super-surface sensor.
Background
The super surface is a two-dimensional metamaterial formed by periodically arranging sub-wavelength structures, has high autonomous design, and can realize functions or singular phenomena which cannot be realized in the natural world. The currently known super-surface can realize negative refraction, perfect wave absorption, asymmetric transmission, non-reciprocity breaking and other functions which cannot be realized by the nature. Super-surfaces are currently being shifted from laboratory research to engineering applications.
The sensor is an indispensable device in the field of artificial intelligence, is similar to a photosensitive organ of a test person, can sense measured information, converts the information into an electric signal or outputs other information so as to meet the requirement that the system performs the next instruction operation. Sensors have been used in various industries, such as security cameras, fire protection temperature detectors, and the like.
At present, most sensors only respond to one external condition and cannot work in a millimeter wave frequency band.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention aims to provide a low-cost low-profile high-sensitivity millimeter wave super-surface sensor based on a liquid crystal dual-mechanism, which is used for the field of future artificial intelligence.
The technical scheme is as follows: the super surface sensor consists of an array of m multiplied by n super surface sensor units, each super surface sensor unit is tightly attached, each line of super surface sensor units are connected to an interface end in series, each super surface sensor unit sequentially comprises an upper glass medium substrate, a super surface metal structure, liquid crystal, a metal ground and a lower glass medium substrate from top to bottom, the metal ground and the super surface metal structure are respectively etched on the upper surface of the lower glass medium substrate and the lower surface of the upper glass medium substrate through a micro-nano processing technology, the liquid crystal is poured between the super surface metal structure and the metal ground, and the super surface metal structure is connected with an external interface through a bias circuit module etched on the lower surface of the upper glass medium substrate; the millimeter wave electromagnetic wave signal of the super surface sensor is provided by an electromagnetic signal in natural space.
Preferably, the super-surface metal structure comprises three rectangular metal blocks with different lengths and widths and sub-wavelength sizes, the three rectangular metal blocks are arranged in parallel, and the three rectangular metal blocks are connected in series through a direct current bias line. This results in a high Q electromagnetic response operating in three different frequency bands.
Preferably, the width of the three rectangular metal blocks is 0.1 lambdagAccording to the frequency points of the respective working induction, the lengths of the frequency points respectively correspond to 0.5 lambda g1, 0.5 lambda g2 and 0.5 lambda g3, wherein lambda g1, lambda g2 and lambda g3 respectively correspond to the wavelengths of f1, f2 and f3 of three different frequencies; the formula is λ g ═ c/f, λgThe wavelength of a working induction frequency point, c the light speed and f the frequency of the working induction frequency point; the working induction frequency point is reduced along with the increase of the length, namely the higher the frequency point is, the shorter the length of the rectangular metal block is.
Preferably, the distance between the super-surface metal structures on the adjacent super-surface sensor units is 0.5 lambda0～λ0λ of0Is the vacuum wavelength of the working central frequency band. Too small a distance between the super-surface metal structuresResulting in a low sensitivity, i.e. a low quality factor Q of the reflected frequency response S-parameter.
Preferably, the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal can simultaneously and sensitively respond to temperature and electricity in a millimeter wave frequency band, and the variation range is 2.4-3.2. The liquid crystal is used for sensing electricity and temperature by two feedback mechanisms, so that the dielectric constant is changed, and then the frequency generated by the super-surface metal structure on the super-surface sensor unit generates response, thereby achieving the purposes of preventing fire or early warning on electric leakage of a precision instrument.
Preferably, the working frequency band of the super surface sensor is 20-40 GHz, and the super surface sensor belongs to a millimeter wave frequency band.
Preferably, the upper glass dielectric substrate and the lower glass dielectric substrate are BF33, and provide adhesion support for other layers and encapsulation of the liquid crystal material. Compared with a PCB (printed circuit board), the dielectric substrate has the advantages that the dielectric substrate is made of glass: the surface is smooth and the melting point is high, so that the crystal filling and alignment are convenient.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) compared with the existing sensor, the super-surface sensor has the advantages that the super-surface sensor can sense two external states instantly and with high precision, for example, the sensitivity of liquid crystal to electric response and temperature response, and can be used for leakage and fire early warning and protection of a base station or a high-precision instrument.
(2) The super-surface sensor is simple in design and has good universality. By simply carrying out the rectangular super-surface metal structure with the period of 0.5 lambda0～λ0Arrangement (lambda)0Vacuum millimeter wave wavelength), a super surface sensor with high sensitivity is designed. By adopting the advanced micro-nano processing technology, the designed super-surface sensor structure has the advantages of low profile, high precision, small error and low cost.
