CN111751258B - Sample placement device for observing pore deformation and experimental method - Google Patents
Sample placement device for observing pore deformation and experimental method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111751258B CN111751258B CN201910239925.4A CN201910239925A CN111751258B CN 111751258 B CN111751258 B CN 111751258B CN 201910239925 A CN201910239925 A CN 201910239925A CN 111751258 B CN111751258 B CN 111751258B
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- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N argon Substances [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- -1 argon ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013170 computed tomography imaging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000011218 segmentation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002734 clay mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/088—Investigating volume, surface area, size or distribution of pores; Porosimetry
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/06—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/0641—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means using optical, X-ray, ultraviolet, infrared or similar detectors
- G01N2203/0647—Image analysis
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0682—Spatial dimension, e.g. length, area, angle
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
Abstract
The sample placing device comprises a bracket, a sample placing table and a pressurizing cylinder, wherein the sample placing table is connected to one end of the bracket in a sliding way and is used for placing a sample; the invention relates to an experimental method for observing pore deformation, which comprises the following steps of 1, cutting and preparing a sample to be observed, and polishing a surface to be observed; step 2, placing the sample to be observed on a sample placing table, enabling the surface to be observed to face upwards, and adjusting the positions of the sample placing table and the pressurizing cylinder; and step 3, applying pressure to the side surface of the sample to be observed and stabilizing the side surface, observing the deformation characteristics of the pores, and further obtaining the surface porosity of the sample.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of oil and gas exploration, and particularly relates to a sample placement device for observing pore deformation and an experimental method.
Background
Shale cores have millimeter to nanoscale pores, the types of pores mainly including organic matter pores, inter-particulate mineral pores, inter-clay mineral sheet pores, and lamellar/striated lamellar seams. The different pore types have different contributions to the occurrence characteristics and migration capacity of the fluid in the reservoir space, the pore types are described in the laboratory at the present stage mainly by adopting a static characterization method, such as a liquid nitrogen adsorption or mercury injection method to describe pore distribution, a scanning electron microscope to describe the pore types, and the like, and the methods can only describe the characteristics of the rock under the normal pressure of the earth surface after the rock is depressurized.
In the stress unloading or dewatering process, more secondary micropores/cracks are often formed, so how to describe the deformation characteristics of pores under the formation stress condition is very critical to know the spatial characteristics of the reservoir under the in-situ reservoir condition, especially for different rock skeleton types, the compressive strength difference is obvious, and the deformation difference of various pore types under the specific skeleton supporting condition needs to be analyzed urgently, and the relationship between the pore deformation characteristics and the stress is quantitatively described. In the prior art, the pore deformation of soil and coal is respectively researched by utilizing scanning electron microscope observation in the loading process, and the pore structure in the deformed sample is researched by utilizing three-dimensional micro CT imaging. Devices for monitoring the evolution of the deformation of the concrete pores under continuous tensile/compressive stress have been disclosed (application number CN 201610263401.5), which require prefabricated through holes for the concrete and the use of jacks for pressurization, and are therefore only suitable for large samples. When the scanning electron microscope and the three-dimensional micro CT imaging are used for observation, the requirements on the placement position, the observation area and the like of the sample are relatively high, and the use of a large sample is very inconvenient.
Therefore, there is a need to develop a sample placement device suitable for observing the pressure loading and pore deformation of shale small samples.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a sample placement device for observing pore deformation, which is suitable for pressure loading and pore deformation observation of small shale samples.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides a sample placing device for observing pore deformation, which comprises a bracket, a sample placing table and a pressurizing cylinder, wherein the sample placing table is connected to one end of the bracket in a sliding manner and is used for placing a sample, the pressurizing cylinder comprises a cylinder body, a piston assembly and a pressure head, one end of the cylinder body is connected to the other end of the bracket in a sliding manner, the piston assembly penetrates through the cylinder body and is connected with the pressure head, and the pressure head is used for pressurizing the sample.
