CN111745162B - Shape memory alloy reinforced magnesium-based composite material with three-dimensional interpenetrating network structure and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Shape memory alloy reinforced magnesium-based composite material with three-dimensional interpenetrating network structure and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 229910001285 shape-memory alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000003446 memory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 19
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 24
- HZEWFHLRYVTOIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ti].[Ni] Chemical compound [Ti].[Ni] HZEWFHLRYVTOIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
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- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000006386 memory function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005501 phase interface Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009715 pressure infiltration Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- JNDMLEXHDPKVFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;oxygen(2-);yttrium(3+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Y+3] JNDMLEXHDPKVFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000626 liquid-phase infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011156 metal matrix composite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001000 nickel titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 ytterbium ion Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910019901 yttrium aluminum garnet Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/11—Making porous workpieces or articles
- B22F3/1103—Making porous workpieces or articles with particular physical characteristics
- B22F3/1115—Making porous workpieces or articles with particular physical characteristics comprising complex forms, e.g. honeycombs
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D23/00—Casting processes not provided for in groups B22D1/00 - B22D21/00
- B22D23/04—Casting by dipping
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
- B22F3/26—Impregnating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
- B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
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Abstract
The invention relates to a magnesium-based composite material with a three-dimensional interpenetrating network structure and reinforced by a 3D printed shape memory alloy reinforcement framework and a preparation method thereof. The composite material consists of a shape memory alloy reinforcement with the volume fraction of 10-80% and a magnesium or magnesium alloy matrix, has a three-dimensional interpenetrating network structure, and is characterized in that the reinforcement and the matrix respectively have independent topological structures and are interpenetrated and complementarily combined in a three-dimensional space. The preparation method of the composite material comprises the following steps: preparing a shape memory alloy reinforcement framework with a network topological structure by adopting a 3D printing technology, infiltrating the framework by utilizing molten magnesium or magnesium alloy melt under a vacuum or protective atmosphere, and solidifying and cooling to obtain the composite material. The composite material has high strength, large plasticity and strong controllability of structure and mechanical properties, has a certain shape memory effect, namely the room temperature deformation can be partially or completely recovered above the martensite phase transition temperature, and has considerable application prospect as a novel structure function integrated material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of metal matrix composite materials, in particular to a 3D-printed shape memory alloy reinforcement framework-reinforced magnesium matrix composite material with a three-dimensional interpenetrating network structure and a preparation method thereof.
Background
On the premise of ensuring safe service, the lightweight of the structural material is realized, and the weight of the structural part can be effectively reduced, so that the energy is saved, the environmental pollution is reduced, and the method has important scientific significance and practical value. For example, in the field of transportation, the lightweight design of automobiles can improve fuel efficiency, reduce fuel consumption and exhaust emission, and thus has become one of the main trends in the development of automobiles nowadays. The realization of lightweight of structural materials mainly depends on the improvement of mechanical properties such as specific strength and specific stiffness. Magnesium and magnesium alloys have a low density (pure magnesium density of 1.74 g/cm)3) The damping material shows outstanding specific strength and specific rigidity, and simultaneously has good damping, shock absorption, heat conduction and electromagnetismShielding and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of transportation, biomedicine, electronic products and the like.
