CN111750714A - A high-temperature pulsating heat pipe multiple filling and working medium adjustment device and method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a high-temperature pulsating heat pipe multiple filling and working medium adjustment device and method, including a glove box, a liquid filling pipe, a molecular pump unit, a gas cylinder for supplying gas to the glove box, a cold trap, a high-temperature pulsating heat pipe, a temperature adjustment The device and the thermometer, wherein the glove box is a sealed box structure; the glove box is provided with four links, at least two liquid pipelines, at least three vacuuming pipelines, at least four vacuum valves, and at least two working medium injectors , At least two precision balances, vacuum gauges, vacuum tanks, temperature measuring devices and liquid nitrogen spray guns; a vacuum plug is provided on the box of the glove box; the molecular pump unit is connected to the cold trap, and the cold trap is connected to the vacuum tank through a vacuum pumping pipeline , There is a precision balance under the vacuum tank. The invention can optimize the first liquid filling process, so that the first liquid filling process is more accurate and convenient; can realize multiple liquid filling and liquid filling rate adjustment; can realize the adjustment of working medium ratio or nano particles under the condition that the liquid filling rate is unchanged Concentration adjustment.

Description

A high-temperature pulsating heat pipe multiple filling and working medium adjustment device and method

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of pulsating heat pipe research, in particular, to a device and method for multiple filling and working medium adjustment of a high-temperature pulsating heat pipe.

Background technique

A pulsating heat pipe is a heat transfer element proposed by Akachi in the early 1990s. The pulsating heat pipe drives the working medium to oscillate and flow in the pipe by using the pressure difference between the liquid plug formed in the pipe and the gas plug formed by the working medium after being heated, so as to achieve efficient heat transfer. Compared with the traditional heat pipe, it has the advantages of simple structure, strong heat transfer ability and good anti-gravity operation effect. At present, the research on pulsating heat pipes mainly focuses on the normal temperature (0～200℃) and low temperature (-270～0℃) temperature regions, and there are few studies on high temperature pulsating heat pipes whose working temperature exceeds 500℃.

The high-temperature pulsating heat pipe uses liquid metal as the working medium, and its preparation covers the requirements of high vacuum in the tube, non-oxidative configuration of liquid metal, and strong high temperature tolerance. From the point of view of safety, the explosiveness of the sodium-potassium alloy and the high-strength packaging of the heat pipe make it more difficult to manufacture. Because the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe is made of high-temperature resistant stainless steel, its preparatory process is complicated and the cost is high. There are many factors that affect the heat transfer performance of high temperature pulsating heat pipes. In the process of studying the influence of liquid filling rate and working medium on heat transfer performance, it is necessary to ensure that other factors are the same. In previous research, for each high temperature pulsating heat pipe, only To achieve a single filling and to study the influence of a certain factor on its heat transfer performance often requires multiple high-temperature pulsating heat pipes. However, due to the differences between multiple high-temperature pulsating heat pipes, errors in heat transfer performance will occur. Therefore, in order to save To ensure cost and test accuracy, multiple fillings and working fluid adjustments should be achieved in a high-temperature pulsating heat pipe.

The liquid filling device of the liquid metal high temperature pulsating heat pipe in the prior art has the following shortcomings: (1) it can only realize single filling, cannot perform multiple filling, and cannot adjust the composition and proportion of the internal working medium; (2) liquid The metal working medium has large viscosity and surface tension. During the filling process, the liquid filling amount is manually controlled by the vacuum valve. When the opening of the vacuum valve is small, the working medium cannot move. Good control leads to insufficient or excessive filling; (3) It is necessary to configure excess sodium-potassium alloy working fluid, and it is difficult to handle the remaining working fluid after filling. Therefore, inventing a method for effectively filling the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe with multiple times of liquid and adjusting the working medium is the basis for realizing the application of the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

According to the above-mentioned technical problems that the existing liquid metal high temperature pulsating heat pipe liquid filling device cannot be filled multiple times, and the composition and proportion of the internal working medium cannot be adjusted, a high temperature pulsating heat pipe multiple filling and working medium adjustment device is provided. and method. The invention mainly utilizes the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe for multiple fillings and the working medium adjustment device, thereby optimizing the first liquid filling process, making the first liquid filling process more accurate and convenient; realizing the adjustment of multiple liquid filling and liquid filling rate, and increasing the liquid filling process rate or reduce the liquid filling rate; realize the adjustment of the working fluid ratio or the adjustment of the nanoparticle concentration under the condition of the same liquid filling rate.

The technical means adopted in the present invention are as follows:

A method for multiple filling and working medium adjustment of a high-temperature pulsating heat pipe, comprising the following steps:

S1. Use the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe for multiple filling and the working medium adjustment device for the first filling;

S2. After the first liquid filling is completed, carry out multiple liquid filling and liquid filling rate adjustments according to requirements, or adjustment of working fluid ratio, or adjustment of nanoparticle concentration;

The multiple liquid filling and liquid filling rate adjustment include increasing the liquid filling rate and decreasing the liquid filling rate.

Further, in step S1, the first filling method includes the following steps:

S11. Connect each device, and circulate the oxygen and water in the glove box to ensure that the water and oxygen content in the glove box is less than 0.1ppm;

S12. Connect the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe after baking to connect the liquid-filled pipe to the interface below the spool under an oxygen-free condition inside;

S13, the cold trap is filled with liquid nitrogen, the first vacuum valve and the second vacuum valve are opened, the third vacuum valve and the fourth vacuum valve are closed, and the required amount of working medium is arranged in the glove box and loaded into the first working medium syringe ; If the melting point of the working medium is lower than the temperature in the glove box, use a liquid nitrogen spray gun to cool the working medium inside the first working medium injector to ensure that its temperature is lower than the melting point;

S14, open the third vacuum valve and the molecular pump unit, and sequentially pass the cold trap, the first vacuuming pipeline, the vacuum tank, the first vacuum valve, the second vacuuming pipeline, the cross and the liquid filling pipe to the first working medium injector and the liquid filling pipe. The high temperature pulsating heat pipe is evacuated, the vacuum degree is lower than 10 ^-3 Pa and the third vacuum valve is closed after maintaining for two hours;

S15. Heating the first working fluid injector, the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe and all the connecting pipelines between them, using a temperature regulating device to keep the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe warm, and using a thermometer to detect the first working fluid injector, the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe and the The temperature of the outer wall of all connecting pipes between the two should ensure that the temperature is higher than the melting point of the working medium;

S16. Close the first vacuum valve and the second vacuum valve, and open the third vacuum valve. At this time, the pressure in the glove box is normal atmospheric pressure, and the liquid working medium in the first working medium injector is fully charged with high temperature under the action of the internal and external pressure difference. The inside of the pulsating heat pipe; use the hydraulic pliers to clamp off the liquid filling pipe outside the glove box, and use the electron beam to weld and seal the broken part to complete the first liquid filling of the high temperature pulsating heat pipe.

Further, in step S2, on the premise that the type of working medium remains unchanged, the method for increasing the liquid filling rate includes the following steps:

S2.11. Connect each device and circulate in the glove box to ensure that the water and oxygen content of the glove box and each part of the system is less than 0.1ppm;

S2.12. Close all vacuum valves, and pass the upper half of the liquid-filled tube and the top welded sealing part of the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe that has been filled with liquid for the first time in step S16 into the glove box through a vacuum plug to ensure a closed environment in the glove box and the operating temperature The adjustment device cools the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe, and uses a thermometer to measure the temperature of the outer wall of the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe to ensure that the temperature of the outer wall is lower than the melting point of the working medium, and that the liquid plug inside the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe will not be caused by inert gas when the seal is opened. It is difficult to extract the air bubbles when entering;

In the glove box, cut off the seal with a pipe cutter, and connect the upper part of the liquid-filled pipe to the cross; during this process, the inert gas in the glove box will enter the heat pipe through the liquid-filled pipe;

S2.13. Increase the amount of the required working medium according to the filling rate, configure the required amount of working medium in the glove box and put it into the first working medium syringe to ensure that its temperature is lower than the melting point;

Open the first vacuum valve, the second vacuum valve and the third vacuum valve, fill the cold trap with liquid nitrogen, and use the molecular pump unit to evacuate the entire system and the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe to ensure that the gas inside the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe is extracted;

Heat the first working fluid injector and the pipeline connected to the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe to ensure that the wall temperature is higher than the melting point of the working fluid, close the first vacuum valve and the second vacuum valve, and keep the third vacuum valve open all the time, and the working fluid is in Fill under the action of pressure difference, use hydraulic pliers to clamp off the liquid filling pipe outside the glove box, and use electron beam to weld and seal the clamped part to complete the increase of liquid filling rate.

