CN111761684A - Layered soft rock preparation method based on 3DP sand core sand mold technology - Google Patents
Layered soft rock preparation method based on 3DP sand core sand mold technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN111761684A CN111761684A CN202010439361.1A CN202010439361A CN111761684A CN 111761684 A CN111761684 A CN 111761684A CN 202010439361 A CN202010439361 A CN 202010439361A CN 111761684 A CN111761684 A CN 111761684A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
- B28B1/001—Rapid manufacturing of 3D objects by additive depositing, agglomerating or laminating of material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
Abstract
The invention relates to a layered soft rock preparation method based on a 3DP sand core technology, which comprises the following steps: step 1: drawing a layered non-uniform strength model through 3D software, and step 2: according to research problems and test requirements, appropriate 3DP sand core technology printing materials are investigated and selected; and step 3: carrying out layered and intensity-divided printing according to the layered non-uniform intensity model; and 4, step 4: and after printing is finished, removing the unbonded part, wherein the remaining bonded part is the required layered soft rock sample. The layered soft rock preparation method based on the 3DP sand mold sand core technology can successfully prepare layered rock samples with non-uniform strength such as soft and hard interlayers, lamellas and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of geotechnical engineering, in particular to a method for preparing layered soft rock based on a powder bed jetting (3DP) sand core technology.
Background
The weak layered rock masses such as lamellar rock masses and interbedded rock masses are very common in the construction and the construction of tunnel engineering, especially the development and the construction of tunnel engineering in complex areas, and the disclosure of the mechanical failure mechanism of the lamellar soft rock mass is particularly important for tunnel engineering with complex geological conditions. The structural characteristics of the layered soft rock are mainly represented by poor rock integrity, relatively developed structural surface, relatively thin layer thickness, relatively small distance and obvious anisotropic characteristic of layer inclination angle.
At present, the failure mechanism of lamellar soft rock is not completely cleared, the action mechanism of the rheological failure mechanism of lamellar soft rock is unknown due to geometrical parameters of rock mass such as bedding inclination angle, spacing, layer thickness and the like, and great difficulty is brought to the construction and later operation of lamellar soft rock tunnel engineering. On the one hand, the tunnel engineering construction has complex geological conditions, so that various in-situ tests are difficult to perform on site, and the site tests are usually high in manufacturing cost and poor in economy and applicability. On the other hand, the integrity of the layered soft rock is poor, so that the sampling is difficult to succeed on site, even if a core with good integrity is obtained, the preparation of an indoor sample in the later period is extremely difficult, and even the success rate and the efficiency of the preparation of a linear cutting machine with low disturbance are extremely low, so that the preparation of the layered soft rock sample becomes a great problem. However, the successful preparation of layered soft rock samples is very important for the investigation of the rheological failure mechanism thereof.
However, the existing 3D printing technology is mainly limited to manufacturing the stratified rock mass sample with uniform strength, and has no effect on the preparation of the stratified rock mass sample with uneven strength distribution such as a soft-hard interlayer, a thin layer, a mutual layer and the like, and a model with uniform strength obviously hardly reflects the mechanical properties of the stratified rock mass with uneven strength.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a layered soft rock preparation method based on a 3DP sand mold sand core technology, solves the technical problem that the prior art cannot prepare layered rock mass samples with uneven strength distribution such as soft and hard interlayers, thin layers and mutual layers, and achieves the technical effect of successfully preparing the layered rock mass samples with uneven strength such as the soft and hard interlayers and the thin layers.
The application provides a layered soft rock preparation method based on a 3DP sand core technology, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: drawing a layered non-uniform intensity model through 3D software, the layered non-uniform intensity model comprising: the method comprises the following steps of (1) calibrating a cylinder model by using the strength of a target model, a soft layer and a hard layer of the soft-hard interlayer stratified rock mass;
step 2: according to research problems and test requirements, appropriate 3DP sand core technology printing materials are investigated and selected;
and step 3: carrying out layered and intensity-divided printing according to the layered non-uniform intensity model, and improving the ejection quantity of the binder when printing to a position with higher model intensity; when the printing is carried out to the position with lower intensity, the ejection quantity of the adhesive is reduced; the usage amount of the adhesive at the position with the same strength is the same;
and 4, step 4: after the printing is finished, removing the non-bonded part, wherein the remaining bonded part is the required layered soft rock sample, and the layered soft rock sample comprises: the test method comprises a soft-hard interlayer stratified rock mass cubic test sample, a soft layer standard cylinder test sample and a hard layer standard cylinder test sample.
