CN111747858A - 一种非金属催化的硫叶立德与芳香胺的插入反应构建c-n键的方法及应用 - Google Patents
一种非金属催化的硫叶立德与芳香胺的插入反应构建c-n键的方法及应用 Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C227/00—Preparation of compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
- C07C227/04—Formation of amino groups in compounds containing carboxyl groups
- C07C227/06—Formation of amino groups in compounds containing carboxyl groups by addition or substitution reactions, without increasing the number of carbon atoms in the carbon skeleton of the acid
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种非金属催化的硫叶立德与芳香胺的插入反应构建C‑N键的方法及应用。该方法采用水作为反应溶剂,在温和的条件下硫叶立德发生N‑H插入反应,用于构建C‑N键。作为一种构建C‑N键的途径,该方法克服了传统的使用金属催化剂或氧化剂的缺点。在这个方法基础上,通过使用不同的芳香胺作为底物可以获得各种α‑氨基酸酯衍生物。本方法原料易得,避免了金属催化剂、氧化剂和有机溶剂的使用,是一种温和、有效、环境友好的制备α‑氨基酸酯的方法,具有广阔的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
涉及一种非金属催化的硫叶立德与芳香胺的插入反应构建C-N键,合成α-氨基酸酯的绿色合成新方法,属于有机合成化学技术领域。
背景技术
由于含氮化合物在天然产物、药用分子和多功能材料中普遍存在,其重要性不言而喻。在过去的几十年里,C-N键的构建引起了化学家们的广泛关注。自从Ullmann和Goldberg首次发现在铜化合物可以用于构建C-N键的方法以来,金属催化的C-N交叉耦合反应已经被广泛使用作为构建C-N键的方法之一(Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges.1903, 36, 2382;Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges.1906, 39, 1691; Chem Soc Rev2013, 42, 9283; Org. Process Res. Dev.2015, 19, 1327; Chem. Rev.2016, 116, 12564)。但这种方法需要使用预先活化的起始原料,如卤化物及其类似物,同时产生等当量卤化物盐作为副产物。近年来,卡宾的N-H插入反应(Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.2017, 56, 4156; Chem. Eur. J.2008,14, 3995; Chem. Soc. Rev.2013, 42, 4918; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2016, 55,9134; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.2015, 54, 14503; Chem. Commun. 2015, 51, 1532-4;Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.2014, 53, 1636.)以及C-H键的直接胺化(Chem. Soc. Rev.2014,43, 901; ACS Catal.2016, 6, 610; Chem. Soc. Rev.2011, 40, 5068; ACS Catal. 2016, 6, 2341; Acc. Chem. Res. 2015, 48, 1040-52)由于其原子和步骤经济性作为一种新的构建C-N键的方式受到了人们的关注,但过渡金属的使用和原料的不稳定性问题仍有待解决。基于自由基化学的无金属策略是一种高效、绿色的新途径。虽然这些策略避免了过渡金属的使用,但通常的过量氧化剂和基质特异性问题在一定程度上限制了C-N键结构的广泛应用。硫叶立德化合物自从其发现以来就被当作重要的合成前体,除了在环氧化、环丙烷化、叠氮化反应和[2,3]重排或史蒂文斯重排等方面的初步应用外,硫叶立德化合物作为重氮化合物在金属卡宾反应(包括插入反应和C-H活化)中的潜在安全替代物,近年来得到了广泛的关注。2016年,Burtoloso报道了硫叶立德化合物在无催化剂条件下插入芳基硫醇的反应,但该策略不适用于胺类化合物(Org. Lett.2016, 18, 3034)。
发明内容
针对现存的构建C-N键的方法存在的各种问题,本发明的目的是为了提供一种不需要金属催化剂或氧化剂,并且在水中和温和的温度下进行的硫叶立德的N-H插入反应用于构建C-N键的方法,与传统方法相比,该方法原料易得、条件温和,是一种、环境友好的替代方法,具有广阔的应用前景。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
以硫叶立德化合物和芳香胺为起始原料,以纯水作为溶剂,在添加剂作用下,合成α-氨基酸酯衍生物,其化学反应式如下所示:
其中:
R1为甲基、乙基、异丙基、环己基中的一种;
R2为氢、甲基中的一种;
Ar为取代或未取代的苯基、萘基、吲哚基、吡啶基、呋喃基中的一种。
其制备步骤如下:
(1)在洁净的反应器中依次加入硫叶立德化合物、芳香胺、添加剂和水,放入35℃油浴中反应24h。
(2)反应结束后,减压除去溶剂,残留物采用硅胶柱层析纯化即得产品。
步骤(1)中的添加剂为硝酸、硫酸、盐酸、磷酸、甲酸、三氟乙酸、苯甲酸、金刚烷甲酸、对甲苯磺酸、2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酸、乙酸中的一种或者一种以上。
步骤(1)中硫叶立德化合物:芳香胺:添加剂的摩尔比为1:(2.0~5.0):(0.5~3.0)。
本发明采取以上技术方案,其具有以下优点:相比于传统合成方法需要预先活化底物、使用过渡金属、氧化剂和有机溶剂等问题,本发明原料易得、无需金属催化剂或者氧化剂,是一种温和、廉价的替代传统的构建C-N键的方法,具有广阔的应用前景。
核磁共振氢谱(1H NMR)、碳谱(13C NMR)以及高分辨质谱证实了合成的α-氨基酸酯衍生物的结构。其中核磁共振图采用Varian INOVA-400 型核磁共振仪测定,以四甲基硅烷(TMS)为内标(δ 0 ppm),氘代氯仿为溶剂;高分辨质谱用 Agilent 1946B 质谱仪测定。
具体实施方法
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明作进一步描述,有助于对本发明的理解。但并不能以此来限制本发明的权利范围,而本发明的权利范围应以权利要求书阐述的为准。
实施案例1:化合物1的合成
