CN111758642A - Light semi-submersible deep and far sea net cage with modular space truss structure - Google Patents
Light semi-submersible deep and far sea net cage with modular space truss structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN111758642A CN111758642A CN202010759260.2A CN202010759260A CN111758642A CN 111758642 A CN111758642 A CN 111758642A CN 202010759260 A CN202010759260 A CN 202010759260A CN 111758642 A CN111758642 A CN 111758642A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/60—Floating cultivation devices, e.g. rafts or floating fish-farms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/60—Floating cultivation devices, e.g. rafts or floating fish-farms
- A01K61/65—Connecting or mooring devices therefor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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Abstract
The invention discloses a light semi-submersible type deep and open sea net cage with a modular space truss structure, which is characterized in that: the net cage frame is constructed and expanded in a modularized way by truss nodes and truss rod pieces and comprises a totally-closed or lower bottom-opened semi-closed light cage-shaped space truss structure and a semi-submersible truss arranged on the light cage-shaped space truss structure; the truss nodes comprise buoyancy adjustable points and buoyancy non-adjustable mechanical nodes, and the truss rod piece comprises buoyancy adjustable point connecting rods, mechanical node connecting rods and interlayer node connecting rods; the light cage-shaped space truss structure is a multi-layer truss in the inner and outer directions; the semi-submersible truss comprises a buoyancy adjustable layer; and a plurality of light weight schemes are respectively constructed on the top surface truss, the side surface truss and the bottom surface truss; the invention adopts a standardized structure, has good part universality, simple structure and convenient production, installation and maintenance, has small loss rate (less than or equal to 5 percent) of aquaculture water body due to ocean current and wind wave, greatly thins the unit use cost of equipment and paves a road for large-scale open sea aquaculture.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of ocean engineering devices, in particular to a light semi-submersible type deep and open sea net cage with a modular space truss structure, and belongs to the field of deep and open sea breeding equipment.
Background
The excessive development of offshore mariculture in China already enables the bearing capacity of resource environment to reach or approach the upper limit, so that deep and open sea aquaculture is developed in offshore areas as an important means for constructing modern marine industrial systems, but two outstanding problems of wind wave resistance and benefit generation in deep and open sea aquaculture must be solved.
There are on average 28 typhoons per year in the northwest pacific and south china seas, with 7 typhoons on average affecting the coastlands of our country. Many extra-bay sea areas in China have high wind and wave heights and high seawater flow speed. In the marine culture development process of China, a high-density polyethylene (HDPE) floating net cage becomes leading equipment, but the problem of wind and wave resistance is not fundamentally solved.
In 2018, the world 'dark blue No. 1' of the largest submerged net cage built by Wushu ship engineering Limited company in Qingdao is launched in Qingdao, the circumference of the net cage is 180 meters, the diameter of the net cage is 110 meters, the height of 20 floors is 45 meters, the weight of the net cage reaches 7693 tons, the culture water body is 5 million cubic meters, and 30 million salmon can be cultured at one time. But the extremely high cost of 4.2 hundred million RMB severely restricts the popularization of the RMB, so that small and medium-sized aquaculture enterprises are difficult to bear. The test period of the 'deep blue No. 1' suffers from great frustration, after maintenance and improvement, the cage is launched again, a central upright column with the height of 30 meters is additionally arranged on the cage, the cage becomes a bottom-sitting type cage, and even if the cost for reconstruction is 400 plus 500 thousands of dollars, the performance is also severely limited.
The problem of non-matching industrial chains becomes a great stumbling point for 'walking out' of deep and distant sea culture. The aquaculture in China is mainly a family type and small-scale production mode, no scale effect is formed, and equipment is difficult to support a large-scale production mode of deep and open sea aquaculture.
Due to the high cost and risk of deep open sea breeding, investors are sensitive to the construction investment of related equipment, and the investment income of the equipment is improved. The key point of whether large-scale, intensive, automatic and intelligent deep and open sea cultivation engineering can be comprehensively popularized is provided.
In a relatively deep sea area (usually, the water depth is more than 20 meters), deep-water cage culture is carried out, and strong wind resistance, wave resistance and ocean current resistance are required. The wind wave resistance is the biggest problem in developing deep and open sea culture in China. There are an average of 28 typhoons occurring each year in the northwest pacific and south seas, with an average of 7 typhoons affecting the coastlands of our country. Meanwhile, many overseas areas in China have high wind and wave heights and high seawater flow speed. In the marine culture development process of China, a high-density polyethylene (HDPE) floating net cage becomes leading equipment, but the problem of wind and wave resistance is not fundamentally solved. In 2011 in 9 months, "Nasha" and "Nige" two typhoons successively land in Hainan, and deep-water culture net cages in Lingao county in Hainan province almost cover the whole army, so that the net cage cannot resist the super-strong typhoon positively.
In deep and open sea cultivation, the cultivation equipment needs to be fixed in a certain area, and has strong wind wave resistance, strong energy self-supply capability and self-sustaining capability, and can be avoided before extreme wind waves come.
The deformation problem of the deepwater net cage caused by ocean current is not negligible, and the volume loss rate of the common gravity net cage can reach 80 percent under the condition that the water flow is 1 m/s, so that the culture water body is greatly compressed, and the growth of fishes is not facilitated.
The netting is cleaned and changed mainly by manual operation, the underwater operation difficulty is higher, and the technical requirement for pollution resistance is high.
The stress response problem of fishes in aquaculture is also outstanding, the deep and open sea aquaculture environment is more complex, factors such as wind, air pressure, water flow, temperature, illumination, salinity and the like are numerous and uncertain, the conventional net cage limits natural actions of the fishes for overcoming the stress response, and technical means and capabilities for adapting and adjusting the environment are lacked, so that the stress response harm of the fishes is more serious and uncontrollable, and the disease rate is increased and even suddenly killed due to slow growth and development of the fishes, reduced reproductive capacity, low immune function and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at least one of the defects or improvement requirements in the prior art, the invention provides a light semi-submersible deep and far sea net cage with a modularized space truss structure, which is feasible in engineering and can be used under the sea condition of 16 m at the maximum wave height, a multi-layer totally-closed or lower-bottom-opened semi-closed cage-shaped space dense truss structure comprising a buoyancy adjustable layer and a buoyancy non-adjustable layer and a semi-submersible truss arranged on the cage-shaped space dense truss structure are adopted as a modularized structure main body of the deep and far sea net cage, and a plurality of light schemes are respectively constructed on a top surface truss, a side surface truss and a bottom surface truss; the invention adopts a standardized structure, has good part universality, simple structure and convenient production, installation and maintenance, and has small loss rate (less than or equal to 5%) of aquaculture water due to ocean current and wind wave; the double-layer truss structure is firm and durable, does not deform, combines heavy coating and cathodic protection anticorrosion technology, and has the service life of more than 30 years on the premise of ensuring periodic large-scale maintenance; greatly reduces the unit use cost of the equipment and paves the way for large-scale open sea cultivation.
The net cage water level line in the semi-submersible working state is located on the middle center maximum diameter line of the spherical buoyancy node at the top layer of the net cage semi-submersible truss, namely the top layer of the net is located at the semi-submersible depth below the sea level, namely 6-12 meters. When the sea condition is poor, the net cage is positioned at the position to avoid the adverse effects of wind waves and turbulent flow on the surface of the sea on the cultured fishes and ensure the safety of the net cage structure.
In order to achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a light semi-submersible type deep and open sea cage with a modular space truss structure, comprising a cage frame and a breeding net, wherein:
the net cage frame is constructed and expanded in a modularized way by truss nodes and truss rod pieces and comprises a totally-enclosed light cage-shaped space truss structure and a semi-submersible truss arranged on the light cage-shaped space truss structure;
the truss nodes comprise buoyancy adjustable points and mechanical nodes with nonadjustable buoyancy, and the truss rod pieces comprise buoyancy adjustable point connecting rods, mechanical node connecting rods and interlayer node connecting rods;
the light cage-shaped space truss structure is a multi-layer truss in the inner and outer directions and comprises a buoyancy adjustable layer and a buoyancy non-adjustable layer, the innermost layer is the buoyancy non-adjustable layer, and the outer side of the innermost layer at least comprises one layer of the buoyancy adjustable layer; the buoyancy adjustable layer comprises the buoyancy adjustable points and connecting rods between the buoyancy adjustable points, and the buoyancy non-adjustable layer comprises the mechanical nodes and connecting rods between the mechanical nodes; the layers are connected through the interlayer node connecting rods between the corresponding truss nodes;
the semi-submersible truss comprises the buoyancy adjustable layer;
the number of the buoyancy adjustable points in the circumferential direction of the single ring, which are cut on the horizontal section of the vertical middle part of the light cage-shaped space truss structure, is less than that of the buoyancy adjustable points in the circumferential direction of the corresponding single ring of the semi-submersible truss on the horizontal section;
the aquaculture net is a totally-enclosed aquaculture net fixed on the innermost layer and with the layer with the non-adjustable buoyancy, so that a closed aquaculture water body space is formed.