(3) The super-surface sensor can be applied to the field of future artificial intelligence and next-generation wireless communication equipment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a super surface sensor unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention illustrating an integrated super surface sensor;
FIG. 3 is a simulation diagram of the super surface sensor according to the embodiment of the present invention under two mechanisms.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples and the accompanying drawings.
The working principle of the super-surface sensor designed by the invention is that the super-surface sensor can be applied to a millimeter wave frequency band to realize a double-induction sensor for external temperature and electricity by utilizing the unique response of liquid crystal to the generation of sensitive change of dielectric constant of two external conditions of electricity and temperature. When the super surface sensor senses the rise of the external temperature, the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal is rapidly and linearly reduced, the super surface sensor works, and similarly, when the super surface sensor senses the change of the external voltage, the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal linearly changes along with the voltage, and the liquid crystal dielectric constant changes, so that the resonance point of the high-quality factor Q value of the super surface metal structure can move, and the outside can rapidly generate a coping mechanism. The working frequency band of the super-surface sensor is 20-40 GHz, and the super-surface sensor belongs to a millimeter wave frequency band.
As shown in fig. 1, the super surface sensor is composed of m × n super surface sensor units, each super surface sensor unit is closely attached to another super surface sensor unit, and each row of super surface sensor units is connected in series to an interface terminal through a bias circuit module 6; where m represents a row and n represents a column. Each super surface sensor unit is shown in fig. 2 as being comprised of a 5-layer structure. From top to bottom in proper order: the liquid crystal display panel comprises an upper glass medium substrate 1, a super-surface metal structure 2, a liquid crystal 3, a metal ground 4 and a lower glass medium substrate 5, wherein the super-surface metal structure 2 is etched on the lower surface of the upper glass medium substrate 1 through an advanced micro-nano processing technology, the metal ground 4 is etched on the upper surface of the lower glass medium substrate 5 through the advanced micro-nano processing technology, and the liquid crystal 3 is poured between the super-surface metal structure 2 and the metal ground 4 through a pouring technology. The millimeter wave electromagnetic wave signal of the super surface sensor is provided by an electromagnetic signal in natural space.
The super-surface metal structure 2 comprises three lengths and widthsThe rectangular metal blocks with different sub-wavelength sizes have high design freedom degree and can respectively correspond to high-sensitivity responses of three working different frequency bands, the three rectangular metal blocks are arranged in parallel, and the three rectangular metal blocks are connected in series through a direct current bias line, so that high-quality factor (Q) value electromagnetic wave responses working in the three different frequency bands can be formed, and the response frequency band is 20-40 GHz. Meanwhile, along with the change of the external temperature, the frequency response can also quickly make corresponding response so as to achieve the purpose of dual-mechanism induction. The super-surface metal structure is designed to work in a millimeter wave frequency band, and has a high-quality factor value, so that the high-sensitivity sensing characteristic is ensured; the width of the three rectangular metal blocks is 0.1 lambdagAccording to the frequency points of the respective working induction, the lengths of the frequency points respectively correspond to 0.5 lambda g1, 0.5 lambda g2 and 0.5 lambda g3, wherein lambda g1, lambda g2 and lambda g3 respectively correspond to the wavelengths of f1, f2 and f3 of three different frequencies; the formula is λ g ═ c/f, λgThe wavelength of a working induction frequency point, c the light speed and f the frequency of the working induction frequency point; the working induction frequency point is reduced along with the increase of the length, namely the higher the frequency point is, the shorter the length of the rectangular metal block is.
The dielectric constant of the liquid crystal can simultaneously and sensitively respond to temperature and electricity in a millimeter wave frequency band, and the variation range is 2.4-3.2. The liquid crystal is used for sensing electricity and temperature by two feedback mechanisms, so that the dielectric constant is changed, and then the frequency generated by the super-surface metal structure on the super-surface sensor unit generates response, thereby achieving the purposes of preventing fire or early warning on electric leakage of a precision instrument.
The model of the upper glass medium substrate and the model of the lower glass medium substrate are BF33, so that the upper glass medium substrate and the lower glass medium substrate provide adhesion support for other layers and encapsulate liquid crystal materials. Compared with a PCB (printed circuit board), the dielectric substrate has the advantages that the dielectric substrate is made of glass: the surface is smooth and the melting point is high, so that the crystal filling and alignment are convenient.
The period of the super-surface sensor unit is 0.5 lambda according to each super-surface metal structure 20～λ0((λ0Vacuum millimeter wave wavelength of the operating center band) wavelengths to form a super surface sensor as shown in fig. 2. The sensitivity is not caused by too small space between three rectangular metal blocks of the super-surface metal structureHigh, i.e., the reflected frequency response S-parameter quality factor Q is lower.
