CN111745162A - Shape memory alloy reinforced magnesium-based composite material with three-dimensional interpenetrating network structure and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Shape memory alloy reinforced magnesium-based composite material with three-dimensional interpenetrating network structure and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a magnesium-based composite material with a three-dimensional interpenetrating network structure and reinforced by a 3D printed shape memory alloy reinforcement framework and a preparation method thereof. The composite material consists of a shape memory alloy reinforcement with the volume fraction of 10-80% and a magnesium or magnesium alloy matrix, has a three-dimensional interpenetrating network structure, and is characterized in that the reinforcement and the matrix respectively have independent topological structures and are interpenetrated and complementarily combined in a three-dimensional space. The preparation method of the composite material comprises the following steps: preparing a shape memory alloy reinforcement framework with a network topological structure by adopting a 3D printing technology, infiltrating the framework by utilizing molten magnesium or magnesium alloy melt under a vacuum or protective atmosphere, and solidifying and cooling to obtain the composite material. The composite material has high strength, large plasticity and strong controllability of structure and mechanical properties, has a certain shape memory effect, namely the room temperature deformation can be partially or completely recovered above the martensite phase transition temperature, and has considerable application prospect as a novel structure function integrated material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of metal matrix composite materials, in particular to a 3D-printed shape memory alloy reinforcement framework-reinforced magnesium matrix composite material with a three-dimensional interpenetrating network structure and a preparation method thereof.
Background
On the premise of ensuring safe service, the lightweight of the structural material is realized, and the weight of the structural part can be effectively reduced, so that the energy is saved, the environmental pollution is reduced, and the method has important scientific significance and practical value. For example, in the field of transportation, the lightweight design of automobiles can improve fuel efficiency, reduce fuel consumption and exhaust emission, and thus has become one of the main trends in the development of automobiles nowadays. The realization of lightweight of structural materials mainly depends on the improvement of mechanical properties such as specific strength and specific stiffness. Magnesium and magnesium alloys have a low density (pure magnesium density of 1.74 g/cm)3) And the composite material shows outstanding specific strength and specific stiffness, and has good damping, shock absorption, heat conduction, electromagnetic shielding and other functional characteristics, so that the composite material is widely applied to the fields of transportation, biomedicine, electronic products and the like.
However, magnesium and magnesium alloys still have low absolute strength and rigidity and poor wear resistance and heat resistance, and simultaneously exhibit low high-temperature strength and high-temperature creep resistance, compared to metal structural materials such as steel, titanium alloys, aluminum alloys, and the like, which greatly limits their application as lightweight structural materials. The preparation of magnesium-based composites by introducing a reinforcing phase into a magnesium or magnesium alloy matrix is one of the effective approaches to solve the above problems. A commonly used method of compounding is to introduce randomly and uniformly distributed particles or fibers of the reinforcing phase into the magnesium or magnesium alloy matrix. However, the organization structure of the traditional magnesium-based composite material is difficult to accurately design and control, so that the mechanical property of the material cannot be effectively regulated and controlled, and the combination of the reinforcing phase and the matrix is realized only through a phase interface, so that the problems of stress concentration, cracking and the like of the phase interface are easily generated. In addition, the prior magnesium and magnesium alloy composite material can not recover the initial shape after plastic deformation, and the damage generated by the deformation is difficult to automatically repair, which causes the irreversible reduction of the material performance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a shape memory alloy reinforced magnesium-based composite material with a three-dimensional interpenetrating network structure and a preparation method thereof, which utilize a shape memory alloy framework with a network topological structure to reinforce magnesium and magnesium alloy, and adopt a 3D printing technology to realize the precise design and control of a reinforcement structure in the magnesium-based composite material, thereby obviously improving the strength, rigidity and wear resistance of magnesium and magnesium alloy on the premise of not obviously improving the density of the material, endowing the material with a certain shape memory function, and enabling the room-temperature plastic deformation of the material to be automatically recovered when the material is heated to the martensite phase transition temperature of the shape memory alloy.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the composite material consists of a shape memory alloy reinforcement and a magnesium or magnesium alloy matrix, wherein the content of the shape memory alloy reinforcement is 10-80% by volume percent, and the balance is the magnesium or magnesium alloy matrix; the composite material has a three-dimensional interpenetrating network structure, and shows that the reinforcement and the matrix respectively have independent topological structures and are interpenetrated and complementarily combined in a three-dimensional space.