However, magnesium and magnesium alloys still have low absolute strength and rigidity and poor wear resistance and heat resistance, and simultaneously exhibit low high-temperature strength and high-temperature creep resistance, compared to metal structural materials such as steel, titanium alloys, aluminum alloys, and the like, which greatly limits their application as lightweight structural materials. The preparation of magnesium-based composites by introducing a reinforcing phase into a magnesium or magnesium alloy matrix is one of the effective approaches to solve the above problems. A commonly used method of compounding is to introduce randomly and uniformly distributed particles or fibers of the reinforcing phase into the magnesium or magnesium alloy matrix. However, the organization structure of the traditional magnesium-based composite material is difficult to accurately design and control, so that the mechanical property of the material cannot be effectively regulated and controlled, and the combination of the reinforcing phase and the matrix is realized only through a phase interface, so that the problems of stress concentration, cracking and the like of the phase interface are easily generated. In addition, the prior magnesium and magnesium alloy composite material can not recover the initial shape after plastic deformation, and the damage generated by the deformation is difficult to automatically repair, which causes the irreversible reduction of the material performance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a shape memory alloy reinforced magnesium-based composite material with a three-dimensional interpenetrating network structure and a preparation method thereof, which utilize a shape memory alloy framework with a network topological structure to reinforce magnesium and magnesium alloy, and adopt a 3D printing technology to realize the precise design and control of a reinforcement structure in the magnesium-based composite material, thereby obviously improving the strength, rigidity and wear resistance of magnesium and magnesium alloy on the premise of not obviously improving the density of the material, endowing the material with a certain shape memory function, and enabling the room-temperature plastic deformation of the material to be automatically recovered when the material is heated to the martensite phase transition temperature of the shape memory alloy.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the composite material consists of a shape memory alloy reinforcement and a magnesium or magnesium alloy matrix, wherein the content of the shape memory alloy reinforcement is 10-80% by volume percent, and the balance is the magnesium or magnesium alloy matrix; the composite material has a three-dimensional interpenetrating network structure, and shows that the reinforcement and the matrix respectively have independent topological structures and are interpenetrated and complementarily combined in a three-dimensional space.
The composite material has the compression strength of 250-800 MPa, the compression strain capacity of more than 10 percent and the density range of 2.2-4.2 g/cm3。
The composite material has a certain shape memory effect, namely after the composite material is subjected to plastic deformation at room temperature, the deformation of the composite material can be automatically recovered when the composite material is heated to a temperature higher than the martensitic transformation temperature of the shape memory alloy, and when the total room temperature strain amount is not more than 20%, the recovery strain amount accounts for more than 1% of the total strain amount.
The preparation method of the shape memory alloy reinforced magnesium-based composite material with the three-dimensional interpenetrating network structure comprises the following steps:
1) designing a shape memory alloy reinforcement framework with a network topological structure, establishing a three-dimensional model of the framework, introducing the model into a metal 3D printer formed by utilizing a laser selective melting technology, and preparing shape memory alloy powder into the shape memory alloy reinforcement framework with a designed structure through 3D printing;
2) putting the shape memory alloy reinforcement framework printed in the step 1) and magnesium or magnesium alloy into a crucible, putting the crucible into melting equipment, heating under vacuum or protective atmosphere to melt the magnesium or magnesium alloy and impregnating the magnesium or magnesium alloy reinforcement framework into the shape memory alloy reinforcement framework;
3) stopping heating, taking the crucible out of the smelting equipment after the magnesium or the magnesium alloy is solidified and cooled, and obtaining the shape memory alloy reinforced magnesium-based composite material with the three-dimensional interpenetrating network structure.
In the step 1), the particle size of the shape memory alloy powder is 1-200 mu m, the shape memory alloy reinforcement framework has a three-dimensional network topology structure, the porosity of the framework is 20-90%, the average pore diameter is 0.01-3 mm, and the diameter of the connecting rib is 0.005-2.5 mm.
In the step 2), the crucible is one of a graphite crucible, a magnesium oxide crucible, a corundum crucible, a 45 steel crucible and a nickel crucible, the protective atmosphere is one of argon, nitrogen and helium, the heating temperature exceeds the melting point of magnesium or magnesium alloy, is 650-1000 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1-100 min; the shape memory alloy framework infiltrated by the metal melt is infiltrated by adopting non-pressure infiltration or vacuum infiltration, and if the shape memory alloy framework is infiltrated by adopting vacuum, the vacuum degree is between-0.005 and-0.5 MPa.