In order to achieve the above object, according to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a light semi-submersible type deep and open sea cage with a modular space truss structure, comprising a cage frame and a breeding net, wherein:
the net cage frame is constructed and expanded in a modularized mode through truss nodes and truss rod pieces and comprises a semi-closed and lower-opened light cage-shaped space truss structure and a semi-submersible truss arranged on the light cage-shaped space truss structure;
the truss nodes comprise buoyancy adjustable points and mechanical nodes with nonadjustable buoyancy, and the truss rod pieces comprise buoyancy adjustable point connecting rods, mechanical node connecting rods and interlayer node connecting rods;
the light cage-shaped space truss structure is a multi-layer truss in the inner and outer directions and comprises a buoyancy adjustable layer and a buoyancy non-adjustable layer, the innermost layer is the buoyancy non-adjustable layer, and the outer side of the innermost layer at least comprises one layer of the buoyancy adjustable layer; the buoyancy adjustable layer comprises the buoyancy adjustable points and connecting rods between the buoyancy adjustable points, and the buoyancy non-adjustable layer comprises the mechanical nodes and connecting rods between the mechanical nodes; the layers are connected through the interlayer node connecting rods between the corresponding truss nodes;
the semi-submersible truss comprises the buoyancy adjustable layer;
the number of the buoyancy adjustable points in the circumferential direction of the single ring, which are cut on the horizontal section of the vertical middle part of the light cage-shaped space truss structure, is less than that of the buoyancy adjustable points in the circumferential direction of the corresponding single ring of the semi-submersible truss on the horizontal section;
the aquaculture net is a fully-closed aquaculture net, the part above the net bottom of the aquaculture net is fixed on the innermost layer of the layer with the non-adjustable buoyancy, and the net bottom is a conical flexible net bottom, so that a closed aquaculture water body space is formed.
In order to achieve the above object, according to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a light semi-submersible type deep and open sea cage with a modular space truss structure, comprising a cage frame and a breeding net, wherein:
the net cage frame is constructed and expanded in a modularized mode through truss nodes and truss rod pieces and comprises a semi-closed and lower-opened light cage-shaped space truss structure and a semi-submersible truss arranged on the light cage-shaped space truss structure;
the truss nodes comprise buoyancy adjustable points and mechanical nodes with nonadjustable buoyancy, and the truss rod pieces comprise buoyancy adjustable point connecting rods, mechanical node connecting rods and interlayer node connecting rods;
the light cage-shaped space truss structure is a multi-layer truss in the inner and outer directions and comprises a buoyancy adjustable layer and a buoyancy non-adjustable layer, the innermost layer is the buoyancy non-adjustable layer, and the outer side of the innermost layer at least comprises one layer of the buoyancy adjustable layer; the buoyancy adjustable layer comprises the buoyancy adjustable points and connecting rods between the buoyancy adjustable points, and the buoyancy non-adjustable layer comprises the mechanical nodes and connecting rods between the mechanical nodes; the layers are connected through the interlayer node connecting rods between the corresponding truss nodes;
the semi-submersible truss comprises the buoyancy adjustable layer;
in each single upright post of the side truss of the light cage-shaped space truss structure, a buoyancy adjustable point in the middle is replaced by a mechanical node, and the buoyancy adjustable point and a connecting rod between the mechanical nodes are sequentially connected; the number of the mechanical nodes in the circumferential direction of a single ring, which are cut on the horizontal section of the vertical middle part of the light cage-shaped space truss structure, is less than the number of the buoyancy adjustable points in the circumferential direction of the corresponding single ring of the semi-submersible truss on the horizontal section;
the aquaculture net is a fully-closed aquaculture net, the part above the net bottom of the aquaculture net is fixed on the innermost layer of the layer with the non-adjustable buoyancy, and the net bottom is a conical flexible net bottom, so that a closed aquaculture water body space is formed.
Preferably, the semi-submersible truss is a single layer of the adjustable buoyancy layer.
Preferably, the size of the buoyancy adjustable point inside the inner periphery in the top surface truss of the light cage-shaped space truss structure is smaller than that in the side surface truss;
and/or the size of the connecting rods between the buoyancy adjustable points in the top surface truss of the light cage-shaped space truss structure within the inner periphery is smaller than that of the connecting rods between the buoyancy adjustable points in the side surface truss.
Preferably, the size of the buoyancy adjustable point inside the inner periphery in the bottom surface truss of the light cage-shaped space truss structure is smaller than that in the side surface truss;
and/or the size of the connecting rods between the buoyancy adjustable points in the inner periphery of the bottom surface truss of the light cage-shaped space truss structure is smaller than that of the connecting rods between the buoyancy adjustable points in the side surface truss.
Preferably, at least part of the buoyancy adjustable points in the top surface truss and/or the bottom surface truss of the light cage-shaped space truss structure are not connected with all adjacent buoyancy adjustable points through the connecting rods between the buoyancy adjustable points.
Preferably, the buoyancy adjustable point is a thin-wall hollow shell which is larger than the truss rod piece and is used for generating buoyancy required by the operation of the light-duty semi-submersible type deep and far sea net cage with the modular space truss structure and adjusting the floating and submerging, bearing capacity and underwater posture of the light-duty semi-submersible type deep and far sea net cage with the modular space truss structure, and the underwater posture adjustment comprises switching between any two of a roughly vertical state, a roughly horizontal state and a rolling and turning state in a vertical plane.
Preferably, the buoyancy of the buoyancy adjustable point is adjusted in such a manner that mutual proportions of air intake and exhaust amounts within the case are adjusted.
Preferably, the buoyancy adjustable point comprises a shell, a central air pipe is arranged in the shell, an elastic air bag is arranged between the shell and the central air pipe, an air inlet and an air outlet are arranged on the central air pipe, at least one end of the central air pipe is connected with an air source, and water inlets and water outlets are arranged on the shell and outside the elastic air bag and can be communicated with an external water body where the shell is located;
the expansion degree of the air bag is adjusted by adjusting the air intake and exhaust amount of the elastic air bag, so that the water intake and exhaust amount between the shell and the elastic air bag is adjusted, and further the buoyancy of the node is adjusted.
Preferably, the central air duct acts as an internal reinforcing support structure for the housing.
Preferably, the central air pipe is communicated with the hollow buoyancy adjustable point connecting rod.
Preferably, an air supply and exhaust pipeline between an air source and the central air pipe is arranged in the hollow connecting rod between the buoyancy-adjustable points.
Preferably, the truss node further comprises a storage node;
part of the buoyancy adjustable points are replaced by the storage nodes, and the storage nodes are thin-wall hollow shells which are larger than the truss rod pieces and used for storing materials required by the light semi-submersible type deep and open sea net cage with the modular space truss structure in working, wherein the materials comprise gaseous materials, liquid materials or solid materials;
each such storage node providing a source of gas for buoyancy adjustment at one or more of said buoyancy adjustable points about the periphery thereof when said storage node is storing gaseous material;
when the storage node stores liquid materials, the storage node is used for storing oil or fresh water;
when the storage node stores solid materials, the storage node is used for storing granulated feed or functional equipment comprising batteries and electronic equipment.
Preferably, the truss nodes further comprise weight gain nodes;
part of the buoyancy adjustable points are replaced by the weight gain nodes, the weight gain nodes are thin-wall hollow shells which are larger than the truss rod pieces in size, and the contents with specific gravity larger than water are filled in the weight gain nodes to overcome buoyancy and increase dead weight, so that the balance and stability of the light semi-submersible type deep and far sea net cage of the whole modularized space truss structure are improved.
Preferably, the method for adjusting the posture comprises the following steps:
s1, determining the posture adjusting direction and the gravity balance middle and longitudinal surfaces of the whole modularized space truss structure light-duty semi-submersible deep and far sea net cage;
s2, reducing the buoyancy of the buoyancy adjustable point in front of the posture adjusting direction of the longitudinal plane in the gravity balance, and increasing the buoyancy of the buoyancy adjustable point in back of the posture adjusting direction of the longitudinal plane in the gravity balance;
s3, rolling the whole light semi-submersible deep and far sea net cage with the modular space truss structure to reach a middle temporary rebalancing state;
s4, repeating the steps S1-S3 until reaching the preset posture.
The above-described preferred features may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
Generally, compared with the prior art, the above technical solution conceived by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a light semi-submersible deep-open sea net cage with a modularized space truss structure, which is feasible in engineering and can be used under the condition of the maximum wave height of 16 meters, wherein a multi-layer totally-closed or lower-bottom-opened semi-closed cage-shaped space dense truss structure comprising a buoyancy adjustable layer and a buoyancy non-adjustable layer and a semi-submersible truss arranged on the cage-shaped space dense truss structure are adopted as a modularized structure main body of the deep-open sea net cage, and a plurality of light schemes are respectively constructed on a top surface truss, a side surface truss and a bottom surface truss; the invention adopts a standardized structure, has good part universality, simple structure and convenient production, installation and maintenance, and has small loss rate (less than or equal to 5%) of aquaculture water due to ocean current and wind wave; the double-layer truss structure is firm and durable, does not deform, combines heavy coating and cathodic protection anticorrosion technology, and has the service life of more than 30 years on the premise of ensuring periodic large-scale maintenance; greatly reduces the unit use cost of the equipment and paves the way for large-scale open sea cultivation.
