CN111761051B - Copper-containing iron powder for powder metallurgy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Copper-containing iron powder for powder metallurgy and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN111761051B
CN111761051B CN202010524645.0A CN202010524645A CN111761051B CN 111761051 B CN111761051 B CN 111761051B CN 202010524645 A CN202010524645 A CN 202010524645A CN 111761051 B CN111761051 B CN 111761051B
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CN111761051A (en
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李江
王洋
纪向军
卜福昌
周振龙
修凤玲
孙有望
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Angang Anshan Metallurgical Powder Co ltd
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    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
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    • B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
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    • C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C33/0257—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements
    • C22C33/0278—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements with at least one alloying element having a minimum content above 5%
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    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/16—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing copper
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    • B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Abstract

The invention relates to copper-containing iron powder for powder metallurgy, which comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: c is less than or equal to 0.02 percent; si is less than or equal to 0.030 percent; mn is less than or equal to 0.15 percent; p is less than or equal to 0.015 percent; s is less than or equal to 0.015 percent; cu 8-30%; mo 0-4.0%, and the balance Fe and inevitable impurities. The preparation method comprises the steps of firstly preparing high-compressibility water atomized pure iron powder, then adding electrolytic copper powder for mixing, and preparing the copper-containing water atomized steel powder in a high-temperature diffusion adhesion mode. Copper powder is directly attached to the surface of iron powder particles, copper segregation is not generated, and the copper powder particles are diffused to the surface of the iron powder particles at high temperature, so that agglomeration is reduced, and the mechanical property of a sintered part is improved. The 600MPa compressibility of the copper-containing iron powder is more than or equal to 7.10g/cm3. Can be directly used for powder metallurgy preparation, does not need to add copper powder additionally, and keeps the surface of the sintered product parts clean.

Description

Copper-containing iron powder for powder metallurgy and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of powder metallurgy, in particular to copper-containing iron powder for powder metallurgy and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The water atomized iron powder is commonly used as a basic raw material for preparing parts of powder metallurgy products, but alloy auxiliary materials such as graphite, copper powder (electrolytic copper powder, atomized copper powder and the like) and the like are often required to be added in the using process so as to improve various properties of the parts of the final products and achieve the optimal using effect.
At present, copper powder is often added in the process of mixing powder preparation, and is generally directly added or added by an adhesive powder mixing technology, but the copper powder and the adhesive powder mixing technology have the following limitations: 1. the copper powder is directly added, so that the cost is low, but if the adding amount of the copper powder is too much, segregation is easy to occur, the sintering size stability of a product part after sintering is poor, the performance deviation is large, and the phenomenon of free copper can be generated in severe cases to damage the matrix structure performance; 2. the bonding and powder mixing technology can effectively bond copper powder to the surface of base powder, and solves the problem of large fluctuation of sintering size, but if the bonding agent is not completely volatilized, the surface of a product part is easily polluted, and the appearance is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing the copper-containing iron powder for powder metallurgy, the copper powder is directly attached to the surface of iron powder particles, copper segregation is not generated, and the copper-containing iron powder is directly used in the mixed powder preparation process of a powder metallurgy product without additionally adding copper powder.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the copper-containing iron powder for powder metallurgy comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: c is less than or equal to 0.02 percent; si is less than or equal to 0.030 percent; mn is less than or equal to 0.15 percent; p is less than or equal to 0.015 percent; s is less than or equal to 0.015 percent; cu 8-30%; mo 0-4.0%, and the balance Fe and inevitable impurities.
