CN111761772A - 一种高阻燃抑烟lvt地板耐磨层的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种高阻燃抑烟lvt地板耐磨层的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种高阻燃抑烟LVT地板耐磨层的制备方法,包括以下步骤,(1)按照以下重量份取生产原料:聚氯乙烯树脂100份,增塑剂0~40份,阻燃剂0~50份,抑烟剂0~8.0,稳定剂1.0~6.0份,加工助剂0.5~3.0份;(2)将生产原料混合、密炼、开炼、压延、冷却牵引出料即得高阻燃抑烟LVT地板耐磨层。本发明制备的LVT地板耐磨层通过合理配比增塑剂、阻燃剂、抑烟剂的分量,使的耐磨层具有优异的阻燃抑烟性能;通过控制混合及密炼等参数,大大提高了耐磨层的透光性和柔韧性,应用于LVT地板时可以最大程度展示出彩膜的图案,体现LVT地板的图案多样性,可应用于船舶、轨道交通等使用要求较为苛刻的场所。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及LVT地板技术领域,尤其是一种高阻燃抑烟LVT地板耐磨层的制备方法。
背景技术
LVT(Luxury Vinyl Tile)地板即PVC地板,LVT地板是一种高档环保的建筑装饰装修材料,具有耐磨损、防水防潮、抗紫外线、耐酸碱腐蚀、防滑性能好,行走安全舒适,绿色环保,铺装容易等优点,可广泛应用于多种场所。主要成分为聚氯乙烯材料,LVT地板由上至下主要由耐磨层、彩膜层、中料层、底料层等多层材料复合组成。
目前常规的LVT地板虽然阻燃性能可满足家居,办公场所等领域,但难以满足船舶、轨道交通等领域的阻燃要求(采用标准ISO 5659,DIN 5510-2:2009-05)。如果要将LVT地板应用于船舶、轨道交通等领域,必须进一步提高LVT地板的阻燃抑烟性能,这就需要加入阻燃抑烟剂,但是,过多阻燃抑烟剂的加入会影响LVT地板本身的性能。LVT地板由上至下主要由耐磨层、彩膜层、中料层、底料层等多层材料复合组成。如位于LVT地板表层的耐磨层,是LVT地板重要组成部分之一,其质地较软,主要作用为耐磨,主要原料为PVC,由于未添加无机填料,增塑剂添加较多,导致LVT地板耐磨层的可燃性大幅提高,且燃烧时会产生浓烟,这些浓烟中含有大量有毒有害物质(如氯化氢、苯系物等),对人们的生命财产安全产生威胁。另外,由于耐磨层在彩膜层之上,具有良好透光性能的耐磨层,可以最大程度展示出彩膜的图案,体现LVT地板的图案的多样性,具有良好韧性的耐磨层,可以减少地板在生产、运输、安装环节中受到的损伤,同时使地板适应船舶、轨道交通等安装要求较为苛刻的场所。为了提高LVT地板耐磨层的阻燃抑烟性能,可在原料中添加阻燃抑烟剂,但是添加阻燃抑烟剂后会降低耐磨层的透光性和柔韧性,大大降低了LVT复合地板本身的优异性能。因此,为了保证高阻燃抑烟LVT地板材料的优异性能,亟需寻找一种柔韧性能优异、透光性能好的LVT复合地板耐磨层。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种柔韧性能优异、透光性能好的高阻燃抑烟LVT地板耐磨层的制备方法。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是:一种高阻燃抑烟LVT地板耐磨层的制备方法,包括以下步骤,
(1)按照以下重量份取生产原料:聚氯乙烯树脂100份,增塑剂0~40份,阻燃剂0~50份,抑烟剂0~8.0,稳定剂1.0~6.0份,加工助剂0.5~3.0份;所述的阻燃剂选用有机磷系阻燃剂、氢氧化镁、氢氧化铝阻燃剂、硅酸盐阻燃剂中的至少一种;所述的抑烟剂选用钼化合物抑烟剂、镁-锌复合抑烟剂、铁化合物抑烟剂中的至少一种;所述的镁-锌复合抑烟剂为氧化镁-氧化锌复合抑烟剂、铁化合物抑烟剂为二茂铁抑烟剂;
(2)将生产原料混合、密炼、开炼、压延、冷却牵引出料即得高阻燃抑烟LVT地板耐磨层。
进一步的,所述的有机磷系阻燃剂选用磷酸甲苯二甲苯酯、磷酸三苯酯、磷酸三(二甲苯)酯、磷酸二苯异丙苯酯、磷酸二苯叔丁苯酯、磷酸二苯异辛酯、磷酸二苯异癸酯等中的至少一种。
进一步的,所述的氢氧化镁、氢氧化铝阻燃剂经过锡酸锌或羟基锡酸锌包覆。
进一步的,所述步骤(2)具体包括以下步骤:
(21)混合:按原料配方将聚氯乙烯树脂、增塑剂、阻燃剂、抑烟剂、稳定剂、加工助剂投入混料机混合均匀,其中混合温度为120~130℃,混合时间为3~5min,混料机转速为200~300r/min;
