CN111750714A - Device and method for multiple filling and working medium adjusting of high-temperature pulsating heat pipe - Google Patents

Device and method for multiple filling and working medium adjusting of high-temperature pulsating heat pipe Download PDF

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CN111750714A
CN111750714A CN202010546689.3A CN202010546689A CN111750714A CN 111750714 A CN111750714 A CN 111750714A CN 202010546689 A CN202010546689 A CN 202010546689A CN 111750714 A CN111750714 A CN 111750714A
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working medium
temperature
heat pipe
liquid
vacuum
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CN111750714B (en
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纪玉龙
吴梦珂
冯艳民
常超
王哲
肖秀
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Dalian Maritime University
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Dalian Maritime University
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
    • F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
    • F28D15/0283—Means for filling or sealing heat pipes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
    • F17D1/00—Pipe-line systems
    • F17D1/08—Pipe-line systems for liquids or viscous products
    • F17D1/084—Pipe-line systems for liquids or viscous products for hot fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
    • F17D3/00—Arrangements for supervising or controlling working operations
    • F17D3/01—Arrangements for supervising or controlling working operations for controlling, signalling, or supervising the conveyance of a product

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a device and a method for multiple filling of a high-temperature pulsating heat pipe and adjustment of a working medium, wherein the device comprises a glove box, a liquid filling pipe, a molecular pump unit, a gas cylinder for supplying gas to the glove box, a cold trap, the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe, a temperature adjusting device and a temperature measuring instrument, wherein the glove box is of a sealed box structure; a four-way joint, at least two liquid pipelines, at least three vacuumizing pipelines, at least four vacuum valves, at least two working medium injectors, at least two precision balances, a vacuum gauge, a vacuum tank, a temperature measuring device and a liquid nitrogen spray gun are arranged in the glove box; a vacuum plug is arranged on the glove box body; the molecular pump unit is connected with a cold trap, the cold trap is connected with a vacuum tank through a vacuum pumping pipeline, and a precision balance is arranged below the vacuum tank. The invention can optimize the first liquid filling process, so that the first liquid filling process is more accurate and convenient; multiple times of liquid filling and liquid filling rate adjustment can be realized; the working medium proportion adjustment or the nano-particle concentration adjustment can be realized under the condition of unchanged liquid filling rate.

Description

Device and method for multiple filling and working medium adjusting of high-temperature pulsating heat pipe
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of pulsating heat pipe research, in particular to a device and a method for multiple filling and working medium adjusting of a high-temperature pulsating heat pipe.
Background
The pulsating heat pipe is a heat transfer element proposed by Akachi in the early 90 s of the 20 th century. The pulsating heat pipe drives the working medium to oscillate and flow in the pipe by utilizing the pressure difference between a liquid plug and an air plug which are formed in the pipe by the working medium after being heated, thereby realizing the high-efficiency transfer of heat. Compared with the traditional heat pipe, the heat pipe has the advantages of simple structure, strong heat transfer capability, good antigravity operation effect and the like. At present, the research on the pulsating heat pipe mainly focuses on the temperature regions of normal temperature (0-200 ℃) and low temperature (270-0 ℃), and the research on the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe with the working temperature of more than 500 ℃ is less.
The high-temperature pulsating heat pipe takes liquid metal as a working medium, and the preparation of the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe meets the requirements of high vacuum in the pipe, no oxidation configuration of the liquid metal, strong high-temperature tolerance and the like. From the perspective of safety, the easy explosion-proof property of the sodium-potassium alloy and the high-strength packaging of the heat pipe can further improve the manufacturing difficulty of the heat pipe. Because the high-temperature pulsation heat pipe is made of high-temperature-resistant stainless steel, the early preparation process is complex and the cost is high. The factors influencing the heat transfer performance of the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe are more, and other factors are required to be the same in the process of researching the influence of the liquid filling rate and the working medium on the heat transfer performance, but in the previous research, only single liquid filling can be realized for each high-temperature pulsating heat pipe, and a plurality of high-temperature pulsating heat pipes are usually required for researching the influence of a certain influence factor on the heat transfer performance of each high-temperature pulsating heat pipe, but because the plurality of high-temperature pulsating heat pipes are different, the heat transfer performance is caused to have errors, so that in order to save the cost and ensure the accuracy of the test, multiple filling and working medium adjustment can be realized on one high.
The liquid filling device of the liquid metal high-temperature pulsating heat pipe in the prior art has the following defects: (1) only single liquid filling can be realized, multiple filling can not be carried out, and the components and proportion of internal working media can not be adjusted; (2) the liquid metal working medium has higher viscosity and surface tension, the liquid filling amount is manually controlled by a vacuum valve in the liquid filling process, when the opening of the vacuum valve is smaller, the working medium cannot move, and when the opening is larger, the liquid filling speed is faster and is not easy to control, so that insufficient or excessive filling is caused; (3) excessive sodium-potassium alloy working medium needs to be configured, and the remaining working medium after liquid filling is difficult to process. Therefore, the invention discloses a method for effectively charging liquid and adjusting working media for a high-temperature pulsating heat pipe for multiple times, which is the basis for realizing the application of the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe.
Disclosure of Invention
According to the technical problems that the conventional liquid filling device for the liquid metal high-temperature pulsating heat pipe cannot perform multiple filling and cannot adjust the components and proportion of an internal working medium, the multiple filling and working medium adjusting device and method for the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe are provided. The invention mainly utilizes the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe multiple filling and working medium adjusting device, thereby optimizing the first liquid filling process and ensuring that the first liquid filling process is more accurate and convenient; the multiple liquid filling and liquid filling rate adjustment is realized, and the liquid filling rate is increased or reduced; the working medium proportion adjustment or the nano-particle concentration adjustment is realized under the condition of unchanged liquid filling rate.
The technical means adopted by the invention are as follows:
a method for multiple filling and working medium adjustment of a high-temperature pulsating heat pipe comprises the following steps:
s1, using a high-temperature pulsating heat pipe for multiple filling and working medium adjusting device to carry out first liquid filling;
s2, after the first liquid filling is completed, carrying out multiple liquid filling and liquid filling rate adjustment, or working medium proportion adjustment, or nano particle concentration adjustment according to requirements;
the multiple fill and fill rate adjustment includes increasing the fill rate and decreasing the fill rate.
Further, in step S1, the first liquid filling method includes the following steps:
s11, connecting each device, and circularly removing oxygen and water in the glove box to ensure that the content of water and oxygen in the glove box is less than 0.1 ppm;
s12, connecting the liquid filling pipe with a lower connector of the four-way pipe under the internal oxygen-free condition of the baked high-temperature pulsating heat pipe;
s13, filling liquid nitrogen into the cold trap, opening the first vacuum valve and the second vacuum valve, closing the third vacuum valve and the fourth vacuum valve, configuring required amount of working medium in the glove box and loading the working medium into the first working medium injector; if the melting point of the working medium is lower than the temperature in the glove box, cooling the working medium in the first working medium injector by using a liquid nitrogen spray gun, and ensuring that the temperature is lower than the melting point;
s14, opening a third vacuum valve and a molecular pump unit, and sequentially vacuumizing a first working medium injector and a high-temperature pulsating heat pipe through a cold trap, a first vacuumizing pipeline, a vacuum tank, a first vacuum valve, a second vacuumizing pipeline, a four-way joint and a liquid filling pipe, wherein the vacuum degree is lower than 10-3Pa, keeping for two hours, and then closing a third vacuum valve;
s15, heating the first working medium injector, the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe and all connecting pipelines between the first working medium injector and the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe, preserving heat of the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe by using a temperature adjusting device, and detecting the temperature of the outer walls of the first working medium injector, the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe and all connecting pipelines between the first working medium injector and the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe by using a temperature measuring instrument to ensure that the temperature is higher than the melting point of the working;
s16, closing the first vacuum valve and the second vacuum valve, opening the third vacuum valve, wherein the pressure in the glove box is normal atmospheric pressure, and the liquid working medium in the first working medium injector is completely filled into the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe under the action of the internal and external pressure difference; and (3) cutting off the liquid filling pipe outside the glove box by using hydraulic pliers, and welding and sealing the cut part by using electron beams to finish the first liquid filling of the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe.
