A kind of infrared mosaic imaging device
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of infrared mosaic imaging device, is common aperture many focuses Optical IR Equipment, belongs to field stitching type infrared mosaic technical field of imaging, is widely used in the field stitching imaging of high resolving power, big visual field.
Background technology
The maximum characteristics of field stitching type infrared mosaic imaging device are that its visual field generally greater than the normal optical electric system, possesses higher resolution simultaneously.In the modern optical electric imaging system, the visual field of system and resolution are the important performance indexes of system.The visual field enlarges the observation scope that can increase system, and resolution improves the image quality that can improve system.In the infrared mosaic imaging system, optical system focal length and detector target surface size have determined the visual field of system, and the focal length of optical system and pixel size have then determined the resolution of system.Infrared eye is subjected to the restriction of multiple factors such as manufacture craft, activity coefficient, sensitivity, yield rate, cost, and its target surface size, pixel size also are restricted with quantity.Under the certain situation of detector target surface, for overall objectives such as the operating distance that improves imaging system and resolution, need to adopt long-focal distance optical system, but will reduce the system visual field inevitably, therefore under infrared eye target surface size and the big or small certain situation of pixel, there are the relation of mutual restriction in infrared system visual field and resolution.
In order to solve this contradiction, development high-resolution large-viewing-field electro-optical system, make the infrared mosaic imaging system when having high-resolution and operating distance far away, also have bigger field range, following two kinds of approach are roughly arranged: the one, adopt high resolving power, big face battle array infrared focal plane array seeker; Two are based on existing little area array infrared detector, but adopt modes such as detector splicing, sensor splicing, simple detector optical mechaical scanning or the beam split of multidetector light beam, and a plurality of small field of view when making length burnt are spliced into a big visual field, to enlarge the hunting zone.
There is following major defect respectively in the technical approach that existing high-resolution large-viewing-field system realizes:
1, the performance that too relies on the detector device improves, and when the detector device performance was restricted, the visual field of system and the contradictory relation of resolution just highlighted, as the little area array infrared detector of employing 320 * 256, just limited the field range of system;
2, mechanism's complexity has strengthened volume, weight, cost.A plurality of sensor direct splicing will certainly increase the volume and the weight of system, and adopt a plurality of optical lens, also can increase the manufacturing cost of system;
3, in beam split and joining image-forming process energy attenuation appears.A plurality of sensor connecting methods and a plurality of spectroscope imaging mode all can cause energy attenuation, and the former produces vignetting owing to the lens barrel between each camera lens blocks, and the latter then because be the divided beams beam split, can reduce the energy of single optical channel when received energy.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to, overcome the shortcoming of prior art, provide a kind of altogether aperture multifocal infrared mosaic imaging device, take visual field beam split and multi-focal point mosaic imaging, thereby be implemented under the prerequisite that does not reduce resolution at least one times of the visual field expansion of infrared mosaic imaging system; Can utilize existing infrared eye resource fully, bring into play its potentiality; In the field stitching process, there is not energy loss; Reduced system's vignetting; The device compact appearance, inner exquisite, applicability is stronger.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of infrared mosaic imaging device, and it comprises the preceding group of concentric objective system of fixedlying connected with connector respectively, pyramid mirror system and back group image transferring lens system; The concentric objective system of group comprises that one group is used for the chief ray that each visual field of object space enters do not had to turn back to open by the concentric object lens centre of sphere being imaged on the concentric object lens that are shaped as on the sphere image planes before described, these concentric object lens are the concentric object lens of sphere that are imaged on the concave spherical surface, promptly have the same center of curvature, the object lens focus control also is installed; Described pyramid mirror system comprises the pyramid catoptron and the microscope base of pyramid catoptron is installed, is used for adjusting the pyramid mirror system adjusting gear of the deviation value between mechanical axis and the optical axis in addition; Described back is organized the image transferring lens system and is comprised several refracting elements and the diffraction element of the aberration that is used for corrective system with the heat difference, in addition back group image transferring lens system adjusting gear.
Described concentric object lens are made up of four lens; The radius-of-curvature of the recessed image planes of object lens numerically is exactly system's focal length with one heart, and the surface curvature center of this concave spherical surface is exactly entrance pupil and emergent pupil, just the center of aperture diaphragm.
The chief ray of described concentric object lens passes through along optical axis, and light beam has identical image quality with the axle outer light beam on the axle.
Described pyramid catoptron has rectangular pyramid at least, so that make the energy of object lens outgoing be divided into multichannel, project a plurality of backs respectively and organize in the image transferring lens system, become multiple image through a plurality of detectors again, through behind the image mosaic, can become a complete big view field image.