The design idea of the invention is as follows:
1) the melting point of the shape memory alloy is far higher than that of magnesium or magnesium alloy, and the shape memory alloy does not react with molten magnesium or magnesium alloy, so that the composite material can be prepared by a method of impregnating the magnesium or magnesium alloy melt into the shape memory alloy framework, and a reinforcement in the obtained composite material is metallurgically bonded with a matrix, has high interface strength, and thus shows ideal strengthening and rigidifying effects;
2) the martensite phase transition temperature of the shape memory alloy is matched with the creep deformation temperature of the magnesium or the magnesium alloy, so that a certain shape memory function can be endowed to the material, and after the material is subjected to plastic deformation at room temperature and is heated to the temperature higher than the martensite phase transition temperature of the shape memory alloy, the shape memory effect of the reinforcement framework can drive the magnesium or the magnesium alloy matrix to creep, so that the deformation of the whole material can be automatically recovered;
3) the composite material has a three-dimensional interpenetrating network structure, so that the reinforcement and the matrix can be connected not only by virtue of an interface, but also can form a whole by virtue of mechanical interlocking of mutual interpenetration and communication, the stress concentration at the interface is favorably reduced, and the coordination of stress conduction and deformation between two phases is enhanced;
4) the 3D printing technology can realize the rapid molding of the shape memory alloy reinforcement framework, and can accurately design and control the three-dimensional network topology structure of the framework, thereby realizing the effective regulation and control of the structure and mechanical property of the composite material.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1) the composite material provided by the invention has the advantages that on the premise of not obviously increasing the density of magnesium or magnesium alloy, the strength, rigidity, wear resistance and high-temperature creep resistance of the material are obviously improved, and the composite material has good plastic deformation capacity;
2) the preparation method of the composite material fully exerts the advantages of the 3D printing technology, and the three-dimensional network topological structure of the reinforcement framework can be accurately designed and controlled in a large range, so that the structure and the mechanical property of the composite material can be effectively regulated and controlled;
3) the composite material has a certain shape memory effect, namely after the composite material is subjected to plastic deformation at room temperature, the deformation of the composite material can be automatically recovered when the composite material is heated to the temperature above the martensitic transformation temperature of the shape memory alloy, and when the total room temperature strain does not exceed 20%, the proportion of the recovered strain in the total strain is more than 1%.
4) The preparation method of the composite material has the advantages of simple process, short period, high efficiency, strong designability and controllability, and is suitable for being popularized to other material systems.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a three-dimensional model diagram of a titanium-nickel alloy skeleton with network topology as designed in example 1.
Fig. 2 is a physical diagram (a) and a three-dimensional X-ray structural diagram (b) of a titanium-nickel alloy skeleton prepared by the 3D printing technique of example 1.
Fig. 3 is a diagram (a) and a three-dimensional X-ray structure (b) of the titanium-nickel alloy reinforced magnesium-based composite material with the three-dimensional interpenetrating network structure prepared in example 1.
Fig. 4 is a graph of room temperature compressive stress-strain curves of the ti-ni alloy reinforced mg-based composite material with three-dimensional interpenetrating network structure prepared in example 1 and its comparison with pure mg.
FIG. 5 is a three-dimensional model diagram of a titanium-nickel alloy skeleton with network topology as designed in example 3.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
in the specific implementation process, the shape memory alloy reinforced magnesium-based composite material with the three-dimensional interpenetrating network structure and the preparation method thereof are as follows:
the composite material consists of a shape memory alloy reinforcement with the volume fraction of 10-80% (preferably 20-70%) and a magnesium or magnesium alloy matrix, has a three-dimensional interpenetrating network structure, and is characterized in that the reinforcement and the matrix respectively have independent topological structures and are interpenetrated and complementarily combined in a three-dimensional space. The preparation method of the composite material comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of preparing a shape memory alloy reinforcement framework with a network topological structure by using shape memory alloy powder through a 3D printing technology, infiltrating the framework by using molten magnesium or magnesium alloy melt under vacuum or protective atmosphere, and solidifying and cooling to obtain the composite material. Wherein the grain diameter of the shape memory alloy powder is 1-200 μm (preferably 5-70 μm), the porosity of the shape memory alloy reinforcement framework is 20-90% (preferably 30-80%), the temperature of heating infiltration exceeds the melting point of magnesium or magnesium alloy, the temperature is 650-1000 ℃, the metal melt infiltration is carried out to the shape memory alloy framework by non-pressure infiltration or vacuum infiltration, and if the vacuum infiltration is carried out, the vacuum degree is-0.005-0.5 MPa (preferably-0.005-0.1 MPa).
The present invention will be further illustrated by the following examples, which are to be construed as merely illustrative and not limitative of the remainder of the disclosure.
