CN111751915A - Compact infrared viewfinder optical system based on free-form surface prism - Google Patents
Compact infrared viewfinder optical system based on free-form surface prism Download PDFInfo
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- CN111751915A CN111751915A CN202010593410.7A CN202010593410A CN111751915A CN 111751915 A CN111751915 A CN 111751915A CN 202010593410 A CN202010593410 A CN 202010593410A CN 111751915 A CN111751915 A CN 111751915A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/04—Prisms
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B17/00—Systems with reflecting surfaces, with or without refracting elements
- G02B17/08—Catadioptric systems
- G02B17/0856—Catadioptric systems comprising a refractive element with a reflective surface, the reflection taking place inside the element, e.g. Mangin mirrors
- G02B17/086—Catadioptric systems comprising a refractive element with a reflective surface, the reflection taking place inside the element, e.g. Mangin mirrors wherein the system is made of a single block of optical material, e.g. solid catadioptric systems
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/10—Beam splitting or combining systems
- G02B27/1006—Beam splitting or combining systems for splitting or combining different wavelengths
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- G03B13/00—Viewfinders; Focusing aids for cameras; Means for focusing for cameras; Autofocus systems for cameras
- G03B13/02—Viewfinders
Abstract
The invention relates to a compact infrared viewfinder optical system based on a free-form surface prism, which comprises a free-form surface prism, a triangular prism, a narrow-band optical filter, a near infrared detector and a long-wave infrared detector, wherein the free-form surface prism comprises a high-order aspheric surface, a secondary reflection free-form surface, a primary reflection free-form surface and a light splitting plane which are sequentially connected, incident light is incident through the high-order aspheric surface and then sequentially reflected through the reflection free-form surface and the secondary reflection free-form surface to be split into near infrared light and long-wave infrared light when reaching the light splitting plane, the near infrared light reaches the near infrared detector after passing through the triangular prism and the narrow-band optical filter in sequence after being transmitted, and the long-wave infrared light is emitted from a diffraction surface and reaches the long-wave infrared. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages of good imaging quality, compact structure and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of optical systems and device design, in particular to a compact infrared viewfinder optical system based on a free-form surface prism.
Background
The dual-waveband imaging system can simultaneously obtain detection data in two wavebands aiming at the same target, effectively inhibits interference information of a complex background and improves the accuracy of target observation. A general dual-band imaging system is mainly constructed in three ways: the first is to use two independent single-waveband imaging systems; the second is that two detectors responding to different wave bands share one optical system; the third is to use a two-color infrared detector responding to two wave bands to share one optical system. The former method requires two independent imaging systems, while the latter two methods require broadband achromatic systems, typically using purely reflective structures. However, the conventional pure refractive, pure reflective or catadioptric dual-band optical system usually uses two channels or includes a spectroscope beam splitting design, requires a multi-piece lens to combine images to correct aberration, the assembly process and detection means of the lens are complicated, and the final system has a large volume and a rather complicated mechanical structure. The optical imaging system design structure based on the free-form surface prism can realize low cost, high performance and compact configuration, and the design configuration is used in an augmented reality visual system of a visible light wave band.
S.r.kiontke developed a free-form prism lens with a 24 ° field angle and a 22mm length in "Monolithic front element" (proc.spie 9575,95750G,2015), which was made of germanium and whose operating band was a long-wave infrared band, but the optical system adopted by the lens was a single-channel long-wave infrared system, and no substantial correction of system chromatic aberration was made, and the imaging quality was not ideal; four bifocal overhead display visualization system designs are mentioned in light weighted spatial-multiplexed dual focal-plane head-mounted display using two front viewing designs (COL 11(3),031201,2013) by chengdan et al, beijing university of physical engineering, but these designs do not involve two-band receptor imaging and the final imaging quality can only be used for visualization systems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a compact infrared viewfinder optical system based on a free-form surface prism, which has good imaging quality and compact structure.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a compact infrared viewfinder optical system based on a free-form surface prism comprises a free-form surface prism, a triangular prism, a narrow-band optical filter, a near infrared detector and a long-wave infrared detector, the free-form surface prism comprises a high-order aspheric surface, a second-time reflection free-form surface, a first-time reflection free-form surface and a light splitting plane which are connected in sequence, the triangular prism comprises an incident plane and an emergent spherical surface, the incident plane is closely attached to the light splitting plane, incident light is incident through the high-order aspheric surface and then is reflected through the reflecting free-form surface and the second reflecting free-form surface in sequence, and is split into near infrared light and long-wave infrared light when reaching the light splitting plane, the near-infrared light rays sequentially transmit the light splitting plane, the incident plane, the emergent spherical surface and the narrow-band filter and then reach the near-infrared detector, the long-wave infrared light is reflected on the light splitting plane, then is emitted out from the diffraction surface and reaches the long-wave infrared detector.