The net cage water level line in the semi-submersible working state is located on the middle center maximum diameter line of the spherical buoyancy node at the top layer of the net cage semi-submersible truss, namely the top layer of the net is located at the semi-submersible depth below the sea level, namely 6-12 meters. When the sea condition is poor, the net cage is positioned at the position to avoid the adverse effects of wind waves and turbulent flow on the surface of the sea on the cultured fishes and ensure the safety of the net cage structure.
The structural main body effectively disperses the structural stress generated in the working state and can keep the integrity of the overall structure under the condition that partial structural rods or nodes fail, thereby greatly improving the structural mechanical property of the net cage, ensuring the safety of the whole net cage and resisting 17-level typhoon.
The main body of the dispersed dense steel structure has higher natural frequency, and is not easy to resonate with external working conditions, so that the fatigue limit of the structure is greatly improved, and the safe working life of the net cage is ensured.
The multilayer totally-enclosed cage-shaped space dense truss structure can prevent the destruction of sharks or large fishes and protect the cultured objects.
The buoyancy of at least part of buoyancy adjustable points in the net cage is synchronously or distributively adjusted, and the working condition adjustment of the net cage for floating, semi-submerging, bottom sitting and super-floating is realized according to the requirement of the culture working condition; the adjustment of the draught or the bearing capacity of the net cage in water is realized; the adjustment of the posture of the net cage is realized, and the adjustment comprises the switching between any two of a roughly vertical state, a roughly horizontal state and a rolling state in a vertical plane. The switching can be completely finished in water, and the influence of sea storms is avoided by utilizing the relatively calm ocean current environment under water; the method can also be completed in a normal full-floating working state and an ultra-floating working state, for example, when sea storms are small, the method is more beneficial to matching the underwater buoyancy by utilizing the self gravity of the part above the sea surface.
In deep sea aquaculture, the switching of rolling of box with a net gesture can be with the face of difference upwards in proper order or even emerge, neither influence the aquatic products in the box with a net, the attachment that is favorable to the box with a net again drops by oneself in rolling, the cleaning operation who emerges the surface of water, the timely maintenance on water of box with a net part etc. and according to the sun position, the orientation of box with a net sunshade (like the attachment), aquatic products illumination scheme adjustment gesture, utilize the shading of box with a net sunshade to keep off the effect of flowing, it is long when the illumination in the box with a net from main control, direction and control velocity of flow, avoid fish stress, improve aquatic products quality and output. The advantages brought by the created active improvement of the culture environment are not listed.
The totally-enclosed net cage has a bottom-sitting working condition, so the net bottom is a plane hard metal or polymer grid net bottom, the mechanical nodes of the double-layer truss on the top surface and the bottom surface are in a disc-shaped structure, the hard modular grid net bottom is conveniently arranged on the truss on the bottom layer, and a net bottom cleaning machine running on the grid net bottom is responsible for cleaning various residues and dead fishes.
The scheme of the conical flexible net bottom has the advantages that dead fish and redundant residual baits can be concentrated downwards along with the inclined pull netting due to gravity and can be discharged out of the net through the conical holes at the conical bottom, and the difficulty and the period for cleaning the bottom of the net cage are reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of a double-layer truss structure of a modular space truss structure light-duty semi-submersible deep open sea cage of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of a double-deck truss structure of the modular space truss structure light-duty semi-submersible deep open sea cage of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the double-deck truss structure of the modular space truss structure light-duty semi-submersible deep open sea cage of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken at A-A of FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged, fragmentary schematic view of the top truss of FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is an enlarged, fragmentary schematic view of the side truss of FIG. 4;
FIG. 7 is an enlarged, fragmentary schematic view of the bottom truss of FIG. 4;
fig. 8 is a schematic view of the spherical buoyancy nodes of the modular space truss structure light semi-submersible deep open sea cage of the present invention.
FIG. 9a is a schematic illustration of the minimum buoyancy of a spherical buoyancy node in the ocean space truss structure of the present invention;
FIG. 9b is a schematic illustration of the intermediate buoyancy of the spherical buoyancy node in the ocean space truss structure of the present invention;
FIG. 9c is a schematic illustration of the maximum buoyancy of the spherical buoyancy node in the ocean space truss structure of the present invention;
FIG. 10a is a schematic view showing the vertical change of the working condition of the light semi-submersible deep open sea cage with the modular space truss structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 10b is a schematic view showing the change of the working conditions of the light semi-submersible deep sea cage with the modular space truss structure in the transverse and roll-over states;
fig. 10c is a schematic view of the modular space truss structure light semi-submersible deep open sea cage of the present invention switching between a generally horizontal position and a generally vertical position;
fig. 10d is a schematic view of the modular space truss structure light-duty semi-submersible deep open sea cage of the present invention switching between a generally horizontal or generally vertical position and a rolled over position in the vertical plane;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of a storage node of the modular space truss structure light semi-submersible deep and open sea cage of the present invention;
FIG. 12a is a schematic view of the weighted node of the light semi-submersible deep open sea cage of the modular space truss structure of the present invention;
FIG. 12b is an enlarged partial schematic view of FIG. 12 a;
FIG. 13 is a front elevation view of a lightweight topside and bottomside version of the modular space truss structure lightweight semi-submersible deep open sea cage of the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a top plan view of the lightweight topside and bottomside version of the modular space truss structure lightweight semi-submersible deep open sea cage of the present invention;
fig. 15 is a perspective view of a lightweight top and bottom surface version of the modular space truss structured lightweight semi-submersible deep open sea cage of the present invention;
fig. 16 is a front view of a tapered flexible net bottom version of the modular space truss structure light semi-submersible deep open sea cage of the present invention;
fig. 17 is a top view of the tapered flexible bottom version of the modular space truss structured light semi-submersible deep open sea cage of the present invention;
fig. 18 is a perspective view of a tapered flexible net bottom version of the modular space truss structured light semi-submersible deep open sea cage of the present invention;
FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional view taken at A-A in FIG. 17;
FIG. 20 is an elevation view of a light column version of the modular space truss structure light semi-submersible deep open sea cage of the present invention;
FIG. 21 is a top plan view of a light column version of the modular space truss structured light semi-submersible deep open sea cage of the present invention;
FIG. 22 is a perspective view of a light column version of the modular space truss structured light semi-submersible deep open sea cage of the present invention;
FIG. 23 is a cross-sectional view taken at A-A of FIG. 21;
FIG. 24 is an enlarged partial schematic view of the top side joint of FIG. 23;
FIG. 25 is an enlarged partial schematic view of the bottom side joint of FIG. 23;
FIG. 26 is an enlarged partial schematic view of FIG. 23 at the base of the cone;
fig. 27 is a side view of the anchored state of the modular space truss structure light semi-submersible deep open sea cage of the present invention;
fig. 28 is a top view of the anchored state of the modular space truss structure light semi-submersible deep open sea cage of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other. The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1-28, the present invention provides an engineering feasible light-duty semi-submersible deep-sea cage with a modular space truss structure, which can be used under a sea condition of 16 m at the maximum wave height, hereinafter referred to as light-duty semi-submersible cage, comprising a cage frame, a culture net, an anchoring system, and supporting facilities (underwater monitoring, automatic fish feeding, automatic fishing, water quality monitoring, net bottom cleaning machine, etc.).
The net cage frame is built and expanded in a modularized mode through truss nodes and truss rod pieces and comprises a fully-closed light cage-shaped space truss structure and a semi-submersible truss arranged on the light cage-shaped space truss structure. The shape of the net cage frame can be various, such as spherical, cylindrical, quadrangular prism, pentagonal prism, hexagonal prism, octagonal prism and the like. The shape of the recommended net cage frame is regular hexagonal prism.
The truss nodes comprise buoyancy adjustable points 10 (preferably spherical buoyancy nodes), buoyancy non-adjustable mechanical nodes 11 (preferably spherical mechanical nodes), and the truss rods comprise buoyancy adjustable inter-point connecting rods 12, mechanical inter-node connecting rods 13, interlayer inter-node connecting rods 14, and preferably also comprise truss reinforced cross diagonal bracing rods 15.
After the design of the net cage frame structure is completed, it can be found that although the mechanical property of the net cage frame can meet various requirements of the deep sea net cage, the weight of the net cage frame far exceeds the buoyancy generated by the net cage, that is, the net cage cannot float in the sea, which is inconsistent with most working conditions of the use of the net cage and needs to be solved.
The light cage-shaped space truss structure is constructed into a multilayer truss in the inner and outer directions and comprises a buoyancy adjustable layer and a buoyancy non-adjustable layer, wherein the innermost layer is the buoyancy non-adjustable layer, and the outer side of the innermost layer at least comprises one buoyancy adjustable layer. Further, in the multi-layer truss in the inner and outer directions, the buoyancy adjustable layers and the buoyancy non-adjustable layers are sequentially alternated. The buoyancy adjustable layer comprises the buoyancy adjustable points 10 and the buoyancy adjustable point connecting rods 12, and the buoyancy non-adjustable layer comprises the mechanical nodes 11 and the mechanical node connecting rods 13; the layers are connected by the interlayer node connecting rods 14 between the corresponding truss nodes.