Preferably, the strength calibration cylinder model has the size of 50mm in diameter and 100mm in height.
Preferably, in the step 1, when the target model is drawn, the cube samples of the soft and hard sandwich stratified rock mass are designed to have different inclination angles.
Preferably, when the target model is drawn in the step 1, the target models of the soft and hard sandwich stratified rock mass cubic samples with the inclination angles of 0 °, 30 °, 45 °, 60 ° and 90 ° are respectively drawn.
Preferably, the printing material of the 3DP sand core technology is quartz sand powder, gypsum powder or a combination of the quartz sand powder and the gypsum powder; the binder is furan resin or phenolic resin.
Preferably, the method further comprises a step 5 of performing a uniaxial compression test on the soft layer standard cylinder sample and the hard layer standard cylinder sample printed in the same batch to obtain stress-strain curves of the soft layer standard cylinder sample and the hard layer standard cylinder sample, so as to determine that the stress-strain curves of the soft layer standard cylinder sample and the hard layer standard cylinder sample are similar to the stress-strain curve of the natural sandstone sample.
Preferably, the method further comprises a step 6 of performing rheological mechanical tests and geotechnical mechanical tests on the soft and hard interlayer stratified rock mass cubic samples printed in the same batch and with different inclination angles, wherein the geotechnical mechanical tests comprise: uniaxial compression, triaxial compression, brazilian split test.
Preferably, in the step 3, the sand core is heated by an infrared curing lamp to cure the sand mold.
Preferably, in the step 3, the sand core obtained by curing the binders with different contents is divided into the soft layer part and the hard layer part by adopting a method such as printing marks or selecting printing materials with different colors.
One or more technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application have at least the following technical effects or advantages:
the method can realize the successful preparation of the layered rock mass sample with non-uniform strength such as a soft-hard interlayer, a thin layer and the like, and the manufacturing method is simple and rapid; compared with the traditional manufacturing method, the printed sample has small sample discreteness; the model diagram is intelligently designed by adopting 3D software, so that synchronous printing of the stratified rock mass samples with different inclination angles can be realized, the printing efficiency of the samples is improved, and the difference of the samples is reduced; in addition, the method has obvious superiority in the aspect of researching parameters such as different dip angles, different intervals, different layer thicknesses and the like of the stratified rock mass, is convenient for realizing a multi-group comparison test of the stratified rock mass, can regularly reveal the rheological mechanical failure mechanism and rheological anisotropy rule of the stratified soft rock, and provides an important basis for the failure mechanism of the tunnel engineering of the stratified rock mass.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of a layered soft rock preparation method based on a 3DP sand core technology provided in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a printing principle of a stratified rock mass sample group with different inclination angles manufactured based on a 3DP process technology provided by the embodiment of the application;
FIG. 3 is a layered non-uniform intensity model design drawing of the 3D software provided by the embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a printed finished product diagram of a cubic test sample of a soft and hard sandwich stratified rock mass provided by the embodiment of the application;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a failure model of a strength calibration cylinder sample with a soft layer and a hard layer provided in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 6 is a graph of mechanical characteristics of strength calibration cylinder samples of a soft layer and a hard layer provided in an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
In order to solve or partially solve the technical problems in the prior art, the application combines the current advanced powder bed spray (3DP) technology, and based on the process characteristics of layered printing, binders with different concentrations are adopted to carry out curing and bonding on sand mould sand cores, so that a set of soft and hard interlayer layered rock mass sample printing method is designed, a set of test device and method for researching the mechanical properties of layered soft rock mass are formed based on the 3DP sample, a new thought and method are provided for the failure mechanism of the rheological mechanical properties of the layered rock mass in tunnel engineering, and a guiding effect is provided for the construction period and the operation period of tunnel engineering.