(22)密炼:将混合均匀的物料送入密炼机进行高低温密炼,先进行高温密炼,然后进行低温密炼,其中高温密炼时间为5~8min,密炼温度为140~150℃;低温密炼时间为3~5min,密炼温度为120~130℃;
(23)开炼:将密炼后的物料送入开炼机进行开炼,开炼温度为155~175℃,时间2~5min;
(24)压延:将开炼后的物料送入压延机,在170~190℃的温度下经过辊轮压延之后形成片材;
(25)冷却:将所得片材经冷却辊牵引出料,即得高阻燃抑烟LVT地板耐磨层。
有机磷系阻燃剂兼有阻燃和增塑双重功能,即可作阻燃剂又可作增塑剂,可用于聚氯乙烯、橡胶、聚氨酯及其它合成材料,用在PVC制品中,使制品在日光曝晒下、有优良抗脆性,抗变色能力并具有良好的阻燃性、低温性能好,因此有机磷系阻燃剂作为阻燃剂在聚合物阻燃应用中占据了重要的地位;但在PVC制品中仅添加有机磷系阻燃剂,虽可使PVC制品的阻燃性提高,但其他性能恶化,如透光性和柔韧性降低,而LVT地板的耐磨层在彩膜层之上,若透光性能恶化,将无法清晰的展示彩膜的图案,大大降低彩膜的观赏性,发明人在实际生产中发现,采用有机磷系阻燃剂或硅酸盐阻燃剂与其他增塑剂、抑烟剂进行适当比例的复配之后,再通过调整密炼及开炼温度等参数,可以在保证LVT地板耐磨层在保持高阻燃抑烟性的同时,大大提高其透光性和柔韧性,具有良好透光性能的耐磨层,可以最大程度展示出彩膜的图案。
目前为了保持物料密炼后的均一性、各原料的物性,PVC树脂密炼温度为165-175℃,密炼温度在6min左右,而本发明在密炼过程中,首先在140~150℃温度下密炼5~8min,然后在120~130℃温度下密炼3~5min,在高温密炼温度提高了浓度高的物料向浓度低的物料的转移速度,促使各种原料的浓度趋于一致,然后降低密炼温度进一步密炼,既可以保证密炼后物料的均一性,又可以保证各原料的物理性能免遭破坏,从而制备出具有良好透光性能、柔韧性能的耐磨层,可以最大程度展示出彩膜的图案,体现LVT地板的图案的多样性。
进一步的,所述的稳定剂可选用钙锌稳定剂。
进一步的,所述的加工助剂为硬脂酸、PE蜡或二者的混合。
一种高阻燃抑烟LVT地板耐磨层,由上述高阻燃抑烟LVT地板耐磨层的制备方法所制得的高阻燃抑烟LVT地板耐磨层。
一种高阻燃抑烟LVT地板,所述高阻燃抑烟LVT地板包括上述的高阻燃抑烟LVT地板耐磨层。
进一步的,所述的高阻燃抑烟LVT地板包括从上至下布置的高阻燃抑烟LVT地板耐磨层、彩膜层、中料层、底料层。
本发明的有益效果是:本发明制备的LVT地板耐磨层通过合理配比增塑剂、阻燃剂、抑烟剂的分量,使的耐磨层具有优异的阻燃抑烟性能;通过控制混合及密炼等参数,大大提高了耐磨层的透光性和柔韧性,应用于LVT地板时可以最大程度展示出彩膜的图案,体现LVT地板的图案多样性,同时可以减少地板在生产、运输、安装环节中受到的损伤;可应用于船舶、轨道交通等使用要求较为苛刻的场所。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明进一步说明。
本发明进行如下试验:
试验组1-8的具体配方质量比见表1:
表1试验组各组分配方
按照以下制备方法将试验组1-8的原料制备得到LVT地板耐磨层:
(1)混合:按原料配方将聚氯乙烯树脂、增塑剂、稳定剂、加工助剂、投入混料机混合均匀,其中混合温度为130℃,混合时间为4min,混料机转速为200r/min;
(2)密炼:将混合均匀的物料送入密炼机进行高低温密炼,先进行高温密炼,然后进行低温密炼,其中高温密炼时间为6min,密炼温度为140℃;低温密炼时间为4min,密炼温度为120℃;
(3)开炼:将密炼后的物料送入开炼机进行开炼,开炼温度为160℃,时间4min;
(4)压延:将开炼后的物料送入压延机,在170℃的温度下经过辊轮压延之后形成片材;
(5)冷却:将所得片材经冷却辊牵引出料,即得高阻燃抑烟LVT地板耐磨层。
将按照上述步骤制备得到的LVT地板耐磨层制备成测试样条,测试各个试样的相关性能,详见下表2。
表2试验组1-8所得的LVT地板耐磨层的性能
由表2可以看出,试验组3-8在增塑剂、阻燃剂、抑烟剂的协同作用下所得的地板耐磨层综合性能良好。
实施例:
实施例1-10的各组分重量份如表3所示:
表3实施例1-10原料配方
制备方法具体包括以下步骤:
(1)混合:按原料配方将生产原料投入混料机混合均匀,其中混合温度为130℃,混合时间为4min,混料机转速为200r/min;