The composite material has the compression strength of 250-800 MPa, the compression strain capacity of more than 10 percent and the density range of 2.2-4.2 g/cm3。
The composite material has a certain shape memory effect, namely after the composite material is subjected to plastic deformation at room temperature, the deformation of the composite material can be automatically recovered when the composite material is heated to a temperature higher than the martensitic transformation temperature of the shape memory alloy, and when the total room temperature strain amount is not more than 20%, the recovery strain amount accounts for more than 1% of the total strain amount.
The preparation method of the shape memory alloy reinforced magnesium-based composite material with the three-dimensional interpenetrating network structure comprises the following steps:
1) designing a shape memory alloy reinforcement framework with a network topological structure, establishing a three-dimensional model of the framework, introducing the model into a metal 3D printer formed by utilizing a laser selective melting technology, and preparing shape memory alloy powder into the shape memory alloy reinforcement framework with a designed structure through 3D printing;
2) putting the shape memory alloy reinforcement framework printed in the step 1) and magnesium or magnesium alloy into a crucible, putting the crucible into melting equipment, heating under vacuum or protective atmosphere to melt the magnesium or magnesium alloy and impregnating the magnesium or magnesium alloy reinforcement framework into the shape memory alloy reinforcement framework;
3) stopping heating, taking the crucible out of the smelting equipment after the magnesium or the magnesium alloy is solidified and cooled, and obtaining the shape memory alloy reinforced magnesium-based composite material with the three-dimensional interpenetrating network structure.
In the step 1), the particle size of the shape memory alloy powder is 1-200 mu m, the shape memory alloy reinforcement framework has a three-dimensional network topology structure, the porosity of the framework is 20-90%, the average pore diameter is 0.01-3 mm, and the diameter of the connecting rib is 0.005-2.5 mm.
In the step 2), the crucible is one of a graphite crucible, a magnesium oxide crucible, a corundum crucible, a 45 steel crucible and a nickel crucible, the protective atmosphere is one of argon, nitrogen and helium, the heating temperature exceeds the melting point of magnesium or magnesium alloy, is 650-1000 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1-100 min; the shape memory alloy framework infiltrated by the metal melt is infiltrated by adopting non-pressure infiltration or vacuum infiltration, and if the shape memory alloy framework is infiltrated by adopting vacuum, the vacuum degree is between-0.005 and-0.5 MPa.
The design idea of the invention is as follows:
1) the melting point of the shape memory alloy is far higher than that of magnesium or magnesium alloy, and the shape memory alloy does not react with molten magnesium or magnesium alloy, so that the composite material can be prepared by a method of impregnating the magnesium or magnesium alloy melt into the shape memory alloy framework, and a reinforcement in the obtained composite material is metallurgically bonded with a matrix, has high interface strength, and thus shows ideal strengthening and rigidifying effects;
2) the martensite phase transition temperature of the shape memory alloy is matched with the creep deformation temperature of the magnesium or the magnesium alloy, so that a certain shape memory function can be endowed to the material, and after the material is subjected to plastic deformation at room temperature and is heated to the temperature higher than the martensite phase transition temperature of the shape memory alloy, the shape memory effect of the reinforcement framework can drive the magnesium or the magnesium alloy matrix to creep, so that the deformation of the whole material can be automatically recovered;
3) the composite material has a three-dimensional interpenetrating network structure, so that the reinforcement and the matrix can be connected not only by virtue of an interface, but also can form a whole by virtue of mechanical interlocking of mutual interpenetration and communication, the stress concentration at the interface is favorably reduced, and the coordination of stress conduction and deformation between two phases is enhanced;
4) the 3D printing technology can realize the rapid molding of the shape memory alloy reinforcement framework, and can accurately design and control the three-dimensional network topology structure of the framework, thereby realizing the effective regulation and control of the structure and mechanical property of the composite material.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1) the composite material provided by the invention has the advantages that on the premise of not obviously increasing the density of magnesium or magnesium alloy, the strength, rigidity, wear resistance and high-temperature creep resistance of the material are obviously improved, and the composite material has good plastic deformation capacity;
2) the preparation method of the composite material fully exerts the advantages of the 3D printing technology, and the three-dimensional network topological structure of the reinforcement framework can be accurately designed and controlled in a large range, so that the structure and the mechanical property of the composite material can be effectively regulated and controlled;
3) the composite material has a certain shape memory effect, namely after the composite material is subjected to plastic deformation at room temperature, the deformation of the composite material can be automatically recovered when the composite material is heated to the temperature above the martensitic transformation temperature of the shape memory alloy, and when the total room temperature strain does not exceed 20%, the proportion of the recovered strain in the total strain is more than 1%.