Referring to the accompanying drawings 1 and 2, the application provides a method for preparing layered soft rock based on a 3DP sand core technology, which comprises the following steps:
s1: drawing a layered non-uniform intensity model through 3D software, wherein the layered non-uniform intensity model comprises: the method comprises the following steps of (1) calibrating a cylinder model by using the strength of a target model, a soft layer and a hard layer of the soft-hard interlayer stratified rock mass;
s2: according to research problems and test requirements, appropriate 3DP sand core technology printing materials are investigated and selected;
s3: carrying out layered and intensity-divided printing according to the layered non-uniform intensity model, and improving the ejection quantity of the binder when printing to a position with higher intensity of the model; when the printing is carried out to the position with lower intensity, the ejection quantity of the adhesive is reduced; the usage amount of the adhesive at the position with the same strength is the same;
s4: after printing, removing the unbonded part, wherein the remaining bonded part is the required layered soft rock sample, and the layered soft rock sample comprises: the test method comprises a soft-hard interlayer stratified rock mass cubic test sample, a soft layer standard cylinder test sample and a hard layer standard cylinder test sample.
Further, in step S1, 3D software such as CAD, Catia, etc. is used to draw a layered non-uniform strength model design drawing, including a target model and strength calibration cylinder models of a soft layer and a hard layer, which are stored in the STL file format; the dimensions of the strength calibration cylinder model were printed on the basis of the cylinder sample dimensions (diameter 50mm, height 100mm) recommended by the International Society for Rock Mechanics (ISRM).
Furthermore, according to research problems and test requirements, appropriate printing materials are researched and selected, and the printing materials for the 3DP sand core technology mainly comprise quartz sand powder, gypsum powder, furan resin, phenolic resin and other various types of binders at present.
And quartz sand powder and furan resin are selected as printing materials for sand mold sand core printing. In steps S1 and S2, before mechanical testing is performed on the soft and hard interbedded layered rock mass, strength calibration needs to be performed on the standard cylinder samples of the soft layer and the hard layer, and the strength calibration needs to be compared with the corresponding test results of the natural sandstone samples. And determining the feasibility and accuracy of the 3D printing sample applied to the research of the mechanical properties of the layered soft rock according to the strength and the mechanical test calibration result.
Further, in step S3, according to the STL model design file, the printer creates a print slice, and the nozzles print in different layers and intensities under the control of the computer, that is, according to the model design diagram designed in step 1, the powder is fed, spread, and the printing head ejects the binder: when the printing is carried out to the position with higher strength of the model, the ejection quantity of the adhesive is improved; when the printing is carried out to the position with lower intensity, the ejection quantity of the adhesive is reduced; and meanwhile, the usage amount of the adhesive at the position with the same strength is ensured to be the same.
In step S3, the sand core requires infrared curing lamps to heat to cure the sand mold, and the infrared light and binder combination may increase the strength of the sand core. The sand core with different contents of the binder is solidified to obtain sand cores with unobvious color differences, so that a marking method is adopted. For example, if the layer height at the position with lower intensity is smaller, the mark is made on the layer with lower intensity to reduce the extra drawing design and printing work.
In step S3, the sand feeding, sand spreading and binder spraying process by the spray head are performed, and according to the printing requirement, the high-strength binder part and the low-strength binder part are completed. In order to better distinguish the positions of the soft layer and the hard layer with different layer heights in the printed model, different types of powder materials with different colors can be selected to print the positions of the soft layer and the hard layer respectively, so that the respective mechanical properties of the soft layer and the hard layer can be observed better in the test process. For example, gypsum powder and quartz sand powder may be used to print harder, brittle hard layer locations and softer, soft layer locations, respectively.
Further, the unbonded portion is removed in step S4, and the remaining bonded portion is the desired printed model, wherein the marked portion is clearly visible in the printed model.
In order to better meet the requirements of high efficiency and the same batch of 3D printing, when the model is designed in step S1, the layered soft rock is designed to have different inclination angles in order to reduce the difference between printing batches. The layered soft rock samples at different angles can be inclined, so that the same strength layer is positioned on the same printing layer, a group of soft and hard interlayer layered soft rock with basically the same performance and different inclination angles can be printed in the same batch, and the method is an effective measure for improving the efficiency and reducing the cost in the 3D printing process.