A method of preparing a copper-containing iron powder for powder metallurgy, comprising: smelting, atomizing, reducing, annealing, mixing and diffusing; the method comprises the following specific steps:
1) smelting: the Mo content in the molten steel is 0-4.0%, and the tapping temperature is as follows: 1620-1800 ℃;
2) atomizing to prepare powder: the atomization pressure is 10-15 MPa, the atomization starting temperature is 1580-1700 ℃, the atomization finishing temperature is 1550-1630 ℃, the diameter of molten steel flow is 14-28 mm, and the flow rate is 140-240 m3H, the spraying angle is 30-50 degrees;
3) reduction: the atomized powder is processed by a reducing furnaceReducing, wherein the temperature of a reducing preheating section of the reducing furnace is 550-800 ℃, and the stroke of the preheating section is 4-6 m; the temperature of the high-temperature section is 800-1000 ℃, and the stroke of the high-temperature section is 6-12 m; the temperature of the cooling section is 500-800 ℃, and the stroke of the cooling section is 4-8 m; the running speed is as follows: 90-300 mm/min; the thickness of the material layer is 12-48 mm; the flow of ammonia gas is 60-190 m3/h；
4) Annealing: annealing the reduced powder in a reducing furnace, wherein the temperature of a reducing preheating section of the reducing furnace is 550-800 ℃; the stroke of the preheating section is 4-6 m; the temperature of the high-temperature section is 800-900 ℃; the stroke of the high-temperature section is 6-12 m; the temperature of the cooling section is 500-800 ℃; the stroke of the cooling section is 4-8 m; the running speed is as follows: and (3) thickness of a 90-300 mm/min material layer: 12-48 mm and ammonia flow of 60-190 m3H; the 600MPa compressibility of the discharged powder is more than or equal to 7.17g/cm3；
5) Mixing materials: crushing, screening and batching the annealed powder, then adding 0.1-2.0% of oily adhesive, adding 8-30% of electrolytic copper powder, controlling the rotating speed of a mixer to be 10-20 r/min, and controlling the mixing time to be 30-90 min to prepare a semi-finished product;
6) diffusion: diffusing the semi-finished product through a reducing furnace, wherein the temperature of a diffusion preheating section of the reducing furnace is 650-900 ℃, and the stroke of the preheating section is 2-4 m; the temperature of the high-temperature section is 900-1000 ℃, and the stroke of the high-temperature section is 4-14 m; the temperature of the cooling section is 650-900 ℃, and the stroke of the cooling section is 4-8 m; the flow of ammonia gas is 60-190 m3H, controlling the diffusion time to be 60-120 min, and controlling the material layer thickness: 20-35 mm, and discharging to obtain a finished product.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention adopts the steps of firstly preparing high-compressibility water atomized pure iron powder, then adding electrolytic copper powder for mixing, and preparing the copper-containing water atomized iron and steel powder in a high-temperature diffusion adhesion mode.
2. Copper powder is directly attached to the surface of iron powder particles, copper segregation is not generated, and the copper powder particles are diffused to the surface of the iron powder particles at high temperature, so that agglomeration is reduced, and the mechanical property of a sintered part is improved. The 600MPa compressibility of the copper-containing iron powder is more than or equal to 7.10g/cm3. Can be directly used for powder metallurgy preparation without adding copper powder, and can be sinteredAnd cleaning the surfaces of the product parts.
3. The invention adopts electrolytic copper powder instead of atomized copper powder, and the electrolytic copper powder has high purity and is dendritic, thereby being beneficial to the uniformity of the diffusion process; by adopting a high-temperature diffusion mode, copper powder can be attached to the particle surface of the iron powder so as to ensure the compressibility and sintering size stability of the iron powder.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a metallographic specimen of a sintered FC0208 product of an application example.