Further, in step S2, on the premise that the kind of the working medium is not changed, the method for increasing the liquid filling rate includes the following steps:
s2.11, connecting all the devices, and circulating in the glove box to ensure that the oxygen content of water in the glove box and all parts of the system is less than 0.1 ppm;
s2.12, closing all vacuum valves, leading the upper half part and the top welding sealing part of the liquid charging pipe of the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe which completes the first liquid charging in the step S16 into the glove box through a vacuum plug, ensuring the closed environment in the glove box, cooling the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe by using a temperature adjusting device, measuring the temperature of the outer wall surface of the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe by using a temperature measuring instrument, ensuring that the temperature of the outer wall is lower than the melting point of a working medium, and ensuring that the liquid plug in the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe cannot enter the liquid plug with bubbles and be difficult to extract due to inert gas when the;
the seal is cut off in the glove box through a pipe cutter, and the upper half part of the liquid charging pipe is connected with the four-way joint; in the process, inert gas in the glove box can enter the heat pipe through the liquid charging pipe;
s2.13, increasing the amount of the required working medium according to the liquid filling rate, configuring the required amount of the working medium in the glove box, and filling the required amount of the working medium into a first working medium injector to ensure that the temperature of the working medium injector is lower than the melting point;
opening a first vacuum valve, a second vacuum valve and a third vacuum valve, filling liquid nitrogen into the cold trap, and performing vacuum pumping operation on the whole system and the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe by using a molecular pump unit to ensure that gas in the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe is pumped out;
heating a first working medium injector and a pipeline connected with the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe to ensure that the temperature of the wall surface is higher than the melting point of the working medium, closing a first vacuum valve and a second vacuum valve, keeping a third vacuum valve open all the time, filling the working medium under the action of pressure difference, using hydraulic tongs to clamp off a liquid filling pipe outside the glove box, using an electron beam to weld and seal the clamped part, and completing the liquid filling rate increasing work.
Further, in step S2, on the premise that the kind of the working medium is not changed, the method for reducing the liquid filling rate includes the following steps:
s2.21, connecting all the devices, and circulating in the glove box to ensure that the water oxygen content of all parts of the glove box and the system is less than 0.1 ppm; a small amount of working media of the same type are arranged in a second working medium injector to be prepared, and a second precision balance is used for measuring the mass change of the working media in the second working medium injector; cooling the second working medium injector by using liquid nitrogen and measuring the temperature to ensure that the temperature is lower than the melting point;
s2.22, closing all vacuum valves, leading the upper half part and the top welding sealing part of the liquid charging pipe of the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe which completes the first liquid charging in the step S16 into the glove box through a vacuum plug, ensuring the closed environment in the glove box, cooling the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe by using a temperature adjusting device, measuring the temperature of the outer wall surface of the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe by using a temperature measuring instrument, ensuring that the temperature of the outer wall is lower than the melting point of a working medium, and ensuring that the liquid plug in the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe cannot enter the liquid plug with bubbles and be difficult to extract due to inert gas when the;
the seal is cut off in the glove box through a pipe cutter, and the upper half part of the liquid charging pipe is connected with the four-way joint; in the process, inert gas in the glove box can enter the heat pipe through the liquid charging pipe;
s2.23, opening a first vacuum valve, a second vacuum valve and a fourth vacuum valve, filling liquid nitrogen into the cold trap, performing vacuumizing operation on the whole system communication part, a second working medium injector and the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe by using a molecular pump unit, extracting inert gas, closing the fourth vacuum valve, and keeping the second working medium injector in a vacuum state;
closing the first vacuum valve and the second vacuum valve, heating the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe and a pipeline between the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe and the vacuum tank, detecting the temperature of the outer wall of the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe by using a temperature measuring instrument, preserving the heat of the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe by using a temperature adjusting device, and ensuring that the internal working medium is melted into a liquid state, wherein the internal working medium of the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe is all in the liquid state at the moment;
continuously vacuumizing the vacuum tank for 30 minutes by using a molecular pump unit, opening a first vacuum valve, pumping the working medium in the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe to the vacuum tank under the action of pressure difference, weighing the mass of the pumped working medium by using a first precision balance, and closing the first vacuum valve after the requirement is met;
s2.24, because the molecular pump unit and the vacuum tank are used for pumping the working medium, the first vacuum valve is used for controlling the pumping amount, when the pumping working medium is excessive, the second working medium injector and related pipelines need to be heated and melted, after the pumping in the step S33 is finished, the first vacuum valve and the second vacuum valve are closed, the fourth vacuum valve is opened, the working medium in the second working medium injector is supplemented into the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe under the action of pressure difference, the supplemented mass is weighed by the second precision balance, and the fourth vacuum valve is immediately closed, so that the required liquid filling rate is ensured;
and (3) cutting off the liquid filling pipe outside the glove box by using a hydraulic clamp, and welding and sealing the cut part by using an electron beam to finish the work of reducing the liquid filling rate.
Further, in step S2, under the condition that the liquid filling rate is not changed, the method for adjusting the working medium ratio or the concentration of the nanoparticles includes the following steps:
s2.31, calculating according to the proportion of the existing working medium components in the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe and the proportion of the target components or the concentration of the existing nano particles and the target concentration to obtain the mass of the working medium to be extracted, the proportion or the concentration of the working medium components to be charged and the mass of the working medium to be extracted;
connecting all the devices, and circulating in the glove box to ensure that the oxygen content of water in the glove box and all parts of the system is less than 0.1 ppm;
according to the calculation result, working media to be filled with accurate mass and proportion or nanoparticle concentration are configured and placed in a first working medium injector, a small amount of working media with the same proportion or nanoparticle concentration as those in the heat pipe are configured and placed in a second working medium injector for preparation, and a second precision balance is used for measuring mass change in the second working medium injector; cooling the first working medium injector and the second working medium injector to ensure that the temperature is lower than the melting point;
s2.32, closing all vacuum valves, leading the upper half part and the top welding sealing part of the liquid charging pipe of the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe which completes the first liquid charging in the step S16 into the glove box through a vacuum plug, ensuring the closed environment in the glove box, cooling the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe by using a temperature adjusting device, measuring the temperature of the outer wall surface of the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe by using a temperature measuring instrument, ensuring that the temperature of the outer wall is lower than the melting point of a working medium, and ensuring that the liquid plug in the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe cannot enter the liquid plug with bubbles and be difficult to extract due to inert gas when the;
the seal is cut off in the glove box through a pipe cutter, and the upper half part of the liquid charging pipe is connected with the four-way joint; in the process, inert gas in the glove box can enter the heat pipe through the liquid charging pipe;
s2.33, opening all vacuum valves, filling liquid nitrogen in the cold trap, performing vacuum pumping operation on the communication part of the whole system, the two working medium injectors and the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe by using a molecular pump unit, pumping out inert gas, closing the third vacuum valve and the fourth vacuum valve, and keeping the two working medium injectors in a vacuum state;
closing the first vacuum valve and the second vacuum valve, heating the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe, the two working medium injectors and the communication pipeline, detecting the temperature of the outer wall by using a temperature measuring instrument, ensuring that the temperature of the wall surface is higher than the melting point of the working medium, preserving the heat of the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe by using a temperature regulating device, and ensuring that the internal working medium is completely melted into a liquid state;
continuously vacuumizing the vacuum tank for 30 minutes by using a molecular pump unit, opening a first vacuum valve, pumping the working medium in the heat pipe to the vacuum tank under the action of pressure difference, weighing the mass of the pumped working medium by using a first precision balance, and closing the first vacuum valve after the requirement is met;
opening the third vacuum valve, and completely filling the working medium in the first working medium injector into the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe under the action of pressure difference;
s2.34, when the molecular pump unit and the vacuum tank are used for pumping the working medium, the first vacuum valve is used for controlling the quality of the pumped working medium, and if the pumped working medium is excessive, liquid supplementing is needed;
the liquid supplementing method comprises the following steps:
heating and melting the second working medium injector and the related pipeline, opening a fourth vacuum valve, controlling the liquid supplement amount through the fourth vacuum valve, filling the working medium in the second working medium injector into the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe under the action of differential pressure, and closing the fourth vacuum valve after the liquid supplement amount is reached; and (3) using hydraulic pliers to clamp off the liquid-filled pipe outside the glove box, and using electron beams to weld and seal the clamped part to finish the work of adjusting the concentration of the working medium or the nanoparticles.