After the 3D printing sample is prepared, a rock-soil macro-micro biaxial servo testing machine can be continuously adopted to carry out corresponding rheological mechanical tests on the printed and formed sample model, and the rheological anisotropy mechanical characteristics and the failure mechanism of the layered soft rock are researched. The method for preparing the layered soft rock based on the 3DP sand core technology and applying the layered soft rock to the research of rock-soil mechanical tests can effectively solve the current situations of difficult sampling, difficult preparation and difficult test in various related rock mechanical tests of the layered soft rock.
The preparation method of the layered soft rock can realize the successful preparation of the layered rock sample with non-uniform strength such as a soft-hard interlayer, a thin layer and the like, and the preparation method is simple and rapid; compared with the traditional manufacturing method, the printed sample has small sample discreteness; the model diagram is intelligently designed by adopting 3D software, so that synchronous printing of the stratified rock mass samples with different inclination angles can be realized, the printing efficiency of the samples is improved, and the difference of the samples is reduced; in addition, the method has obvious superiority in the aspect of researching parameters such as different dip angles, different intervals, different layer thicknesses and the like of the stratified rock mass, is convenient for realizing a multi-group comparison test of the stratified rock mass, can regularly reveal the rheological mechanical failure mechanism and rheological anisotropy rule of the stratified soft rock, and provides an important basis for the failure mechanism of the tunnel engineering of the stratified rock mass.
The preparation method and the application of the layered soft rock of the application are described in detail by the following specific examples:
according to the requirements and steps of the invention, firstly, a printing drawing is designed, and the printing drawing comprises a standard cylinder sample and a soft and hard interlayer stratified rock mass cube sample group with different inclination angles (0 degrees, 30 degrees, 45 degrees, 60 degrees and 90 degrees), wherein the former is used for calibrating the strength of a soft layer sample and a hard layer sample, and the latter is used for researching the rheological anisotropy and other mechanical properties of the stratified rock mass. Considering the difference of the binder content between the method and the traditional 3D printing technology, a model needs to be designed and printed separately. In consideration of the printing efficiency of the 3D printer, the sample models to be printed are all designed in the same batch of printed samples, and the samples are tilted at different angles so that layers of the same intensity are on the same printed layer, as shown in fig. 2. The design pattern comprises a strength calibration cylindrical sample and soft and hard interlayer stratified rock mass samples with different inclination angles, and meanwhile, a 1mm convex mark is adopted at the position of a thin soft layer to distinguish the positions of the soft layer and the hard layer. The design drawing is shown in FIG. 3.
According to the design, the powder bed jetting (3DP) technique was used to print the model design (fig. 3), and the final printed model results are shown in fig. 4.
According to the design objective of the method, the feasibility of the 3D printed sample needs to be verified first.
The verification process is as follows:
firstly, uniaxial compression tests are carried out on the soft layer cylindrical samples and the hard layer cylindrical samples printed in the same batch, stress-strain curves of the soft layer cylindrical samples and the hard layer cylindrical samples are obtained, and finally, a sample failure model (shown in figure 5) and a mechanical characteristic curve (shown in figure 6) are obtained.
According to requirements, the mechanical characteristic curve of the printed model sample needs to be similar to that of natural sandstone so as to meet the feasibility of test research of stratified rock masses with different inclination angles. The results of fig. 5 show that the stress-strain curves of the soft layer and hard layer samples are basically similar to those of the natural sandstone samples, so that the strength calibration results of the soft layer and the hard layer can provide loading parameters for the rheological mechanical test of the soft-hard interlayer stratified rock mass sample.
After the feasibility of the 3D printing model sample is verified, related rheological mechanical tests can be performed on the stratified rock with the soft and hard interlayers at different inclination angles so as to research the rheological failure mechanism and the anisotropic rule of the stratified rock and provide a basis for the failure mechanism of the tunnel of the stratified rock.