FIG. 2 is a metallographic section of a comparative example FC0208 sintered article.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples:
the following examples describe the invention in detail. These examples are merely illustrative of the best embodiments of the present invention and do not limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
According to design components, with 10% of copper and the balance of iron as targets, the copper-containing iron powder is prepared by the following method:
a method of preparing a copper-containing iron powder for powder metallurgy, comprising: smelting, atomizing, reducing, annealing, mixing and diffusing; the method comprises the following specific steps:
1) smelting: the Mo content in the molten steel is 0, and the tapping temperature is as follows: 1620 ℃ to 1700 ℃;
2) atomizing to prepare powder: the atomization pressure is 10-15 Mpa, the atomization starting temperature is 1700 ℃, the atomization finishing temperature is 1630 ℃, the diameter of molten steel flow is 28mm, and the flow is 240m3H, the spraying angle is 30-50 degrees;
3) reduction: reducing the atomized powder by a reducing furnace, wherein the temperature of a reduction preheating section of the reducing furnace is 800 ℃, and the stroke of the preheating section is 6 m; the temperature of the high-temperature section is 1000 ℃, and the stroke of the high-temperature section is 12 m; the temperature of the cooling section is 800 ℃, and the stroke of the cooling section is 8 m; the running speed is 300 mm/min; the thickness of the material layer is 48 mm; ammonia gas flow rate 190m3/h；
4) Annealing: annealing the reduced powder in a reducing furnace, wherein the temperature of a reduction preheating section of the reducing furnace is 800 ℃; the stroke of the preheating section is 6 m;the temperature of the high-temperature section is 900 ℃; the stroke of the high-temperature section is 2 m; the temperature of a cooling section is 800 ℃; the stroke of the cooling section is 8 m; the running speed is as follows: and (3) thickness of the 300 mm/min material layer: 48 mm and ammonia gas flow of 190m3H; the 600MPa compressibility of the discharged powder is more than or equal to 7.17g/cm3；
5) Mixing materials: crushing, screening and batching the annealed powder, then adding 2.0% of oily adhesive and 10% of electrolytic copper powder, controlling the rotating speed of a mixer to be 20r/min and the mixing time to be 90min, and preparing a semi-finished product;
6) diffusion: diffusing the semi-finished product through a reducing furnace, wherein the temperature of a diffusion preheating section of the reducing furnace is 900 ℃, and the stroke of the preheating section is 4 m; the temperature of the high-temperature section is 1000 ℃, and the stroke of the high-temperature section is 14 m; the temperature of the cooling section is 900 ℃, and the stroke of the cooling section is 8 m; ammonia gas flow rate 190m3H, controlling diffusion time for 120min, and controlling the thickness of a material layer: 35mm, and discharging to obtain a finished product.
Example 2
According to the design components, with 9.65% of copper and the balance of iron as the target, the copper-containing iron powder is prepared by the following method:
1) smelting: the Mo content in the molten steel is 0, and the tapping temperature is as follows: 1720-1800 ℃;
2) atomizing to prepare powder: the atomization pressure is 10MPa, the atomization starting temperature is 1580 ℃, the atomization finishing temperature is 1550 ℃, the diameter of molten steel flow is 14mm, and the flow rate is 140-240 m3H, the spraying angle is 30-50 degrees;
3) reduction: reducing the atomized powder by a reducing furnace, wherein the temperature of a reduction preheating section of the reducing furnace is 550-800 ℃, and the stroke of the preheating section is 4 m; the temperature of the high-temperature section is 800-1000 ℃, and the stroke of the high-temperature section is 10 m; the temperature of the cooling section is 600 ℃, and the stroke of the cooling section is 7 m; the running speed is as follows: 220 mm/min; the thickness of the material layer is 22 mm; flow rate of ammonia gas 160m3/h；
4) Annealing: annealing the reduced powder in a reducing furnace, wherein the temperature of a reduction preheating section of the reducing furnace is 550 ℃; the stroke of the preheating section is 4 m; the temperature of the high-temperature section is 800 ℃; the stroke of the high-temperature section is 6 m; the temperature of the cooling section is 500 ℃; the stroke of the cooling section is 4 m; the running speed is as follows: and (3) thickness of the 180 mm/min material layer: 12 mm and ammonia flow of 160m3H; the 600MPa compressibility of the discharged powder is more than or equal to7.17g/cm3；
5) Mixing materials: crushing, screening and batching the annealed powder, then adding 2.0% of oily adhesive and 9.65% of electrolytic copper powder, controlling the rotating speed of a mixer to be 15r/min and the mixing time to be 60min, and preparing a semi-finished product;
6) diffusion: diffusing the semi-finished product through a reducing furnace, wherein the temperature of a diffusion preheating section of the reducing furnace is 650 ℃, and the stroke of the preheating section is 4 m; the temperature of the high-temperature section is 1000 ℃, and the stroke of the high-temperature section is 10 m; the temperature of the cooling section is 700 ℃, and the stroke of the cooling section is 8 m; ammonia gas flow rate 170m3H, controlling diffusion time for 80min, and controlling the thickness of a material layer: and (5) discharging the iron powder with the thickness of 25mm to obtain a finished product of copper-containing iron powder.
