CN111748166A - 一种pvdf膜、pvdf/pet复合膜及其制备工艺、应用 - Google Patents
一种pvdf膜、pvdf/pet复合膜及其制备工艺、应用 Download PDFInfo
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- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 95
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 title abstract description 25
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 title abstract description 25
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
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- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 14
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- JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-triazine Chemical compound C1=CN=NN=C1 JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- OHBRHBQMHLEELN-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;1-butoxybutane Chemical compound CC(O)=O.CCCCOCCCC OHBRHBQMHLEELN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzophenone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012965 benzophenone Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- LLHKCFNBLRBOGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene glycol methyl ether acetate Chemical compound COCC(C)OC(C)=O LLHKCFNBLRBOGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920002799 BoPET Polymers 0.000 description 1
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000840 ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005022 packaging material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002620 polyvinyl fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明属于光伏背板材料技术领域,具体涉及一种PVDF膜、PVDF/PET复合膜及其制备工艺、应用。其中,PVDF膜的制备工艺,包括以下步骤:S1、在PVDF粉末中加入紫外吸收剂、抗水解助剂,混合均匀,得到物料;S2、对溶剂进行雾化,对物料进行分散,将物料与溶剂混合,得到物料颗粒外包裹溶剂的混合料;S3、将混合料进行熔融挤出,然后风干、冷却,得到PVDF膜;所述熔融挤出的挤出温度为150~160℃。本发明的PVDF粉末与溶剂共同挤出,溶剂在加热的情况下,会降低PVDF粉末的熔融温度,形成均一、稳定的液相,将施工温度降到150~160℃,有利于加工,降低了工艺成本。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于光伏背板材料技术领域,具体涉及一种PVDF膜、PVDF/PET复合膜及其制备工艺、应用。
背景技术
太阳能电池背板位于太阳能电池板的背面,作为直接与外界环境大面积接触的光伏封装材料,对电池片具有保护和支撑作用,具有可靠的绝缘性、阻水性和耐老化性。太阳能电池背板分为两种:复膜型背板和涂覆型背板。其中,复膜型背板以PVF、PVDF或ETFE等氟膜与PET基膜通过胶黏剂复合制备,是目前背板产品的主要生产工艺。
现有常规的透明PVDF膜主要通过PVDF粉末熔融挤出成膜,透光率在90%左右。其中,PVDF膜的透光率与太阳能电池的发电效率息息相关,故应致力于如何提升PVDF膜的透光率。而且,PVDF粉末的熔点为172℃,直接通过PVDF粉末熔融挤出工艺对挤出温度的要求较高,能源耗费较大。
