CN111745115B - Forging die and method for forging sprocket body - Google Patents

Forging die and method for forging sprocket body Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111745115B
CN111745115B CN202010703050.1A CN202010703050A CN111745115B CN 111745115 B CN111745115 B CN 111745115B CN 202010703050 A CN202010703050 A CN 202010703050A CN 111745115 B CN111745115 B CN 111745115B
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die
punch
forging
face
die body
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CN111745115A (en
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季贵昌
邢利民
苏贤柱
刘建军
张泽明
蔺立鹏
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Shandong Chengtong Forging Co ltd
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Shandong Chengtong Forging Co ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21JFORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J13/00Details of machines for forging, pressing, or hammering
    • B21J13/02Dies or mountings therefor
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21KMAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K1/00Making machine elements
    • B21K1/28Making machine elements wheels; discs
    • B21K1/30Making machine elements wheels; discs with gear-teeth

Abstract

The invention discloses a forging die and a method for forging a sprocket body by using the same, wherein the forging die comprises a lower die and an upper die, wherein the lower die is arranged on a lower workbench of forging equipment; the method is characterized in that: the lower die comprises a die body and a lower cushion die positioned at the bottom of an inner cavity of the die body; the upper die comprises an upper punch head, a first punch head and a second punch head, wherein the first punch head and the second punch head are used for gradually reaming the central hole; the die body, the lower cushion die and the upper die enclose a cavity of the forge piece; circular bosses are respectively machined in the middle of the lower end face of the upper punch and on the lower end face of the second punch, and the circular bosses are the same as the lower end face of the first punch in shape and size; and the upper end surface of the first punch and the upper end surface of the second punch are respectively provided with a positioning groove matched with the circular boss. The chain wheel body with higher height can be integrally forged and formed, the production cost is low, and the obtained chain wheel body is stable in quality and long in service life.

