Method for preparing glass by melting solid waste at high temperature
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of resource utilization of solid wastes, in particular to a method for preparing a vitreous body from the solid wastes through high-temperature melting.
Background
Along with the increasing awareness of environmental protection, the harmless treatment of municipal waste and the treatment of slag or other solid wastes generated in the industrial production process are also receiving more and more attention from people.
The existing high-temperature melting method for treating industrial solid wastes mostly adopts a plasma high-temperature melting technology, the investment of the technology is huge, and the 20-kiloton/year treatment scale investment needs about 10 hundred million RMB. However, the single treatment scale of the plasma high-temperature melting technology is only 50t/d at most at home at present, the treatment capacity is low, and large-scale treatment cannot be realized. And the largest consumable material for high-temperature melting of the plasma is a plasma torch, one torch needs to be replaced every 400 hours, the operation cost cannot be controlled, and the maximum consumable material reaches 2000 yuan/ton. In addition, the requirement of the cement kiln for the synergistic treatment on the industrial solid waste entering the kiln is higher, the contents of heavy metals such as lead, mercury, cadmium, chromium and the like and CL-are strictly controlled, and the annual treatment amount is limited. The quality of cement sintered by the cooperative disposal of dangerous solid waste in a cement kiln has different theories, and at present, the state is strictly controlled, and whether the cement is banned in the future or not is controversial.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for preparing a vitreous body from solid waste through high-temperature melting, which treats waste with waste, changes waste into valuable and reduces cost.
The above object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
a method for realizing the production of glass body by high-temperature melting of solid waste comprises the following steps,
s1, analyzing the components of the solid waste, and analyzing the dosage of silicon, calcium and aluminum contained in the solid waste;
s2, comparing the analysis result with elements required by glass preparation, wherein the glass comprises elements of silicon, calcium, iron and aluminum, and calculating the required amount of the corresponding raw materials containing various elements according to the proportional relation of the silicon-calcium ratio of 2.5-3:1 and the calcium-aluminum ratio of 2.5-3: 1;
s3, weighing required raw materials according to the required amount of the raw materials containing various elements, wherein the raw materials are oxides corresponding to the elements respectively;
s4, uniformly mixing the solid waste and the proportioned raw materials to form a first mixture;
s5, performing compression molding on the first mixture under the condition that the pressure parameter is controlled to be 20-30Mpa, and forming a first intermediate product with the water content of 12-15%;
s6, precipitating the first intermediate product, keeping the temperature at 25-40 ℃ in the precipitating process, and forming a second intermediate product after the precipitating time is 24-26 hours;
s7, mixing the second intermediate product and carbon according to the proportion of 7: 1 part of carbon powder is added into the melting furnace layer by layer, 7 parts of second intermediate product is added into the melting furnace layer by layer at intervals; performing high-temperature melting for 90-120min at 1250-;
and S8, performing water quenching on the third intermediate product at 1250-1350 ℃ for 48S to form a glass substance.
By adopting the technical scheme, the solid waste is subjected to element analysis, then the solid waste is subjected to material proportioning according to element components required for preparing the glass, and the proportioned materials are uniformly mixed and then are subjected to molding, precipitation and melting; wherein, the sedimentation increases the internal bonding force of the first intermediate product, reduces the probability of collision and breakage, facilitates the subsequent better transportation and ensures that the free falling body in the high-temperature melting furnace is not easy to collide and break in the descending process; the second intermediate product and the carbon powder are fed into the furnace in proportion, so that the stability of combustion is guaranteed, the temperature stability of a molten pool in a high-temperature melting furnace is guaranteed, and the stability of glass substance formation is guaranteed; the second intermediate product becomes a third intermediate product in a molten state by high-temperature melting, and the third intermediate product is solidified into a glass substance by water quenching, so that the effect of waste utilization is achieved.
Preferably, in S2, the silicon-calcium ratio is set to 3:1 and the calcium-aluminum ratio is set to 3: 1.
By adopting the technical scheme, the silicon-calcium-aluminum ratio is set to be 9:3:1, so that a stable glass substance can be obtained.
Preferably, in S3, the oxides corresponding to the elements of silicon, calcium and aluminum are silicon dioxide, calcium oxide and aluminum oxide.
By adopting the technical scheme, the silicon dioxide, the calcium oxide and the aluminum oxide are common and easily obtained products.
Preferably, in S5, the pressure parameter is set to 25MPa and the water content is set to 13%.
By adopting the technical scheme, the first mixture molded under the conditions of the pressure parameter and the water content can form a first intermediate product with a relatively stable structure.
Preferably, in S6, the temperature is maintained at 40 ℃ during the precipitation, and the precipitation time is set to 24 hours.
By adopting the technical scheme, the precipitation temperature and time can obtain better precipitation effect.
Preferably, in S7, pure oxygen is charged into the melting furnace, and the oxygen content in the high-temperature melting furnace is controlled to be 8% to 11%.
By adopting the technical scheme, the oxygen is helpful for increasing the oxygen content in the melting furnace, thereby being helpful for the combustion to be more divided.
Preferably, in S7, the temperature of the high-temperature melting is set to 1300 ℃.
By adopting the technical scheme, the melting temperature at the temperature is beneficial to ensuring that the second intermediate product is more fully melted.
Preferably, in S8, the water quenching time is set to 48S.