另外,PVDF与PET复合的常规工艺是先单独挤出成PVDF膜,再将PVDF膜与PET用胶黏剂复合,工艺较为复杂。
发明内容
基于现有技术中存在的上述缺点和不足,本发明的目的之一是至少解决现有技术中存在的上述问题之一或多个,换言之,本发明的目的之一是提供满足前述需求之一或多个的一种PVDF膜、PVDF/PET复合膜及其制备工艺、应用。
为了达到上述发明目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
一种PVDF膜的制备工艺,包括以下步骤:
S1、在PVDF粉末中加入紫外吸收剂、抗水解助剂,混合均匀,得到物料;
S2、对溶剂进行雾化,对物料进行分散,将物料与溶剂混合,得到物料颗粒外包裹溶剂的混合料;
S3、将混合料进行熔融挤出,然后风干、冷却,得到PVDF膜;
所述熔融挤出的挤出温度为150~160℃。
作为优选方案,所述溶剂与物料的重量比为1:(3~6)。
作为优选方案,所述溶剂包括二甲苯、正丁醇、醋酸丁酯、二甲基乙酰胺、二甲基甲酰胺、丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯、异佛尔酮、磷酸三乙酯、二甲基亚砜、丙二醇甲醚、丁醚醋酸酯或甲基吡咯烷酮中的一种或两种以上的混合。
作为优选方案,所述紫外吸收剂的添加量为PVDF粉末重量的1~3%,所述紫外吸收剂包括苯并三氮唑、三嗪、二苯甲酮中的至少一种。
作为优选方案,所述抗水解助剂的添加量为PVDF粉末重量的1~3%,所述抗水解助剂包括碳化二亚胺,SANWELL AH81中的至少一种。
本发明还提供一种PVDF膜,如上任一方案所述的制备工艺制得。
本发明还提供如上一方案所述的PVDF膜的应用,所述PVDF膜用于制作太阳能电池背板。
本发明还提供一种PVDF/PET复合膜的制备工艺,在如上任一方案所述的制备工艺中,将混合料熔融挤出于PET膜上,然后风干、冷却,得到PVDF/PET复合膜。
本发明还提供一种PVDF/PET复合膜,如上一方案所述的制备工艺制得。
本发明还提供如上一方案所述的PVDF/PET复合膜的应用,其特征在于,所述PVDF/PET复合膜用于制作太阳能电池背板。
本发明与现有技术相比,有益效果是:
(1)本发明的PVDF粉末与溶剂共同挤出,溶剂在加热的情况下,会降低PVDF粉末的熔融温度,形成均一、稳定的液相,将施工温度降到150~160℃,有利于加工,降低了工艺成本。
(2)由于PVDF粉末分散状态、溶剂雾化状态的混合,与单纯PVDF粉末熔融挤出相比,使得PVDF膜更加透明,厚度更加均匀。
(3)常规透明PVDF膜的透光率为90%,而采用本发明的制备工艺制得的PVDF膜,透光率可以提高到91%以上。
(4)本发明的PVDF/PET复合膜的制备工艺,相比现有的常规工艺(先单独挤出成膜,再将PVDF膜与PET用胶水复合),简化了工艺流程,降低了工艺成本。
(5)本发明的PVDF膜用于制作太阳能电池背板,有利于提升太阳能电池的发电效率。
具体实施方式
以下将通过具体实施例对本发明的技术方案作进一步解释说明。
实施例1:
本实施例的PVDF膜的制备工艺,包括以下步骤:
S1、在PVDF粉末中加入紫外吸收剂、抗水解助剂,混合均匀,得到物料A;
将二甲苯和正丁醇混合得到溶剂B,紫外吸收剂选用苯并三氮唑,抗水解助剂选用碳化二亚胺;
其中,物料A与溶剂B的重量比为3:1,紫外吸收剂的添加量为PVDF粉末重量的2%,抗水解助剂的添加量为PVDF粉末重量的2%。
S2、采用雾化器对溶剂B进行雾化,采用分散器对物料A进行分散,将物料A与溶剂B混合,得到物料颗粒外包裹溶剂的混合料C;
其中,雾化及分散在室温下操作即可。
S3、将混合料C进行熔融挤出,然后风干、冷却,得到PVDF膜。
其中,挤出温度为150℃,采用热风吹干残留溶剂。
实施例2:
本实施例的PVDF膜的制备工艺,包括以下步骤:
S1、在PVDF粉末中加入紫外吸收剂、抗水解助剂,混合均匀,得到物料A;
将二甲苯和正丁醇混合得到溶剂B,紫外吸收剂选用苯并三氮唑,抗水解助剂选用碳化二亚胺;
其中,物料A与溶剂B的重量比为4:1,紫外吸收剂的添加量为PVDF粉末重量的1%,抗水解助剂的添加量为PVDF粉末重量的1%。
S2、采用雾化器对溶剂B进行雾化,采用分散器对物料A进行分散,将物料A与溶剂B混合,得到物料颗粒外包裹溶剂的混合料C;
其中,雾化及分散在室温下操作即可。
S3、将混合料C进行熔融挤出,然后风干、冷却,得到PVDF膜。
其中,挤出温度为155℃,采用热风吹干残留溶剂。
实施例3:
本实施例的PVDF膜的制备工艺,包括以下步骤:
S1、在PVDF粉末中加入紫外吸收剂、抗水解助剂,混合均匀,得到物料A;
将二甲苯和正丁醇混合得到溶剂B,紫外吸收剂选用苯并三氮唑,抗水解助剂选用碳化二亚胺;
其中,物料A与溶剂B的重量比为6:1,紫外吸收剂的添加量为PVDF粉末重量的3%,抗水解助剂的添加量为PVDF粉末重量的3%。
S2、采用雾化器对溶剂B进行雾化,采用分散器对物料A进行分散,将物料A与溶剂B混合,得到物料颗粒外包裹溶剂的混合料C;
其中,雾化及分散在室温下操作即可。
S3、将混合料C进行熔融挤出,然后风干、冷却,得到PVDF膜。