(2)密炼:将混合均匀的物料送入密炼机进行密炼,密炼时间为10min,密炼温度为120℃;
(3)开炼:将密炼后的物料送入开炼机进行开炼,开炼温度为160℃,时间4min;
(4)压延:将开炼后的物料送入压延机,在170℃的温度下经过辊轮压延之后形成片材;
(5)冷却:将所得片材经冷却辊牵引出料,即得高阻燃抑烟LVT地板耐磨层。
按照上述制备方法将实施例1-10的原料制备成LVT地板耐磨层,再将实施例1-10所得的高阻燃抑烟LVT地板耐磨层制作试样条进行性能测试,其中透光性和氧指数均采用行业统一标准,耐磨性按参照GBT 18102-2007标准进行测试,即当肉眼可见耐磨层磨穿后(呈现出彩膜层),记录所转的圈数。具体结果如表4所示。
表4实施例1-10所得的高阻燃抑烟LVT地板耐磨层的性能
Claims (9)
1.一种高阻燃抑烟LVT地板耐磨层的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤,
(1)按照以下重量份取生产原料:聚氯乙烯树脂100份,增塑剂0~40份,阻燃剂0~50份,抑烟剂0~8.0,稳定剂1.0~6.0份,加工助剂0.5~3.0份;所述的阻燃剂选用有机磷系阻燃剂、氢氧化镁、氢氧化铝阻燃剂、硅酸盐阻燃剂中的至少一种;所述的抑烟剂选用钼化合物抑烟剂、镁-锌复合抑烟剂、铁化合物抑烟剂中的至少一种;
(2)将生产原料混合、密炼、开炼、压延、冷却牵引出料即得高阻燃抑烟LVT地板耐磨层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种高阻燃抑烟LVT地板耐磨层的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的有机磷系阻燃剂选用磷酸甲苯二甲苯酯、磷酸三苯酯、磷酸三(二甲苯)酯、磷酸二苯异丙苯酯、磷酸二苯叔丁苯酯、磷酸二苯异辛酯、磷酸二苯异癸酯等中的至少一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种高阻燃抑烟LVT地板耐磨层的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的氢氧化镁、氢氧化铝阻燃剂经过锡酸锌或羟基锡酸锌包覆。
4.根据权利要求1任一项所述的一种高阻燃抑烟LVT地板耐磨层的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(2)具体包括以下步骤:
(21)混合:按原料配方将聚氯乙烯树脂、增塑剂、阻燃剂、抑烟剂、稳定剂、加工助剂投入混料机混合均匀,其中混合温度为120~130℃,混合时间为3~5min,混料机转速为200~300r/min;
(22)密炼:将混合均匀的物料送入密炼机进行高低温密炼,先进行高温密炼,然后进行低温密炼,其中高温密炼时间为5~8min,密炼温度为140~150℃;低温密炼时间为3~5min,密炼温度为120~130℃;
(23)开炼:将密炼后的物料送入开炼机进行开炼,开炼温度为155~175℃,时间2~5min;
(24)压延:将开炼后的物料送入压延机,在170~190℃的温度下经过辊轮压延之后形成片材;
(25)冷却:将所得片材经冷却辊牵引出料,即得高阻燃抑烟LVT地板耐磨层。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种高阻燃抑烟LVT地板耐磨层的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的稳定剂可选用钙锌稳定剂。
6.根据权利要求4所述的一种高阻燃抑烟LVT地板耐磨层的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的加工助剂为硬脂酸、PE蜡或二者的混合。
7.一种高阻燃抑烟LVT地板耐磨层,其特征在于:由权利要求1-6任一项高阻燃抑烟LVT地板耐磨层的制备方法所制得的高阻燃抑烟LVT地板耐磨层。
8.一种高阻燃抑烟LVT地板,其特征在于:所述高阻燃抑烟LVT地板包括权利要求7所述的高阻燃抑烟LVT地板耐磨层。
9.根据权利要求8所述一种高阻燃抑烟LVT地板,其特征在于:所述的高阻燃抑烟LVT地板包括从上至下布置的高阻燃抑烟LVT地板耐磨层、彩膜层、中料层、底料层。
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