By adopting the technical scheme, the glass substance obtained under the time parameter can obtain a solidified third intermediate product.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of an embodiment;
fig. 2 is a functional block diagram of an embodiment.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the method for preparing glass by melting solid wastes at high temperature in order to realize the present invention comprises the following steps,
s1, analyzing the components of the solid waste, and analyzing the dosage of silicon, calcium and aluminum contained in the solid waste;
s2, comparing the analysis result with the elements needed for preparing the glass, wherein the glass comprises the elements of silicon, calcium and aluminum, and calculating the demand of the raw materials corresponding to various elements according to the proportional relation of the silicon-calcium ratio of 2.5-3:1 and the calcium-aluminum ratio of 2.5-3: 1;
s3, weighing required raw materials according to the required amount of the raw materials containing various elements, wherein the raw materials are oxides corresponding to the elements respectively;
s4, uniformly mixing the solid waste and the proportioned raw materials to form a first mixture;
s5, pressing and molding the first mixture under the condition that the pressure parameter is controlled to be 20-30Mpa, and forming a first intermediate product with the water content of 12-15%;
s6, precipitating the first intermediate product, keeping the temperature at 25-40 ℃ in the precipitating process, and forming a second intermediate product after the precipitating time is 24-26 hours;
s7, mixing the second intermediate product with carbon essence according to the proportion of 7: 1 part of carbon powder is added into the melting furnace layer by layer, 7 parts of second intermediate product is added into the melting furnace layer by layer at intervals; performing high-temperature melting for 90-120min at 1250-;
and S8, performing water quenching on the third intermediate product at 1250-1350 ℃ for 48S to form a glass substance.
Wherein, in S2, the ratio of silicon to calcium is set to 3:1, and the ratio of calcium to aluminum is set to 3: 1. In S3, the oxides corresponding to the elements si, ca and al are silica, calcia and alumina. In S5, the pressure parameter is set to 25MPa, and the water content is set to 13%. In S6, the temperature is kept at 40 ℃ during the precipitation process, and the precipitation time is set to be 24 hours. And S7, pure oxygen is charged into the melting furnace, and the oxygen content in the high-temperature melting furnace is controlled to be 8-11%. In S7, the temperature in the high-temperature melting was set to 1300 ℃. In S8, the water quenching time was set to 48 seconds.
And S3, storing the silicon dioxide, the calcium oxide and the aluminum oxide in each bin, and when the required weight needs to be weighed, adopting a weighing screw to feed the materials at regular time, and adopting a horizontal mixer to mix the materials in the bins. The feeding screw has a unique steady flow structure, the feeding powder uniformly sinks on the section of the whole feeding hole, the double-screw structure is not easy to form an arch, the material flow is stable, the weight signal is real, and the metering precision is higher; the horizontal mixer enables the materials to be mixed more uniformly.
And S5, molding the first mixture by using a briquetting and molding machine, continuously conveying the mixed first mixture to a feeding hopper of the molding machine through a belt, and feeding the feeding hopper into the briquetting and molding machine in batches according to the proportion of 1 time/2 min. And simultaneously spraying fog water to the material according to the water content of the first mixture, wherein the spraying amount of the fog water is controlled by a flow meter regulating valve, and the water content of the material is controlled to be between 12 and 15 percent. The feeding hopper is fed into the briquetting forming machine in batches according to the speed of 1/2 min, so that the accumulation of materials is avoided, the spraying amount of fog is uniform, the spraying amount of fog is controlled through the flow meter regulating valve, and the water content of the materials is controlled to be between 12 and 15 percent so as to facilitate better forming.
In S7, a timed and quantitative slag discharging mode is adopted, slag discharging is set to be performed once every 20-25min, and the slag discharging amount is controlled to be 1.2-1.5 tons every time. The slag tapping mode with timing and quantification is adopted, so that the temperature of a molten pool and the stability of glass substances are controllable, the slag tapping time and the volume of a heat carrier of the molten pool are controlled, and the temperature of the molten pool of a furnace body is favorably ensured.
In the step S8, since the third intermediate product includes metal substances, especially hazardous substances such as heavy metals, the hazardous substances are solidified in the glass substance during the water quenching process, thereby reducing secondary pollution to the environment.
After the glass substance is formed, the quality of the glass substance is detected, and if the detection result does not meet the standard of the glass, the process continues to step S1, and the glass substance is a common byproduct until the glass substance meets the standard of the glass.
The waste gas discharge position of the high-temperature melting furnace is provided with a filtering and dust removing device which sequentially comprises gravity dust removal, surface cooling, activated carbon adsorption, cloth bag dust removal and sodium method desulfation so as to realize the standard discharge of the gas.
The implementation principle of the embodiment is as follows: and (3) carrying out element analysis on the solid waste, and carrying out material proportioning on the solid waste according to element components required for preparing the glass. And crushing and uniformly mixing the proportioned materials and solid wastes to form a first mixture, forming, precipitating and melting the first mixture, and finally performing water quenching to obtain the latticed glass substance. Wherein, the sedimentation increases the internal binding force of the first intermediate product, reduces the probability of collision and breakage, facilitates the subsequent better transportation, and ensures that the free falling body in the high-temperature melting furnace is not easy to collide and break in the descending process. The second intermediate product and the carbon powder are fed into the furnace in a layered manner according to the proportion, so that the stability of combustion is guaranteed, the temperature stability of a molten pool in a high-temperature melting furnace is guaranteed, and the stability of glass substance formation is guaranteed. The second intermediate product becomes a third intermediate product in a molten state by high-temperature melting, and the third intermediate product is solidified into a glass substance by water quenching, so that the effect of waste utilization is achieved. In addition, harmful substances are solidified in the glass substances in the water quenching process, so that secondary pollution is reduced, and the environment-friendly effect is achieved.
The embodiments of the present invention are preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited by these embodiments, so: all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape and principle of the invention are covered by the protection scope of the invention.