4) The preparation method of the composite material has the advantages of simple process, short period, high efficiency, strong designability and controllability, and is suitable for being popularized to other material systems.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a three-dimensional model diagram of a titanium-nickel alloy skeleton with network topology as designed in example 1.
Fig. 2 is a physical diagram (a) and a three-dimensional X-ray structural diagram (b) of a titanium-nickel alloy skeleton prepared by the 3D printing technique of example 1.
Fig. 3 is a diagram (a) and a three-dimensional X-ray structure (b) of the titanium-nickel alloy reinforced magnesium-based composite material with the three-dimensional interpenetrating network structure prepared in example 1.
Fig. 4 is a graph of room temperature compressive stress-strain curves of the ti-ni alloy reinforced mg-based composite material with three-dimensional interpenetrating network structure prepared in example 1 and its comparison with pure mg.
FIG. 5 is a three-dimensional model diagram of a titanium-nickel alloy skeleton with network topology as designed in example 3.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
in the specific implementation process, the shape memory alloy reinforced magnesium-based composite material with the three-dimensional interpenetrating network structure and the preparation method thereof are as follows:
the composite material consists of a shape memory alloy reinforcement with the volume fraction of 10-80% (preferably 20-70%) and a magnesium or magnesium alloy matrix, has a three-dimensional interpenetrating network structure, and is characterized in that the reinforcement and the matrix respectively have independent topological structures and are interpenetrated and complementarily combined in a three-dimensional space. The preparation method of the composite material comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of preparing a shape memory alloy reinforcement framework with a network topological structure by using shape memory alloy powder through a 3D printing technology, infiltrating the framework by using molten magnesium or magnesium alloy melt under vacuum or protective atmosphere, and solidifying and cooling to obtain the composite material. Wherein the grain diameter of the shape memory alloy powder is 1-200 μm (preferably 5-70 μm), the porosity of the shape memory alloy reinforcement framework is 20-90% (preferably 30-80%), the temperature of heating infiltration exceeds the melting point of magnesium or magnesium alloy, the temperature is 650-1000 ℃, the metal melt infiltration is carried out to the shape memory alloy framework by non-pressure infiltration or vacuum infiltration, and if the vacuum infiltration is carried out, the vacuum degree is-0.005-0.5 MPa (preferably-0.005-0.1 MPa).
The present invention will be further illustrated by the following examples, which are to be construed as merely illustrative and not limitative of the remainder of the disclosure.
Example 1:
in this example, a titanium-nickel alloy reinforced magnesium-based composite material having a three-dimensional interpenetrating network structure was prepared. The raw materials used include titanium-nickel alloy powder (average particle size 15 μm, titanium to nickel atomic ratio 1: 1), magnesium metal. The preparation process comprises the following steps:
1) a titanium-nickel alloy reinforcement framework with a network topological structure is designed by utilizing three-dimensional visual entity simulation software Autodesk Inventor Professional (AIP2019), a three-dimensional model of the framework is built, as shown in figure 1, the network topological structure of the model is built on the basis of a triple-period minimum surface principle, the model is led into a Realizer SLM 100 type metal 3D printer formed by utilizing a laser selective melting technology, under the protection of argon gas, titanium-nickel alloy powder is prepared into the titanium-nickel alloy reinforcement framework with the designed structure through 3D printing, Yb, YAG (trivalent ytterbium ion doped yttrium aluminum) laser is selected, the power is 200W, the diameter of a laser beam spot is 40 mu m, the powder spreading thickness is 50 mu m, the laser scanning speed is 200mm/s, the scanning gap is 100 mu m, the titanium-nickel alloy reinforcement framework is naturally cooled under the protection of argon gas, the printed titanium-nickel alloy framework is shown in figure 2, and the size of the framework is 10 × × mm3The porosity is 70%, the aperture is about 1-2 mm, and the diameter of the connecting edge is about 1 mm;
2) putting the titanium-nickel alloy reinforcement framework obtained by printing in the step 1) into a high-purity graphite crucible (the carbon content of graphite is more than 99.9 wt%) with the diameter of 10cm, placing 25g of metal magnesium above the framework, placing the crucible into a vacuum resistance furnace, heating the crucible from room temperature to 850 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min in an argon environment, and preserving the heat for 5 min.