Further, in step S2, on the premise that the type of working medium remains unchanged, the method for reducing the filling rate includes the following steps:

S2.21. Connect each device and circulate in the glove box to ensure that the water and oxygen content of the glove box and each part of the system is less than 0.1ppm; configure a small amount of the same type of working medium and put it into the second working medium injector as a preparation, the second precision balance Used to measure the quality change of the working medium in the second working medium injector; use liquid nitrogen to cool the second working medium injector and measure the temperature to ensure that its temperature is lower than the melting point;

S2.22. Close all vacuum valves, and pass the upper half of the liquid-filled tube and the top welded sealing part of the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe that has been filled with liquid for the first time in step S16 into the glove box through a vacuum plug, so as to ensure a closed environment in the glove box and a working temperature The adjustment device cools the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe, and uses a thermometer to measure the temperature of the outer wall of the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe to ensure that the temperature of the outer wall is lower than the melting point of the working medium, and that the liquid plug inside the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe will not be caused by inert gas when the seal is opened. It is difficult to extract the air bubbles when entering;

In the glove box, cut off the seal with a pipe cutter, and connect the upper part of the liquid-filled pipe to the cross; during this process, the inert gas in the glove box will enter the heat pipe through the liquid-filled pipe;

S2.23. Open the first vacuum valve, the second vacuum valve and the fourth vacuum valve, fill the cold trap with liquid nitrogen, and use the molecular pump unit to evacuate the communication part of the entire system, the second working fluid injector and the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe Operation, draw out the inert gas, close the fourth vacuum valve, and keep the vacuum state in the second working medium injector;

Close the first vacuum valve and the second vacuum valve, heat the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe and the pipeline between the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe and the vacuum tank, use a thermometer to detect the outer wall temperature of the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe, and use a temperature regulating device to conduct the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe. Insulation to ensure that the internal working fluid is melted into a liquid state, and the working fluid inside the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe is all liquid at this time;

Use the molecular pump unit to vacuumize the vacuum tank continuously for 30 minutes, open the first vacuum valve, and the working medium inside the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe is pumped out to the vacuum tank under the action of the pressure difference, and the first precision balance is used to weigh the extracted working medium. After the quality is met, close the first vacuum valve;

S2.24. Since the molecular pump unit and the vacuum tank are used to extract the working fluid, the first vacuum valve is used to control the amount of extraction. When the extraction of the working fluid is excessive, the second working fluid injector and related pipelines need to be heated and melted. After the vacuuming in step S33 is completed, the first vacuum valve and the second vacuum valve are closed, the fourth vacuum valve is opened, and under the action of the pressure difference, the working medium in the second working medium injector is supplemented into the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe, and the first vacuum valve and the second vacuum valve are closed. The second precision balance weighs the supplementary mass, and then closes the fourth vacuum valve to ensure the required filling rate;

Use hydraulic pliers to cut off the liquid filling tube outside the glove box, and use electron beam to weld and seal the broken part to complete the reduction of liquid filling rate.

Further, in step S2, under the condition that the filling rate is constant, the method for adjusting the working fluid ratio or the nanoparticle concentration includes the following steps:

S2.31. Calculate according to the existing working fluid composition ratio and target composition ratio or the existing nanoparticle concentration and target concentration in the high temperature pulsating heat pipe, and obtain the working fluid quality that should be extracted and the working fluid composition ratio or concentration to be charged , and quality;

Connect each device and circulate in the glove box to ensure that the water and oxygen content of the glove box and each part of the system is less than 0.1ppm;

According to the calculation results, configure the working fluid to be charged with accurate mass and ratio or nanoparticle concentration, place it in the first working fluid injector, and configure a small amount of working fluid with the same proportion or nanoparticle concentration in the heat pipe and place it in the second working fluid. As a preparation in the injection medium, the second precision balance is used to measure the mass change in the injection of the second injection medium; the temperature of the injection injection of the first injection medium and the injection of the second injection material are cooled to ensure that their temperature is lower than the melting point;

S2.32. Close all vacuum valves, and pass the upper half of the liquid-filled tube and the top welded sealing part of the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe that has been filled with liquid for the first time in step S16 into the glove box through a vacuum plug to ensure a closed environment in the glove box and a working temperature The adjustment device cools the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe, and uses a thermometer to measure the temperature of the outer wall of the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe to ensure that the temperature of the outer wall is lower than the melting point of the working medium, and that the liquid plug inside the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe will not be caused by inert gas when the seal is opened. It is difficult to extract the air bubbles when entering;

In the glove box, cut off the seal with a pipe cutter, and connect the upper part of the liquid-filled pipe to the cross; during this process, the inert gas in the glove box will enter the heat pipe through the liquid-filled pipe;

S2.33. Open all vacuum valves, fill the cold trap with liquid nitrogen, use the molecular pump unit to evacuate the connected parts of the entire system, the two working fluid injectors and the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe, draw out the inert gas, and close the third vacuum valve and the fourth vacuum valve, the two working fluid injectors maintain a vacuum state;

Close the first vacuum valve and the second vacuum valve, heat the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe, the two working fluid injectors and the connecting pipeline, and use a thermometer to detect the temperature of the outer wall to ensure that the temperature of the wall surface is higher than the melting point of the working fluid. The high-temperature pulsating heat pipe is used for heat preservation to ensure that the internal working fluid is completely melted into a liquid state;

Use the molecular pump unit to vacuumize the vacuum tank continuously for 30 minutes, open the first vacuum valve, and the working medium inside the heat pipe is pumped out to the vacuum tank under the action of the pressure difference. The first precision balance is used to measure the quality of the pumped working fluid. After reaching the demand, close the first vacuum valve;

Open the third vacuum valve, and the working medium in the first working medium injector is fully charged into the high temperature pulsating heat pipe under the action of the pressure difference;

S2.34. When using the molecular pump unit and the vacuum tank to pump out the working fluid, the first vacuum valve should be used to control the quality of the pumped working fluid. If the pumped working fluid is excessive, it needs to be replenished;

The rehydration method includes the following steps:

The second working fluid injector and related pipelines are heated and melted, the fourth vacuum valve is opened, and the amount of liquid replenishment is controlled through the fourth vacuum valve. Under the action of the pressure difference, the working fluid in the second working fluid injector is filled into the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe , close the fourth vacuum valve after the fluid replenishment amount is reached; use hydraulic pliers to clamp off the liquid filling tube outside the glove box, and use electron beam to weld and seal the clamped part to complete the adjustment of working fluid or nanoparticle concentration.