The invention also provides a device for multiple filling and working medium adjusting of the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe, which is applied to the method and comprises the following steps: the device comprises a glove box, a liquid charging pipe, a molecular pump unit positioned outside the glove box, a gas cylinder for supplying gas to the glove box, a cold trap, a high-temperature pulsating heat pipe, a temperature adjusting device and a temperature measuring instrument, wherein the glove box is of a sealed box structure;
a four-way joint, at least two liquid pipelines, at least three vacuumizing pipelines, at least four vacuum valves, at least two working medium injectors, at least two precision balances, a vacuum gauge, a vacuum tank, a temperature measuring device and a liquid nitrogen spray gun are arranged in the glove box; a vacuum plug is arranged on the glove box body;
the molecular pump unit is connected with the cold trap, the cold trap is connected with the vacuum tank through the vacuumizing pipeline, and the precision balance is arranged below the vacuum tank;
the temperature adjusting device is wrapped outside the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe, the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe is connected with one end, located outside the glove box, of the liquid charging pipe, the liquid charging pipe extends into the glove box through the vacuum plug, the connection position of the liquid charging pipe and the vacuum plug is guaranteed to be sealed, and the other end of the liquid charging pipe is located inside the glove box and connected with the four-way joint;
in the glove box, at least two vacuumizing pipelines, the liquid filling pipe and at least two liquid pipelines are connected together through a four-way joint, the vacuumizing pipelines are further connected with the vacuum tank and the vacuum gauge through the vacuum valve respectively, each liquid pipeline is connected with each working medium injector through the vacuum valve, and the precision balance is arranged below at least one working medium injector;
the glove box is connected with the cold trap in a sealing mode through the vacuumizing pipeline;
the glove box ensures an inert gas environment within the box through internal circulation.
Furthermore, two liquid pipelines, three vacuumizing pipelines, four vacuum valves, two working medium injectors and two precision balances are arranged in the glove box, wherein the two liquid pipelines are respectively a first liquid pipeline and a second liquid pipeline, the three vacuumizing pipelines are respectively a first vacuumizing pipeline, a second vacuumizing pipeline and a third vacuumizing pipeline, the four vacuum valves are respectively a first vacuum valve, a second vacuum valve, a third vacuum valve and a fourth vacuum valve, the two working medium injectors are respectively a first working medium injector and a second working medium injector, and the two precision balances are respectively a first precision balance and a second precision balance;
the four-way connector is provided with four interfaces which are a first interface, a second interface, a third interface and a fourth interface respectively;
one side of the first vacuumizing pipeline is positioned outside the glove box and connected with the cold trap, the other side of the first vacuumizing pipeline is positioned inside the glove box and connected with the vacuum tank, and the first precision balance is arranged below the vacuum tank; one side of the second vacuum-pumping pipeline is connected with the vacuum tank, the other side of the second vacuum-pumping pipeline is connected with the first interface of the four-way valve, the first vacuum valve is arranged on the second vacuum-pumping pipeline, one side of the third vacuum-pumping pipeline is connected with the vacuum gauge, the other side of the third vacuum-pumping pipeline is converged on the second vacuum-pumping pipeline and is connected with the first interface of the four-way valve, and the second vacuum valve is arranged on the third vacuum-pumping pipeline; the third vacuum valve is arranged on the first liquid pipeline, two sides of the first liquid pipeline are respectively connected with the first working medium injector and the second interface of the four-way joint, the fourth vacuum valve is arranged on the second liquid pipeline, two sides of the second liquid pipeline are respectively connected with the second working medium injector and the third interface of the four-way joint, and the second precision balance is arranged below the second working medium injector; and the fourth interface of the four-way valve is connected with the liquid charging pipe.
Furthermore, the liquid filling rate range of the first liquid filling of the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe is 15-85%, and the liquid filling rate adjusting range of the multiple liquid filling is 15-85%;
the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe is a tubular high-temperature pulsating heat pipe, a plate-type high-temperature pulsating heat pipe, a special-shaped high-temperature pulsating heat pipe or a high-temperature pulsating heat pipe heat exchanger and the like.
Furthermore, the working medium of the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe is metal sodium, metal potassium, metal lithium, metal rubidium, metal cesium, sodium-potassium alloys with different proportions, or liquid metal nanofluids with different mass fractions.
Further, the pipe of the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe is one of stainless steel, nickel-based alloy or Inconel nickel-based alloy, or a combination of more than one of stainless steel, nickel-based alloy and Inconel nickel-based alloy.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention provides a device and a method for realizing multiple filling and working medium adjustment of a high-temperature pulsating heat pipe, and provides a device for realizing multiple filling of the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe, which optimizes a first filling process and enables the first filling process to be more accurate and convenient.
2. The device and the method for multiple filling and working medium adjusting of the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe can realize multiple filling and filling rate adjustment, and increase or decrease the filling rate on the premise of not changing the type of the working medium.
3. The device and the method for multiple filling and working medium adjusting of the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe can realize working medium proportion adjustment and nanoparticle concentration adjustment under the condition of unchanged filling rate.
4. The device and the method for multiple filling and working medium adjusting of the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe do not need to use a vacuum valve to manually control the working medium filling amount, and the filling is more accurate.
5. The device and the method for multiple filling and working medium adjusting of the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe do not need to be configured with excessive working medium, do not generate a large amount of residual situations, avoid waste and are safer and more convenient.
6. According to the device and the method for multiple filling and working medium adjusting of the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe, the vacuum gauge is closer to the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe, and the vacuum degree measurement is more accurate.
In conclusion, the technical scheme of the invention can solve the problems that the liquid filling technology of the liquid metal high-temperature pulsating heat pipe cannot perform multiple filling and cannot adjust the components and proportion of the internal working medium.
Based on the reason, the invention can be widely popularized in the field of heat transfer using the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for multiple filling and working medium adjustment of a high-temperature pulsating heat pipe according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a high temperature pulsating heat pipe; 2. a temperature adjustment device; 3. a vacuum plug; 4. a liquid filling pipe; 5. a temperature measuring instrument; 6. a molecular pump unit; 7. cold trap; 8. a first precision balance; 9. a second precision balance; 10. a vacuum tank; 11. a first vacuum valve; 12. a second vacuum valve; 13. a third vacuum valve; 14. a fourth vacuum valve; 15. a vacuum gauge; 16. a first working medium injector; 17. a second working medium injector; 18. a first evacuation line; 19. a second vacuum pumping pipeline; 20. four-way connection; 201. a first interface; 202. a second interface; 203. a third interface; 204. a fourth interface; 21. a glove box; 22. a gas cylinder; 23. a third vacuum pumping pipeline; 24. a first liquid line; 25. a second liquid line.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
The relative arrangement of the components and steps, the numerical expressions and numerical values set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention unless specifically stated otherwise. Meanwhile, it should be understood that the sizes of the respective portions shown in the drawings are not drawn in an actual proportional relationship for the convenience of description. Techniques, methods, and apparatus known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail but are intended to be part of the specification where appropriate. Any specific values in all examples shown and discussed herein are to be construed as exemplary only and not as limiting. Thus, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, further discussion thereof is not required in subsequent figures.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the directional terms such as "front, rear, upper, lower, left, right", "lateral, vertical, horizontal" and "top, bottom", etc., are generally based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are used for convenience of description and simplicity of description only, and in the absence of any contrary indication, these directional terms are not intended to indicate and imply that the device or element so referred to must have a particular orientation or be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope of the present invention: the terms "inner and outer" refer to the inner and outer relative to the profile of the respective component itself.