Example 1:
in this example, a titanium-nickel alloy reinforced magnesium-based composite material having a three-dimensional interpenetrating network structure was prepared. The raw materials used include titanium-nickel alloy powder (average particle size 15 μm, titanium to nickel atomic ratio 1: 1), magnesium metal. The preparation process comprises the following steps:
1) a titanium-nickel alloy reinforcement framework with a network topological structure is designed by utilizing three-dimensional visual entity simulation software Autodesk Inventor Professional (AIP2019), and a three-dimensional model of the framework is established. As shown in fig. 1, the network topology of the model is established based on the triple-period minimum surface principle; introducing the model into a Rearizer SLM 100 type metal 3D printer formed by utilizing a laser selective melting technology, and preparing the titanium-nickel alloy powder into the titanium-nickel alloy powder by 3D printing under the protection of argonYAG (trivalent ytterbium ion doped yttrium aluminum garnet) laser with the power of 200W, the diameter of a laser beam spot of 40 mu m, the powder spreading thickness of 50 mu m, the laser scanning speed of 200mm/s and the scanning gap of 100 mu m are selected, the titanium-nickel alloy reinforcement skeleton obtained by printing is naturally cooled under the protection of argon, the size of the skeleton is 10 multiplied by 10mm, and the scanning gap is 100 mu m, the titanium-nickel alloy reinforcement skeleton is shown in figure 23The porosity is 70%, the aperture is about 1-2 mm, and the diameter of the connecting edge is about 1 mm;
2) putting the titanium-nickel alloy reinforcement framework obtained by printing in the step 1) into a high-purity graphite crucible (the carbon content of graphite is more than 99.9 wt%) with the diameter of 10cm, placing 25g of metal magnesium above the framework, placing the crucible into a vacuum resistance furnace, heating the crucible from room temperature to 850 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min in an argon environment, and preserving the heat for 5 min.
3) Stopping heating, cooling to room temperature at the speed of 5 ℃/min, taking out the crucible, and taking out the composite material from the crucible to obtain the titanium-nickel alloy reinforced magnesium-based composite material with the three-dimensional interpenetrating network structure. In the physical representation, the dark portions are the titanium-nickel alloy reinforcement and the light portions are the magnesium matrix, as shown in fig. 3. In the three-dimensional X-ray structure diagram, the light color part is a titanium-nickel alloy reinforcement, and the dark color part is a magnesium matrix. The volume fraction of the titanium-nickel alloy reinforcement in the composite material is 30%, and the titanium-nickel alloy reinforcement and the magnesium matrix respectively have independent topological structures and are interpenetrated and complementarily combined in a three-dimensional space to form a three-dimensional interpenetrating network structure.
The density of the composite material is 3.2g/cm through testing3The compressive strength was 320MPa and the compressive plastic strain exceeded 35%, see FIG. 4. In addition, the composite material has a shape memory effect, when the compression strain at room temperature is 5%, the composite material is heated to 350 ℃ and is kept warm for 5 hours, the strain of the composite material is automatically recovered, and the proportion of the recovered strain to the total strain is 98.5%.
Example 2:
in this example, a titanium-nickel alloy reinforced magnesium alloy matrix composite material having a three-dimensional interpenetrating network structure was prepared. The raw materials used include titanium-nickel alloy powder (average particle size 15 μm, titanium to nickel atomic ratio 1: 1), AZ91D magnesium alloy. The preparation process comprises the following steps:
1) this step is the same as step 1) in example 1;
2) the difference between the step and the step 2) in the embodiment 1 is that the metal used for impregnating the nickel-titanium alloy framework is AZ91D magnesium alloy, and the impregnation temperature is 860 ℃;
3) this step is the same as step 3) in example 1.
The density of the composite material is 3.4g/cm through testing3The compressive strength is 400MPa, and the compressive plastic strain exceeds 30 percent. In addition, the composite material has a shape memory effect, when the compression strain amount at room temperature is 5%, the composite material is heated to 300 ℃ and kept for 5 hours, the strain of the composite material is automatically recovered, and the proportion of the recovered strain amount in the total strain amount is 96.4%.
Example 3:
in this example, a titanium-nickel alloy reinforced magnesium-based composite material having a three-dimensional interpenetrating network structure was prepared. The raw materials used include titanium-nickel alloy powder (average particle size 15 μm, titanium to nickel atomic ratio 1: 1), magnesium metal. The preparation process comprises the following steps:
1) this step is similar to step 1) in example 1, except that the 3D printed titanium nickel alloy skeleton structure is different, see fig. 5.