Further, the optical system has an F number of 1.2-2.0, an entrance pupil diameter of 15-50 mm, an included angle between the first-time reflection free-form surface and an optical axis of incident light of 18-25 degrees, an included angle between the second-time reflection free-form surface and the first-time reflection free-form surface of 35-50 degrees, and an included angle between the light splitting plane and the optical axis of the incident light of 35-50 degrees.
Furthermore, the high-order aspheric surface is overlapped with the entrance pupil, the high-order aspheric surface is not interfered with the adjacent edges of the second-time reflection free-form surface and the light splitting plane, and the adjacent edges of the first-time reflection free-form surface and the diffraction plane are not interfered with each other.
Furthermore, the light splitting plane is an inclined plane and meets the total reflection condition of long-wave infrared, and the light splitting plane is plated with a light splitting film and meets the transmission condition of medium-wave infrared.
Furthermore, the axial distance between the emergent spherical surface and the narrow band filter is 2-5 mm, the axial distance between the narrow band filter and the near infrared detector is 2-5 mm, the axial distance between the diffraction surface and the long-wave infrared detector is 3-7 mm, and the specific value is determined according to the sizes of the near infrared detector and the long-wave infrared detector.
Furthermore, the size of a single pixel of the near-infrared detector is 10 μm or 12 μm, the total pixel number is 1280 × 1024, the size is 12.8mm × 10.24mm, and the central working wavelength of the near-infrared is 1.064 μm.
Furthermore, the size of a single pixel of the long-wave infrared detector is 17 micrometers or 30 micrometers, the total pixel number is 640 multiplied by 480, the size is 10.88mm multiplied by 8.16mm, the range of a long-wave infrared response wave band is 8 micrometers-12 micrometers, and the central working wavelength of long-wave infrared is 10 micrometers.
Furthermore, the horizontal field angles and the vertical field angles of the near infrared detector are respectively 24 degrees and 18 degrees, the horizontal field angles and the vertical field angles of the long-wave infrared detector are respectively 19.2 degrees and 14.4 degrees, and the near infrared detector and the long-wave infrared detector are fully filled with imaging.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention only adopts the free-form surface prism and the triangular prism to transmit light, the triangular prism and the free-form surface prism are tightly attached to a light splitting plane, the front end of the optical system shares a high-order aspheric surface, a second-time reflection free-form surface and a first-time reflection free-form surface, the whole structure is compact and light, the integration level is high, the applicability is good, the manufacturing cost is low, meanwhile, the free-form surface can effectively reduce the aberration of an off-axis visual field, the chromatic aberration of long-wave infrared is corrected by adopting a diffraction surface, the designed imaging light path can approach to the diffraction limit, and each reflection surface is internal total reflection, the energy efficiency of the whole optical system is high, the resolution ratio;
(2) the invention enables the entrance pupil to be superposed with the high-order aspheric surface, so that the optical system has compact structure.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a two-band, two-field compact infrared viewfinder optical system based on a free-form surface prism;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the optical path in the near infrared channel of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of the optical path of the present invention in the long-wave infrared channel;
FIG. 4 is a dot-column diagram of the near infrared channel of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a plot of a long wave infrared channel of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph of the MTF of the present invention in the near infrared channel;
FIG. 7 is a graph of MTF curves in the mid-and long-wavelength infrared channels according to the present invention;
the reference numbers in the figures illustrate:
1. the optical fiber laser comprises a free-form surface prism, a 2-triangular prism, a 3-narrow band filter, a 4-near infrared detector, a 5-long wave infrared detector, a 101-high-order aspheric surface, a 102-first-reflection free-form surface, a 103-second-reflection free-form surface, a 104-light splitting plane, a 105-diffraction plane, a 201-incident plane and a 202-emergent spherical surface.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments. The present embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and a detailed implementation manner and a specific operation process are given, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
A compact infrared viewfinder optical system based on a free-form surface prism is disclosed, as shown in figure 1, and comprises a free-form surface prism 1, a triangular prism 2, a narrow band filter 3, a near infrared detector 4 and a long wave infrared detector 5, wherein the free-form surface prism 1 comprises a high-order aspheric surface 101, a second-order reflecting free-form surface 103, a first-order reflecting free-form surface 102 and a light splitting plane 104 which are sequentially connected, the light splitting plane 104 is an inclined plane and meets the total reflection condition of long wave infrared, a light splitting film is plated on the light splitting plane 104 and meets the transmission condition of medium wave infrared, the triangular prism 2 comprises an incident plane 201 and an emergent spherical surface 202, the incident plane 201 is closely attached to the light splitting plane 104, the high-order aspheric surface 101 is coincided with an incident pupil, the incident light is sequentially reflected by the reflecting free-form surface 102 and the second-order reflecting free-form surface 103 after passing through the incident pupil, and, the near infrared light sequentially transmits through the light splitting plane 104, the incident plane 201, the emergent spherical surface 202 and the narrow band filter 3 to reach the near infrared detector 4, and the long-wave infrared light is reflected on the light splitting plane 104, then is emergent from the diffraction surface 105 and reaches the long-wave infrared detector 5.