Spatially relative terms, such as "above … …," "above … …," "above … …," "above," and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe one device or feature's spatial relationship to another device or feature as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if a device in the figures is turned over, devices described as "above" or "on" other devices or configurations would then be oriented "below" or "under" the other devices or configurations. Thus, the exemplary term "above … …" can include both an orientation of "above … …" and "below … …". The device may be otherwise variously oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.
It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", and the like are used to define the components, and are only used for convenience of distinguishing the corresponding components, and the terms have no special meanings unless otherwise stated, and therefore, the scope of the present invention should not be construed as being limited.
As shown in fig. 1, the invention provides a device for multiple filling and working medium adjustment of a high-temperature pulsating heat pipe, comprising: the device comprises a glove box 21, a liquid charging pipe 4, a molecular pump unit 6 positioned outside the glove box 21, an air bottle 22 for supplying air to the glove box, a cold trap 7, a high-temperature pulsating heat pipe 1, a temperature adjusting device 2 and a temperature measuring instrument 5, wherein the glove box 21 is of a sealed box structure; the molecular pump unit 6 is used for vacuumizing the whole system, and the cold trap 7 is used for protecting the molecular pump unit 6.
A four-way valve 20, at least two liquid pipelines, at least three vacuumizing pipelines, at least four vacuum valves, at least two working medium injectors, at least two precision balances, a vacuum gauge 15, a vacuum tank 10, a temperature measuring device and a liquid nitrogen spray gun are arranged in the glove box 21; a vacuum plug 3 is arranged on the box body of the glove box 21; the vacuum gauge 15 is used to measure the internal vacuum of the system.
The molecular pump unit 6 is connected with the cold trap 7, the cold trap 7 is connected with the vacuum tank 10 through the vacuumizing pipeline, and the precision balance is arranged below the vacuum tank 10.
The temperature adjusting device 2 is wrapped outside the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe 1, the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe 1 is connected with one end, located outside the glove box 21, of the liquid charging pipe 4, the liquid charging pipe 4 extends into the glove box 21 through the vacuum plug 3, the connection portion of the liquid charging pipe 4 and the vacuum plug 3 is guaranteed to be sealed, and the other end of the liquid charging pipe 4 is located inside the glove box 21 and connected with the four-way joint 20.
In the glove box 21, at least two vacuumizing pipelines, the liquid charging pipe 4 and at least two liquid pipelines are connected together through the four-way joint 20, the vacuumizing pipelines are further connected with the vacuum tank 10 and the vacuum gauge 15 through the vacuum valve respectively, each liquid pipeline is connected with each working medium injector through the vacuum valve, and the precision balance is arranged below at least one working medium injector.
The glove box 21 is hermetically connected with the cold trap 7 through the vacuum pumping pipeline.
The glove box 21 ensures an inert gas atmosphere inside the box by internal circulation.
In this embodiment, two liquid pipelines, three evacuation pipelines, four vacuum valves, two working medium injectors and two precision balances are arranged in the glove box 21, wherein the two liquid pipelines are respectively a first liquid pipeline 24 and a second liquid pipeline 25, the three evacuation pipelines are respectively a first evacuation pipeline 18, a second evacuation pipeline 19 and a third evacuation pipeline 23, the four vacuum valves are respectively a first vacuum valve 11, a second vacuum valve 12, a third vacuum valve 13 and a fourth vacuum valve 14, the two working medium injectors are respectively a first working medium injector 16 and a second working medium injector 17, and the two precision balances are respectively a first precision balance 8 and a second precision balance 9.
The four-way connector 20 has four interfaces, namely a first interface 201, a second interface 202, a third interface 203 and a fourth interface 204, which are respectively located on the left side, the upper side, the right side and the lower side.
One side of the first vacuumizing pipeline 18 is positioned outside the glove box 21 and connected with the cold trap 7, the other side of the first vacuumizing pipeline 18 is positioned inside the glove box 21 and connected with the vacuum tank 10, and the first precision balance 8 is arranged below the vacuum tank 10; one side of the second vacuum-pumping pipeline 19 is connected with the vacuum tank 10, the other side is connected with the first interface 201 of the four-way valve 20, the first vacuum valve 11 is arranged on the second vacuum-pumping pipeline 19, one side of the third vacuum-pumping pipeline 23 is connected with the vacuum gauge 15, the other side of the third vacuum-pumping pipeline converges on the second vacuum-pumping pipeline 19 and is connected with the first interface 201 of the four-way valve 20, and the second vacuum valve 12 is arranged on the third vacuum-pumping pipeline 23; (ii) a The third vacuum valve 13 is arranged on the first liquid pipeline 24, two sides of the first liquid pipeline 24 are respectively connected with the first working medium injector 16 and the second interface 202 of the four-way valve 20, the fourth vacuum valve 14 is arranged on the second liquid pipeline 25, two sides of the second liquid pipeline 25 are respectively connected with the second working medium injector 17 and the third interface 203 of the four-way valve 20, and the second precision balance 9 is arranged below the second working medium injector 17; the fourth port 204 of the four-way valve 20 is connected to the charging tube 4.
The liquid filling rate range of the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe 1 for the first liquid filling is 15-85%, and the liquid filling rate adjusting range of the multiple liquid filling is 15-85%. In this range, the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe 1 has a good heat transfer performance.
The high-temperature pulsating heat pipe 1 is a tubular high-temperature pulsating heat pipe, a plate-type high-temperature pulsating heat pipe, a special-shaped high-temperature pulsating heat pipe or a high-temperature pulsating heat pipe heat exchanger and the like.
The working medium of the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe 1 is sodium metal, potassium metal, lithium metal, rubidium metal, cesium metal, sodium-potassium alloy with different proportions, or liquid metal nanofluid with different mass fractions.
The pipe of the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe 1 is one or a combination of more than one of stainless steel, nickel-based alloy, Inconel nickel-based alloy or other high-temperature-resistant alloys.
A method for performing multiple filling and working medium adjustment on a high-temperature pulsating heat pipe by using the device comprises the following steps:
s1, using a high-temperature pulsating heat pipe for multiple filling and working medium adjusting device to carry out first liquid filling;
s2, after the first liquid filling is completed, carrying out multiple liquid filling and liquid filling rate adjustment, or working medium proportion adjustment, or nano particle concentration adjustment according to requirements;
the multiple fill and fill rate adjustment includes increasing the fill rate and decreasing the fill rate.
In step S1, the first liquid filling method includes the following steps:
s11, connecting the devices, and circularly removing oxygen and water in the glove box 21 to ensure that the content of water and oxygen in the glove box 21 is less than 0.1ppm and ensure that the operation in the glove box 21 is oxygen-free and water-free operation to avoid liquid metal oxidation;
s12, connecting the liquid filling pipe 4 with a lower interface (namely a fourth interface 204) of the four-way joint 20 under the internal oxygen-free condition of the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe 1 which is baked in the high-temperature heating furnace;
s13, filling liquid nitrogen into the cold trap 7, opening the first vacuum valve 11 and the second vacuum valve 12, closing the third vacuum valve 13 and the fourth vacuum valve 14, configuring required amount of working medium in the glove box 21 and loading the required amount of working medium into the first working medium injector 16; if the melting point of the working medium is lower than the temperature in the glove box 21, cooling the working medium in the first working medium injector 16 by using a liquid nitrogen spray gun, and ensuring that the temperature is lower than the melting point;
s14, opening a third vacuum valve 13 and a molecular pump unit 6, and sequentially vacuumizing a first working medium injector 16 and the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe 1 through a cold trap 7, a first vacuumizing pipeline 18, a vacuum tank 10, a first vacuum valve 11, a second vacuumizing pipeline 19, a four-way valve 20 and a liquid filling pipe 4, wherein the vacuum degree is lower than 10-3Pa and keeping for two hours, and then closing the third vacuum valve 13;
s15, heating the first working medium injector 16, the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe 1 and all connecting pipelines between the first working medium injector 16 and the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe 1, preserving heat of the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe 1 by using a temperature adjusting device 2, and detecting the temperature of the outer walls of the first working medium injector 16, the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe 1 and all connecting pipelines between the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe 1 and the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe 1 by using a temperature measuring instrument 5 to ensure that the temperature is higher than;
s16, closing the first vacuum valve 11 and the second vacuum valve 12, and opening the third vacuum valve 13, wherein the pressure in the glove box 21 is normal atmospheric pressure, and the liquid working medium in the first working medium injector 16 is completely filled into the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe 1 under the action of the internal and external pressure difference; and (3) cutting off the liquid charging pipe 4 outside the glove box 21 by using hydraulic pliers, and welding and sealing the cut part by using electron beams to finish the first liquid charging of the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe 1.