Preferably, the piston assembly comprises a piston and a piston rod, the piston rod is driven by a driving device to move in the cylinder, and two ends of the piston rod are respectively connected with the pressure head and the piston.
Preferably, the driving device is a hydraulic pump, a liquid inlet is formed in the side wall of the cylinder body, a liquid inlet valve is arranged at the liquid inlet, and the hydraulic pump is connected to the liquid inlet through the liquid inlet valve.
Preferably, the device further comprises a support frame, wherein the bottom of the support frame is connected to the bracket and used for supporting the cylinder from below.
Preferably, the support frame comprises a support head, an inner cylinder and an outer cylinder which are sequentially sleeved from inside to outside, and the outer cylinder is connected with the inner cylinder and the inner cylinder is connected with the support head through threads.
Preferably, the support comprises a base, a first baffle and a second baffle, wherein the first baffle and the second baffle are respectively connected to two ends of the base, the sample placing table is slidably connected to the first baffle, and the cylinder is slidably connected to the second baffle.
Preferably, the first baffle and the second baffle are both provided with sliding grooves extending along the vertical direction, and the sample placing table and the cylinder are respectively and slidably connected with the first baffle and the second baffle through the sliding grooves.
Preferably, the sample placing table is arranged along the horizontal direction, one end of the sample placing table penetrates through the sliding groove of the first baffle and is connected with the first baffle through the detachable connecting piece, and the other end of the sample placing table is used for placing samples.
The invention also provides an experimental method for observing the deformation of the pores, which comprises the following steps of: step 1, cutting to prepare a sample to be observed, and polishing a surface to be observed;
step 2, placing the sample to be observed on the sample placing table, enabling the surface to be observed to face upwards, and adjusting the positions of the sample placing table and the pressurizing cylinder;
and step 3, applying pressure to the side surface of the sample to be observed, stabilizing, and observing the deformation characteristics of the pores.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps: acquiring an image of a surface to be observed of the sample through a scanning electron microscope, and segmenting and extracting the image to acquire the surface porosity of the sample; the magnitude of the applied pressure is varied to acquire the images at different pressures, thereby acquiring the face porosity of the sample at different pressures.
The invention relates to a sample placement device for observing pore deformation and an experimental method, which have the beneficial effects that: the sample placing table can accommodate shale samples, and the pressurizing cylinder is used for applying pressure to the shale samples; the height of placing sample platform and support can be adjusted according to the demand, can place the sample of difference in height, makes things convenient for the observation of sample pore deformation simultaneously.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the detailed description which follows.
Drawings
The foregoing and other objects, features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following more particular descriptions of exemplary embodiments of the invention as illustrated in the accompanying drawings wherein like reference numbers generally represent like parts throughout the exemplary embodiments of the invention.
FIG. 1 shows a schematic structural view of a sample placement device for pore deformation observation according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows a schematic structural view of a first baffle in a sample placement device for pore deformation observation according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 shows a schematic structural view of a second baffle in a sample placement device for pore deformation observation according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 shows a schematic structural view of a sample stage in a sample placement device for pore deformation observation according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 shows a schematic structural view of a support head in a sample placement device for pore deformation observation according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
reference numerals illustrate:
1 support, 2 sample placing table, 3 pressurizing cylinder, 4 cylinder, 5 piston assembly, 6 pressure head, 7 liquid inlet, 8 support frame, 9 outer cylinder, 10 inner cylinder, 11 support head, 12 base, 13 first baffle, 14 second baffle.
Detailed Description
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below. While the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below, it should be understood that the present invention may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a sample placing device for observing pore deformation, which comprises a bracket, a sample placing table and a pressurizing cylinder, wherein the sample placing table is slidably connected to one end of the bracket and used for placing a sample, the pressurizing cylinder comprises a cylinder body, a piston assembly and a pressure head, one end of the cylinder body is slidably connected to the other end of the bracket, the piston assembly penetrates through the cylinder body and is connected with the pressure head, and the pressure head is used for pressurizing the sample.