在洁净的反应器中依次加入α-苯基-β-乙氧羰基硫叶立德(24 mg,0.1 mmol)、苯胺(27.9 mg,0.3 mmol)、浓硝酸(68%)(4.5 mg,0.05 mmol)和水(1 ml),置于35℃油浴中搅拌24h。反应结束后,减压除去溶剂,残留物采用硅胶柱层析纯化即得淡黄色液体,收率为81%。1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 7.52 (dt, J = 8.4, 2.0 Hz, 2H), 7.40 –7.30 (m, 3H), 7.17 – 7.10 (m, 2H), 6.71 (tt, J = 7.4, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 6.60 –6.56 (m, 2H), 5.08 (s, 1H), 4.32 – 4.09 (m, 2H), 1.22 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H); 13CNMR (101 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 171.96, 146.14, 137.88, 129.37, 128.95, 128.36,127.35, 118.18, 113.54, 61.95, 60.95, 14.19. HRMS (ESI): m/z计算值C16H18NO2 +:256.1338, 实测值: 256.1335。
实施案例2:化合物2的合成
在洁净的反应器中依次加入α-苯基-β-乙氧羰基硫叶立德(24 mg,0.1 mmol)、对甲氧基苯胺(36.9 mg,0.3 mmol)、浓硫酸(98%)(5 mg,0.05 mmol)和水(1 ml),置于35℃油浴中搅拌24h。反应结束后,减压除去溶剂,残留物采用硅胶柱层析纯化即得淡黄色液体,收率为83%。1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 7.50 (d, J = 6.9 Hz, 2H), 7.34 (dt, J= 14.1, 7.1 Hz, 3H), 6.73 (d, J = 8.9 Hz, 2H), 6.54 (d, J = 8.9 Hz, 2H), 5.01(s, 1H), 4.28 – 4.09 (m, 2H), 3.71 (s, 3H), 1.21 (t, J = 7.1 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR(101 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 172.15, 152.57, 140.35, 138.00, 128.90, 128.29,127.35, 114.95, 114.87, 61.83, 61.82, 55.81, 14.18. HRMS (ESI): m/z计算值C17H20NO3 +: 286.1443, 实测值: 286.1448。
实施案例3:化合物3的合成
在洁净的反应器中依次加入α-苯基-β-乙氧羰基硫叶立德(24 mg,0.1 mmol)、间氯苯胺(38.3 mg,0.3 mmol)、甲酸(9.2 mg,0.2 mmol)和水(1 ml),置于35℃油浴中搅拌24h。反应结束后,减压除去溶剂,残留物采用硅胶柱层析纯化即得淡黄色液体,收率为85%。1HNMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 7.48 (dd, J = 8.4, 1.6 Hz, 2H), 7.40 – 7.29 (m,3H), 7.01 (t, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.69 – 6.39 (m, 3H), 5.03 (s, 1H), 4.29 – 4.08(m, 2H), 1.22 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR (101 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 171.57,147.17, 137.25, 135.05, 130.33, 129.05, 128.54, 127.25, 118.07, 113.33,111.73, 62.14, 60.61, 14.16. HRMS (ESI): m/z计算值C16H17ClNO2 +: 290.0948, 实测值: 290.0850。
实施案例4:化合物4的合成
在洁净的反应器中依次加入α-苯基-β-甲氧羰基硫叶立德(22.6 mg,0.1 mmol)、邻甲氧基苯胺(36.9 mg,0.3 mmol)、甲酸(9.2 mg,0.2 mmol)和水(1 ml),置于35℃油浴中搅拌24h。反应结束后,减压除去溶剂,残留物采用硅胶柱层析纯化即得淡黄色液体,收率为85%。1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 7.52 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 2H), 7.42 – 7.28(m, 3H), 7.09 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H), 6.99 (td, J = 7.8, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 6.67 (td,J = 7.4, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 6.35 (dd, J = 8.1, 1.1 Hz, 1H), 5.14 (s, 1H), 3.75 (s,3H), 2.30 (s, 3H).; 13C NMR (101 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 172.50, 143.94, 137.68,130.20, 128.86, 128.27, 127.19, 126.97, 122.45, 117.70, 110.62, 60.67, 52.83,17.52. m/z计算值C17H20NO3 +: 286.1443, 实测值: 286.1440。
Claims (5)
2.根据权利要求1所述的构建C-N键制备α-氨基酸酯的方法,其特征在于采用如下制备步骤:
在洁净的反应器中依次加入硫叶立德化合物、芳香胺、添加剂和水,放入35℃油浴中反应24h;反应结束后,减压除去溶剂,残留物采用硅胶柱层析纯化即得产品。
3.根据权利要求1和2所述的制备方法,其特征在于所述的添加剂为硝酸、硫酸、盐酸、磷酸、甲酸、三氟乙酸、苯甲酸、金刚烷甲酸、对甲苯磺酸、2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酸、乙酸中的一种或者一种以上。
4.根据权利要求1和2所述的制备方法,其特征在于所述的溶剂为水。
5.根据权利要求1和2所述的制备方法,其特征在于所述硫叶立德化合物、芳香胺、添加剂的摩尔比为1:(2.0~5.0):(0.5~3.0)。
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