Example 1
A multiple liquid filling method of a high-temperature pulsating heat pipe can be used for regulating and controlling the liquid filling rate of the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe 1 after the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe is manufactured for the first time. Due to the consideration of cost and research, the same heat pipe is repeatedly filled with liquid, so that the experimental error is reduced, and the heat transfer performance rule of the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe 1 is mastered. The high-temperature pulsating heat pipe 1 which needs to be filled for multiple times needs to reserve a longer liquid filling pipe 4. The multiple fill and fill rate adjustment includes increasing the fill rate and decreasing the fill rate.
In this embodiment, on the premise that the kind of the working medium is not changed, the method for increasing the liquid filling rate includes the following steps:
s2.11, connecting all the devices, and circulating in the glove box 21 to ensure that the water oxygen content of the glove box 21 and all parts of the system is less than 0.1 ppm;
s2.12, closing all vacuum valves, leading the upper half part and the welded sealing part at the top of the liquid charging pipe 4 of the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe 1 which finishes liquid charging for the first time in the step S16 into the glove box 21 through the vacuum plug 3, ensuring the closed environment in the glove box 21, using the temperature regulating device 2 to cool the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe 1, using the thermodetector 5 to measure the temperature of the outer wall surface of the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe 1, ensuring that the temperature of the outer wall is lower than the melting point of a working medium, and ensuring that the liquid plug in the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe 1 cannot be difficult to extract due to the fact that inert gas enters bubbles;
the seal is cut off in the glove box 21 through a pipe cutter, and the upper half part of the liquid charging pipe 4 is connected with the four-way joint 20; in the process, the inert gas in the glove box 21 can enter the interior of the heat pipe through the liquid charging pipe 4;
s2.13, increasing the amount of the required working medium according to the liquid filling rate, configuring the required amount of the working medium in the glove box 21 and filling the required amount of the working medium into the first working medium injector 16 to ensure that the temperature of the first working medium injector is lower than the melting point;
opening a first vacuum valve 11, a second vacuum valve 12 and a third vacuum valve 13, filling liquid nitrogen in the cold trap 7, and performing vacuum pumping operation on the whole system and the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe 1 by using a molecular pump unit 6 to ensure that gas in the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe 1 is pumped out;
heating a first working medium injector 16 and a pipeline connected with the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe 1 to ensure that the temperature of the wall surface is higher than the melting point of the working medium, closing a first vacuum valve 11 and a second vacuum valve 12, keeping a third vacuum valve 13 open all the time, filling the working medium under the action of pressure difference, using hydraulic tongs to clamp off a liquid filling pipe 4 outside the glove box 21, and using electron beams to weld and seal the clamp cut part to finish the work of increasing the liquid filling rate.
Example 2
In this embodiment, on the premise that the kind of the working medium is not changed, the method for reducing the liquid filling rate includes the following steps:
s2.21, connecting all the devices, and circulating in the glove box 21 to ensure that the water oxygen content of the glove box 21 and all parts of the system is less than 0.1 ppm; a small amount of working media of the same type are arranged in a second working medium injector 17 as preparation, and a second precision balance 9 is used for measuring the mass change of the working media in the second working medium injector 17; the second working medium injector 17 is cooled by using liquid nitrogen and the temperature is measured, so that the temperature is ensured to be lower than the melting point;
s2.22, closing all vacuum valves, leading the upper half part and the welded sealing part at the top of the liquid charging pipe 4 of the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe 1 which finishes liquid charging for the first time in the step S16 into the glove box 21 through the vacuum plug 3, ensuring the closed environment in the glove box 21, using the temperature regulating device 2 to cool the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe 1, using the thermodetector 5 to measure the temperature of the outer wall surface of the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe 1, ensuring that the temperature of the outer wall is lower than the melting point of a working medium, and ensuring that the liquid plug in the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe 1 cannot be difficult to extract due to the fact that inert gas enters bubbles;
the seal is cut off in the glove box 21 through a pipe cutter, and the upper half part of the liquid charging pipe 4 is connected with the four-way joint 20; in the process, the inert gas in the glove box 21 can enter the interior of the heat pipe through the liquid charging pipe 4;
s2.23, opening a first vacuum valve 11, a second vacuum valve 12 and a fourth vacuum valve 14, filling liquid nitrogen into the cold trap 7, performing vacuum pumping operation on the whole system communication part, a second working medium injector 17 and the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe 1 by using a molecular pump unit 6, pumping out inert gas, closing the fourth vacuum valve 14, and keeping the second working medium injector 17 in a vacuum state;
closing a first vacuum valve 11 and a second vacuum valve 12, heating the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe 1 and the pipeline between the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe 1 and the vacuum tank 10, detecting the temperature of the outer wall of the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe 1 by using a temperature measuring instrument 5, preserving the heat of the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe 1 by using a temperature regulating device 2, and ensuring that the internal working medium is melted into a liquid state, wherein the internal working medium of the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe 1 is all in the liquid state at the moment;
continuously vacuumizing the vacuum tank 10 for 30 minutes by using the molecular pump unit 6, opening the first vacuum valve 11, pumping the working medium in the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe 1 to the vacuum tank 10 under the action of pressure difference, weighing the mass of the pumped working medium by using the first precision balance 8, and closing the first vacuum valve 11 after the requirement is met;
s2.24, when the molecular pump unit 6 and the vacuum tank 10 are used for pumping the working medium, the first vacuum valve 11 is needed to control the pumping amount, so that excessive working medium can be pumped; if the extracted working medium is excessive, the second working medium injector 17 and related pipelines need to be heated and melted, after the step S33 is vacuumized, the first vacuum valve 11 and the second vacuum valve 12 are closed, the fourth vacuum valve 14 is opened, the working medium in the second working medium injector 17 is supplemented into the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe 1 under the action of pressure difference, the supplemented mass is weighed by the second precision balance 9, and the fourth vacuum valve 14 is closed immediately, so that the required liquid filling rate is ensured;
and (3) cutting off the liquid filling pipe 4 outside the glove box 21 by using hydraulic pliers, and welding and sealing the cut part by using electron beams to finish the work of reducing the liquid filling rate.
Example 3
The working medium components are important factors influencing the heat transfer performance of the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe 1, so that the work of researching different component ratios of the working medium has important significance.