The invention also provides a high-temperature pulsating heat pipe multiple filling and working medium adjustment device, which is applied in the above method and includes: a glove box, a liquid filling pipe, a molecular pump unit located outside the glove box, and a gas supply for the glove box. A gas cylinder, a cold trap, a high temperature pulsating heat pipe, a temperature adjustment device and a thermometer, wherein the glove box is a sealed box structure;

The glove box is provided with spools, at least two liquid pipelines, at least three vacuuming pipelines, at least four vacuum valves, at least two working medium syringes, at least two precision balances, vacuum gauges, vacuum tanks, measuring instruments. Warming device and liquid nitrogen spray gun; a vacuum plug is arranged on the box body of the glove box;

The molecular pump unit is connected with the cold trap, the cold trap is connected with the vacuum tank through the vacuum pumping pipeline, and the precision balance is placed under the vacuum tank;

The temperature adjustment device is wrapped on the outside of the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe, the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe is connected with the end of the liquid filling pipe located outside the glove box, and the liquid filling pipe extends into the Inside the glove box, the connection part between the liquid filling pipe and the vacuum plug is guaranteed to be sealed, and the other end of the liquid filling pipe is located inside the glove box and connected with the four-way;

In the glove box, at least two of the evacuation pipelines, the liquid filling pipeline and at least two of the liquid pipelines are connected together through the four-way, and the evacuation pipelines also pass through the vacuum valve are respectively connected with the vacuum tank and the vacuum gauge, each of the liquid pipelines is connected to each of the working fluid injectors through the vacuum valve, and the precision balance is placed under at least one of the working fluid injectors;

The glove box is hermetically connected to the cold trap through the vacuuming pipeline;

The glove box ensures an inert gas environment in the box through internal circulation.

Further, the glove box is provided with two liquid pipelines, three vacuuming pipelines, four vacuum valves, two working medium syringes, and two precision balances, wherein the two liquid pipelines are the first A liquid pipeline and a second liquid pipeline, the three vacuuming pipelines are the first vacuuming pipeline, the second vacuuming pipeline and the third vacuuming pipeline respectively, and the four vacuum valves are the first vacuum valve respectively , the second vacuum valve, the third vacuum valve and the fourth vacuum valve, the two working fluid injectors are respectively the first working fluid injector and the second working fluid injector, and the two precision balances are the first precision balance and The second precision balance;

The four-way has four interfaces, namely a first interface, a second interface, a third interface and a fourth interface;

One side of the first vacuuming pipeline is located outside the glove box and connected to the cold trap, and the other side of the first vacuuming pipeline is located inside the glove box and connected to the vacuum tank, so The first precision balance is placed under the vacuum tank; one side of the second vacuuming pipeline is connected with the vacuum tank, and the other side is connected with the first interface of the four-way, the first vacuum valve It is arranged on the second vacuuming pipeline, one side of the third vacuuming pipeline is connected with the vacuum gauge, and the other side is collected on the second vacuuming pipeline and connected with the first interface of the four-way, The second vacuum valve is arranged on the third vacuuming pipeline; the third vacuum valve is arranged on the first liquid pipeline, and the two sides of the first liquid pipeline are respectively connected to the first working medium The syringe is connected to the second interface of the four-way, the fourth vacuum valve is arranged on the second liquid pipeline, and the two sides of the second liquid pipeline are respectively connected with the second working fluid injector and the The third interface of the spool is connected, and the second precision balance is placed under the second working medium injector; the fourth interface of the spool is connected with the liquid filling pipe.

Further, the filling rate range of the first filling of the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe is 15% to 85%, and the adjustment range of the filling rate of multiple fillings is 15% to 85%;

The high-temperature pulsating heat pipe is a tubular high-temperature pulsating heat pipe, a plate-type high-temperature pulsating heat pipe, a special-shaped high-temperature pulsating heat pipe or a high-temperature pulsating heat pipe heat exchanger.

Further, the working fluid of the high temperature pulsating heat pipe is metal sodium, metal potassium, or metal lithium, metal rubidium, or metal cesium, or sodium-potassium alloys in different proportions, or liquid metal nanofluids with different mass fractions.

Further, the pipe material of the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe is one of stainless steel, nickel-based alloy or Inconel nickel-based alloy, or a combination of more than one.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

1. The high-temperature pulsating heat pipe multi-filling and working medium adjustment device and method provided by the present invention provides a device and method for realizing high-temperature pulsating heat pipe multi-filling, which optimizes the first liquid filling process and makes the first liquid filling process more accurate. , convenient.

2. The device and method for multiple filling of high-temperature pulsating heat pipes and adjustment of working medium provided by the present invention can realize multiple filling and adjustment of filling rate, so as to increase the filling rate or Decrease filling rate.

3. The device and method for multiple filling of high-temperature pulsating heat pipes and working medium adjustment provided by the present invention can realize the adjustment of working medium ratio and the adjustment of nano-particle concentration under the condition of constant liquid filling rate.

4. The device and method for multiple filling of high-temperature pulsating heat pipes and working medium adjustment provided by the present invention do not need to use a vacuum valve to manually control the working medium filling amount, and the filling is more accurate.

5. The device and method for multiple filling of high-temperature pulsating heat pipes and working medium adjustment provided by the present invention do not need to configure excess working medium, and there will not be a large amount of residual situation, which is safer and more convenient while avoiding waste.

6. With the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe multiple filling and working medium adjustment device and method provided by the present invention, the vacuum gauge is closer to the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe, and the vacuum degree measurement is more accurate.

To sum up, the application of the technical solution of the present invention can solve the problems that the existing liquid metal high-temperature pulsating heat pipe liquid filling technology cannot perform multiple fillings and cannot adjust the composition and proportion of the internal working medium.

Based on the above reasons, the present invention can be widely applied in the field of heat transfer using high temperature pulsating heat pipes.

Description of drawings

In order to illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art more clearly, the following briefly introduces the accompanying drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description These are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can also be obtained from these drawings without any creative effort.

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the device for multiple filling and working medium adjustment of a high-temperature pulsating heat pipe according to the present invention.

In the figure: 1. High temperature pulsating heat pipe; 2. Temperature adjustment device; 3. Vacuum plug; 4. Liquid filling pipe; 5. Thermometer; 6. Molecular pump unit; 7. Cold trap; 8. The first precision balance; 9, the second precision balance; 10, the vacuum tank; 11, the first vacuum valve; 12, the second vacuum valve; 13, the third vacuum valve; 14, the fourth vacuum valve; 15, the vacuum gauge; 16, the first work 17. The second working medium syringe; 18. The first vacuuming pipeline; 19. The second vacuuming pipeline; 20. The four-way; 201. The first interface; 204, the fourth interface; 21, the glove box; 22, the gas cylinder; 23, the third vacuuming pipeline; 24, the first liquid pipeline; 25, the second liquid pipeline.

Detailed ways

It should be noted that the embodiments of the present invention and the features of the embodiments may be combined with each other under the condition of no conflict. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in conjunction with the embodiments.

In order to make the purposes, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments It is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of the embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only, and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present invention. As used herein, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise, the singular is intended to include the plural as well, furthermore, it is to be understood that when the terms "comprising" and/or "including" are used in this specification, it indicates that There are features, steps, operations, devices, components and/or combinations thereof.

The relative arrangement of the components and steps, the numerical expressions and numerical values set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the invention unless specifically stated otherwise. Meanwhile, it should be understood that, for convenience of description, the dimensions of various parts shown in the accompanying drawings are not drawn in an actual proportional relationship. Techniques, methods, and devices known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such techniques, methods, and devices should be considered part of the authorized specification. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values should be construed as illustrative only and not limiting. Accordingly, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that like numerals and letters refer to like items in the following figures, so once an item is defined in one figure, it does not require further discussion in subsequent figures.

In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientations indicated by orientation words such as "front, rear, top, bottom, left, right", "horizontal, vertical, vertical, horizontal" and "top, bottom" etc. Or the positional relationship is usually based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and these orientation words do not indicate or imply the indicated device or element unless otherwise stated. It must have a specific orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, so it should not be construed as a limitation on the scope of protection of the present invention: the orientation words "inside and outside" refer to the inside and outside relative to the contour of each component itself.

For ease of description, spatially relative terms, such as "on", "over", "on the surface", "above", etc., may be used herein to describe what is shown in the figures. The spatial positional relationship of one device or feature shown to other devices or features. It should be understood that spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, elements described as "above" or "over" other devices or features would then be oriented "below" or "over" the other devices or features under its device or structure". Thus, the exemplary term "above" can encompass both an orientation of "above" and "below." The device may also be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptions used herein interpreted accordingly.