The semi-submersible truss includes the buoyancy adjustable layer. Preferably, the semi-submersible truss is a single layer of the adjustable buoyancy layer.
The water discharging volume of the dense truss structure is small, so that buoyancy required by the net cage cannot be provided, the buoyancy adjustable point 10 is designed into a thin-wall hollow shell (preferably a thin-wall hollow shell) which is larger than a truss rod piece, on the premise that the mechanical property of the original node is kept, the hollow node is used for generating buoyancy required by the work of the light-weight semi-submersible type deep and open sea net cage with the modular space truss structure, and adjusting the floating submergence, bearing capacity and underwater posture of the light-weight semi-submersible type deep and open sea net cage with the modular space truss structure, and the underwater posture adjustment comprises switching between any two of a roughly vertical state, a roughly horizontal state and a rolling-over state in the vertical plane.
The device at the truss node is called a node buoyancy device, the shape of the node buoyancy device can be any in theory, and considering the optimization of the mechanical property and the material volume comparison of the buoyancy node device, the shape of the first-choice expanded buoyancy node is a hollow spherical body, and gas or other light materials with lighter weight are arranged in the spherical cavity and are collectively called as the spherical buoyancy node device. The center of the spherical buoyancy node is the center of the truss mechanical node. In specific application, the buoyancy nodes are combined in a form corresponding to the structural relationship and arranged according to a certain spatial rule. Whatever the shape, the effect is the same in creating the majority of the buoyancy, even the majority. For example, in the prior art, the buoyancy required in the operation of the net cage is a lower floating body, and the buoyancy node of the invention does not exist; some of the prior art have rods and rod nodes, but the buoyancy required for the operation of the net cage is generated by the rods and not by the rod nodes, and the rod nodes cannot be called the buoyancy node device in the sense of the invention.
Because the spherical buoyancy nodes and the mechanical nodes are independently and uniformly distributed on all truss nodes of the truss structure, the supporting buoyancy corresponding to the structure is generated for the whole structure, and the stress distribution state of the whole net cage frame is improved.
Due to the independence among the spherical buoyancy node devices, when the buoyancy of the individual spherical buoyancy node is invalid, the overall buoyancy level of the whole net cage is still maintained above a safe level line, so that the safety of the net cage is ensured.
The buoyancy node type truss structure has the characteristics of light weight, high industrialization degree, high integral strength and rigidity, easiness in splicing and expansion, low investment cost and the like, and is suitable for manufacturing and construction. The floating net cage can completely meet the requirements of strength and safety, replaces the traditional large floating net cage, reduces the design, manufacture and construction difficulty and cost, shortens the construction period, reduces the natural condition limitation and is simple to maintain.
The light semi-submersible deep and far sea net cage with the modular space truss structure provided by the invention adopts a multi-layer fully-closed cage-shaped space dense truss structure comprising a buoyancy adjustable layer and a buoyancy non-adjustable layer as a structural main body of the deep and far sea net cage, so that the effective space maximization of a fully-closed culture water body space is ensured. Due to the fact that the modular design concept is adopted, the net cage frame structural member with the same modulus has universality, the type is simple, the standard parts account for a large proportion, the sizes of the parts are relatively small, production and processing are relatively easy, and the manufacturing cost is relatively low.
The structural main body effectively disperses the structural stress generated in the working state and can keep the integrity of the overall structure under the condition that partial structural rods or nodes fail, thereby greatly improving the structural mechanical property of the net cage, ensuring the safety of the whole net cage and resisting 17-level typhoon.
The main body of the dispersed dense steel structure has higher natural frequency, and is not easy to resonate with external working conditions, so that the fatigue limit of the structure is greatly improved, and the safe working life of the net cage is ensured.
The multilayer totally-enclosed cage-shaped space dense truss structure can prevent the destruction of sharks or large fishes and protect the cultured objects.
In the marine environment, wave impact is the main control load of the structural design, in order to effectively utilize the marine space and develop marine resources, the invention introduces the multi-layer truss structure into a deep and far sea net cage, and shows that the stress distribution of the whole structure is more uniform and the stress of the whole structure is reasonable under the action of the marine environmental load through finite element analysis and calculation of a floating type dense truss structure model; when the actual structure is designed, the specific engineering requirements are combined, the structure strength is ensured, the relation between the stress value and the allowable stress is processed, and measures such as changing the size parameters of local components and the like can be adopted to improve the effective bearing capacity of the structure.
The invention constructs various light schemes on the top surface, the side surface and the bottom surface of the net cage frame respectively.
In the lateral direction, the number of the buoyancy adjustable points 10 in the circumferential direction of the single ring of the light cage-shaped space truss structure, which is cut on the horizontal section of the vertical middle part, is less than the number of the buoyancy adjustable points 10 in the circumferential direction of the corresponding single ring of the semi-submersible truss structure on the horizontal section.
In the top surface direction, the size of the buoyancy adjustable point 10 inside the inner periphery in the top surface truss of the light cage-shaped space truss structure is smaller than that of the buoyancy adjustable point 10 in the side surface truss; and/or the size of the buoyancy adjustable point connecting rod 12 inside the inner periphery in the top surface truss of the light cage-shaped space truss structure is smaller than that of the buoyancy adjustable point connecting rod 12 in the side surface truss.
In the bottom surface direction, the size of the buoyancy adjustable point 10 inside the inner periphery in the bottom surface truss of the light cage-shaped space truss structure is smaller than that of the buoyancy adjustable point 10 in the side surface truss; and/or the size of the buoyancy adjustable point connecting rod 12 in the bottom surface truss of the light cage-shaped space truss structure within the inner periphery is smaller than that of the buoyancy adjustable point connecting rod 12 in the side surface truss.
Preferably, at least some of the buoyancy adjustable points 10 of the top truss and/or the bottom truss of the lightweight cage-shaped space truss structure are not connected to all adjacent buoyancy adjustable points 10 by the buoyancy adjustable inter-point connecting rods 12.
The aquaculture net is a totally-enclosed aquaculture net fixed on the innermost layer and with the layer with the non-adjustable buoyancy, so that a closed aquaculture water body space is formed.
Further, the light semi-submersible net cage of the regular hexagonal prism shaped double-layer truss shown in fig. 1 to 7 is taken as an example for detailed description. The horizontal and vertical modules are 6 meters, the side length is 18 meters, the depth is 24 meters, the semi-submersible depth is 6 meters, and the nominal volume is 2 ten thousand cubic meters.
This construction can be broken down into a semi-submersible truss of single-layer construction, a lightweight top truss of double-layer construction, a lightweight side truss of double-layer construction and a dense array bottom truss of double-layer construction.
The single-layer semi-submersible truss is in a prism shape formed by two regular-hexagon closed annular structures, each regular-hexagon closed annular structure is formed by a horizontal connecting rod piece and spherical buoyancy nodes, and the upper ring and the lower ring are formed by connecting corresponding upper spherical buoyancy nodes and lower spherical buoyancy nodes through vertical connecting rod pieces.
In the semi-submersible truss, the distance between adjacent spherical buoyancy nodes on the side length is the horizontal modulus of the net cage, and the number of the nodes on the side length is the number of the nodes on the side length. The horizontal modulus and the number of the side length nodes determine the side length of the net cage. The 6 times of the side length is the perimeter of the net cage, and the area of the net cage can be obtained by multiplying 3/2 x v 3 by the square of the side length. The area of the net cage multiplied by the effective culture height of the net cage is the net cage culture volume.
The distance between the same vertical axis of the semi-submersible truss and two corresponding spherical buoyancy nodes is the submergence height of the net cage, and after the diameter of the spherical buoyancy nodes is determined, the height of the spherical buoyancy nodes is determined by the height of the vertical connecting rods. Typically, the semi-submersible depth is between 6 and 12 meters.
In the semi-submersible truss side rectangular unit, truss reinforced cross diagonal bracing members 15 can be arranged according to the requirement of mechanical property.
The light top, side and bottom truss structures with double-layer structures are arranged below the semi-submersible truss structure.
The light double-layer top truss is formed by six large regular triangle unit structure arrays. Is divided into an outer layer and an inner layer. Wherein, the outer side of the outer layer is provided with a spherical buoyancy node and a horizontal connecting rod which are shared by the semi-submersible truss. The nodes and the rods on the inner side of the outer layer are light. The inner layers are all light-weight nodes and rods. The inner and outer layers are connected by vertical connecting rods through inner and outer layer nodes which are vertical to the axis to form an integral truss. The top surface of the netting is fixed on a horizontal rod piece of the top surface truss inner layer structure.