The conditions under the electrical response and the temperature response are simulated by numerical simulation software. Fig. 3 shows the S-parameters of the frequency response of the super-surface sensor under two external sensing conditions. The surface of the super surface sensor is incident to external millimeter wave electromagnetic signals along the Z-axis negative direction, the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal is linearly reduced along with the rise of the temperature, the millimeter wave signals of the super surface sensor induce frequency points, and the millimeter wave signals move from low frequency to high frequency to achieve the information of detecting temperature change, so that the effect of fire fighting is achieved. When external voltage changes, the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal can also change rapidly, so that the millimeter wave signal sensing point of the super-surface sensor changes, voltage detection is achieved, and electric leakage detection or protection can be achieved.
The liquid crystal can respond to two external conditions of external electricity and temperature, and the liquid crystal and the super surface structure are integrated to form the sensor with an ultrahigh Q value, namely a high-sensitivity millimeter wave three-frequency-band and double-induction mechanism.
Claims (6)
1. A high-sensitivity millimeter wave super surface sensor based on a liquid crystal dual-mechanism is characterized in that the super surface sensor is composed of an array of m multiplied by n super surface sensor units, each super surface sensor unit is tightly attached, each line of super surface sensor units are connected to an interface end in series, each super surface sensor unit sequentially comprises an upper glass medium substrate (1), a super surface metal structure (2), liquid crystal (3), a metal ground (4) and a lower glass medium substrate (5) from top to bottom, the metal ground and the super surface metal structure are respectively etched on the upper surface of the lower glass medium substrate and the lower surface of the upper glass medium substrate through a micro-nano processing technology, the liquid crystal is poured between the super surface metal structure and the metal ground, and the super surface metal structure (2) is connected with an external interface through a bias circuit module (6) etched on the lower surface of the upper glass medium substrate; the millimeter wave electromagnetic wave signal of the super-surface sensor is provided by an electromagnetic signal in a natural space;
the super-surface metal structure (2) comprises three rectangular metal blocks with different lengths and widths and sub-wavelength sizes, the three rectangular metal blocks are arranged in parallel and connected in series through a direct current bias line to form high-quality factor value electromagnetic wave responses working at three different frequency bands, and meanwhile, along with the change of external temperature, the frequency response of the super-surface metal structure can also make corresponding responses rapidly, so that double-mechanism induction is realized.
2. The liquid crystal dual-mechanism-based high-sensitivity millimeter wave super surface sensor according to claim 1, wherein the lengths of the three rectangular metal blocks correspond to 0.5 λ respectively according to respective working induction frequency pointsg1、0.5λg2、0.5λg3Wherein λ isg1、λg2、λg3Corresponding to three different frequencies f1、f2、f3The wavelength of (a); the formula is λ g ═ c/f, λgThe wavelength of the working induction frequency point, c the light speed and f the frequency of the working induction frequency point.
3. The liquid crystal dual-mechanism based high-sensitivity millimeter wave super surface sensor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the distance between the super surface metal structures on adjacent super surface sensor units is 0.5 λ0～λ0λ of0Is the vacuum wavelength of the working central frequency band.
4. The liquid crystal dual-mechanism-based high-sensitivity millimeter wave super surface sensor according to claim 1, wherein the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal can simultaneously and sensitively respond to temperature and electricity in a millimeter wave frequency band, and the variation range is 2.4-3.2.
5. The liquid crystal dual-mechanism-based high-sensitivity millimeter wave super surface sensor according to claim 1, wherein the super surface sensor has an operating frequency band of 20-40 GHz and belongs to a millimeter wave frequency band.
6. The liquid crystal dual-mechanism-based high-sensitivity millimeter wave super surface sensor according to claim 1, wherein the model of the upper glass dielectric substrate (1) and the model of the lower glass dielectric substrate (5) are BF33, so as to provide adhesion support for other layers and package liquid crystal materials.
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| CN106019648A (en) * | 2016-05-27 | 2016-10-12 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | Filter of tunable terahertz metamaterial and preparation method thereof based on low-voltage-driven liquid crystal material |
| CN110071371A (en) * | 2019-05-16 | 2019-07-30 | 东南大学 | One bit of one kind is based on the super surface of liquid crystal digital formula and its resonance control method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106019648A (en) * | 2016-05-27 | 2016-10-12 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | Filter of tunable terahertz metamaterial and preparation method thereof based on low-voltage-driven liquid crystal material |
| CN110071371A (en) * | 2019-05-16 | 2019-07-30 | 东南大学 | One bit of one kind is based on the super surface of liquid crystal digital formula and its resonance control method |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
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