In addition, it should be noted that the use of words such as "first" and "second" to define components is only for the convenience of distinguishing corresponding components. Unless otherwise stated, the above words have no special meaning and therefore cannot be understood to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 1, the present invention provides a high-temperature pulsating heat pipe multiple filling and working medium adjustment device, including: a glove box 21, a liquid filling pipe 4, and a molecular pump unit 6 located outside the glove box 21, which is a glove box. Air supply cylinder 22, cold trap 7, high temperature pulsating heat pipe 1, temperature adjustment device 2 and thermometer 5, wherein, the glove box 21 is a sealed box structure; The trap 7 is used to protect the molecular pump unit 6 .

The glove box 21 is provided with a four-way 20, at least two liquid pipelines, at least three vacuuming pipelines, at least four vacuum valves, at least two working medium syringes, at least two precision balances, a vacuum gauge 15, a vacuum Tank 10, temperature measuring device and liquid nitrogen spray gun; a vacuum plug 3 is arranged on the box body of the glove box 21; a vacuum gauge 15 is used to measure the vacuum degree inside the system.

The molecular pump unit 6 is connected to the cold trap 7 , and the cold trap 7 is connected to the vacuum tank 10 through the vacuum pumping pipeline, and the precision balance is placed under the vacuum tank 10 .

The temperature adjustment device 2 is wrapped on the outside of the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe 1, and the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe 1 is connected to the end of the liquid filling pipe 4 located outside the glove box 21, and the liquid filling pipe 4 passes through the The vacuum plug 3 extends into the inside of the glove box 21, the connection part between the liquid filling pipe 4 and the vacuum plug 3 is sealed, and the other end of the liquid filling pipe 4 is located inside the glove box 21 and is connected with the four parts. Connect through 20.

In the glove box 21, at least two of the evacuation pipelines, the liquid filling pipeline 4 and at least two of the liquid pipelines are connected together through the spool 20, and the evacuation pipelines also pass through the The vacuum valve is connected to the vacuum tank 10 and the vacuum gauge 15 respectively, each of the liquid pipelines is connected to each of the working fluid injectors through the vacuum valve, and at least one of the working fluid injectors is placed under the working fluid injector. The precision balance.

The glove box 21 is sealedly connected to the cold trap 7 through the vacuuming pipeline.

The glove box 21 ensures an inert gas environment in the box through internal circulation.

In this embodiment, the glove box 21 is provided with two liquid pipelines, three vacuuming pipelines, four vacuum valves, two working fluid syringes, and two precision balances, wherein the two liquid pipelines They are the first liquid pipeline 24 and the second liquid pipeline 25 respectively, and the three vacuuming pipelines are the first vacuuming pipeline 18, the second vacuuming pipeline 19 and the third vacuuming pipeline 23, respectively. The vacuum valves are respectively the first vacuum valve 11, the second vacuum valve 12, the third vacuum valve 13 and the fourth vacuum valve 14, and the two working fluid injectors are the first working fluid injector 16 and the second working fluid injector 17 respectively , the two precision balances are the first precision balance 8 and the second precision balance 9 respectively.

The spool 20 has four ports, namely a first port 201, a second port 202, a third port 203 and a fourth port 204, which are located on the left side, the upper side, the right side and the lower side, respectively.

One side of the first evacuation line 18 is located outside the glove box 21 and connected to the cold trap 7 , and the other side of the first evacuation line 18 is located inside the glove box 21 and is connected to the cold trap 7 . The vacuum tank 10 is connected, and the first precision balance 8 is placed under the vacuum tank 10; one side of the second vacuum pipe 19 is connected with the vacuum tank 10, and the other side is connected with the The first interface 201 is connected, the first vacuum valve 11 is arranged on the second vacuum pipe 19, one side of the third vacuum pipe 23 is connected to the vacuum gauge 15, and the other side is collected in the The second vacuuming pipeline 19 is connected with the first interface 201 of the four-way 20, and the second vacuum valve 12 is arranged on the third vacuuming pipeline 23; the third vacuum valve 13 is arranged on the On the first liquid pipeline 24, both sides of the first liquid pipeline 24 are respectively connected with the first working fluid injector 16 and the second interface 202 of the four-way 20, and the fourth vacuum valve 14 is arranged on the second liquid pipeline 25, the two sides of the second liquid pipeline 25 are respectively connected with the second working fluid injector 17 and the third interface 203 of the spool 20. The second precision balance 9 is placed under the second working fluid injector 17 ;

The liquid filling rate of the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe 1 is in the range of 15% to 85% for the first liquid filling, and the adjustment range of the liquid filling rate for the multiple liquid filling is 15% to 85%. Within this range, the heat transfer performance of the high temperature pulsating heat pipe 1 is better.

The high-temperature pulsating heat pipe 1 is a tubular high-temperature pulsating heat pipe, a plate-type high-temperature pulsating heat pipe, a special-shaped high-temperature pulsating heat pipe, or a high-temperature pulsating heat pipe heat exchanger.

The working fluid of the high temperature pulsating heat pipe 1 is metal sodium, metal potassium, or metal lithium, metal rubidium, or metal cesium, or sodium-potassium alloys with different proportions, or liquid metal nanofluids with different mass fractions.

The pipe material of the high temperature pulsating heat pipe 1 is one of stainless steel, nickel-based alloy, Inconel nickel-based alloy or other high temperature resistant alloys, or a combination of more than one.

A method for multiple filling and working medium adjustment of high-temperature pulsating heat pipes by using the above-mentioned device, comprising the following steps:

S1. Use the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe for multiple filling and the working medium adjustment device for the first filling;

S2. After the first liquid filling is completed, carry out multiple liquid filling and liquid filling rate adjustments according to requirements, or adjustment of working fluid ratio, or adjustment of nanoparticle concentration;

The multiple liquid filling and liquid filling rate adjustment include increasing the liquid filling rate and decreasing the liquid filling rate.

In step S1, the first liquid filling method includes the following steps:

S11. Connect each device, and circulate the oxygen and water in the glove box 21 to ensure that the water and oxygen content in the glove box 21 are less than 0.1 ppm, and ensure that the operation in the glove box 21 is an oxygen-free and water-free operation to avoid oxidation of the liquid metal ;

S12, connect the liquid-filled pipe 4 to the interface below the spool 20 (that is, the fourth interface 204) under the internal oxygen-free condition of the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe 1 that has finished baking in the high-temperature heating furnace;

S13. The cold trap 7 is filled with liquid nitrogen, the first vacuum valve 11 and the second vacuum valve 12 are opened, the third vacuum valve 13 and the fourth vacuum valve 14 are closed, and the required amount of working fluid is arranged in the glove box 21 and loaded into the glove box 21. In the first working fluid injector 16; if the melting point of the working fluid is lower than the temperature in the glove box 21, use a liquid nitrogen spray gun to cool the working fluid inside the first working fluid injector 16 to ensure that its temperature is lower than the melting point;

S14, open the third vacuum valve 13 and the molecular pump unit 6, and sequentially pass through the cold trap 7, the first vacuum pumping pipeline 18, the vacuum tank 10, the first vacuum valve 11, the second vacuum pumping pipeline 19, the spool 20 and the liquid filling The tube 4 vacuumizes the first working medium injector 16 and the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe 1, and the vacuum degree is lower than ^10-3 Pa and closes the third vacuum valve 13 after maintaining for two hours;

S15, heat the first working fluid injector 16, the high temperature pulsating heat pipe 1 and all the connecting pipelines between them, use the temperature adjusting device 2 to keep the high temperature pulsating heat pipe 1 warm, and use the thermometer 5 to detect the first working fluid injector 16. The temperature of the outer wall of the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe 1 and all connecting pipes between the two should be ensured that the temperature is higher than the melting point of the working medium;

S16, close the first vacuum valve 11 and the second vacuum valve 12, and open the third vacuum valve 13. At this time, the pressure in the glove box 21 is normal atmospheric pressure, and the liquid working medium in the first working medium injector 16 acts on the internal and external pressure difference The liquid filling pipe 4 outside the glove box 21 is clamped off with hydraulic pliers, and the broken part is welded and sealed with an electron beam to complete the first liquid filling of the high temperature pulsating heat pipe 1 .