The light double-layer side truss is formed by six large rectangular units which are closed and surrounded. The upper edge of the structure at the outer side of the rectangular unit is intersected with the lower edge of the semi-submersible truss and the outer edge of the outer layer of the truss at the top surface, and the rod piece and the node at the intersection are shared. The outer layer of the side edge is formed by combining buoyancy spherical nodes and vertical connecting rods, and the height of the outer layer is determined by the vertical modulus and the number of the vertical nodes. And truss reinforcing cross diagonal bracing members 15 are arranged at diagonal positions of the outer layer of the large rectangular unit to increase the mechanical strength of the whole side truss. The inner truss of the rectangular unit consists of a rod piece with a light structure and a node ball. The inner and outer layers are connected by oblique and horizontal connecting rods to form a structure between the nodes of the corresponding inner and outer layers. The side surface of the netting is fixed on the inner layer truss vertical connecting rod piece of the side surface truss.
The heavy bottom truss is composed of a plurality of regular triangle unit arrays with the side length being a horizontal modulus. The outer layer of the double-layer structure is connected into a regular hexagon structure by spherical buoyancy nodes and horizontal connecting rods, the spherical buoyancy nodes outside the double-layer structure are intersected with the peripheral connecting rods and the spherical buoyancy nodes and the side length connecting rods at the bottom layer of the side truss, and the rods and the nodes at the intersection are shared. The inner layer of the bottom truss is composed of relatively light-weight rod pieces and disk-shaped nodes. The inner and outer layers are connected into an integral truss structure by vertical connecting rods which are connected with corresponding inner and outer nodes. The bottom net of the netting is formed by splicing corresponding regular triangle unit hard grid modules, and the grid modules are arranged on the inner layer disc-shaped nodes.
The net rack frame adopts a double-layer truss structure so as to improve the structural strength of the truss. If the size of the net cage is increased, a three-layer or multi-layer truss structure can be adopted. The plane area of the net cage is determined by the modulus of the horizontal nodes and the number of the side length nodes.
The depth of the net cage is determined by the modulus of the vertical nodes and the number of the nodes in the vertical direction. The horizontal modulus and the vertical modulus may be the same or different. The net cages with the same modulus are different according to the number of the horizontal nodes and the modulus of the vertical nodes. Can form a series of products with different plane areas and culture water volumes. The volume of the body of water may vary from hundreds to tens of thousands of cubic meters.
In this example, the outer truss nodes of the double-layer truss structure constituting the cage frame are expanded into spherical buoyancy node units, and the connecting rods of the outer layer truss are expanded accordingly, because on one hand, better mechanical properties are provided for the structure, and on the other hand, larger buoyancy is provided to reduce the weight of the cage in water. In the inner layer of the double-layer truss, the size of a light part is adopted, and the diameter of a mechanical node and a rod piece is one half to one fourth of that of the outer layer structure. The inner layer rod piece of the side truss is used for tying and hanging the corresponding side netting. Further, the size of the buoyancy adjustable point 10 is larger than the size of the mechanical node 11. The size of the buoyancy adjustable inter-point link 12 is larger than that of the mechanical inter-node link 13. Specific examples are:
spherical mechanical node phi of outer-layer trussOuter cover＝0.6m；
Spherical buoyancy node phi of outer layer trussFloating body＝2.0m；
Connecting rod phi between points with adjustable buoyancy of outer layer trussOutside the pole400mm, 12mm in thickness, and the gravity and the buoyancy are balanced at the moment;
spherical mechanical node phi of inner-layer trussInner part＝0.4m；
Connecting rod phi between mechanical nodes of inner-layer trussIn the pole＝150mm；
The connecting rod between the nodes between the inner layer truss and the outer layer truss has two specifications, namely a vertical connecting rod phi and an oblique connecting rod phi between the nodes between the layersConnecting 1300mm horizontal interlayer node connecting rod phiConnecting 2＝150mm。
Further, the side surface and the top surface of the totally-enclosed cultivation net adopt soft netting 21; because the net cage has a bottom-sitting working condition, the net bottom is a plane hard metal or polymer grid net bottom 22. Further, the mechanical node 11 of the top-bottom double-layer truss is a disc-shaped structure (the side surface can still be a spherical structure), and the function of the mechanical node is to conveniently install a hard modular grid bottom 22 on the bottom-layer truss, and a bottom cleaning machine 23 running on the grid bottom is responsible for cleaning various residues and dead fish.
Furthermore, as the net cage works far away from the coast, in order to prevent the net clothing from being damaged by large sharks and the like, metal shark-proof nets or grids can be additionally arranged on the outermost sides of the side surfaces and the top surface of the net cage, and the shark-proof nets or grids are formed by assembling standard miniaturized modules.
Further, the buoyancy adjustable point 10 performs buoyancy adjustment in a manner of adjusting mutual proportions of air intake and exhaust amounts in the casing, and specific embodiments are as follows.
As shown in fig. 8, the buoyancy adjustable point 10 includes a housing 101, a central air pipe 102 is disposed in the housing 101, an elastic air bag 103 is disposed between the housing 101 and the central air pipe 102, an air inlet and outlet 104 is disposed on the central air pipe 102, at least one end of the central air pipe 102 is connected to an air source, an air inlet and outlet 105 is disposed on the housing 101 and outside the elastic air bag 103, and the air inlet and outlet 105 can be communicated with an external water body; the shell at the two ends of the central air pipe 102 is provided with a connecting flange 106 and a sealing pressure plate 107 for being in sealing connection with the truss rod piece, the upper connecting flange is provided with an air inlet 108 and a corresponding air inlet valve 1081, an air outlet 109 and a corresponding air outlet valve 1091 which are communicated with the upper end of the central air pipe 102, and the air inlet valve and the air outlet valve are communicated with an air source, such as an air compression device (such as an air pump) or a spherical storage node 10' for storing compressed air; of course, the intake and exhaust ports, the intake and exhaust valves controlled by external signals may all be combined into one; the air inlet and outlet 105 at the lower connecting flange is correspondingly provided with an inlet and outlet valve 1051 controlled by an external signal, and preferably also provided with an inlet filter 1010 between the external water body and the internal water body. The air bag expansion degree is adjusted by adjusting the air intake and exhaust amount of the elastic air bag 103, so that the air intake and exhaust amount between the shell 101 and the elastic air bag 103 is adjusted, and the buoyancy of the buoyancy adjustable point is adjusted. During operation, when the air inlet valve 1081 and the water inlet and outlet valve 1051 are opened simultaneously, compressed air enters the elastic air bag 103, the air bag expands, the volume is increased, water with corresponding volume is discharged into external water from the water inlet and outlet valve 1051, and then the buoyancy of the buoyancy adjustable point is increased. On the contrary, when the exhaust valve 1091 and the water inlet and drain valve 1051 are opened simultaneously, the pressure of the gas in the elastic air bag 103 is reduced, the air bag is contracted, the volume is reduced, the water with the corresponding volume enters the inner part of the buoyancy adjustable point from the water inlet and drain valve 1051, and the buoyancy of the buoyancy adjustable point is increased. In the above adjustment process, if the intake and exhaust valves and the intake and exhaust valves 1051 are closed at the same time, the ratio of water to gas inside the buoyancy adjustable point will be maintained in the state when the valves are closed, and the buoyancy of the buoyancy adjustable point is stabilized at the specific value adjusted at this time.
As shown in fig. 9a-c, when the inside of the buoyancy adjustable point is completely filled with gas, the buoyancy of the buoyancy node is the maximum, when the gas pressure is reduced, the water in the external water body gradually enters the inside of the sphere, the buoyancy of the buoyancy node is reduced, and when the gas pressure is reduced, the buoyancy of the buoyancy node is the minimum when the water in the external water body is completely filled in the sphere.
Further, the central air tube 102 serves as an internal reinforcing support structure for the housing 101. Further, each of the central air pipes 102 in the deep sea net cage is disposed in a main force-receiving direction of the respective housing 101.
Further, the central air pipe 102 is communicated with the hollow truss rod, and the connecting rod 12 itself between the adjustable points of the hollow buoyancy is used as an air supply channel of the air source, so that the air supply device is suitable for the condition that the diameter of the truss rod, the length of the air path, the power of the air source and the like are matched with each other. If the matching condition is not good, further, the hollow space of the connecting rod 12 between the buoyancy adjustable points is utilized to arrange an air source and an air supply and exhaust pipeline between the central air pipes 102, so that the air supply and exhaust pipeline is well protected in the truss rod, and the air supply and exhaust pipeline is prefabricated in the truss rod to be assembled in the whole manufacturing process of the deep and open sea net cage, so that the production efficiency is improved.
As shown in fig. 10a-d, the floating, bearing capacity and underwater posture of the light semi-submersible type deep and far sea net cage with the modular space truss structure can be adjusted by synchronously or distributively adjusting the buoyancy of single or multiple buoyancy adjustable points at different positions in the net cage as follows.
The working condition adjustment of the net cage floating, semi-submergence, bottom sitting and super-floatation is realized according to the requirement of the culture working condition, and the net cage floats as much as possible when fish is collected and the net is replaced or cleaned, so that the operation is convenient.