In this embodiment, for a working medium composed of two components, under the condition that the liquid filling rate is not changed, the method for changing the proportion of the components of the working medium comprises the following steps:
s2.31, calculating according to the proportion of the existing working medium components in the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe 1 and the proportion of the target components to obtain the mass of the working medium to be pumped out and the proportion and the mass of the working medium components to be charged;
the devices are connected, circulation is carried out in the glove box 21, and the oxygen content of water in the glove box 21 and all parts of the system is ensured to be less than 0.1 ppm;
according to the calculation result, working media to be filled with accurate mass and proportion are configured and placed in a first working medium injector 16, a small amount of working media with the same proportion as that in the heat pipe are configured and placed in a second working medium injector 17 as preparation, and a second precision balance 9 is used for measuring the mass change in the second working medium injector 17; cooling the first working medium injector 16 and the second working medium injector 17 to ensure that the temperature is lower than the melting point;
s2.32, closing all vacuum valves, leading the upper half part and the welded sealing part at the top of the liquid charging pipe 4 of the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe 1 which finishes liquid charging for the first time in the step S16 into the glove box 21 through the vacuum plug 3, ensuring the closed environment in the glove box 21, using the temperature regulating device 2 to cool the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe 1, using the thermodetector 5 to measure the temperature of the outer wall surface of the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe 1, ensuring that the temperature of the outer wall is lower than the melting point of the working medium, and ensuring that the liquid plug in the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe 1 cannot be difficult to extract due to the fact that inert gas enters bubbles;
the seal is cut off in the glove box 21 through a pipe cutter, and the upper half part of the liquid charging pipe 4 is connected with the four-way joint 20; in the process, the inert gas in the glove box 21 can enter the interior of the heat pipe through the liquid charging pipe 4;
s2.33, opening all vacuum valves, filling liquid nitrogen in the cold trap 7, performing vacuum pumping operation on the whole system communication part, the two working medium injectors and the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe 1 by using the molecular pump unit 6, pumping out inert gas, closing the third vacuum valve 13 and the fourth vacuum valve 14, and keeping the two working medium injectors in a vacuum state;
closing the first vacuum valve 11 and the second vacuum valve 12, heating the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe 1, the two working medium injectors and the communication pipeline, detecting the temperature of the outer wall by using a temperature measuring instrument 5, ensuring that the temperature of the wall surface is higher than the melting point of the working medium, and preserving the heat of the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe 1 by using a temperature regulating device 2, and ensuring that the internal working medium is completely melted into a liquid state;
continuously vacuumizing the vacuum tank 10 for 30 minutes by using the molecular pump unit 6, opening the first vacuum valve 11, pumping the working medium in the heat pipe to the vacuum tank 10 under the action of pressure difference, weighing the mass of the pumped working medium by using the first precision balance 8, and closing the first vacuum valve 11 after the requirement is met;
opening the third vacuum valve 13, and completely filling the working medium in the first working medium injector 16 into the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe 1 under the action of pressure difference;
s2.34, when the molecular pump unit 6 and the vacuum tank 10 are used for pumping the working medium, the first vacuum valve 11 is needed to control the quality of the pumped working medium, and if the pumped working medium is excessive, liquid supplementing is needed;
the liquid supplementing method comprises the following steps:
heating and melting the second working medium injector 17 and related pipelines, opening the fourth vacuum valve 14, controlling the liquid supplement amount through the fourth vacuum valve 14, filling the working medium in the second working medium injector 17 into the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe 1 under the action of differential pressure, and closing the fourth vacuum valve 14 after the liquid supplement amount is reached; and (3) cutting off the liquid charging pipe 4 outside the glove box 21 by using hydraulic pliers, and welding and sealing the cut part by using electron beams to finish working medium adjustment.
Example 4
In this embodiment, under the condition that the liquid filling rate is not changed, the method for adjusting the concentration of the nanoparticles includes the following steps:
s2.31, calculating according to the concentration of the nanoparticles in the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe 1 or the existing concentration and the target concentration to obtain the mass of the working medium to be pumped out and the concentration and mass of the working medium to be charged;
the devices are connected, circulation is carried out in the glove box 21, and the oxygen content of water in the glove box 21 and all parts of the system is ensured to be less than 0.1 ppm;
according to the calculation result, working media to be filled with accurate mass and nanoparticle concentration are configured and placed in a first working medium injector 16, a small amount of working media with the same nanoparticle concentration as that in the heat pipe are configured and placed in a second working medium injector 17 as preparation, and a second precision balance 9 is used for measuring mass change in the second working medium injector 17; cooling the first working medium injector 16 and the second working medium injector 17 to ensure that the temperature is lower than the melting point;
s2.32, closing all vacuum valves, leading the upper half part and the welded sealing part at the top of the liquid charging pipe 4 of the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe 1 which finishes liquid charging for the first time in the step S16 into the glove box 21 through the vacuum plug 3, ensuring the closed environment in the glove box 21, using the temperature regulating device 2 to cool the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe 1, using the thermodetector 5 to measure the temperature of the outer wall surface of the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe 1, ensuring that the temperature of the outer wall is lower than the melting point of the working medium, and ensuring that the liquid plug in the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe 1 cannot be difficult to extract due to the fact that inert gas enters bubbles;
the seal is cut off in the glove box 21 through a pipe cutter, and the upper half part of the liquid charging pipe 4 is connected with the four-way joint 20; in the process, the inert gas in the glove box 21 can enter the interior of the heat pipe through the liquid charging pipe 4;
s2.33, opening all vacuum valves, filling liquid nitrogen in the cold trap 7, performing vacuum pumping operation on the whole system communication part, the two working medium injectors and the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe 1 by using the molecular pump unit 6, pumping out inert gas, closing the third vacuum valve 13 and the fourth vacuum valve 14, and keeping the two working medium injectors in a vacuum state;
closing the first vacuum valve 11 and the second vacuum valve 12, heating the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe 1, the two working medium injectors and the communication pipeline, detecting the temperature of the outer wall by using a temperature measuring instrument 5, ensuring that the temperature of the wall surface is higher than the melting point of the working medium, and preserving the heat of the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe 1 by using a temperature regulating device 2, and ensuring that the internal working medium is completely melted into a liquid state;
continuously vacuumizing the vacuum tank 10 for 30 minutes by using the molecular pump unit 6, opening the first vacuum valve 11, pumping the working medium in the heat pipe to the vacuum tank 10 under the action of pressure difference, weighing the mass of the pumped working medium by using the first precision balance 8, and closing the first vacuum valve 11 after the requirement is met;
opening the third vacuum valve 13, and completely filling the working medium in the first working medium injector 16 into the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe 1 under the action of pressure difference;
s2.34, when the molecular pump unit 6 and the vacuum tank 10 are used for pumping the working medium, the first vacuum valve 11 is needed to control the quality of the pumped working medium, and if the pumped working medium is excessive, liquid supplementing is needed;
the liquid supplementing method comprises the following steps:
heating and melting the second working medium injector 17 and related pipelines, opening the fourth vacuum valve 14, controlling the liquid supplement amount through the fourth vacuum valve 14, filling the working medium in the second working medium injector 17 into the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe 1 under the action of differential pressure, and closing the fourth vacuum valve 14 after the liquid supplement amount is reached; and (3) cutting off the liquid charging pipe 4 outside the glove box 21 by using hydraulic pliers, and welding and sealing the cut part by using electron beams to finish the concentration adjustment work of the nano particles.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A method for multiple filling and working medium adjustment of a high-temperature pulsating heat pipe is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, using a high-temperature pulsating heat pipe for multiple filling and working medium adjusting device to carry out first liquid filling;
s2, after the first liquid filling is completed, carrying out multiple liquid filling and liquid filling rate adjustment, or working medium proportion adjustment, or nano particle concentration adjustment according to requirements;
the multiple fill and fill rate adjustment includes increasing the fill rate and decreasing the fill rate.
2. The multiple charging and working medium adjusting method for the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe as recited in claim 1, wherein in step S1, the first charging method comprises the following steps:
s11, connecting each device, and circularly removing oxygen and water in the glove box (21) to ensure that the content of water and oxygen in the glove box (21) is less than 0.1 ppm;
s12, connecting the liquid filling pipe (4) with a lower interface of the cross joint (20) under the internal oxygen-free condition of the baked high-temperature pulsating heat pipe (1);
s13, filling liquid nitrogen into the cold trap (7), opening the first vacuum valve (11) and the second vacuum valve (12), closing the third vacuum valve (13) and the fourth vacuum valve (14), configuring required amount of working medium in the glove box (21) and filling the required amount of working medium into the first working medium injector (16); if the melting point of the working medium is lower than the temperature in the glove box (21), cooling the working medium in the first working medium injector (16) by using a liquid nitrogen spray gun to ensure that the temperature is lower than the melting point;
s14, opening a third vacuum valve (13) and a molecular pump unit (6), and sequentially vacuumizing a first working medium injector (16) and the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe (1) through a cold trap (7), a first vacuumizing pipeline (18), a vacuum tank (10), a first vacuum valve (11), a second vacuumizing pipeline (19), a four-way joint (20) and a liquid filling pipe (4), wherein the vacuum degree is lower than 10-3Pa and keeping for two hours, and then closing a third vacuum valve (13);
s15, heating the first working medium injector (16), the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe (1) and all connecting pipelines between the first working medium injector and the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe, preserving heat of the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe (1) by using a temperature adjusting device (2), and detecting the temperature of the outer walls of the first working medium injector (16), the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe (1) and all connecting pipelines between the first working medium injector and the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe by using a temperature measuring instrument (5) to ensure that the temperature is higher than the melting point of the working medium;
s16, closing the first vacuum valve (11) and the second vacuum valve (12), and opening the third vacuum valve (13), wherein the pressure in the glove box (21) is normal atmospheric pressure, and the liquid working medium in the first working medium injector (16) is completely filled into the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe (1) under the action of the internal and external pressure difference; and (3) cutting off the liquid charging pipe (4) outside the glove box (21) by using hydraulic pliers, and welding and sealing the cut-off part by using electron beams to finish the first liquid charging of the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe (1).