The smaller the F number of the optical system is, the larger the aperture of the entrance pupil is, the stronger the light collecting capacity is, the larger the effective entrance pupil is, the smaller the corresponding field of view is, and the size of the entrance pupil is selected according to the model and parameter calculation of the near infrared detector 4 and the long wave infrared detector 5 by compromising the field of view and the light collecting capacity.
The F number of the optical system is 1.5, the diameter of an entrance pupil is 20mm, the included angle between the first-time reflection free-form surface 102 and the optical axis of the first-time reflection free-form surface and the incident light is 18-25 degrees, the included angle between the second-time reflection free-form surface 103 and the first-time reflection free-form surface 102 is 35-50 degrees, and the included angle between the light splitting plane 15 and the optical axis of the incident light is 35-50 degrees.
The high-order aspheric surface 101 does not interfere with the adjacent edges of the second-order reflective free-form surface 103 and the splitting plane 104, and does not interfere with the adjacent edges of the first-order reflective free-form surface 102 and the diffraction plane 105.
The axial distance between the emergent spherical surface 202 and the narrow band filter 3 is 3mm, the axial distance between the narrow band filter 3 and the near infrared detector 4 is 3mm, the axial distance between the diffraction surface 105 and the long wave infrared detector 5 is 5mm, the size of a single pixel of the near infrared detector 4 is 10 micrometers, the total pixel number is 1280 multiplied by 1024, the size is 12.8mm multiplied by 10.24mm, the central working wavelength of the near infrared is 1.064 micrometers, the size of a single pixel of the long wave infrared detector 5 is 17 micrometers, the total pixel number is 640 multiplied by 480, the size is 10.88mm multiplied by 8.16mm, the range of the long wave infrared response waveband is 8 micrometers-12 micrometers, and the central working wavelength of the long wave infrared is 10 micrometers.
The horizontal and vertical field angles of the near infrared detector 4 are respectively 24 degrees and 18 degrees, the horizontal and vertical field angles of the long wave infrared detector 5 are respectively 19.2 degrees and 14.4 degrees, and the near infrared detector 4 and the long wave infrared detector 5 are fully imaged.
The parameters and the pitch of the respective optical surfaces of the compact infrared finder optical system based on the free-form surface prism are shown in tables 1 and 2:
TABLE 1 optical System parameters for near Infrared channels
TABLE 2 optical System parameters for Long wave Infrared channel
Because the refractive index of the transmission material changes with the wavelength, light rays with different wavelengths emitted by an object point cannot be converged at one point after passing through the optical system to form colored diffuse spots, the optical system adopts internal reflection, so that the chromatic aberration needs to be corrected through the diffraction surface 105 by the same single material, and the chromatic aberration of the system can be effectively eliminated by the independence and the negative property of the chromatic dispersion characteristic of the diffraction surface 105 and the material.
Fig. 2 is a light path diagram of the optical system in the near-infrared channel, which shows that near-infrared light is transmitted through an entrance pupil, reflected by the free-form reflective surface 102 and the free-form second-reflection surface 103, transmitted by the beam splitting plane 104, and transmitted by the narrow-band filter 3, and then finally imaged onto the near-infrared detector 4; fig. 3 is a diagram of an optical path of the optical system in a long-wave infrared channel, which shows that long-wave infrared light is transmitted through an entrance pupil, reflected by the reflective free-form surface 102 and the second-time reflective free-form surface 103, reflected by the beam splitting plane 104, and transmitted by the diffraction plane 105, and then finally imaged onto the long-wave infrared detector 5.
Fig. 4 is a point diagram of the optical system in the near-infrared channel, which shows the size distribution of the diffuse speckles on the image plane, fig. 5 is a point diagram of the optical system in the long-wave infrared channel, which shows the size distribution of the diffuse speckles on the image plane, the chromatic aberration is expressed as the size of the diffuse speckles, and the design result reaches the diffraction limit of the airy disk, so that the chromatic aberration of the system is corrected.
FIG. 6 is a MTF graph of the optical system in the near infrared channel, which is a full field transfer function graph, wherein the designed transfer function value is higher than 0.38 at 50lp/mm, which can meet the use requirement of the near infrared detector; FIG. 7 is a graph of MTF of a two-waveband, two-field compact infrared viewfinder optical system based on a free-form surface prism in a long-wave infrared channel, wherein the MTF graph is a full-field transfer function graph, the design of the system is close to a diffraction limit, the value of the designed transfer function is higher than 0.33 at 29lp/mm, and the use requirement of the long-wave infrared detector can be met.