Example 1

A method for multiple liquid filling of a high-temperature pulsating heat pipe, which can be used to control the filling rate of the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe 1 after the first production is completed. For the consideration of cost and research, by repeatedly filling the same heat pipe with liquid to reduce the experimental error, it is helpful to grasp the heat transfer performance law of the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe 1. For the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe 1 that needs to be filled with liquid for many times, a long liquid-filled pipe 4 should be reserved. Multiple filling and filling rate adjustment include increasing the filling rate and decreasing the filling rate.

In this embodiment, under the premise that the type of working medium remains unchanged, the method for increasing the liquid filling rate includes the following steps:

S2.11. Connect each device and circulate in the glove box 21 to ensure that the water and oxygen content of the glove box 21 and each part of the system is less than 0.1ppm;

S2.12. Close all vacuum valves, and pass the upper half of the liquid filling pipe 4 and the top welded sealing part of the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe 1 that has been filled with liquid for the first time in step S16 into the glove box 21 through the vacuum plug 3 to ensure that the inside of the glove box 21 is In a closed environment, use the temperature adjustment device 2 to cool the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe 1, and use the thermometer 5 to measure the temperature of the outer wall of the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe 1 to ensure that the temperature of the outer wall is lower than the melting point of the working medium, and to ensure that the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe 1 is opened when the seal is opened. The internal liquid plug will not be difficult to extract due to the presence of bubbles in the inert gas;

In the glove box 21, the seal is cut off by a pipe cutter, and the upper half of the liquid filling pipe 4 is connected to the spool 20; during this process, the inert gas in the glove box 21 will enter the heat pipe through the liquid filling pipe 4. ;

S2.13, increase the amount of the required working medium according to the filling rate, configure the required amount of working medium in the glove box 21 and put it into the first working medium injector 16 to ensure that its temperature is lower than the melting point;

Open the first vacuum valve 11, the second vacuum valve 12 and the third vacuum valve 13, fill the cold trap 7 with liquid nitrogen, and use the molecular pump unit 6 to evacuate the entire system and the high temperature pulsating heat pipe 1 to ensure the high temperature pulsating heat pipe. 1 Internal gas extraction;

Heat the first working fluid injector 16 and the pipeline connected to the high temperature pulsating heat pipe 1 to ensure that the wall temperature is higher than the melting point of the working fluid, close the first vacuum valve 11 and the second vacuum valve 12, and keep the third vacuum valve 13 always When it is turned on, the working medium is charged under the action of the pressure difference, the liquid filling pipe 4 outside the glove box 21 is clamped off by hydraulic pliers, and the broken part is welded and sealed by electron beam to complete the increase of the liquid filling rate.

Example 2

In this embodiment, under the premise that the type of working medium remains unchanged, the method for reducing the filling rate includes the following steps:

S2.21. Connect each device and circulate in the glove box 21 to ensure that the water and oxygen content of the glove box 21 and each part of the system is less than 0.1 ppm; configure a small amount of the same type of working fluid and put it into the second working fluid injector 17 as a preparation, and the first Two precision balances 9 are used to measure the quality change of the working medium in the second working medium injector 17; use liquid nitrogen to cool the second working medium injector 17 and measure the temperature to ensure that its temperature is lower than the melting point;

S2.22. Close all vacuum valves, and pass the upper half of the liquid filling pipe 4 and the top welded sealing part of the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe 1 that has been filled with liquid for the first time in step S16 into the glove box 21 through the vacuum plug 3 to ensure that the glove box 21 is inside In a closed environment, use the temperature adjustment device 2 to cool the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe 1, and use the thermometer 5 to measure the temperature of the outer wall of the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe 1 to ensure that the temperature of the outer wall is lower than the melting point of the working medium, and to ensure that the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe 1 is opened when the seal is opened. The internal liquid plug will not be difficult to extract due to the presence of bubbles in the inert gas;

In the glove box 21, the seal is cut off by a pipe cutter, and the upper half of the liquid filling pipe 4 is connected to the spool 20; during this process, the inert gas in the glove box 21 will enter the heat pipe through the liquid filling pipe 4. ;

S2.23, open the first vacuum valve 11, the second vacuum valve 12 and the fourth vacuum valve 14, fill the cold trap 7 with liquid nitrogen, use the molecular pump unit 6 to connect the entire system, the second working medium injector 17 and The high-temperature pulsating heat pipe 1 is vacuumed, the inert gas is drawn out, the fourth vacuum valve 14 is closed, and the second working medium injector 17 is kept in a vacuum state;

Close the first vacuum valve 11 and the second vacuum valve 12, heat the high temperature pulsating heat pipe 1 and the pipeline between the high temperature pulsating heat pipe 1 and the vacuum tank 10, use the thermometer 5 to detect the outer wall temperature of the high temperature pulsating heat pipe 1, and use the temperature The adjusting device 2 keeps the high temperature pulsating heat pipe 1 warm to ensure that the internal working fluid is melted into a liquid state, and at this time, the working fluid inside the high temperature pulsating heat pipe 1 is all liquid;

Use the molecular pump unit 6 to continuously evacuate the vacuum tank 10 for 30 minutes, open the first vacuum valve 11, and the working medium inside the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe 1 is pumped out to the vacuum tank 10 under the action of the pressure difference, and the first precision balance 8 is used for Weigh the quality of the extracted working medium, and close the first vacuum valve 11 after reaching the demand;

S2.24. When using the molecular pump unit 6 and the vacuum tank 10 to pump out the working fluid, the first vacuum valve 11 needs to be used to control the pumping amount, so an excess working fluid may be pumped out; The second working fluid injector 17 and related pipelines are heated and melted. After the vacuuming in step S33 is completed, the first vacuum valve 11 and the second vacuum valve 12 are closed, and the fourth vacuum valve 14 is opened. The working medium in the second working medium injector 17 is supplemented into the high temperature pulsating heat pipe 1, and the supplementary mass is weighed by the second precision balance 9, and then the fourth vacuum valve 14 is closed to ensure the required liquid filling rate;

Use hydraulic pliers to clamp off the liquid filling tube 4 outside the glove box 21 , and use electron beams to weld and seal the clamped section to complete the reduction of the filling rate.

Example 3

The composition of the working medium is an important factor affecting the heat transfer performance of the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe 1, so it is of great significance to study the proportion of different compositions of the working medium.

In the present embodiment, for the working fluid composed of two components, under the condition that the filling rate remains unchanged, the method for changing the proportion of working fluid components includes the following steps:

S2.31. Calculate according to the existing working medium composition ratio and the target composition ratio in the high temperature pulsating heat pipe 1, and obtain the working medium quality that should be extracted and the working medium composition ratio and quality to be charged;

Connect each device and circulate in the glove box 21 to ensure that the water and oxygen content of the glove box 21 and each part of the system is less than 0.1ppm;

According to the calculation results, configure the working medium to be charged with accurate mass and proportion, place it in the first working medium injector 16, configure a small amount of working medium with the same proportion as in the heat pipe and place it in the second working medium injector 17 as a preparation, The second precision balance 9 is used to measure the mass change in the second working medium injector 17; the first working medium injector 16 and the second working medium injector 17 are cooled to ensure that their temperature is lower than the melting point;

S2.32. Close all vacuum valves, and pass the upper half of the liquid filling pipe 4 and the top welded sealing part of the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe 1 that has been filled with liquid for the first time in step S16 into the glove box 21 through the vacuum plug 3 to ensure that the inside of the glove box 21 is In a closed environment, use the temperature adjustment device 2 to cool the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe 1, and use the thermometer 5 to measure the temperature of the outer wall of the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe 1 to ensure that the temperature of the outer wall is lower than the melting point of the working medium, and to ensure that the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe 1 is opened when the seal is opened. The internal liquid plug will not be difficult to extract due to the presence of bubbles in the inert gas;

In the glove box 21, the seal is cut off by a pipe cutter, and the upper half of the liquid filling pipe 4 is connected to the spool 20; during this process, the inert gas in the glove box 21 will enter the heat pipe through the liquid filling pipe 4. ;