2) This step is the same as step 2) in example 1;
3) this step is similar to step 3) of example 1, except that the volume fraction of the titanium nickel alloy reinforcement in the composite material is 64%.
The density of the composite material is 4.1g/cm through testing3The compressive strength is 590MPa, and the compressive plastic strain exceeds 25%. In addition, the composite material has a shape memory effect, when the compression strain at room temperature is 5%, the composite material is heated to 350 ℃ and is kept warm for 5 hours, the strain of the composite material is automatically recovered, and the proportion of the recovered strain to the total strain is 99.4%.
The embodiment result shows that the composite material has excellent performances of light weight, high strength, high plasticity and the like and a shape memory function, namely the room temperature deformation can be partially or completely recovered above the martensite phase transition temperature, and meanwhile, the structure and the mechanical property can be designed and effectively controlled by a 3D printing technology, so that the composite material has considerable application prospect as a novel structure function integrated material.
Claims (3)
1. The shape memory alloy reinforced magnesium-based composite material with the three-dimensional interpenetrating network structure is characterized by consisting of a shape memory alloy reinforcement and a magnesium or magnesium alloy matrix, wherein the content of the shape memory alloy reinforcement is 10-80% by volume percentage, and the balance is the magnesium or magnesium alloy matrix; the composite material has a three-dimensional interpenetrating network structure, and is characterized in that the reinforcement and the matrix respectively have independent topological structures and are interpenetrated and complementarily combined in a three-dimensional space;
the martensite phase transition temperature of the shape memory alloy is matched with the creep temperature of the magnesium or the magnesium alloy, the composite material has certain shape memory effect, namely after the composite material is subjected to plastic deformation at room temperature, the deformation of the composite material can be automatically recovered when the composite material is heated to the martensite phase transition temperature of the shape memory alloy, and when the total room temperature strain does not exceed 20%, the recovery strain accounts for more than 1% of the total strain;
the preparation method of the shape memory alloy reinforced magnesium-based composite material with the three-dimensional interpenetrating network structure comprises the following steps:
1) designing a shape memory alloy reinforcement framework with a network topological structure, establishing a three-dimensional model of the framework, introducing the model into a metal 3D printer formed by utilizing a laser selective melting technology, and preparing shape memory alloy powder into the shape memory alloy reinforcement framework with a designed structure through 3D printing;
in the step 1), the particle size of the shape memory alloy powder is 1-200 mu m, the shape memory alloy reinforcement framework has a three-dimensional network topological structure, the porosity of the framework is 20-90%, the average pore diameter is 0.01-3 mm, and the diameter of the connecting rib is 0.005-2.5 mm;
2) putting the shape memory alloy reinforcement framework printed in the step 1) and magnesium or magnesium alloy into a crucible, putting the crucible into melting equipment, heating under vacuum or protective atmosphere to melt the magnesium or magnesium alloy and impregnating the magnesium or magnesium alloy reinforcement framework into the shape memory alloy reinforcement framework;
3) stopping heating, taking the crucible out of the smelting equipment after the magnesium or the magnesium alloy is solidified and cooled, and obtaining the shape memory alloy reinforced magnesium-based composite material with the three-dimensional interpenetrating network structure.
2. The shape memory alloy reinforced magnesium-based composite material with the three-dimensional interpenetrating network structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the compressive strength of the composite material is 250-800 MPa, the compressive strain is greater than 10%, and the density is 2.2-4.2 g/cm3。
3. The shape memory alloy reinforced magnesium-based composite material with the three-dimensional interpenetrating network structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 2), the crucible is one of a graphite crucible, a magnesium oxide crucible, a corundum crucible, a 45 steel crucible and a nickel crucible, the protective atmosphere is one of argon, nitrogen and helium, the heating temperature exceeds the melting point of magnesium or magnesium alloy, is 650-1000 ℃, and is kept for 1-100 min; the shape memory alloy framework is infiltrated by the molten metal in vacuum, and the vacuum degree is-0.005 to-0.5 MPa.
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