As shown in fig. 10a, in normal use (vertical, i.e. substantially vertical), the working conditions of the net cage are:
1. a normal full-floating state, wherein the buoyancy of the net cage is greater than the gravity of the net cage in the working state;
2. a semi-submersible working state, wherein the buoyancy of the net cage is slightly larger than the gravity of the net cage;
3. a bottom-seated working state in which the buoyancy of the net cage is less than the gravity of the net cage;
4. the super-floating working state, in which the buoyancy of the net cage is far greater than the gravity of the net cage.
The four working states are specifically applied to that the net cage can be set to be in a full-floating or semi-submersible working state during normal culture, a net cage waterline in the normal full-floating state is positioned on the maximum diameter line of the center of a spherical buoyancy node on the outer layer of a net cage top layer truss, namely the net cage top layer is positioned below the offshore plane, and when the sea condition is good, the net cage is positioned at the working position, so that the daily culture work such as observation, feeding and the like of a culture body is facilitated; the semi-submersible working state has the advantages that the water line of the net cage is positioned on the maximum diameter line of the middle center of the spherical buoyancy node at the top layer of the semi-submersible truss of the net cage, namely the top layer of the net cover is positioned at the semi-submersible depth below the sea level, namely 6 to 12 meters, so that the impact of stormy waves on the net cage is effectively avoided, the structure of the net cage is ensured to be stable and safe, the damage of the stormy waves and ocean currents on culture facilities and culture objects can be reduced, and the cultured fish groups are prevented from being killed in batches; when the special requirements of wind waves, ocean currents and water temperature are met, the net cage can be set to be in a bottom-sitting working state. For example, in heavy storms, the temperature of the sea surface is too high, and the temperature of the culture water body needs to be reduced, for example, when Atlantic salmon are cultured in the cold water mass in the yellow sea in summer. Or when the temperature of the sea surface is too low and the temperature of the culture water body needs to be increased, such as the situation that the large yellow croaker in the east China sea is cultured in winter; when the net cage is inspected, maintained, the netting is replaced, and cultured fishes are thrown and harvested, the net cage can be set to be in an ultra-floating state, so that the operation difficulty can be greatly reduced.
As shown in fig. 10b-d, the adjustment of the draught or the bearing capacity of the net cage in water is realized; the adjustment of the posture of the net cage is realized, and the adjustment comprises the switching between any two of a roughly vertical state, a roughly horizontal state and a rolling state in a vertical plane. The switching can be completely finished in water, and the influence of sea storms is avoided by utilizing the relatively calm ocean current environment under water; the method can also be completed in a normal full-floating working state and an ultra-floating working state, for example, when sea storms are small, the method is more beneficial to matching the underwater buoyancy by utilizing the self gravity of the part above the sea surface.
As shown in fig. 10b, when the net cage is used transversely (in a substantially horizontal state), except for the specific application of the same working state and state as the normal vertical working state, the rolling working state is added, particularly but not limited to the super-floating working state, and in the rolling working state, the net cage structure can completely float out of the water one by one in the rotating process, which brings great convenience to the maintenance of the net cage, such as cleaning and coating of attachments, replacement of parts and the like.
As shown in fig. 10c, is switched between a substantially horizontal state and a substantially vertical state; fig. 10d shows switching between a substantially horizontal state or a substantially vertical state and a tumble state in the vertical plane.
In deep sea aquaculture, the switching of rolling of box with a net gesture can be with the face of difference upwards in proper order or even emerge, neither influence the aquatic products in the box with a net, the attachment that is favorable to the box with a net again drops by oneself in rolling, the cleaning operation who emerges the surface of water, the timely maintenance on water of box with a net part etc. and according to the sun position, the orientation of box with a net sunshade (like the attachment), aquatic products illumination scheme adjustment gesture, utilize the shading of box with a net sunshade to keep off the effect of flowing, it is long when the illumination in the box with a net from main control, direction and control velocity of flow, avoid fish stress, improve aquatic products quality and output. The advantages brought by the created active improvement of the culture environment are not listed.
As shown in fig. 10d, the method for adjusting the posture of the net cage includes the following steps:
s1, determining the posture adjusting direction and the gravity balance middle and longitudinal surfaces of the whole modularized space truss structure light-duty semi-submersible deep and far sea net cage;
s2, exhausting and intaking air into the buoyancy adjustable point 10 in front of the posture adjusting direction of the longitudinal plane in the gravity balance to reduce the buoyancy of the buoyancy adjustable point, and intaking air and draining water into the buoyancy adjustable point 10 in back of the posture adjusting direction of the longitudinal plane in the gravity balance to increase the buoyancy of the buoyancy adjustable point;
s3, rolling the whole light semi-submersible deep and far sea net cage with the modular space truss structure to reach a middle temporary rebalancing state;
s4, repeating the steps S1-S3 until reaching the preset posture.
After the intermediate temporary rebalance state is reached, in step S4, the direction of posture adjustment determined again and the longitudinal plane in the gravity balance of the whole net cage may be different from those determined previously, for example, fig. 10d shows roll-over in the vertical plane of the paper, at 45 °, roll-over in the vertical plane having an angle of 45 ° with the paper may be changed, and at 90 °, roll-over in the vertical plane perpendicular to the paper may be changed. That is, from the initial state to the final predetermined pose, the middle rollover path needs to be planned and designed in advance, and an optimal path needs to be selected from a plurality of possible rollover paths before performing S1-S4.
As shown in fig. 11, the truss node of the present invention further comprises storage nodes 10', preferably spherical storage nodes.
Part of the buoyancy adjustable points 10 (preferably part of the buoyancy adjustable points at the top of the net cage) are replaced by the storage nodes 10', and the storage nodes are thin-wall hollow shells which are expanded compared with the truss rods and are used for storing materials required by the work of the light semi-submersible type deep and open sea net cage with the modular space truss structure, wherein the materials comprise gaseous materials, liquid materials or solid materials; the storage nodes have the common characteristics that the gravity center can be reduced, and the stability of the net cage is improved; make full use of the storage space of self, improved self-sustaining power and duration, and provided better closure, storage temperature stability need not to carry out frequent goods and materials through boats and ships and transports and supply.
Each such storage node 10 'provides a source of gas for buoyancy adjustment of one or more of the buoyancy adjustable points 10 at the periphery thereof when the storage node 10' is storing a gaseous material for storage of compressed gas. The structure of the storage node 10' for storing compressed gas can be designed independently, and can be similar to the buoyancy adjustable point 10, except that an elastic air bag, a water inlet and outlet valve, a water inlet and outlet filter and the like are removed on the basis, a central air pipe, an air inlet and outlet, a connecting flange, a sealing pressing plate, an air inlet valve, an air outlet valve and the like are reserved, and the central air pipe and the air inlet and outlet can be further omitted; wherein the air inlet and the air inlet valve are used for periodically supplementing compressed air from the outside or supplementing the compressed air by a pipeline in time; the outlet and outlet valves of the storage node 10' for storing compressed gas communicate with the inlet and inlet valves of the buoyancy adjustable point 10. The arrangement of the storage node 10' for storing the compressed gas can be automatically completed without depending on external power and gas source in application occasions where the buoyancy is not required to be adjusted frequently, such as the full-floating and semi-submersible working state transition of the aquaculture net cage; the design of the gas supply and exhaust pipelines in the truss rod piece can be greatly simplified, and the maintenance difficulty is reduced.
When the storage node 10' stores liquid materials, the storage node is used for storing oil materials or fresh water; the structure of the storage node 10' for storing liquid material can be designed as shown in fig. 10, and the inlet 1011 and the outlet 1012 are used for external periodical supplement/discharge or pipeline timely supplement/discharge, and when the external periodical supplement is performed, it is preferable that the external periodical supplement is performed when the external periodical supplement is rolled or floats above the water surface. The feed 1011 and discharge 1012 ports are shown as being independently located on the exterior of the truss members, preferably with valves; and the truss rod piece or a pipeline arranged in the truss rod piece is utilized to feed and discharge materials, which is similar to the gas storage node. In some application scenarios, stored oil can be used by the generator set; the stored fresh water can come from external supplement, or can be collected from seawater desalination device and natural precipitation through pipeline, and then can be used for regurgitation.
When the storage node 10' stores solid materials, the solid materials generally refer to solid particles, such as granulated feed, that can be easily added and removed from the storage node. The structure of the storage node 10' for storing solid materials can be designed as shown in fig. 10, and the inlet 1011 and the outlet 1012 are used for external periodical supplement/discharge or pipeline timely supplement/discharge, and when the external periodical supplement is performed, it is preferable that the external periodical supplement is performed when the storage node rolls or floats above the water surface. The feed 1011 and discharge 1012 ports are shown as being independently located on the exterior of the truss members, preferably with valves; and the truss rod piece or a pipeline arranged in the truss rod piece is utilized to feed and discharge materials, which is similar to the gas storage node. Another case is to place functional devices, such as batteries, electronic devices, which do not require access for a long period of time.
As shown in fig. 12a-b, the truss joint of the present invention further comprises a weighted node 10 ", preferably a spherical weighted node.