S2.33. Open all vacuum valves, fill the cold trap 7 with liquid nitrogen, use the molecular pump unit 6 to evacuate the communication part of the entire system, the two working fluid injectors and the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe 1, extract the inert gas, and close the first The three vacuum valves 13 and the fourth vacuum valve 14 maintain a vacuum state in the two working fluid injectors;

Close the first vacuum valve 11 and the second vacuum valve 12, heat the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe 1, the two working fluid injectors and the connecting pipeline, and use the thermometer 5 to detect the temperature of the outer wall to ensure that the temperature of the wall surface is higher than the melting point of the working fluid, and the temperature The regulating device 2 keeps the high temperature pulsating heat pipe 1 warm to ensure that the internal working fluid is completely melted into a liquid state;

Use the molecular pump unit 6 to continuously evacuate the vacuum tank 10 for 30 minutes, open the first vacuum valve 11, and the working medium inside the heat pipe is pumped out to the vacuum tank 10 under the action of the pressure difference, and the first precision balance 8 is used for weighing and pumping out After the quality of the working fluid reaches the demand, close the first vacuum valve 11;

Open the third vacuum valve 13, and the working medium in the first working medium injector 16 is fully charged into the high temperature pulsating heat pipe 1 under the action of the pressure difference;

S2.34. When using the molecular pump unit 6 and the vacuum tank 10 to extract the working fluid, the first vacuum valve 11 should be used to control the quality of the extracted working fluid. If the extracted working fluid is excessive, it needs to be replenished;

The rehydration method includes the following steps:

The second working medium injector 17 and related pipelines are heated and melted, the fourth vacuum valve 14 is opened, and the amount of liquid replenishment is controlled by the fourth vacuum valve 14. Under the action of the pressure difference, the working medium in the second working medium injector 17 is filled. Enter the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe 1, and close the fourth vacuum valve 14 after the amount of liquid replenishment is reached; use hydraulic pliers to clamp off the liquid filling pipe 4 outside the glove box 21, and use electron beams to weld and seal the broken part to complete the adjustment of the working medium. Work.

Example 4

In this embodiment, under the condition that the filling rate is constant, the method for adjusting the concentration of nanoparticles includes the following steps:

S2.31. Calculate according to the high temperature pulsating heat pipe 1 or the existing nanoparticle concentration and target concentration, and obtain the quality of the working fluid that should be extracted and the concentration and quality of the working fluid to be charged;

Connect each device and circulate in the glove box 21 to ensure that the water and oxygen content of the glove box 21 and each part of the system is less than 0.1ppm;

According to the calculation results, configure the working medium to be charged with accurate mass and nanoparticle concentration, place it in the first working medium injector 16 , and configure a small amount of working medium with the same nanoparticle concentration in the heat pipe and place it in the second working medium injector 17 As a preparation, the second precision balance 9 is used to measure the mass change in the second working fluid injector 17; the first working fluid injector 16 and the second working fluid injector 17 are cooled to ensure that their temperature is lower than the melting point;

S2.32. Close all vacuum valves, and pass the upper half of the liquid filling pipe 4 and the top welded sealing part of the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe 1 that has been filled with liquid for the first time in step S16 into the glove box 21 through the vacuum plug 3 to ensure that the inside of the glove box 21 is In a closed environment, use the temperature adjustment device 2 to cool the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe 1, and use the thermometer 5 to measure the temperature of the outer wall of the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe 1 to ensure that the temperature of the outer wall is lower than the melting point of the working medium, and to ensure that the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe 1 is opened when the seal is opened. The internal liquid plug will not be difficult to extract due to the presence of bubbles in the inert gas;

In the glove box 21, the seal is cut off by a pipe cutter, and the upper half of the liquid filling pipe 4 is connected to the spool 20; during this process, the inert gas in the glove box 21 will enter the heat pipe through the liquid filling pipe 4. ;

S2.33. Open all vacuum valves, fill the cold trap 7 with liquid nitrogen, use the molecular pump unit 6 to evacuate the communication part of the entire system, the two working fluid injectors and the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe 1, extract the inert gas, and close the first The three vacuum valves 13 and the fourth vacuum valve 14 maintain a vacuum state in the two working fluid injectors;

Close the first vacuum valve 11 and the second vacuum valve 12, heat the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe 1, the two working fluid injectors and the connecting pipeline, and use the thermometer 5 to detect the temperature of the outer wall to ensure that the temperature of the wall surface is higher than the melting point of the working fluid, and the temperature The regulating device 2 keeps the high temperature pulsating heat pipe 1 warm to ensure that the internal working fluid is completely melted into a liquid state;

Use the molecular pump unit 6 to continuously evacuate the vacuum tank 10 for 30 minutes, open the first vacuum valve 11, and the working medium inside the heat pipe is pumped out to the vacuum tank 10 under the action of the pressure difference, and the first precision balance 8 is used for weighing and pumping out After the quality of the working fluid reaches the demand, close the first vacuum valve 11;

Open the third vacuum valve 13, and the working medium in the first working medium injector 16 is fully charged into the high temperature pulsating heat pipe 1 under the action of the pressure difference;

S2.34. When using the molecular pump unit 6 and the vacuum tank 10 to extract the working fluid, the first vacuum valve 11 should be used to control the quality of the extracted working fluid. If the extracted working fluid is excessive, it needs to be replenished;

The rehydration method includes the following steps:

The second working medium injector 17 and related pipelines are heated and melted, the fourth vacuum valve 14 is opened, and the amount of liquid replenishment is controlled by the fourth vacuum valve 14. Under the action of the pressure difference, the working medium in the second working medium injector 17 is filled. Enter the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe 1, and close the fourth vacuum valve 14 after the fluid replenishment amount is reached; use the hydraulic pliers to clamp off the liquid filling pipe 4 outside the glove box 21, and use the electron beam to weld and seal the clamped part to complete the nanoparticle concentration. Adjustment work.

Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, but not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: The technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments can still be modified, or some or all of the technical features thereof can be equivalently replaced; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention. scope.

Claims (10)