3) Stopping heating, cooling to room temperature at the speed of 5 ℃/min, taking out the crucible, and taking out the composite material from the crucible to obtain the titanium-nickel alloy reinforced magnesium-based composite material with the three-dimensional interpenetrating network structure. In the physical representation, the dark portions are the titanium-nickel alloy reinforcement and the light portions are the magnesium matrix, as shown in fig. 3. In the three-dimensional X-ray structure diagram, the light color part is a titanium-nickel alloy reinforcement, and the dark color part is a magnesium matrix. The volume fraction of the titanium-nickel alloy reinforcement in the composite material is 30%, and the titanium-nickel alloy reinforcement and the magnesium matrix respectively have independent topological structures and are interpenetrated and complementarily combined in a three-dimensional space to form a three-dimensional interpenetrating network structure.
The density of the composite material is 3.2g/cm through testing3The compressive strength was 320MPa and the compressive plastic strain exceeded 35%, see FIG. 4. In addition, the composite material has a shape memory effect, when the compression strain at room temperature is 5%, the composite material is heated to 350 ℃ and is kept warm for 5 hours, the strain of the composite material is automatically recovered, and the proportion of the recovered strain to the total strain is 98.5%.
Example 2:
in this example, a titanium-nickel alloy reinforced magnesium alloy matrix composite material having a three-dimensional interpenetrating network structure was prepared. The raw materials used include titanium-nickel alloy powder (average particle size 15 μm, titanium to nickel atomic ratio 1: 1), AZ91D magnesium alloy. The preparation process comprises the following steps:
1) this step is the same as step 1) in example 1;
2) the difference between the step and the step 2) in the embodiment 1 is that the metal used for impregnating the nickel-titanium alloy framework is AZ91D magnesium alloy, and the impregnation temperature is 860 ℃;
3) this step is the same as step 3) in example 1.
The density of the composite material is 3.4g/cm through testing3The compressive strength is 400MPa, and the compressive plastic strain exceeds 30 percent. In addition, the composite material has a shape memory effect, when the compression strain amount at room temperature is 5%, the composite material is heated to 300 ℃ and kept for 5 hours, the strain of the composite material is automatically recovered, and the proportion of the recovered strain amount in the total strain amount is 96.4%.
Example 3:
in this example, a titanium-nickel alloy reinforced magnesium-based composite material having a three-dimensional interpenetrating network structure was prepared. The raw materials used include titanium-nickel alloy powder (average particle size 15 μm, titanium to nickel atomic ratio 1: 1), magnesium metal. The preparation process comprises the following steps:
1) this step is similar to step 1) in example 1, except that the 3D printed titanium nickel alloy skeleton structure is different, see fig. 5.
2) This step is the same as step 2) in example 1;
3) this step is similar to step 3) of example 1, except that the volume fraction of the titanium nickel alloy reinforcement in the composite material is 64%.
The density of the composite material is 4.1g/cm through testing3The compressive strength is 590MPa, and the compressive plastic strain exceeds 25%. In addition, the composite material has a shape memory effect, when the compression strain at room temperature is 5%, the composite material is heated to 350 ℃ and is kept warm for 5 hours, the strain of the composite material is automatically recovered, and the proportion of the recovered strain to the total strain is 99.4%.
The embodiment result shows that the composite material has excellent performances of light weight, high strength, high plasticity and the like and a shape memory function, namely the room temperature deformation can be partially or completely recovered above the martensite phase transition temperature, and meanwhile, the structure and the mechanical property can be designed and effectively controlled by a 3D printing technology, so that the composite material has considerable application prospect as a novel structure function integrated material.
Claims (6)
1. The shape memory alloy reinforced magnesium-based composite material with the three-dimensional interpenetrating network structure is characterized by consisting of a shape memory alloy reinforcement and a magnesium or magnesium alloy matrix, wherein the content of the shape memory alloy reinforcement is 10-80% by volume percent, and the balance is the magnesium or magnesium alloy matrix; the composite material has a three-dimensional interpenetrating network structure, and shows that the reinforcement and the matrix respectively have independent topological structures and are interpenetrated and complementarily combined in a three-dimensional space.