Part of the buoyancy adjustable points 10 (preferably part of the buoyancy adjustable points at the bottom of the net cage) are replaced by the weight gain nodes 10', and the weight gain nodes are thin-wall hollow shells which are larger than the truss rod pieces, and are filled with contents with specific gravity larger than water, such as concrete, so that the self weight is increased by overcoming the buoyancy, and the balance and the stability of the light semi-submersible type deep and far sea net cage with the whole modularized space truss structure are improved.
As shown in fig. 13-15, another simplified form of the net cage is that the lower bottom double-layer truss structure of the original net cage frame (shown in fig. 1-3) is simplified into a light double-layer truss structure which is the same as the upper-layer truss structure, and then the bottom net of the net cover is changed into a soft net cover from a hard one.
As shown in fig. 16-19, on the basis of the net cage shown in fig. 13-15, by further simplifying the bottom frame structure, only the outermost side structure of the bottom double-layer truss structure of the net cage is kept, six flexible stay cables and a central gravity spherical node are added, and a bottom net is fixed on the stay cables, so that the semi-submersible net cage with the conical flexible net bottom structure is formed. The advantage of the flexible net bottom of toper is that dead fish, unnecessary incomplete bait can concentrate downwards along with drawing the netting to one side because of gravity to outside the accessible toper end toper hole discharge net, reduced the degree of difficulty and the cycle of box with a net bottom clearance. The horizontal angle of the taper is 15-45 degrees. The concrete structure is as follows:
the light semi-submersible type deep and open sea net cage with the modular space truss structure comprises a net cage frame and a culture net;
the net cage frame is constructed and expanded in a modularized mode through truss nodes and truss rod pieces and comprises a semi-closed and lower-opened light cage-shaped space truss structure and a semi-submersible truss arranged on the light cage-shaped space truss structure;
the truss nodes comprise buoyancy adjustable points 10 and buoyancy non-adjustable mechanical nodes 11, and the truss rod pieces comprise buoyancy adjustable point connecting rods 12, mechanical node connecting rods 13 and interlayer node connecting rods 14;
the light cage-shaped space truss structure is a multi-layer truss in the inner and outer directions and comprises a buoyancy adjustable layer and a buoyancy non-adjustable layer, the innermost layer is the buoyancy non-adjustable layer, and the outer side of the innermost layer at least comprises one layer of the buoyancy adjustable layer; the buoyancy adjustable layer comprises the buoyancy adjustable points 10 and the buoyancy adjustable point connecting rods 12, and the buoyancy non-adjustable layer comprises the mechanical nodes 11 and the mechanical node connecting rods 13; the layers are connected through the interlayer node connecting rods 14 between the corresponding truss nodes;
the semi-submersible truss comprises the buoyancy adjustable layer;
the number of the buoyancy adjustable points 10 in the circumferential direction of the single ring, which are cut on the horizontal section of the vertical middle part of the light cage-shaped space truss structure, is less than the number of the buoyancy adjustable points 10 in the circumferential direction of the single ring, which correspond to the semi-submersible truss on the horizontal section;
the aquaculture net is a fully-closed aquaculture net, the part above the net bottom of the aquaculture net is fixed on the innermost layer of the layer with the non-adjustable buoyancy, and the net bottom is a conical flexible net bottom, so that a closed aquaculture water body space is formed.
As shown in fig. 20-26, on the basis of the net cages shown in fig. 16-19, the structure is further simplified, and the spherical buoyancy nodes of the prismatic vertical edges are miniaturized into common spherical nodes with smaller diameters, so that the semi-submersible net cage becomes lighter. The concrete structure is as follows:
the light semi-submersible type deep and open sea net cage with the modular space truss structure comprises a net cage frame and a culture net;
the net cage frame is constructed and expanded in a modularized mode through truss nodes and truss rod pieces and comprises a semi-closed and lower-opened light cage-shaped space truss structure and a semi-submersible truss arranged on the light cage-shaped space truss structure;
the truss nodes comprise buoyancy adjustable points 10 and buoyancy non-adjustable mechanical nodes 11, and the truss rod pieces comprise buoyancy adjustable point connecting rods 12, buoyancy adjustable point connecting rods 12', mechanical node connecting rods 13 and interlayer node connecting rods 14;
the light cage-shaped space truss structure is a multi-layer truss in the inner and outer directions and comprises a buoyancy adjustable layer and a buoyancy non-adjustable layer, the innermost layer is the buoyancy non-adjustable layer, and the outer side of the innermost layer at least comprises one layer of the buoyancy adjustable layer; the buoyancy adjustable layer comprises the buoyancy adjustable points 10 and the buoyancy adjustable point connecting rods 12, and the buoyancy non-adjustable layer comprises the mechanical nodes 11 and the mechanical node connecting rods 13; the layers are connected through the interlayer node connecting rods 14 between the corresponding truss nodes;
the semi-submersible truss comprises the buoyancy adjustable layer;
in each single upright post of the side truss of the light cage-shaped space truss structure, a buoyancy adjustable point 10 in the middle is replaced by a mechanical node 11, and the buoyancy adjustable point is sequentially connected with a connecting rod 12' between the mechanical nodes; the number of the mechanical nodes 11 in the circumferential direction of a single ring, which are cut on the horizontal section of the vertical middle part of the light cage-shaped space truss structure, is less than the number of the buoyancy adjustable points 10 in the circumferential direction of the corresponding single ring of the semi-submersible truss on the horizontal section;
the aquaculture net is a fully-closed aquaculture net, the part above the net bottom of the aquaculture net is fixed on the innermost layer of the layer with the non-adjustable buoyancy, and the net bottom is a conical flexible net bottom, so that a closed aquaculture water body space is formed.
The net cage frame fixes a single net cage or a plurality of net cages in a specified aquaculture sea area by a proper anchoring method, and proper supporting facilities are selected in a large scale according to the aquaculture mode to form the deep and open sea aquaculture net cage capable of being operated and used. The anchoring system employs a combination of concrete gravity anchors and mooring lines, as shown for example in figures 27-28. The supporting facilities of the net cage are provided with an air source, a pipeline, a valve, a filter, a power supply, a circuit, various sensors and a remote information sending and receiving control module, various working conditions of the net cage can be controlled remotely and on site, and various working links such as monitoring, feeding, monitoring, dosing, sampling and the like are completed.
In the invention, the sphere material can be made of the same carbon alloy steel material as the structural material.
When the structural member has a light-weight requirement, the node ball body can be made of the same or different aluminum alloy or titanium alloy material as the truss rod member.
When the structural member has light weight and is used in occasions considering electromagnetic environment requirements, the spherical node can be made of nonmetal materials which are the same as or different from the truss rod member, such as carbon materials, glass fibers, aramid fibers, fiber reinforced plastics and the like.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a light-duty semi-submerged formula deep and open sea box with a net of modularization space truss structure, includes box with a net frame, breed net, its characterized in that:
the net cage frame is constructed and expanded in a modularized way by truss nodes and truss rod pieces and comprises a totally-enclosed light cage-shaped space truss structure and a semi-submersible truss arranged on the light cage-shaped space truss structure;
the truss nodes comprise buoyancy adjustable points (10) and mechanical nodes (11) with nonadjustable buoyancy, and the truss rod pieces comprise buoyancy adjustable point connecting rods (12), mechanical node connecting rods (13) and interlayer node connecting rods (14);
the light cage-shaped space truss structure is a multi-layer truss in the inner and outer directions and comprises a buoyancy adjustable layer and a buoyancy non-adjustable layer, the innermost layer is the buoyancy non-adjustable layer, and the outer side of the innermost layer at least comprises one layer of the buoyancy adjustable layer; the buoyancy adjustable layer comprises the buoyancy adjustable points (10) and the buoyancy adjustable point connecting rods (12), and the buoyancy non-adjustable layer comprises the mechanical nodes (11) and the mechanical node connecting rods (13); the layers are connected through the interlayer node connecting rods (14) between the corresponding truss nodes;
the semi-submersible truss comprises the buoyancy adjustable layer;
the number of the buoyancy adjustable points (10) in the circumferential direction of the single ring, which are cut on the horizontal section of the vertical middle part of the light cage-shaped space truss structure, is less than that of the buoyancy adjustable points (10) in the circumferential direction of the single ring, which correspond to the semi-submersible truss on the horizontal section;
the aquaculture net is a totally-enclosed aquaculture net fixed on the innermost layer and with the layer with the non-adjustable buoyancy, so that a closed aquaculture water body space is formed.