Example 3
According to the design components, with the copper content of 20% and the balance of iron as the target, the copper-containing iron powder is prepared by the following method:
1) smelting: the Mo content in the molten steel is 0.5 percent, and the tapping temperature is as follows: 1620 ℃ to 1800 ℃;
2) atomizing to prepare powder: the atomization pressure is 11MPa, the atomization starting temperature is 1600 ℃, the atomization finishing temperature is 1550 ℃, the diameter of molten steel flow is 20mm, and the flow is 150m3H, the injection angle is 30-50 degrees;
3) reduction: reducing the atomized powder by a reducing furnace, wherein the temperature of a reduction preheating section of the reducing furnace is 600 ℃, and the stroke of the preheating section is 4-6 m; the temperature of the high-temperature section is 600 ℃, and the stroke of the high-temperature section is 10 m; the temperature of the cooling section is 600 ℃, and the stroke of the cooling section is 8 m; the running speed is as follows: 200 mm/min; the thickness of the material layer is 38 mm; ammonia gas flow 100m3/h；
4) Annealing: annealing the reduced powder in a reducing furnace, wherein the temperature of a reduction preheating section of the reducing furnace is 650 ℃; the stroke of the preheating section is 4 m; the temperature of the high-temperature section is 800 ℃; the stroke of the high-temperature section is 10 m; the temperature of a cooling section is 700 ℃; the stroke of the cooling section is 6 m; the running speed is as follows: and (3) thickness of a 200 mm/min material layer: 38 mm and 150m of ammonia gas flow3H; the 600MPa compressibility of the discharged powder is more than or equal to 7.17g/cm3；
5) Mixing materials: crushing, screening and batching the annealed powder, then adding 0.1% of oily adhesive and 20% of electrolytic copper powder, controlling the rotating speed of a mixer by 20r/min and the mixing time by 90min to prepare a semi-finished product;
6) diffusion: diffusing the semi-finished product through a reduction furnace, wherein the temperature of a diffusion preheating section of the reduction furnace is 700 ℃, and the stroke of the preheating section is 4 m; the temperature of the high-temperature section is 1000 ℃, and the stroke of the high-temperature section is 12 m; the temperature of the cooling section is 900 ℃, and the stroke of the cooling section is 5 m; ammonia flow 120m3H, controlling diffusion time for 100min, and controlling the thickness of a material layer: and (6) discharging the iron powder with the thickness of 28mm to obtain the finished product of the copper-containing iron powder.
The performance indexes of the copper-containing iron powder are shown in a table 1;
table 1:
Figure BDA0002533356570000041
Figure BDA0002533356570000051
the performance of the powder metallurgy material FC0208 prepared from the copper-containing iron powder and the performance of the powder metallurgy material FC0208 prepared from the copper powder are compared.
Application example: the powder metallurgy material FC0208 comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 20 percent of copper-containing iron powder containing 10 percent of copper, 0.8 percent of graphite, 0.6 percent of lubricant and the balance of water atomized pure iron powder, wherein the sintered products are numbered A1, A2 and A3.
Comparative example: the powder metallurgy material FC0208 comprises the following components in percentage by mass: copper powder 2.0%, graphite 0.8%, lubricant 0.6%, and water atomized iron powder in balance, wherein the sintered products are B1, B2, and B3.