2. The shape memory alloy reinforced magnesium-based composite material with the three-dimensional interpenetrating network structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the compressive strength of the composite material is 250-800 MPa, the compressive strain is greater than 10%, and the density is 2.2-4.2 g/cm3。
3. The shape memory alloy reinforced magnesium-based composite material with the three-dimensional interpenetrating network structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the composite material has a shape memory effect, that is, after the composite material is plastically deformed at room temperature, the deformation of the composite material can be automatically recovered when the composite material is heated to a temperature higher than the martensitic transformation temperature of the shape memory alloy, and when the total room temperature strain amount is not more than 20%, the recovery strain amount accounts for more than 1% of the total strain amount.
4. The method for preparing a shape memory alloy reinforced magnesium matrix composite with a three-dimensional interpenetrating network structure according to one of claims 1 to 3, comprising the following steps:
1) designing a shape memory alloy reinforcement framework with a network topological structure, establishing a three-dimensional model of the framework, introducing the model into a metal 3D printer formed by utilizing a laser selective melting technology, and preparing shape memory alloy powder into the shape memory alloy reinforcement framework with a designed structure through 3D printing;
2) putting the shape memory alloy reinforcement framework printed in the step 1) and magnesium or magnesium alloy into a crucible, putting the crucible into melting equipment, heating under vacuum or protective atmosphere to melt the magnesium or magnesium alloy and impregnating the magnesium or magnesium alloy reinforcement framework into the shape memory alloy reinforcement framework;
3) stopping heating, taking the crucible out of the smelting equipment after the magnesium or the magnesium alloy is solidified and cooled, and obtaining the shape memory alloy reinforced magnesium-based composite material with the three-dimensional interpenetrating network structure.
5. The preparation method of the shape memory alloy reinforced magnesium-based composite material with the three-dimensional interpenetrating network structure as claimed in claim 4, wherein in the step 1), the particle size of the shape memory alloy powder is 1-200 μm, the shape memory alloy reinforcement framework has a three-dimensional network topology structure, the porosity of the framework is 20% -90%, the average pore diameter is 0.01-3 mm, and the diameter of the connecting rib is 0.005-2.5 mm.
6. The preparation method of the shape memory alloy reinforced magnesium-based composite material with the three-dimensional interpenetrating network structure according to claim 4, wherein in the step 2), the crucible is one of a graphite crucible, a magnesium oxide crucible, a corundum crucible, a 45 steel crucible and a nickel crucible, the protective atmosphere is one of argon, nitrogen and helium, the heating temperature exceeds the melting point of magnesium or magnesium alloy, is 650-1000 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1-100 min; the shape memory alloy framework infiltrated by the metal melt is infiltrated by adopting non-pressure infiltration or vacuum infiltration, and if the shape memory alloy framework is infiltrated by adopting vacuum, the vacuum degree is between-0.005 and-0.5 MPa.
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| CN113441702A (en) * | 2021-05-27 | 2021-09-28 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | Double-alloy penetration structure with strong wear-resisting property and preparation method thereof |
| CN113600792A (en) * | 2021-07-15 | 2021-11-05 | 北京交通大学 | Spatial two-phase continuous structure Ti2AlC/Mg-based composite material and pressureless infiltration preparation method thereof |
| CN113881875A (en) * | 2021-10-13 | 2022-01-04 | 上海交通大学 | Three-dimensional framework structure metal reinforced aluminum matrix composite material and preparation method thereof |
| CN114277275A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-04-05 | 华中科技大学 | Preparation method of high-damping Mg-phase-reinforced NiTi composite material |
| CN114277275B (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-08-30 | 华中科技大学 | Preparation method of high-damping Mg-phase-reinforced NiTi composite material |
| CN114806133A (en) * | 2022-03-18 | 2022-07-29 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Preparation method of light, high-strength and high-energy-absorption composite material |
| CN114806133B (en) * | 2022-03-18 | 2024-03-22 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Preparation method of light, high-strength and high-energy-absorption composite material |
| CN114749679A (en) * | 2022-03-25 | 2022-07-15 | 重庆大学 | Porous frame structure reinforced magnesium-based composite material and preparation method thereof |
| CN115505778A (en) * | 2022-09-26 | 2022-12-23 | 广东省科学院新材料研究所 | Magnesium-titanium composite material and preparation method thereof |
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