The sample placing table can accommodate shale samples, and the pressurizing cylinder is used for applying pressure to the shale samples; the height of placing sample platform and support can be adjusted according to the demand, can place the sample of difference in height, and application range is big, more makes things convenient for the observation of sample pore deformation simultaneously.
Preferably, the piston assembly is in sliding connection with the cylinder, one end of the piston assembly penetrating through the cylinder is provided with external threads, and the piston assembly is in threaded connection with the pressure head, so that the pressure head is convenient to detach and maintain.
Preferably, the piston assembly comprises a piston and a piston rod, the piston rod is driven by the driving device to move in the cylinder, and two ends of the piston rod are respectively connected with the pressure head and the piston.
Preferably, the contact part of the piston and the cylinder is provided with a seal, so that the liquid is prevented from entering the side, connected with the piston rod, of the piston when the liquid is injected, and the liquid pressure is prevented from being influenced.
Preferably, the piston is sealed with the cylinder by an O-ring.
Preferably, the driving device is a hydraulic pump, a liquid inlet is arranged on the side wall of the cylinder body, a liquid inlet valve is arranged at the liquid inlet, and the hydraulic pump is connected to the liquid inlet through the liquid inlet valve.
Preferably, the liquid inlet valve is a one-way valve.
Preferably, the device further comprises a support frame, wherein the bottom of the support frame is connected with the support frame and used for supporting the cylinder from below so as to keep the pressurizing cylinder horizontal.
Preferably, the support frame includes from interior to outside support head, inner tube and the urceolus that overlaps in proper order and establish, all passes through threaded connection between urceolus and the inner tube and between inner tube and the support head, the whole height of support frame of being convenient for to adapt to the regulation of pressurization section of thick bamboo height.
Preferably, the cylinder body of the pressurizing cylinder is a cylindrical cylinder.
Preferably, the top of supporting head is the arc recess, and arc recess department is laminated with the barrel of pressurization section of thick bamboo, makes the support more stable.
Preferably, the support comprises a base, a first baffle and a second baffle, wherein the first baffle and the second baffle are respectively and fixedly connected to two ends of the base, the sample placing table is slidably connected to the first baffle, the cylinder is slidably connected to the second baffle, and the supporting head is fixedly connected with the base.
Preferably, the first baffle and the second baffle are both stainless steel.
Preferably, the first baffle and the second baffle are respectively provided with a chute extending along the vertical direction, and the sample placing table and the cylinder are respectively and slidably connected with the first baffle and the second baffle through the chute.
Preferably, the sample placing table is arranged along the horizontal direction, one end of the sample placing table penetrates through the sliding groove of the first baffle and is connected to the first baffle through the detachable connecting piece, and the other end of the sample placing table is used for placing samples.
Preferably, the other end of the sample placing table extends out of the thin plate towards the direction of the pressure head, the sample is placed on the thin plate, and the extending length of the thin plate is smaller than that of the sample in the same direction, so that the thin plate is prevented from being touched when the pressure head applies pressure.
Preferably, one end of the sample placing table is provided with external threads, and after the end of the sample placing table penetrates through the first baffle, the external threads are screwed and fixed on the first baffle through the detachable connecting piece.
Preferably, the detachable connection piece is a first nut, and the sample placing table can slide up and down when the first nut is unscrewed.
Preferably, one end of the cylinder body of the pressurizing cylinder is provided with a cylindrical head, the outer diameter of the cylindrical head is equal to the width of the sliding groove on the second baffle, the cylindrical head is provided with external threads, the cylindrical head penetrates through the sliding groove on the second baffle and is screwed by the second nut, and when the second nut is unscrewed, the pressurizing cylinder can slide up and down.