Described pyramid catoptron is a rectangular pyramid.
Described pyramid catoptron summit is positioned at Polaroid position of concentric object lens.
Described pyramid mirror system adjusting gear has three: the one, before being used to adjust the optical axis of the concentric objective system of group axially before and after the concentric object lens micromatic setting of displacement, the 2nd, before being used to adjust the concentric objective lens system optical axis of group parallel, be installed in catoptron first micromatic setting that microscope base directly makes progress; The 3rd, be used to adjust pyramid mirror reflection surface normal direction and back catoptron second micromatic setting that is installed in pyramid catoptron back of organizing the angle between the optical axis.
Described refracting element is at least 1; Described diffraction element is the optical lens with one or two diffraction surfaces, and it is poor with heat to be used for the corrective system aberration, or improves the system imaging quality, or reduces system element quantity.
Image transferring lens system adjusting gear is organized in described back two: the one, be used to adjust the back group of adjustment ring that the optical interval between lens and the primary optical axis is organized in the back; The 2nd, be used to adjust back group optical axis and corresponding pyramid mirror reflection surface normal coplane and keep back group of lens of correct angular relationship and the flange screw on the Connection Block joint flange;
The material of described concentric object lens is the infra-red material of low-refraction, is selected from fluoride, or infrared glass.
The present invention mainly has outstanding substantive distinguishing features and obvious improvement, and its advantage is:
1, can be under the prerequisite that does not reduce resolution the visual field of infrared mosaic imaging system be enlarged at least one times, improved the usability of system.By multiple means such as concentric object lens, secondary imaging, multichannel beam split, segmentation thermal design, the integrated accurate designs of ray machine, solved the gordian technique of field stitching formula high-resolution large-viewing-field infrared optical system, realize the high-quality combination imaging of large visual field optical system and multidetector, the visual field enlarges.
2, can utilize existing infrared eye resource fully, bring into play its potentiality.Be total to aperture many focuses infrared optical system, concentric object lens are total to the aperture imaging technology to combine with multichannel spectroscopic imaging technology, utilize a plurality of little area array infrared detectors to carry out joining image-forming, guaranteeing to enlarge one times of visual field on the constant basis of systemic resolution, realized being equivalent to the imaging effect of big planar array detector.And this technology can promote the use of on the large area array infrared detector equally, to obtain bigger visual field.
3, in the field stitching process, there is not energy loss.Compare with other field stitching type infrared system, the present invention utilizes concentric object lens and pyramid catoptron to realize the visual field beam split, thereby has avoided the energy loss in field stitching.System adopts the secondary imaging mode, has realized 100% cold stop effect, to greatest extent reduced system and gradually measured.
4, system's compact appearance, inner exquisite, applicability is stronger.Compare with other field stitching type infrared system, the present invention is total to the aperture imaging mode by preceding group, has effectively reduced system's front appearance size, and the integrated overall design of system has then realized the accurate registration of each visual field passage and detector.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1, be the structural drawing of infrared mosaic imaging device of the present invention;
Fig. 2, be the concentric object lens sketch of infrared mosaic imaging device of the present invention;
Fig. 3, be the principle schematic of infrared mosaic imaging device of the present invention.
Among Fig. 1: 1-preceding group concentric objective system, 1.1-with one heart object lens, 1.2-object lens focus control; 2-pyramid mirror system, 2.1-pyramid catoptron, 2.2-microscope base, 2.3-pyramid mirror system adjusting gear, 2.31-with one heart object lens micromatic settings, 2.32-catoptron, first micromatic setting; 2.33-catoptron second micromatic setting; 3-back group image transferring lens system, 3.1-refracting element, 3.2-diffraction element, 3.3-back group image transferring lens system adjusting gear; The 4-connector; The 5-micromachine.