The embodiment provides a compact infrared viewfinder optical system based on a free-form surface prism, which has double wave bands and double view fields, is suitable for large relative aperture and high resolution, is light and handy, has high integration level, can be directly manufactured by a single-point diamond turning process to form a lens or a pressing die, and has good applicability and low manufacturing cost.
The foregoing detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention has been presented. It should be understood that numerous modifications and variations could be devised by those skilled in the art in light of the present teachings without departing from the inventive concepts. Therefore, the technical solutions available to those skilled in the art through logic analysis, reasoning and limited experiments based on the prior art according to the concept of the present invention should be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A compact infrared viewfinder optical system based on a free-form surface prism is characterized by comprising a free-form surface prism (1), a triangular prism (2), a narrow band filter (3), a near infrared detector (4) and a long-wave infrared detector (5), wherein the free-form surface prism (1) comprises a high-order aspheric surface (101), a second-order reflection free-form surface (103), a first-order reflection free-form surface (102) and a light splitting plane (104) which are sequentially connected, the triangular prism (2) comprises an incident plane (201) and an emergent spherical surface (202), the incident plane (201) is closely attached to the light splitting plane (104), incident light is incident through the high-order aspheric surface (101) and then sequentially reflected through the reflection free-form surface (102) and the second-order reflection free-form surface (103), and is divided into near infrared light and long-wave infrared light when reaching the light splitting plane (104), the near-infrared light rays sequentially penetrate through the light splitting plane (104), the incident plane (201), the emergent spherical surface (202) and the narrow-band filter (3) and then reach the near-infrared detector (4), and the long-wave infrared light rays are reflected on the light splitting plane (104), then are emergent from the diffraction surface (105) and reach the long-wave infrared detector (5).
2. The compact infrared viewfinder optical system based on the free-form surface prism as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the F-number of the optical system is 1.2-2.0 and the entrance pupil diameter is 15 mm-50 mm.
3. The compact free-form prism-based infrared viewfinder optical system of claim 1, wherein the angle between the first-time reflective free-form surface (102) and the optical axis of the incident light is in the range of 18 ° to 25 °, the angle between the second-time reflective free-form surface (103) and the first-time reflective free-form surface (102) is in the range of 35 ° to 50 °, and the angle between the beam splitting plane (15) and the optical axis of the incident light is in the range of 35 ° to 50 °.
4. The compact freeform prism-based infrared viewfinder optical system of claim 1 where the high order aspheric surface (101) coincides with the entrance pupil.
5. The compact infrared viewfinder optical system based on the free-form surface prism as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the high-order aspheric surface (101) and the adjacent edges of the second-order reflecting free-form surface (103) and the light splitting plane (104) do not interfere with each other, and the adjacent edges of the first-order reflecting free-form surface (102) and the diffraction plane (105) do not interfere with each other.
6. The compact free-form prism-based infrared viewfinder optical system of claim 1, wherein the beam splitting plane (104) is coated with a beam splitting film.
7. The compact infrared viewfinder optical system based on the free-form surface prism as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the axial distance between the exit sphere (202) and the narrow band filter (3) is 2 mm-5 mm, the axial distance between the narrow band filter (3) and the near infrared detector (4) is 2 mm-5 mm, and the axial distance between the diffraction surface (105) and the long wave infrared detector (5) is 3 mm-7 mm.
8. The compact free-form prism-based infrared viewfinder optical system of claim 1 where the near infrared detector (4) has a single pixel size of 10 or 12 μm, a total number of pixels of 1280 x 1024, dimensions of 12.8mm x 10.24mm, and a central operating wavelength of near infrared of 1.064 μm.
9. The compact free-form prism-based infrared viewfinder optical system of claim 1 wherein the long-wave infrared detector (5) has individual pixel size of 17 μm or 30 μm, total pixel number of 640 x 480, size of 10.88mm x 8.16mm, long-wave infrared response band range of 8 μm-12 μm, and central operating wavelength of the long-wave infrared of 10 μm.
10. The compact free-form prism-based infrared viewfinder optical system of claim 1 wherein the near infrared detector (4) has horizontal and vertical field angles of 24 ° and 18 °, respectively, and the long wavelength infrared detector (5) has horizontal and vertical field angles of 19.2 ° and 14.4 °, respectively.
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| CN112415731A (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2021-02-26 | 南京信息工程大学 | Free-form surface prism optical system with large relative aperture and diffraction surface |
| CN113504643A (en) * | 2021-06-23 | 2021-10-15 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Underwater low-light-level color imaging design method based on prism light splitting |
| CN115166957A (en) * | 2022-06-17 | 2022-10-11 | 苏州大学 | Dual-band spectral imaging method |
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