Besides the rheological mechanical tests related to the soft and hard sandwich model samples printed, other rock-soil mechanical tests (uniaxial compression, triaxial compression, Brazilian split test and the like) can be researched by adopting the printed samples, and due to the repeatability and the accuracy of the printed samples, the difference between the samples is small, and multiple groups of comparison tests can be carried out.
Besides the printing model (soft and hard interlayer stratified rock mass sample) provided by the example, the stratified rock samples with non-uniform strength required by other rock mechanics related samples can also be designed and improved by adopting the method provided by the application so as to meet the requirements of geotechnical engineering laboratory tests.
The preparation method of the layered soft rock is applied to the experimental study of the rheological mechanical property of the soft and hard sandwiched layered rock in tunnel engineering, is mainly used for studying the influence of the inclination angle of the tunnel layer on the rheological failure mechanism of the tunnel of the layered rock, is a method for experimental study of the rheological mechanical property of the layered soft rock, and has important significance for disclosing the rheological failure mechanism of the layered soft rock tunnel engineering.
The above-mentioned embodiments, objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention are further described in detail, it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A layered soft rock preparation method based on a 3DP sand core technology is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: drawing a layered non-uniform intensity model through 3D software, the layered non-uniform intensity model comprising: the method comprises the following steps of (1) calibrating a cylinder model by using the strength of a target model, a soft layer and a hard layer of the soft-hard interlayer stratified rock mass;
step 2: according to research problems and test requirements, appropriate 3DP sand core technology printing materials are investigated and selected;
and step 3: carrying out layered and intensity-divided printing according to the layered non-uniform intensity model, and improving the ejection quantity of the binder when printing to a position with higher model intensity; when the printing is carried out to the position with lower intensity, the ejection quantity of the adhesive is reduced; the usage amount of the adhesive at the position with the same strength is the same;
and 4, step 4: after the printing is finished, removing the non-bonded part, wherein the remaining bonded part is the required layered soft rock sample, and the layered soft rock sample comprises: the test method comprises a soft-hard interlayer stratified rock mass cubic test sample, a soft layer standard cylinder test sample and a hard layer standard cylinder test sample.
2. The method for preparing layered soft rock based on a 3DP sand core technique according to claim 1, wherein the size of the strength calibration cylinder pattern is 50mm in diameter and 100mm in height.
3. The method for preparing the layered soft rock based on the 3DP sand core technology according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1, when the target model is drawn, the cubic samples of the layered rock with the soft and hard interlayers are designed to have different inclination angles.
4. The layered soft rock preparation method based on the 3DP sand core technology according to claim 3, wherein when the target model is drawn in the step 1, the target models of the soft and hard sandwich layered rock mass cube samples with the inclination angles of 0 degrees, 30 degrees, 45 degrees, 60 degrees and 90 degrees are respectively drawn.
5. The method for preparing layered soft rock based on 3DP sand core technology according to claim 1, wherein the printing material of 3DP sand core technology is quartz sand powder, gypsum powder or a combination of the two; the binder is furan resin or phenolic resin.
6. The method for preparing layered soft rock based on the 3DP sand core technology according to claim 1, further comprising a step 5 of performing uniaxial compression test on the soft layer standard cylinder sample and the hard layer standard cylinder sample printed in the same batch to obtain stress-strain curves thereof, so as to determine that the stress-strain curves of the soft layer standard cylinder sample and the hard layer standard cylinder sample are similar to the stress-strain curve of the natural sandstone sample.
7. The method for preparing the layered soft rock based on the 3DP sand mold sand core technology according to claim 6, further comprising a step 6 of performing rheological mechanical tests and geotechnical tests on the soft and hard interlayer layered rock mass cubic samples printed in the same batch and with different inclination angles, wherein the geotechnical tests comprise: uniaxial compression, triaxial compression, brazilian split test.
8. The method for preparing layered soft rock based on a 3DP sand core technology according to claim 1, wherein said step 3 is performed by heating the sand core with infrared curing lamps to cure the sand mold.
9. The method for preparing layered soft rock based on 3DP sand core technology according to claim 1, wherein said step 3 is performed by using a method of printing marks on sand cores obtained by curing binders with different contents to distinguish between soft and hard layers.
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