The invention also provides an experimental method for observing the deformation of the pores, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, cutting to prepare a sample to be observed, and polishing a surface to be observed;
step 2, placing the sample to be observed on a sample placing table, enabling the surface to be observed to face upwards, and adjusting the positions of the sample placing table and the pressurizing cylinder;
and step 3, after applying pressure to the side surface of the sample to be observed and stabilizing for 30-60min, observing the deformation characteristics of the pores, and further obtaining the surface porosity of the sample.
The side surface is the surface adjacent to the surface to be observed. After pressurization, the sample is clamped between the sample and the pressure head, and the pores deform under the action of pressure.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps: obtaining an image of a surface to be observed of a sample through a scanning electron microscope, and dividing and extracting the image to obtain the surface aperture rate of the sample; the magnitude of the applied pressure is varied to obtain images at different pressures, and thus the face porosity of the sample at different pressures.
Preferably, the preparing of the sample to be observed by cutting in step 1 comprises: cutting the rock core, cutting two parallel surfaces along the layer surface direction, and mechanically polishing and leveling; and cutting the vertical parallel surface to form a pore deformed surface to be observed, mechanically polishing the surface to be observed, and further polishing the surface to be observed by adopting argon ions.
When a scanning electron microscope is adopted to observe the deformation characteristics of the aperture, the scanning electron microscope adopts high-resolution large-area imaging to carry out back scattering mode imaging on the aperture in the plane direction, and a back scattering image under the pressure is obtained; and carrying out binarization segmentation extraction on the pores according to the gray value, obtaining a specific region, analyzing the region, and calculating the ratio of the pore size of the region to the actual area to finally obtain the surface porosity.
And obtaining back scattering images under different pressures by applying different pressures, and further analyzing the surface porosity under different pressures, so as to study and analyze the deformation characteristics of different pore types under different rock framework supports.
The sample placement device for observing the pore deformation can apply pressure to shale samples with layer seams and clay inter-plate seams, can conduct height adjustment according to the size of the samples and the height of a scanning area of a scanning electron microscope, is convenient for the samples to observe the pore deformation under the scanning electron microscope, has good applicability, and is helpful for researching pore deformation characteristics of the layer seams, the clay inter-plate seams and the like under in-situ conditions.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, the present invention provides a sample placement device for pore deformation observation, comprising: the sample placing device comprises a support 1, a sample placing table 2 and a pressurizing cylinder 3, wherein the sample placing table 2 is connected to one end of the support 1 in a sliding mode and used for placing samples, the pressurizing cylinder 3 comprises a cylinder body 4, a piston assembly 5 and a pressure head 6, one end of the cylinder body 4 is connected to the other end of the support 1 in a sliding mode, the piston assembly 5 penetrates through the cylinder body 4 and is connected with the pressure head 6, and the pressure head 6 is used for pressurizing the samples.
In this embodiment, the piston assembly 5 is slidably connected to the cylinder 4, and an external thread is disposed at one end of the piston assembly 5 penetrating through the cylinder 4 and is connected to the pressure head 6 through a thread, so that the pressure head 6 is convenient to disassemble and maintain.
In this embodiment, the piston assembly 5 comprises a piston and a piston rod, the piston rod is driven by the driving device to move in the cylinder 4, and two ends of the piston rod are respectively connected to the pressure head 6 and the piston.
In this embodiment, a seal is provided where the piston contacts the cylinder 4.
In this embodiment, the piston is sealed with the cylinder 4 by an O-ring.
In this embodiment, the driving device is a hydraulic pump, a liquid inlet 7 is provided on the side wall of the cylinder 4, a liquid inlet valve is provided at the liquid inlet 7, and the hydraulic pump is connected to the liquid inlet 7 through the liquid inlet valve.
In this embodiment, the liquid inlet valve is a one-way valve.