Description

Forging die and method for forging sprocket body
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of sprocket body production, in particular to a forging die and a method for forging a sprocket body by using the same.
Background
The chain wheel body is an important part of a chain wheel assembly and mainly comprises a tooth-shaped structure which is arranged layer by layer, the traditional chain wheel body is generally processed in a mode of milling teeth on round steel by a lathe, on one hand, the processing mode is time-consuming and labor-consuming in operation, multiple subsequent processing and finishing steps are carried out, the working efficiency is low, and meanwhile, more leftover materials are cut by the milled teeth, so that the material waste is serious; on the other hand, the metal fiber structure of the round steel is cut off by the processing mode, so that local stress concentration is caused, the strength requirement in working is difficult to meet, and the service life of the product is seriously influenced.
In addition to the above-described lathe gear milling method, the machining may be performed by forging, but the current forging method is only suitable for machining sprockets with small heights, and is not suitable for machining sprockets with large heights. The high-strength chain wheel body is mainly shown to be influenced by a die and a forging process, so that a die cavity cannot be completely filled with materials, particularly a tooth part of the chain wheel body is incompletely filled, the product quality is unqualified, and the rejection rate of the product is high. Consequently through current forging mode, can only forge high lower sprocket, can't realize high higher sprocket and forge, when producing high higher sprocket at present, produce a plurality of sprockets through current forging process, then with sprocket welded fastening layer upon layer, realize the preparation of sprocket, this kind of mode still has extravagant manpower and time, problem that manufacturing cost is high, and welding part is insecure moreover, reduces the life of sprocket. Therefore, a forging method capable of realizing integral forging and forming of a sprocket body with a high height is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a forging die and a method for forging a sprocket body thereof, by which a sprocket body with a high height can be integrally forged and formed, and which has a low production cost, and the obtained sprocket has a stable quality and a long service life.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect of the invention, a forging die is provided, which comprises a lower die arranged on a lower workbench of a forging device and an upper die arranged on an upper workbench of the forging device; the lower die comprises a die body and a lower cushion die positioned at the bottom of an inner cavity of the die body; the upper die comprises an upper punch head, a first punch head and a second punch head, wherein the first punch head and the second punch head are used for gradually reaming the central hole; the die body, the lower cushion die and the upper die enclose a cavity of the forge piece;
circular bosses are respectively machined in the middle of the lower end face of the upper punch and on the lower end face of the second punch, and the circular bosses are the same as the lower end face of the first punch in shape and size; and the upper end surface of the first punch and the upper end surface of the second punch are respectively provided with a positioning groove matched with the circular boss.
Preferably, the die body is externally sleeved with a prestressed ring for fixing and reinforcing the die body, the die body is in interference fit with the prestressed ring, and the inner hole of the prestressed ring and the excircle of the die body are both provided with slopes. The inclination makes things convenient for the prestressing force circle to fix the die body on the one hand, and on the other hand can make the prestressing force circle further play the reinforcing effect to the intensity of die body.
Preferably, a fixing table is arranged on the prestressed ring, a pressing ring is placed on the fixing table, the pressing ring is fixed with the lower connecting plate through a screw, and the lower connecting plate is connected with a lower workbench of the forging equipment. The prestressed ring is compressed by the pressing ring, so that the whole lower die is fixed.
Preferably, a concave circular table is processed on the upper surface of the lower connecting plate, a lower cushion plate is arranged in the concave circular table, the upper surface of the lower cushion plate protrudes out of the concave circular table, a positioning concave table is arranged on the lower end surface of the die body, and the positioning concave table is arranged on the upper surface of the lower cushion plate; and positioning key grooves are correspondingly arranged on the lower end surfaces of the lower connecting plate and the die body respectively, and a positioning key is fixed on the lower backing plate, wherein one part of the positioning key is positioned in the positioning key groove of the lower connecting plate, and the other part of the positioning key is positioned in the positioning key groove of the lower end surface of the die body. The lower backing plate is positioned through the concave circular table, and the positioning in the vertical direction of the die body is realized through the matching of the lower backing plate and the pressing ring. The cooperation of locating key and location keyway can prevent that the die body from rotating, realizes the location of die body on the horizontal direction.
Preferably, the middle parts of the lower cushion plate and the lower connecting plate are correspondingly provided with through holes for the ejector rods to pass through, and the upper ends of the ejector rods penetrate through the through holes to be in contact with the lower surface of the lower cushion mold.
Preferably, the lower cushion mould is directly placed at the bottom of the inner cavity of the mould body.
In the using process, the ejector rod moves upwards to eject the lower cushion die and the forge piece positioned above the lower cushion die out of the die body under the action of the ejection device of the forging and pressing equipment. In order to facilitate ejection, a gap is reserved between the lower cushion die and the inner cavity of the die body.
Preferably, the upper end of the die body is detachably connected with the upper sleeve of the die body. Because the size of the forged and pressed forge piece is large, the die body cavity is deep, the whole processing difficulty of the die is large, the die body upper sleeve mainly plays a role in guiding and positioning, and the bearing pressure is small, the die body upper sleeve and the die body are designed and processed in a split mode, the depth of the die cavity can be conveniently processed in place, and the forging quality of the forge piece is guaranteed.