2. The utility model provides a light-duty semi-submerged formula deep and open sea box with a net of modularization space truss structure, includes box with a net frame, breed net, its characterized in that:
the net cage frame is constructed and expanded in a modularized mode through truss nodes and truss rod pieces and comprises a semi-closed and lower-opened light cage-shaped space truss structure and a semi-submersible truss arranged on the light cage-shaped space truss structure;
the truss nodes comprise buoyancy adjustable points (10) and mechanical nodes (11) with nonadjustable buoyancy, and the truss rod pieces comprise buoyancy adjustable point connecting rods (12), mechanical node connecting rods (13) and interlayer node connecting rods (14);
the light cage-shaped space truss structure is a multi-layer truss in the inner and outer directions and comprises a buoyancy adjustable layer and a buoyancy non-adjustable layer, the innermost layer is the buoyancy non-adjustable layer, and the outer side of the innermost layer at least comprises one layer of the buoyancy adjustable layer; the buoyancy adjustable layer comprises the buoyancy adjustable points (10) and the buoyancy adjustable point connecting rods (12), and the buoyancy non-adjustable layer comprises the mechanical nodes (11) and the mechanical node connecting rods (13); the layers are connected through the interlayer node connecting rods (14) between the corresponding truss nodes;
the semi-submersible truss comprises the buoyancy adjustable layer;
the number of the buoyancy adjustable points (10) in the circumferential direction of the single ring, which are cut on the horizontal section of the vertical middle part of the light cage-shaped space truss structure, is less than that of the buoyancy adjustable points (10) in the circumferential direction of the single ring, which correspond to the semi-submersible truss on the horizontal section;
the aquaculture net is a fully-closed aquaculture net, the part above the net bottom of the aquaculture net is fixed on the innermost layer of the layer with the non-adjustable buoyancy, and the net bottom is a conical flexible net bottom, so that a closed aquaculture water body space is formed.
3. The utility model provides a light-duty semi-submerged formula deep and open sea box with a net of modularization space truss structure, includes box with a net frame, breed net, its characterized in that:
the net cage frame is constructed and expanded in a modularized mode through truss nodes and truss rod pieces and comprises a semi-closed and lower-opened light cage-shaped space truss structure and a semi-submersible truss arranged on the light cage-shaped space truss structure;
the truss nodes comprise buoyancy adjustable points (10) and mechanical nodes (11) with nonadjustable buoyancy, and the truss rod pieces comprise buoyancy adjustable point connecting rods (12), buoyancy adjustable point connecting rods (12 ') and mechanical node connecting rods (12'), mechanical node connecting rods (13) and interlayer node connecting rods (14);
the light cage-shaped space truss structure is a multi-layer truss in the inner and outer directions and comprises a buoyancy adjustable layer and a buoyancy non-adjustable layer, the innermost layer is the buoyancy non-adjustable layer, and the outer side of the innermost layer at least comprises one layer of the buoyancy adjustable layer; the buoyancy adjustable layer comprises the buoyancy adjustable points (10) and the buoyancy adjustable point connecting rods (12), and the buoyancy non-adjustable layer comprises the mechanical nodes (11) and the mechanical node connecting rods (13); the layers are connected through the interlayer node connecting rods (14) between the corresponding truss nodes;
the semi-submersible truss comprises the buoyancy adjustable layer;
in each single upright post of the side truss of the light cage-shaped space truss structure, a buoyancy adjustable point (10) in the middle is replaced by a mechanical node (11) and is sequentially connected with a connecting rod (12') between the mechanical nodes through the buoyancy adjustable point; the number of the mechanical nodes (11) in the circumferential direction of a single ring, which are cut on the horizontal section of the vertical middle part of the light cage-shaped space truss structure, is less than the number of the buoyancy adjustable points (10) in the circumferential direction of the corresponding single ring on the horizontal section of the semi-submersible truss;
the aquaculture net is a fully-closed aquaculture net, the part above the net bottom of the aquaculture net is fixed on the innermost layer of the layer with the non-adjustable buoyancy, and the net bottom is a conical flexible net bottom, so that a closed aquaculture water body space is formed.
4. A modular space truss structured light-duty semi-submersible deep open sea cage according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein:
the semi-submersible truss is a single-layer buoyancy adjustable layer.
5. A modular space truss structured light-duty semi-submersible deep open sea cage according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein:
the size of the buoyancy adjustable point (10) inside the inner periphery of the top surface truss of the light cage-shaped space truss structure is smaller than that of the buoyancy adjustable point (10) in the side surface truss;
and/or the size of the buoyancy adjustable point connecting rod (12) inside the inner periphery in the top surface truss of the light cage-shaped space truss structure is smaller than that of the buoyancy adjustable point connecting rod (12) in the side surface truss.
6. The modular space truss structured light-duty semi-submersible deep sea cage of claim 1, wherein:
the size of the buoyancy adjustable point (10) inside the inner periphery of the bottom surface truss of the light cage-shaped space truss structure is smaller than that of the buoyancy adjustable point (10) in the side surface truss;
and/or the size of the buoyancy adjustable point connecting rod (12) inside the inner periphery in the bottom surface truss of the light cage-shaped space truss structure is smaller than that of the buoyancy adjustable point connecting rod (12) in the side surface truss.
7. The modular space truss structured light-duty semi-submersible deep sea cage according to any one of claims 5 to 6, wherein:
at least part of buoyancy adjustable points (10) in the top surface truss and/or the bottom surface truss of the light cage-shaped space truss structure are not connected with all adjacent buoyancy adjustable points (10) through buoyancy adjustable point connecting rods (12).
8. A modular space truss structured light-duty semi-submersible deep open sea cage according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein:
the buoyancy adjustable point (10) is a thin-wall hollow shell which is larger than the truss rod piece and is used for generating buoyancy required by the operation of the light semi-submersible type deep and far sea net cage with the modular space truss structure and adjusting the floating and submerging, bearing capacity and underwater posture of the light semi-submersible type deep and far sea net cage with the modular space truss structure, and the underwater posture adjustment comprises switching between any two of a roughly vertical state, a roughly horizontal state and a rolling and turning state in a vertical plane.
9. The modular space truss structured light-duty semi-submersible deep sea cage of claim 8, wherein:
the buoyancy of the buoyancy adjustable point (10) is adjusted in such a manner that the mutual proportions of the air intake and exhaust amount and the air intake and exhaust amount in the casing are adjusted.
Preferably, the buoyancy adjustable point (10) comprises a shell (101), a central air pipe (102) is arranged in the shell (101), an elastic air bag (103) is arranged between the shell (101) and the central air pipe (102), an air inlet and outlet (104) is arranged on the central air pipe (102), at least one end of the central air pipe (102) is connected with an air source, an air inlet and outlet (105) is arranged on the shell (101) and outside the elastic air bag (103), and the air inlet and outlet (105) can be communicated with an external water body;
the expansion degree of the air bag is adjusted by adjusting the air intake and exhaust amount of the elastic air bag (103), so that the water intake and exhaust amount between the shell (101) and the elastic air bag (103) is adjusted, and further the node buoyancy is adjusted.
Preferably, the central air tube (102) acts as an internal reinforcing support structure for the housing (101).
Preferably, the central air pipe (102) is communicated with the hollow buoyancy adjustable point-to-point connecting rod (12).
Preferably, an air supply and exhaust line between an air source and the central air pipe (102) is arranged in the hollow buoyancy-adjustable point-to-point connecting rod (12).
Preferably, the truss node further comprises a storage node (10');
part of the buoyancy adjustable points (10) are replaced by the storage nodes (10') which are thin-wall hollow shells which are expanded compared with the truss rod pieces and are used for storing materials required by the light semi-submersible type deep and open sea net cage with the modular space truss structure in working, wherein the materials comprise gaseous materials, liquid materials or solid materials;
each such storage node (10 ') providing a source of gas for buoyancy adjustment of one or more of said circumferentially located buoyancy adjustable points (10) when said storage node (10') is storing gaseous material;
when the storage node (10') stores liquid materials, the storage node is used for storing oil materials or fresh water;
when the storage node (10') stores solid materials, the storage node is used for storing pellet feed or functional equipment including batteries and electronic equipment.
Preferably, the truss nodes further comprise weighted nodes (10 ");
part of the buoyancy adjustable points (10) are replaced by the weight increasing nodes (10') which are thin-wall hollow shells which are expanded compared with the truss rod pieces, and the contents with specific gravity larger than that of water are filled in the thin-wall hollow shells so as to overcome the buoyancy and increase the dead weight, thereby increasing the balance and stability of the light semi-submersible type deep and far sea net cage with the whole modularized space truss structure.
10. A modular space truss structured light-duty semi-submersible deep sea cage according to any one of claims 8 to 9, wherein:
the method for adjusting the posture comprises the following steps:
s1, determining the posture adjusting direction and the gravity balance middle and longitudinal surfaces of the whole modularized space truss structure light-duty semi-submersible deep and far sea net cage;
s2, reducing the buoyancy of the buoyancy adjustable point (10) in front of the posture adjusting direction of the vertical plane in the gravity balance, and increasing the buoyancy of the buoyancy adjustable point (10) in back of the posture adjusting direction of the vertical plane in the gravity balance;
s3, rolling the whole light semi-submersible deep and far sea net cage with the modular space truss structure to reach a middle temporary rebalancing state;
s4, repeating the steps S1-S3 until reaching the preset posture.
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| CN117356496A (en) * | 2023-10-12 | 2024-01-09 | 广东精铟海洋工程股份有限公司 | Modularized net rack capable of being installed rapidly and installation method thereof |
| CN117356496B (en) * | 2023-10-12 | 2024-06-21 | 广东精铟海洋工程股份有限公司 | Modularized net rack capable of being installed rapidly and installation method thereof |
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