In this embodiment, the device further comprises a supporting frame 8, and the bottom of the supporting frame 8 is connected to the bracket 1 and is used for supporting the cylinder 4 from below so as to keep the pressurizing cylinder 3 horizontal.
In this embodiment, the supporting frame 8 includes a supporting head 11, an inner cylinder 10 and an outer cylinder 9, which are sequentially sleeved from inside to outside, and the outer cylinder 9 is connected with the inner cylinder 10 and the inner cylinder 10 is connected with the supporting head 11 through threads.
In the present embodiment, the cylinder body 4 of the pressurizing cylinder 3 is a cylindrical cylinder.
In this embodiment, the top of the supporting head 11 is an arc groove, and the arc groove is attached to the cylinder 4 of the pressurizing cylinder 3, so that the supporting is more stable.
In this embodiment, the bracket 1 includes a base 12, a first baffle 13 and a second baffle 14, the first baffle 13 and the second baffle 14 are respectively and fixedly connected to two ends of the base 12, the sample placing table 2 is slidably connected to the first baffle 13, the cylinder 4 is slidably connected to the second baffle 14, and the supporting head 11 is fixedly connected to the base 12.
In this embodiment, the first baffle 13 and the second baffle 14 are both made of stainless steel.
In this embodiment, the first baffle 13 and the second baffle 14 are respectively provided with a chute extending along the vertical direction, and the sample placing table 2 and the cylinder 4 are respectively slidably connected to the first baffle 13 and the second baffle 14 through the chute.
In this embodiment, the sample placing table 2 is disposed along a horizontal direction, one end of the sample placing table 2 passes through the chute of the first baffle 13 and is connected to the first baffle 13 through a detachable connector, and the other end of the sample placing table 2 is used for placing a sample.
In this embodiment, the other end of the sample placement table 2 extends toward the pressure head 6 to form a thin plate, the sample is placed on the thin plate, and the extending length of the thin plate is smaller than the length of the sample in the same direction, so that the thin plate is prevented from being touched when the pressure head 6 applies pressure.
In this embodiment, an external thread is provided at one end of the sample placing table 2, and after the one end of the sample placing table 2 passes through the first baffle 13, the external thread is screwed on the first baffle 13 through a detachable connecting piece.
In this embodiment, the detachable connection member is a first nut, and when the first nut is unscrewed, the sample placement table 2 can slide up and down.
In this embodiment, one end of the cylinder body 4 of the pressurizing cylinder 3 is provided with a cylindrical head, the outer diameter of the cylindrical head is equal to the width of the sliding groove on the second baffle plate 14, the cylindrical head is provided with an external thread, the cylindrical head passes through the sliding groove on the second baffle plate 14 and is screwed by the second nut, and when the second nut is unscrewed, the pressurizing cylinder 3 can slide up and down.
The invention also provides an experimental method for observing the deformation of the pores, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, cutting to prepare a sample to be observed, and polishing a surface to be observed;
step 2, placing a sample to be observed on the sample placing table 2, enabling the surface to be observed to face upwards, and adjusting the positions of the sample placing table 2 and the pressurizing cylinder 3;
and step 3, after applying pressure to the side surface of the sample to be observed and stabilizing for 30-60min, observing the deformation characteristics of the pores, and further obtaining the surface porosity of the sample.
In this embodiment, the method further includes the steps of: obtaining an image of a surface to be observed of a sample through a scanning electron microscope, and dividing and extracting the image to obtain the surface aperture rate of the sample; the magnitude of the applied pressure is varied to obtain images at different pressures, and thus the face porosity of the sample at different pressures.
In this example, the preparation of the sample to be observed by cutting in step 1 comprises: cutting the rock core, cutting two parallel surfaces along the layer surface direction, and mechanically polishing and leveling; and cutting the vertical parallel surface to form a pore deformed surface to be observed, mechanically polishing the surface to be observed, and further polishing the surface to be observed by adopting argon ions.