其中,挤出温度为160℃,采用热风吹干残留溶剂。
对比例1:
本对比例的PVDF膜的制备工艺,包括以下步骤:
直接将PVDF粉末熔融流延于离型纸上,剥离后得到PVDF膜。
对实施例1制得的PVDF膜与对比例1制得的PVDF膜进行性能测试对比,具体如下:
一、PVDF膜的厚度均匀性测试
在5m的PVDF膜上,随机选取5个点,测量其厚度,并计算数值的标准偏差,如表1所示,实施例1的PVDF膜的厚度更为均匀。
表1实施例1及对比例1的PVDF膜的厚度
二、PVDF膜的透光率测试
测试方法参见《GB/T 2410-2008透明塑料透光率和雾度的测定》,测试400~1100nm波段的透光率,结果如表2所示,本实施例的PVDF膜的透光率高于91%。
表2实施例1及对比例1的PVDF膜的透光率
上述实施例2和实施例3的PVDF膜的透光率均高于91%。
上述各实施例的PVDF膜用于制作太阳能电池背板,有利于提升太阳能电池的发电效率。
实施例4:
本实施例的PVDF/PET复合膜的制备工艺,在实施例1-3的制备工艺的基础上,在熔融挤出的过程中,直接将混合料C熔融挤出于PET膜上,然后风干、冷却,得到PVDF/PET复合膜。相对于常规的PVDF/PET复合膜的复合工艺而言,简化了工序,降低了成本。
其他步骤可以参考实施例1-3。
利用本实施例的PVDF/PET复合膜制作太阳能电池背板,有利于提升太阳能电池的发电效率。
鉴于本发明方案实施例众多,各实施例实验数据庞大众多,不适合于此处逐一列举说明,但是各实施例所需要验证的内容和得到的最终结论均接近。故而此处不对各个实施例的验证内容进行逐一说明,仅以实施例1-3作为代表说明本发明申请优异之处。
在上述实施例及其替代方案中,溶剂B除上述实施例的列举之外,还可以为二甲苯、正丁醇、醋酸丁酯、二甲基乙酰胺、二甲基甲酰胺、丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯、异佛尔酮、磷酸三乙酯、二甲基亚砜、丙二醇甲醚、丁醚醋酸酯或甲基吡咯烷酮中的一种或两种以上的混合,可以根据实际情况自由选择。
在上述实施例及其替代方案中,紫外吸收剂除上述实施例的列举之外,还可以选用苯并三氮唑、三嗪、二苯甲酮中的至少一种。
在上述实施例及其替代方案中,抗水解助剂除上述实施例的列举之外,还可以选用碳化二亚胺、SANWELL AH81中的至少一种。
以上所述仅是对本发明的优选实施例及原理进行了详细说明,对本领域的普通技术人员而言,依据本发明提供的思想,在具体实施方式上会有改变之处,而这些改变也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种PVDF膜的制备工艺,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1、在PVDF粉末中加入紫外吸收剂、抗水解助剂,混合均匀,得到物料;
S2、对溶剂进行雾化,对物料进行分散,将物料与溶剂混合,得到物料颗粒外包裹溶剂的混合料;
S3、将混合料进行熔融挤出,然后风干、冷却,得到PVDF膜;
所述熔融挤出的挤出温度为150~160℃。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种PVDF膜的制备工艺,其特征在于,所述溶剂与物料的重量比为1:(3~6)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种PVDF膜的制备工艺,其特征在于,所述溶剂包括二甲苯、正丁醇、醋酸丁酯、二甲基乙酰胺、二甲基甲酰胺、丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯、异佛尔酮、磷酸三乙酯、二甲基亚砜、丙二醇甲醚、丁醚醋酸酯或甲基吡咯烷酮中的一种或两种以上的混合。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种PVDF膜的制备工艺,其特征在于,所述紫外吸收剂的添加量为PVDF粉末重量的1~3%,所述紫外吸收剂包括苯并三氮唑、三嗪、二苯甲酮中的至少一种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种PVDF膜的制备工艺,其特征在于,所述抗水解助剂的添加量为PVDF粉末重量的1~3%,所述抗水解助剂包括碳化二亚胺,SANWELL AH81中的至少一种。
6.一种PVDF膜,其特征在于,如权利要求1-5任一项所述的制备工艺制得。
7.如权利要求6所述的PVDF膜的应用,其特征在于,所述PVDF膜用于制作太阳能电池背板。
8.一种PVDF/PET复合膜的制备工艺,其特征在于,在如权利要求1-5任一项所述的制备工艺中,将混合料熔融挤出于PET膜上,然后风干、冷却,得到PVDF/PET复合膜。
9.一种PVDF/PET复合膜,其特征在于,如权利要求8所述的制备工艺制得。
10.如权利要求9所述的PVDF/PET复合膜的应用,其特征在于,所述PVDF/PET复合膜用于制作太阳能电池背板。
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