1. a high temperature pulsating heat pipe multiple filling and working medium adjustment method, is characterized in that, comprises the steps: S1. Use the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe for multiple filling and the working medium adjustment device for the first filling; S2. After the first liquid filling is completed, carry out multiple liquid filling and liquid filling rate adjustments according to requirements, or adjustment of working fluid ratio, or adjustment of nanoparticle concentration; The multiple liquid filling and liquid filling rate adjustment include increasing the liquid filling rate and decreasing the liquid filling rate. 2. The method for multiple filling and working medium adjustment of a high-temperature pulsating heat pipe according to claim 1, characterized in that, in step S1, the first liquid filling method comprises the following steps: S11. Connect each device, and circulate the oxygen and water in the glove box (21) to ensure that the water and oxygen contents in the glove box (21) are less than 0.1 ppm; S12, connecting the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe (1) after baking to the lower interface of the spool (20) under the internal oxygen-free condition; S13. The cold trap (7) is filled with liquid nitrogen, the first vacuum valve (11) and the second vacuum valve (12) are opened, the third vacuum valve (13) and the fourth vacuum valve (14) are closed, and the first vacuum valve (11) and the second vacuum valve (12) are closed. 21) Configure the required amount of working medium and load it into the first working medium injector (16); if the melting point of the working medium is lower than the temperature in the glove box (21), use a liquid nitrogen spray gun to inject the first working medium injector (16) The internal working fluid is cooled to ensure that its temperature is lower than the melting point; S14, open the third vacuum valve (13) and the molecular pump unit (6), and pass through the cold trap (7), the first vacuum pipeline (18), the vacuum tank (10), the first vacuum valve (11), the first vacuum valve (11), the The second vacuuming pipeline (19), the spool (20) and the liquid filling pipe (4) evacuate the first working fluid injector (16) and the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe (1), and the vacuum degree is lower than 10 ^-3 Pa and maintained Close the third vacuum valve (13) after two hours; S15. Heating the first working fluid injector (16), the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe (1) and all the connecting pipelines therebetween, using the temperature adjusting device (2) to keep the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe (1) warm, and using the temperature measurement The instrument (5) detects the temperature of the outer wall of the first working medium injector (16), the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe (1) and all connecting pipelines between the two to ensure that the temperature is higher than the melting point of the working medium; S16. Close the first vacuum valve (11) and the second vacuum valve (12), and open the third vacuum valve (13). At this time, the pressure in the glove box (21) is normal atmospheric pressure, and the first working fluid injector (16) The liquid working medium is fully charged into the interior of the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe (1) under the action of the internal and external pressure difference; the liquid-filled pipe (4) outside the glove box (21) is clamped off by hydraulic clamps, and the clamped part is clamped with an electron beam. Welding and sealing is performed to complete the first liquid filling of the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe (1). 3. The method for multiple filling and working medium adjustment of high-temperature pulsating heat pipes according to claim 1, characterized in that, in step S2, under the premise that the working medium type is unchanged, the method for increasing the filling rate comprises the following steps: S2.11. Connect each device and circulate in the glove box (21) to ensure that the water and oxygen content of the glove box (21) and each part of the system is less than 0.1ppm; S2.12. Close all vacuum valves, and pass the upper half of the liquid filling pipe (4) and the top welded sealing part of the high temperature pulsating heat pipe (1) that has been filled with liquid for the first time in step S16 into the glove box (3) through the vacuum plug (3). 21), ensure a closed environment in the glove box (21), use the temperature adjustment device (2) to cool the high temperature pulsating heat pipe (1), and use the thermometer (5) to measure the temperature of the outer wall of the high temperature pulsating heat pipe (1), Ensure that the temperature of the outer wall is lower than the melting point of the working medium, and ensure that when the seal is opened, the liquid plug inside the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe (1) will not be difficult to extract due to the inert gas entering and existing bubbles; In the glove box (21), cut off the seal with a pipe cutter, and connect the upper part of the filling pipe (4) with the cross (20); during this process, the inert gas in the glove box (21) will Enter the inside of the heat pipe through the liquid filling pipe (4); S2.13. Increase the amount of the required working medium according to the filling rate, configure the required amount of working medium in the glove box (21) and put it into the first working medium injector (16) to ensure that its temperature is lower than the melting point; Open the first vacuum valve (11), the second vacuum valve (12) and the third vacuum valve (13), fill the cold trap (7) with liquid nitrogen, use the molecular pump unit (6) to control the entire system and the high temperature pulsating heat pipe (1) Carry out a vacuuming operation to ensure that the gas inside the high temperature pulsating heat pipe (1) is extracted; Heating the first working fluid injector (16) and the pipeline connected to the high temperature pulsating heat pipe (1) to ensure that the wall temperature is higher than the melting point of the working fluid, and closing the first vacuum valve (11) and the second vacuum valve (12) , the third vacuum valve (13) is kept open all the time, the working medium is charged under the action of the pressure difference, the liquid filling pipe (4) outside the glove box (21) is clamped off by hydraulic clamps, and the clamped part is clamped with an electron beam. Weld the seal to complete the increase of the filling rate. 4. The method for multiple filling and working medium adjustment of high temperature pulsating heat pipes according to claim 1, characterized in that, in step S2, under the premise that the type of working medium remains unchanged, the method for reducing the filling rate comprises the following steps: S2.21. Connect each device and circulate in the glove box (21) to ensure that the water and oxygen content of the glove box (21) and each part of the system is less than 0.1 ppm; configure a small amount of the same type of working fluid and put it into the second working fluid injector (17 ) as a preparation, the second precision balance (9) is used to measure the quality change of the working medium in the second working medium syringe (17); the second working medium syringe (17) is cooled and measured with liquid nitrogen to ensure its temperature below the melting point; S2.22. Close all vacuum valves, and pass the upper half of the liquid filling pipe (4) and the top welded sealing part of the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe (1) that has been filled with liquid for the first time in step S16 into the glove box (3) through the vacuum plug (3). 21), ensure a closed environment in the glove box (21), use the temperature adjustment device (2) to cool the high temperature pulsating heat pipe (1), and use the thermometer (5) to measure the temperature of the outer wall of the high temperature pulsating heat pipe (1), Ensure that the temperature of the outer wall is lower than the melting point of the working medium, and ensure that when the seal is opened, the liquid plug inside the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe (1) will not be difficult to extract due to the inert gas entering and existing bubbles; In the glove box (21), cut off the seal with a pipe cutter, and connect the upper part of the filling pipe (4) with the cross (20); during this process, the inert gas in the glove box (21) will Enter the inside of the heat pipe through the liquid filling pipe (4); S2.23. Open the first vacuum valve (11), the second vacuum valve (12) and the fourth vacuum valve (14), fill the cold trap (7) with liquid nitrogen, and use the molecular pump unit (6) to control the entire system The connected part, the second working medium injector (17) and the high temperature pulsating heat pipe (1) are vacuumed, the inert gas is drawn out, the fourth vacuum valve (14) is closed, and the second working medium injector (17) is kept in a vacuum state; Close the first vacuum valve (11) and the second vacuum valve (12), heat the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe (1) and the pipeline between the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe (1) and the vacuum tank (10), and use the thermometer (5). ) to detect the temperature of the outer wall of the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe (1), and use the temperature adjustment device (2) to keep the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe (1) warm to ensure that the internal working fluid is melted into a liquid state. At this time, the working fluid inside the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe (1) is liquid; Use the molecular pump unit (6) to continuously evacuate the vacuum tank (10) for 30 minutes, open the first vacuum valve (11), and the working medium inside the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe (1) is pumped out to the vacuum tank (1) under the action of the pressure difference. 