When a scanning electron microscope is adopted to observe the deformation characteristics of the aperture, the scanning electron microscope adopts high-resolution large-area imaging to carry out back scattering mode imaging on the aperture in the plane direction, and a back scattering image under the pressure is obtained; and carrying out binarization segmentation extraction on the pores according to the gray value, obtaining a specific region, analyzing the region, and calculating the ratio of the pore size of the region to the actual area to finally obtain the surface porosity.
And obtaining back scattering images under different pressures by applying different pressures, and further analyzing the surface porosity under different pressures, so as to study and analyze the deformation characteristics of different pore types under different rock framework supports.
The foregoing description of embodiments of the invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description, and is not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the embodiments disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the various embodiments described.
Claims (7)
1. The sample placing device for observing pore deformation is characterized by comprising a support (1), a sample placing table (2) and a pressurizing cylinder (3), wherein the sample placing table (2) is connected to one end of the support (1) in a sliding manner and is used for placing a sample, the pressurizing cylinder (3) comprises a cylinder body (4), a piston assembly and a pressure head (6), one end of the cylinder body (4) is connected to the other end of the support (1) in a sliding manner, the piston assembly penetrates through the cylinder body (4) and is connected with the pressure head (6), and the pressure head (6) is used for pressurizing the sample;
the bracket comprises a base (12), a first baffle (13) and a second baffle (14), wherein the first baffle (13) and the second baffle (14) are respectively connected to two ends of the base (12), the sample placing table (2) is connected to the first baffle (13) in a sliding manner, and the cylinder body (4) is connected to the second baffle (14) in a sliding manner;
the first baffle (13) and the second baffle (14) are respectively provided with a chute extending along the vertical direction, and the sample placing table (2) and the cylinder (4) are respectively and slidably connected with the first baffle (13) and the second baffle (14) through the chute;
sample placing table (2) is arranged along the horizontal direction, one end of the sample placing table passes through the chute of the first baffle (13) and is connected to the first baffle (13) through a detachable connecting piece, and the other end of the sample placing table (2) is used for placing samples.
2. Sample placement device for pore deformation observation according to claim 1, characterized in that the piston assembly (5) comprises a piston and a piston rod, the piston is driven by a driving device to move in the cylinder (4), and both ends of the piston rod are respectively connected to the pressure head (6) and the piston.
3. The sample placement device for observing pore deformation according to claim 2, wherein the driving device is a hydraulic pump, a liquid inlet (7) is arranged on the side wall of the cylinder (4), a liquid inlet valve is arranged at the liquid inlet (7), and the hydraulic pump is connected to the liquid inlet (7) through the liquid inlet valve.
4. The sample placement device for pore deformation observation according to claim 1, further comprising a support frame (8), wherein the bottom of the support frame (8) is connected to the bracket (1) for supporting the cylinder (4) from below.
5. The sample placement device for observing pore deformation according to claim 4, wherein the supporting frame (8) comprises a supporting head (11), an inner cylinder (10) and an outer cylinder (9) which are sleeved in sequence from inside to outside, and the outer cylinder (9) and the inner cylinder (10) and the supporting head (11) are connected through threads.
6. An experimental method for pore deformation observation, using the sample placement device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the experimental method comprises:
step 1, cutting to prepare a sample to be observed, and polishing a surface to be observed;
step 2, placing the sample to be observed on the sample placing table (2), enabling the surface to be observed to face upwards, and adjusting the positions of the sample placing table (2) and the pressurizing cylinder (3);
and step 3, applying pressure to the side surface of the sample to be observed, stabilizing, and observing the deformation characteristics of the pores.
7. The method of claim 6, further comprising the step of: acquiring an image of a surface to be observed of the sample through a scanning electron microscope, and segmenting and extracting the image to acquire the surface porosity of the sample; the magnitude of the applied pressure is varied to acquire the images at different pressures, thereby acquiring the face porosity of the sample at different pressures.
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