3. The method for multiple charging and working medium adjusting of a high temperature pulsating heat pipe according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, under the premise of no change in working medium type, the method for increasing the liquid filling rate comprises the following steps:
s2.11, connecting all the devices, and circulating in the glove box (21) to ensure that the oxygen content of water in the glove box (21) and all parts of the system is less than 0.1 ppm;
s2.12, closing all vacuum valves, leading the upper half part and the top welding sealing part of the liquid charging pipe (4) of the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe (1) which completes liquid charging for the first time in the step S16 into the glove box (21) through the vacuum plug (3), ensuring the closed environment in the glove box (21), cooling the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe (1) by using the temperature adjusting device (2), measuring the temperature of the outer wall surface of the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe (1) by using the temperature measuring instrument (5), ensuring that the temperature of the outer wall is lower than the melting point of a working medium, and ensuring that bubbles cannot be difficultly pumped out due to the fact that inert gas enters the liquid plug in the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe (1) when the sealing is opened;
the seal is cut off in the glove box (21) through a pipe cutter, and the upper half part of the liquid charging pipe (4) is connected with the four-way joint (20); in the process, inert gas in the glove box (21) can enter the interior of the heat pipe through the liquid charging pipe (4);
s2.13, increasing the amount of the required working medium according to the liquid filling rate, configuring the required amount of the working medium in a glove box (21) and filling the required amount of the working medium into a first working medium injector (16) to ensure that the temperature of the working medium is lower than the melting point;
opening a first vacuum valve (11), a second vacuum valve (12) and a third vacuum valve (13), filling liquid nitrogen in the cold trap (7), and performing vacuum pumping operation on the whole system and the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe (1) by using a molecular pump unit (6) to ensure that gas in the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe (1) is pumped out;
heating a first working medium injector (16) and a pipeline connected with the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe (1) to ensure that the temperature of the wall surface is higher than the melting point of the working medium, closing a first vacuum valve (11) and a second vacuum valve (12), keeping a third vacuum valve (13) open all the time, filling the working medium under the action of pressure difference, using hydraulic tongs to clamp off a liquid filling pipe (4) outside the glove box (21), and using electron beams to weld and seal the clamped part to finish the work of increasing the liquid filling rate.
4. The method for multiple charging and working medium adjusting of a high temperature pulsating heat pipe according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, on the premise of no change in working medium type, the method for decreasing the liquid filling rate comprises the following steps:
s2.21, connecting all the devices, and circulating in the glove box (21) to ensure that the oxygen content of water in the glove box (21) and all parts of the system is less than 0.1 ppm; a small amount of working media of the same type are arranged in a second working medium injector (17) to be prepared, and a second precision balance (9) is used for measuring the mass change of the working media in the second working medium injector (17); cooling the second working medium injector (17) by using liquid nitrogen and measuring the temperature to ensure that the temperature is lower than the melting point;
s2.22, closing all vacuum valves, leading the upper half part and the top welding sealing part of the liquid charging pipe (4) of the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe (1) which completes liquid charging for the first time in the step S16 into the glove box (21) through the vacuum plug (3), ensuring the closed environment in the glove box (21), cooling the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe (1) by using the temperature adjusting device (2), measuring the temperature of the outer wall surface of the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe (1) by using the temperature measuring instrument (5), ensuring that the temperature of the outer wall is lower than the melting point of a working medium, and ensuring that bubbles cannot be difficultly pumped out due to the fact that inert gas enters the liquid plug in the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe (1) when the sealing is opened;
the seal is cut off in the glove box (21) through a pipe cutter, and the upper half part of the liquid charging pipe (4) is connected with the four-way joint (20); in the process, inert gas in the glove box (21) can enter the interior of the heat pipe through the liquid charging pipe (4);
s2.23, opening a first vacuum valve (11), a second vacuum valve (12) and a fourth vacuum valve (14), filling liquid nitrogen into a cold trap (7), performing vacuum pumping operation on the whole system communication part, a second working medium injector (17) and the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe (1) by using a molecular pump unit (6), pumping out inert gas, closing the fourth vacuum valve (14), and keeping the second working medium injector (17) in a vacuum state;
closing a first vacuum valve (11) and a second vacuum valve (12), heating the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe (1) and a pipeline between the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe (1) and a vacuum tank (10), detecting the temperature of the outer wall of the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe (1) by using a temperature detector (5), preserving the heat of the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe (1) by using a temperature adjusting device (2), ensuring that the internal working medium is melted into a liquid state, and ensuring that the internal working medium of the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe (1) is all in the liquid state at the moment;
continuously vacuumizing the vacuum tank (10) for 30 minutes by using a molecular pump unit (6), opening a first vacuum valve (11), pumping the working medium in the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe (1) to the vacuum tank (10) under the action of pressure difference, weighing the mass of the pumped working medium by using a first precision balance (8), and closing the first vacuum valve (11) after the requirement is met;
s2.24, as the molecular pump unit (6) and the vacuum tank (10) are used for pumping the working medium, the first vacuum valve (11) is used for controlling the pumping amount, when the pumping working medium is excessive, the second working medium injector (17) and related pipelines need to be heated and melted, after the step S33 is completed, the first vacuum valve (11) and the second vacuum valve (12) are closed, the fourth vacuum valve (14) is opened, the working medium in the second working medium injector (17) is supplemented into the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe (1) under the action of pressure difference, the supplementing mass is weighed by the second precision balance (9), and the fourth vacuum valve (14) is closed immediately, so that the required liquid filling rate is ensured;
and (3) cutting off the liquid filling pipe (4) outside the glove box (21) by using hydraulic pliers, and welding and sealing the cut-off part by using electron beams to finish the work of reducing the liquid filling rate.