Embodiment
It is as follows that the invention will be further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments:
Embodiment 1:
As shown in Figure 1, 2, 3, a kind of infrared mosaic imaging device, a connector 4 is arranged, fixedly connected with connector 4 respectively have before the group concentric objective system 1, pyramid mirror system 2 and back group image transferring lens system 3, wherein: preceding group of concentric objective system 1 and pyramid mirror system 2 are upwards fixedlyed connected in two end axles with connector 4 respectively, and back group image transferring lens system 3 to be radially being fixed on connector 4 outer peripheral faces, and near an end of pyramid mirror system 2; The concentric objective system 1 of group has one group to be used for the chief ray that each visual field of object space enters do not had and to turn back by the concentric object lens centre of sphere and be imaged on the concentric object lens 1.1 that are shaped as on the sphere image planes before described, these concentric object lens 1.1 are for being imaged on the concentric object lens of sphere on the concave spherical surface, promptly has the same center of curvature, object lens focus control 1.2 also is installed, the radius-of-curvature of the recessed image planes of object lens numerically is exactly system's focal length with one heart, micromachine 5 is members that focalize, also can manual operation; Described pyramid mirror system 2 has pyramid catoptron 2.1 and the microscope base 2.2 of pyramid catoptron is installed, and is used for adjusting the pyramid mirror system adjusting gear 2.3 of the deviation value between mechanical axis and the optical axis in addition; Described back is organized image transferring lens system 3 and is comprised several refracting elements 3.1 and be used for the aberration of corrective system and the diffraction element 3.2 of heat difference, group image transferring lens system adjusting gear 3.3 after also having.Described concentric object lens 1.1 are made up of four lens, form concentric system, realize the big view field imaging of system; The radius-of-curvature of the recessed image planes of object lens 1.1 numerically is exactly system's focal length with one heart, and the surface curvature center of this concave spherical surface is exactly entrance pupil and emergent pupil, just the center of aperture diaphragm.The chief ray of described concentric object lens 1.1 passes through along optical axis, and light beam has identical image quality with the axle outer light beam on the axle.Chief ray does not have refraction ground to be passed through, and has the character that chief ray passes through along optical axis.Light beam also is identical with diagonal beam on the axle.Therefore aberration correction is summed up as spherical aberration correction.Coma, astigmatism and distortion are not having in the object lens with one heart, and the curvature of field is very big, and this also is the characteristics of concentric object lens.The principle schematic of object lens 1.1 as shown in Figure 2 with one heart.Described pyramid catoptron 2.1 has rectangular pyramid at least, present embodiment is a rectangular pyramid, so that make the energy of object lens outgoing be divided into multichannel, projecting a plurality of backs respectively organizes in the image transferring lens system 3, become multiple image through a plurality of detectors again, through behind the image mosaic, can become a complete big view field image.Described pyramid catoptron 2.1 summits are positioned at 1.1 Polaroid positions of concentric object lens.Described pyramid mirror system adjusting gear 2.3 has three: the one, before being used to adjust the optical axis of the concentric objective system 1 of group axially before and after the concentric object lens micromatic setting 2.31, two of displacement, before being used to adjust concentric objective system 1 optical axis of group parallel, be installed in catoptron first micromatic setting 2.32 that microscope base 2.2 footpaths make progress; The 3rd, be used to adjust pyramid catoptron 2.1 reflecting surface normal direction and the back catoptron that is installed in pyramid catoptron 2.1 back second micromatic setting 2.33 of organizing the angle between the optical axis.Described refracting element 3.1 is at least 3, and present embodiment is 3; Described diffraction element 3.2 is the optical lenses with one or two diffraction surfaces, and present embodiment is 2 diffraction surfaces, and it is poor with heat to be used for the corrective system aberration, or improves the system imaging quality, or reduces system element quantity.Image transferring lens system adjusting gear 3.3 is organized in described back two: the one, be used to adjust the back group of adjustment ring 3.31 that the optical interval between lens and the primary optical axis is organized in the back; The 2nd, be used to adjust back group optical axis and corresponding pyramid mirror reflection surface normal coplane and keep back group of lens of correct angular relationship and the flange screw 3.32 on the Connection Block joint flange.The effect of group lens is the residual aberration of preceding group of concentric object lens is proofreaied and correct after the system, forms high-resolution imaging; With preceding group form the secondary imaging system jointly, realize 100% cold stop effect, satisfy refrigeration mode detector demand.Introduce diffraction element, aberration, heat difference have been carried out the high-level efficiency compensation, realized the unwise characteristic of system's heat.The material of described concentric object lens 1.1 is the infra-red material of low-refraction, is selected from fluoride or infrared glass, and present embodiment is a fluoride.
Embodiment 2:
As different from Example 1: object lens 1.1 are made up of 5 lens with one heart; Pyramid catoptron 2.1 is the hexagonal pyramid catoptron; Diffraction element 3.2 is 1 diffraction surfaces; Refracting element 3.1 is 1 or more; The material of object lens 1.1 is an infrared glass with one heart.
Embodiment 3:
As different from Example 1: with one heart object lens 1.1 by 6 or more poly-lens form; Pyramid catoptron 2.1 is eight pyramid catoptrons; Refracting element 3.1 is 5; The material of object lens 1.1 is an infrared glass with one heart.