The comprehensive properties of the powder metallurgy product are shown in a table 2;
table 2:
Figure BDA0002533356570000052
comprehensively, the copper-containing iron powder can be used for directly preparing powder metallurgy materials without adding copper powder.

Claims (1)

1. The copper-containing iron powder for powder metallurgy is characterized in that the 600MPa compressibility of the copper-containing iron powder is more than or equal to 7.10g/cm3The chemical components comprise the following components in percentage by weight: c is less than or equal to 0.02 percent; si is less than or equal to 0.030 percent; mn is less than or equal to 0.15 percent; p is less than or equal to 0.015 percent; s is less than or equal to 0.015 percent; cu 8-30%; mo 0-4.0%, and the balance Fe and inevitable impurities, and a method for preparing copper-containing iron powder for powder metallurgy, comprising the following steps: smelting, atomizing, reducing, annealing, mixing and diffusing; the method comprises the following specific steps:
1) smelting: the Mo content in the molten steel is 0-4.0%, and the tapping temperature is as follows: 1620 ℃ to 1800 ℃;
2) atomizing to prepare powder: the atomization pressure is 10-15 MPa, the atomization starting temperature is 1580-1700 ℃, the atomization finishing temperature is 1550-1630 ℃, the diameter of molten steel flow is 14-28 mm, and the flow rate is 140-240 m3H, the spraying angle is 30-50 degrees;
3) reduction: reducing the atomized powder by a reducing furnace, wherein the temperature of a reduction preheating section of the reducing furnace is 550-800 ℃, and the stroke of the preheating section is 4-6 m; the temperature of the high-temperature section is 800-1000 ℃, and the stroke of the high-temperature section is 6-12 m; the temperature of the cooling section is 500-800 ℃, and the stroke of the cooling section is 4-8 m; the running speed is as follows: 90-300 mm/min; the thickness of the material layer is 12-48 mm; the flow of ammonia gas is 60-190 m3/h；
4) And (3) annealing: annealing the reduced powder in a reducing furnace, wherein the temperature of a reduction preheating section of the reducing furnace is 550-800 ℃; the stroke of the preheating section is 4-6 m; the temperature of the high-temperature section is 800-900 ℃; the stroke of the high-temperature section is 6-12 m; the temperature of the cooling section is 500-800 ℃; the stroke of the cooling section is 4-8 m; the running speed is as follows: and (3) thickness of a 90-300 mm/min material layer: 12-48 mm and ammonia flow of 60-190 m3H; the 600MPa compressibility of the discharged powder is more than or equal to 7.17g/cm3；
5) Mixing materials: crushing, screening and batching the annealed powder, then adding 0.1-2.0% of oily adhesive, adding 8-30% of electrolytic copper powder, controlling the rotating speed of a mixer to be 10-20 r/min, and controlling the mixing time to be 30-90 min to prepare a semi-finished product;
6) diffusion: diffusing the semi-finished product through a reducing furnace, wherein the temperature of a diffusion preheating section of the reducing furnace is 650-900 ℃, and the stroke of the preheating section is 2-4 m; the temperature of the high-temperature section is 900-1000 ℃,the stroke of the high-temperature section is 4-14 m; the temperature of the cooling section is 650-900 ℃, and the stroke of the cooling section is 4-8 m; the flow of ammonia gas is 60-190 m3H, controlling the diffusion time to be 60-120 min, and controlling the material layer thickness: 20-35 mm, and discharging to obtain a finished product.
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DE112021000016.0T DE112021000016T5 (en) 2020-06-10 2021-03-26 COPPER-FILLED IRON POWDER FOR POWDER METALLURGY AND PROCESS FOR PRODUCTION THEREOF
PCT/CN2021/083122 WO2021248980A1 (en) 2020-06-10 2021-03-26 Copper-containing iron powder for powder metallurgy and preparation method therefor

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