5. The multiple charging and working medium adjusting method for the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe as recited in claim 1, wherein in step S2, under the condition of constant liquid filling rate, the working medium proportion or nanoparticle concentration adjusting method comprises the following steps:
s2.31, calculating according to the proportion of the existing working medium components in the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe (1) and the proportion of the target components or the concentration of the existing nano particles and the target concentration to obtain the mass of the working medium to be pumped out, the proportion or the concentration of the working medium components to be charged and the mass of the working medium to be pumped out;
the devices are connected, and the inside of the glove box (21) is circulated, so that the oxygen content of water in the glove box (21) and each part of the system is less than 0.1 ppm;
according to the calculation result, working media to be filled with accurate mass and proportion or nanoparticle concentration are configured and placed in a first working medium injector (16), a small amount of working media with the same proportion or nanoparticle concentration as those in the heat pipe are configured and placed in a second working medium injector (17) as preparation, and a second precision balance (9) is used for measuring mass change in the second working medium injector (17); cooling the first working medium injector (16) and the second working medium injector (17) to ensure that the temperature is lower than a melting point;
s2.32, closing all vacuum valves, leading the upper half part and the top welding sealing part of the liquid charging pipe (4) of the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe (1) which completes liquid charging for the first time in the step S16 into the glove box (21) through the vacuum plug (3), ensuring the closed environment in the glove box (21), cooling the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe (1) by using a temperature adjusting device, measuring the temperature of the outer wall surface of the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe (1) by using a temperature measuring instrument (5), ensuring that the temperature of the outer wall is lower than the melting point of a working medium, and ensuring that the liquid plug in the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe (1) cannot be difficult to extract due to the fact that inert gas enters bubbles when the seal is;
the seal is cut off in the glove box (21) through a pipe cutter, and the upper half part of the liquid charging pipe (4) is connected with the four-way joint (20); in the process, inert gas in the glove box (21) can enter the interior of the heat pipe through the liquid charging pipe (4);
s2.33, opening all vacuum valves, filling liquid nitrogen in the cold trap (7), performing vacuum pumping operation on the whole system communication part, the two working medium injectors and the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe (1) by using a molecular pump unit (6), pumping out inert gas, closing the third vacuum valve (13) and the fourth vacuum valve (14), and keeping the two working medium injectors in a vacuum state;
closing a first vacuum valve (11) and a second vacuum valve (12), heating the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe (1), the two working medium injectors and the communication pipeline, detecting the temperature of the outer wall by using a temperature detector (5), ensuring that the temperature of the wall surface is higher than the melting point of the working medium, preserving the heat of the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe (1) by using a temperature adjusting device (2), and ensuring that the internal working medium is completely melted into a liquid state;
continuously vacuumizing the vacuum tank (10) for 30 minutes by using a molecular pump unit (6), opening a first vacuum valve (11), pumping the working medium in the heat pipe to the vacuum tank (10) under the action of pressure difference, weighing the mass of the pumped working medium by using a first precision balance (8), and closing the first vacuum valve (11) after the requirement is met;
opening the third vacuum valve (13), and completely filling the working medium in the first working medium injector (16) into the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe (1) under the action of pressure difference;
s2.34, when the molecular pump unit (6) and the vacuum tank (10) are used for pumping the working medium, the first vacuum valve (11) is needed to control the quality of the pumped working medium, and if the pumped working medium is excessive, liquid supplementing is needed;
the liquid supplementing method comprises the following steps:
heating and melting a second working medium injector (17) and related pipelines, opening a fourth vacuum valve (14), controlling the liquid supplement amount through the fourth vacuum valve (14), filling the working medium in the second working medium injector (17) into the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe (1) under the action of differential pressure, and closing the fourth vacuum valve (14) after the liquid supplement amount is reached; and (3) cutting off the liquid charging pipe (4) outside the glove box (21) by using hydraulic pliers, and welding and sealing the cut-off part by using electron beams to finish the work of adjusting the concentration of the working medium or the nano particles.
6. A high-temperature pulsating heat pipe multiple-filling and working medium adjusting device is applied to the method and is characterized by comprising the following steps: the device comprises a glove box (21), a liquid charging pipe (4), a molecular pump unit (6) positioned outside the glove box (21), a gas cylinder (22) for supplying gas to the glove box, a cold trap (7), a high-temperature pulsating heat pipe (1), a temperature adjusting device (2) and a temperature measuring instrument (5), wherein the glove box (21) is of a sealed box structure;
a four-way joint (20), at least two liquid pipelines, at least three vacuumizing pipelines, at least four vacuum valves, at least two working medium injectors, at least two precision balances, a vacuum gauge (15), a vacuum tank (10) temperature measuring device and a liquid nitrogen spray gun are arranged in the glove box (21); a vacuum plug (3) is arranged on the box body of the glove box (21);
the molecular pump unit (6) is connected with the cold trap (7), the cold trap (7) is connected with the vacuum tank (10) through the vacuumizing pipeline, and the precision balance is arranged below the vacuum tank (10);
the temperature adjusting device (2) is wrapped outside the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe (1), the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe (1) is connected with one end, located outside the glove box (21), of the liquid charging pipe (4), the liquid charging pipe (4) extends into the glove box (21) through the vacuum plug (3), the connection part of the liquid charging pipe (4) and the vacuum plug (3) is guaranteed to be sealed, and the other end of the liquid charging pipe (4) is located inside the glove box (21) and connected with the cross joint (20);
in the glove box (21), at least two vacuum pumping pipelines, the liquid filling pipe (4) and at least two liquid pipelines are connected together through a four-way joint (20), the vacuum pumping pipelines are further respectively connected with the vacuum tank (10) and the vacuum gauge (15) through the vacuum valve, each liquid pipeline is connected with each working medium injector through the vacuum valve, and the precision balance is arranged below at least one working medium injector;
the glove box (21) is hermetically connected with the cold trap (7) through the vacuum pumping pipeline;
the glove box (21) ensures an inert gas atmosphere inside the box by internal circulation.
7. The device for multiple charging and working medium adjusting of the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe as recited in claim 6, two liquid pipelines, three vacuumizing pipelines, four vacuum valves, two working medium injectors and two precision balances are arranged in the glove box (21), wherein the two liquid pipelines are respectively a first liquid pipeline (24) and a second liquid pipeline (25), the three vacuum-pumping pipelines are respectively a first vacuum-pumping pipeline (18), a second vacuum-pumping pipeline (19) and a third vacuum-pumping pipeline (23), the four vacuum valves are respectively a first vacuum valve (11), a second vacuum valve (12), a third vacuum valve (13) and a fourth vacuum valve (14), the two working medium injectors are respectively a first working medium injector (16) and a second working medium injector (17), the two precision balances are respectively a first precision balance (8) and a second precision balance (9);
the four-way connector (20) is provided with four interfaces which are a first interface (201), a second interface (202), a third interface (203) and a fourth interface (204) respectively;
one side of the first vacuumizing pipeline (18) is positioned outside the glove box (21) and is connected with the cold trap (7), the other side of the first vacuumizing pipeline (18) is positioned inside the glove box (21) and is connected with the vacuum tank (10), and the first precision balance (8) is arranged below the vacuum tank (10); one side of the second vacuumizing pipeline (19) is connected with the vacuum tank (10), the other side of the second vacuumizing pipeline is connected with a first interface (201) of the four-way joint (20), the first vacuum valve (11) is arranged on the second vacuumizing pipeline (19), one side of the third vacuumizing pipeline (23) is connected with the vacuum gauge (15), the other side of the third vacuumizing pipeline is converged on the second vacuumizing pipeline (19) and connected with the first interface (201) of the four-way joint (20), and the second vacuum valve (12) is arranged on the third vacuumizing pipeline (23); the third vacuum valve (13) is arranged on the first liquid pipeline (24), two sides of the first liquid pipeline (24) are respectively connected with the first working medium injector (16) and the second interface (202) of the four-way joint (20), the fourth vacuum valve (14) is arranged on the second liquid pipeline (25), two sides of the second liquid pipeline (25) are respectively connected with the second working medium injector (17) and the third interface (203) of the four-way joint (20), and the second precision balance (9) is arranged below the second working medium injector (17); the fourth interface (204) of the four-way joint (20) is connected with the liquid charging pipe (4).
8. The multiple filling and working medium adjusting device of the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe as claimed in claim 6, wherein the range of the liquid filling rate of the first liquid filling of the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe (1) is 15% -85%, and the range of the liquid filling rate of the multiple liquid filling is 15% -85%;
the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe (1) is a pipe type high-temperature pulsating heat pipe, a plate type high-temperature pulsating heat pipe, a special-shaped high-temperature pulsating heat pipe or a high-temperature pulsating heat pipe heat exchanger.
9. The high-temperature pulsating heat pipe multiple-charging and working medium adjusting device as recited in claim 6 or 8, wherein the working medium of the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe (1) is metallic sodium, or metallic potassium, or metallic lithium, metallic rubidium, or metallic cesium, or sodium-potassium alloys with different proportions, or liquid metal nanofluids with different mass fractions.
10. The device for multiple charging and working medium adjusting of the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe according to claim 9, wherein the pipe of the high-temperature pulsating heat pipe (1) is one of stainless steel, nickel-based alloy or Inconel nickel-based alloy, or a combination of more than one of stainless steel, nickel-based alloy and Inconel nickel-based alloy.
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CN114700355A (en) * 2022-03-08 2022-07-05 大连海事大学 Device and method for destroying liquid metal high-temperature pulsating heat pipe
CN115521763A (en) * 2022-09-23 2022-12-27 大连海事大学 Composite working medium for high-temperature pulsating heat pipe, preparation method and experimental method

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CN115521763A (en) * 2022-09-23 2022-12-27 大连海事大学 Composite working medium for high-temperature pulsating heat pipe, preparation method and experimental method

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