10), the first precision balance (8) is used to weigh the quality of the extracted working medium, and after reaching the demand, close the first vacuum valve (11); S2.24. Since the molecular pump unit (6) and the vacuum tank (10) are used to extract the working fluid, the first vacuum valve (11) is used to control the amount of extraction. When the extraction of the working fluid is excessive, the second working fluid needs to be The syringe (17) and related pipelines are heated and melted. After the vacuuming in step S33 is completed, the first vacuum valve (11) and the second vacuum valve (12) are closed, and the fourth vacuum valve (14) is opened. Then, the working medium in the second working medium injector (17) is supplemented into the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe (1), the supplementary mass is weighed by the second precision balance (9), and the fourth vacuum valve (14) is closed immediately to ensure that all liquid filling rate; Use hydraulic pliers to cut off the liquid filling pipe (4) outside the glove box (21), and use electron beams to weld and seal the cut part to complete the work of reducing the filling rate. 5. The method for multiple filling and working fluid adjustment of high-temperature pulsating heat pipes according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, under the condition that the filling rate is constant, the working fluid ratio or the method for adjusting the concentration of nanoparticles comprises the following steps: Follow the steps below: S2.31. Calculate according to the ratio of the existing working fluid composition and the target composition ratio or the existing nanoparticle concentration and target concentration in the high temperature pulsating heat pipe (1), and obtain the working fluid quality that should be extracted and the working fluid composition to be charged ratio or concentration, and mass; Connect each device and circulate in the glove box (21) to ensure that the water and oxygen content of the glove box (21) and each part of the system is less than 0.1ppm; According to the calculation results, configure the working medium to be charged with the exact mass and ratio or nanoparticle concentration, place it in the first working medium injector (16), and configure a small amount of the working medium with the same proportion or nanoparticle concentration in the heat pipe and place it in the first working medium injector (16). In the second working medium injector (17) as a preparation, the second precision balance (9) is used to measure the mass change in the second working medium injector (17); for the first working medium injector (16) and the second working medium injector (17) cooling is carried out to ensure that its temperature is lower than the melting point; S2.32. Close all vacuum valves, and pass the upper half of the liquid filling pipe (4) and the top welded sealing part of the high temperature pulsating heat pipe (1) that has been filled with liquid for the first time in step S16 into the glove box (3) through the vacuum plug (3). 21), ensure a closed environment in the glove box (21), use a temperature adjustment device to cool the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe (1), and use a thermometer (5) to measure the temperature of the outer wall of the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe (1) to ensure the temperature of the outer wall. The temperature is lower than the melting point of the working medium to ensure that when the seal is opened, the liquid plug inside the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe (1) will not be difficult to extract due to the entry of inert gas and the existence of bubbles; In the glove box (21), cut off the seal with a pipe cutter, and connect the upper part of the filling pipe (4) with the cross (20); during this process, the inert gas in the glove box (21) will Enter the inside of the heat pipe through the liquid filling pipe (4); S2.33. Open all vacuum valves, fill the cold trap (7) with liquid nitrogen, and use the molecular pump unit (6) to evacuate the communication part of the entire system, the two working fluid injectors and the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe (1), Draw out the inert gas, close the third vacuum valve (13) and the fourth vacuum valve (14), and keep the vacuum state in the two working medium injectors; Close the first vacuum valve (11) and the second vacuum valve (12), heat the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe (1), the two working fluid injectors and the connecting pipeline, and use the thermometer (5) to detect the temperature of the outer wall to ensure that the wall surface When the temperature is higher than the melting point of the working medium, the temperature regulating device (2) is used to keep the high temperature pulsating heat pipe (1) insulated to ensure that all the internal working medium is melted into a liquid state; The vacuum tank (10) is continuously evacuated for 30 minutes by using the molecular pump unit (6), the first vacuum valve (11) is opened, and the working medium inside the heat pipe is pumped out to the vacuum tank (10) under the action of the pressure difference, and the first vacuum valve (11) is opened. The precision balance (8) is used to weigh the quality of the extracted working medium, and when the demand is met, the first vacuum valve (11) is closed; Open the third vacuum valve (13), and the working medium in the first working medium injector (16) is fully charged into the high temperature pulsating heat pipe (1) under the action of the pressure difference; S2.34. When using the molecular pump unit (6) and the vacuum tank (10) to pump out the working fluid, the first vacuum valve (11) should be used to control the quality of the pumped working fluid. If the pumped working fluid is excessive, it needs to be replenished; The rehydration method includes the following steps: The second working fluid injector (17) and related pipelines are heated and melted, the fourth vacuum valve (14) is opened, and the amount of liquid replenishment is controlled by the fourth vacuum valve (14), under the action of the pressure difference, the second working fluid injector The working fluid in (17) is filled into the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe (1), and after the fluid replenishment amount is reached, the fourth vacuum valve (14) is closed; the fluid-filling pipe (4) outside the glove box (21) is clamped off with hydraulic pliers , use the electron beam to weld and seal the broken part of the clamp to complete the adjustment of the concentration of the working fluid or nanoparticles. 6. A high-temperature pulsating heat pipe multiple filling and working medium adjustment device, used in the above method, characterized in that it comprises: a glove box (21), a liquid filling pipe (4), and a glove box (21) outside the glove box (21). A molecular pump unit (6), a gas cylinder (22) for supplying gas to a glove box, a cold trap (7), a high temperature pulsating heat pipe (1), a temperature adjustment device (2) and a thermometer (5), wherein the The glove box (21) is a sealed box structure; The glove box (21) is provided with a spool (20), at least two liquid pipelines, at least three vacuuming pipelines, at least four vacuum valves, at least two working medium syringes, at least two precision balances, and a vacuum a temperature measuring device (15), a vacuum tank (10) and a liquid nitrogen spray gun; a vacuum plug (3) is provided on the box body of the glove box (21); The molecular pump unit (6) is connected to the cold trap (7), the cold trap (7) is connected to the vacuum tank (10) through the vacuum pumping pipeline, and the lower part of the vacuum tank (10) equipped with the precision balance; The temperature adjustment device (2) is wrapped on the outside of the high temperature pulsating heat pipe (1), and the high temperature pulsating heat pipe (1) is connected to an end of the liquid filling pipe (4) located outside the glove box (21) , the liquid filling pipe (4) extends into the glove box (21) through the vacuum plug (3), and the connection part between the liquid filling pipe (4) and the vacuum plug (3) is sealed, so The other end of the liquid filling pipe (4) is located inside the glove box (21) and is connected with the spool (20); In the glove box (21), at least two of the vacuuming pipelines, the liquid filling pipeline (4) and the at least two liquid pipelines are connected together through the cross (20), and the The vacuuming pipeline is also connected to the vacuum tank (10) and the vacuum gauge (15) respectively through the vacuum valve, and each of the liquid pipelines is connected to each of the working fluid injectors through the vacuum valve, at least The precision balance is placed under one of the working fluid injectors; The glove box (21) is sealedly connected to the cold trap (7) through the vacuuming pipeline; The glove box (21) ensures the inert gas environment in the box through internal circulation. 7. The high-temperature pulsating heat pipe multiple filling and working medium adjustment device according to claim 6, wherein the glove box (21) is provided with two liquid pipelines, three vacuuming pipelines, four A vacuum valve, two working medium syringes, and two precision balances, wherein the two liquid pipelines are a first liquid pipeline (24) and a second liquid pipeline (25) respectively, and the three vacuuming pipelines are They are the first vacuuming pipeline (18), the second vacuuming pipeline (19) and the third vacuuming pipeline (23), and the four vacuum valves are the first vacuum valve (11), the second vacuum valve ( 12), the third vacuum valve (13) and the fourth vacuum valve (14), the two working medium injectors are the first working medium injector (16) and the second working medium injector (17) respectively, the two The precision balances are respectively the first precision balance (8) and the second precision balance (9); The four-way (20) has four interfaces, which are a first interface (201), a second interface (202), a third interface (203) and a fourth interface (204); One side of the first evacuation pipeline (18) is located outside the glove box (21) and is connected to the cold trap (7), and the other side of the first evacuation pipeline (18) is located in the The inside of the glove box (21) is connected to the vacuum tank (10), and the first precision balance (8) is placed under the vacuum tank (10); one side of the second vacuum pipe (19) is connected to the vacuum tank (10), the other side is connected to the first interface (201) of the four-way (20), and the first vacuum valve (11) is arranged on the second vacuum line (19) ), one side of the third evacuation pipeline (23) is connected with the vacuum gauge (15), and the other side is collected on the second evacuation pipeline (19) with the spool (20) The first interface (201) of the pump is connected, the second vacuum valve (12) is arranged on the third vacuum pipeline (23); the third vacuum valve (13) is arranged on the first liquid pipeline (24), two sides of the first liquid pipeline (24) are respectively connected with the first working fluid injector (16) and the second interface (202) of the spool (20). Four vacuum valves (14) are arranged on the second liquid pipeline (25), and two sides of the second liquid pipeline (25) are respectively connected with the second working fluid injector (17) and the four-way The third interface (203) of (20) is connected, and the second precision balance (9) is placed under the second working medium injector (17); the fourth interface (204) of the spool (20) is connected to The liquid filling pipes (4) are connected. 8. The device for multiple filling and working medium adjustment of high temperature pulsating heat pipes according to claim 6, characterized in that, the filling rate of the first filling of the high temperature pulsating heat pipes (1) ranges from 15% to 85%, and more The adjustment range of the filling rate of the sub-filling liquid is 15% to 85%; The high temperature pulsating heat pipe (1) is a tubular high temperature pulsating heat pipe, a plate type high temperature pulsating heat pipe, a special-shaped high temperature pulsating heat pipe or a high temperature pulsating heat pipe heat exchanger. 9. The high-temperature pulsating heat pipe multiple filling and working medium adjusting device according to claim 6 or 8, wherein the working medium of the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe (1) is sodium metal, or potassium metal, or lithium metal , metal rubidium, or metal cesium, or sodium-potassium alloys with different proportions, or liquid metal nanofluids with different mass fractions. 10. The high-temperature pulsating heat pipe multiple filling and working medium adjusting device according to claim 9, wherein the pipe material of the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe (1) is a kind of stainless steel, nickel-based alloy or Inconel nickel-based alloy , or a combination of more than one.

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