Preferably, the die body is provided with a positioning pin hole in a sleeved mode, the die body is provided with a bolt hole corresponding to the positioning pin hole in a processed mode, and the corresponding positioning pin hole and the bolt hole are internally connected with a bolt, so that the die body and the die body are fixedly connected in a sleeved mode.
Preferably, the upper punch is fixed on an upper connecting plate through a bolt, and the upper connecting plate is installed on an upper workbench of the forging equipment.
Preferably, the number of the second punches is at least one. The number of the second punches is selected according to the height of the forged piece to be machined, and then the forging frequency is selected so as to meet the forging requirements of the forged pieces with different heights. In this embodiment, the number of the second punches is one.
Preferably, the circular boss is matched with the positioning groove, specifically, the circular boss can be correspondingly embedded into the positioning groove, and no space capable of moving exists.
In a second aspect of the invention, there is provided the use of a forging die as described above in the production of a sprocket body.
In a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for forging a sprocket body, including the steps of:
(1) heating the blank, putting the heated blank into the inner cavity of the die body of the forging die, starting forging equipment to enable the upper punch to press downwards, pressing the blank into the inner cavity of the die body by the upper punch, and simultaneously pressing a corresponding indentation on the upper end face of the blank by the circular boss on the upper punch to finish primary forging;
(2) putting the lower end face of the first punch into an indentation of the upper end face of the blank, and aligning the circular boss of the upper punch with the positioning groove of the upper end face of the first punch to press down to finish secondary forging;
(3) and (3) placing the circular boss on the lower end face of the second punch into the positioning groove on the upper end face of the first punch, aligning the circular boss on the upper punch with the positioning groove on the upper end face of the second punch, pressing downwards, completing forging and pressing for three times, and realizing forging forming.
Preferably, in step (1), the blank is heated to a temperature of 1100-.
Preferably, in the step (1), the pressure of the primary forging is 3000-5000 KN.
Preferably, the pressure of the secondary forging and the pressure of the third forging are 70000-80000 KN.
And a circular boss on the upper punch presses a corresponding indentation on the upper end face of the blank, and the lower end face of the first punch is placed in the indentation on the upper end face of the blank, so that the first punch is ensured to be positioned at the central position of the blank.
The round boss of the lower end face of the second punch is placed into the positioning groove of the upper end face of the first punch, the round boss of the upper punch is aligned with the positioning groove of the upper end face of the second punch and pressed downwards, the first punch and the second punch can be guaranteed to be coaxial, and the first punch and the second punch are prevented from deflecting in the forging process.
According to the invention, through progressive reaming and forging, the forging and forming of the sprocket body with higher height are realized, and the cooperation of the die and the forging process solves the problem of difficulty in forging and forming the sprocket body with higher height, and can realize the forging and processing of the sprocket body with height over 350 mm.
After the forge piece is formed, the ejector rod moves upwards under the driving of the ejection device of the forging equipment to support the lower cushion die, so that the forge piece, the first punch and the second punch are ejected out of the die body together.
In a fourth aspect of the present invention, a sprocket body is provided that is prepared using the forging method described above.
Preferably, the sprocket body has a height of more than 350 mm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. by the forging die and the forging method, the sprocket body with higher height is integrally forged and formed, the operation is time-saving and labor-saving, the subsequent processing steps are reduced, and the working efficiency is greatly improved; the problem of forge the shaping degree of difficulty to the higher sprocket body in prior art is solved, the sprocket body that highly surpasss 350mm can be realized and the processing is forged.
2. The chain wheel body metal streamline forged by the method is distributed along the teeth, the metal streamline is not cut off continuously, and the service life of the chain wheel body is greatly prolonged.
3. The die structure can ensure that the die cavity is completely filled with materials, particularly the tooth part of the sprocket body is also fully filled with the die cavity, and the forging quality of the sprocket is ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an assembly structure of a forging die according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of a mold body according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of the mold body of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic top view of the upper punch of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a schematic top view of the upper case of the mold body of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic top view of the lower cushion mold of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of FIG. 7;
FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional structural view of the pre-stressed ring of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic top view of the pressing ring of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the first punch of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic structural view of a second punch of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a schematic top view of the lower connecting plate of the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the lower connecting plate of the present invention;
FIG. 15 is a schematic top view of the sprocket body forging of the present invention;
fig. 16 is a schematic sectional view along the direction C-C in fig. 15.
FIG. 17 is a pictorial view of a sprocket body forging of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. the die body comprises an upper connecting plate, 2, an upper punch, 3, a die body upper sleeve, 4, a pressing ring, 5, a prestressed ring, 6, a die body, 7, a second punch, 8, a first punch, 9, a lower cushion die, 10, a lower cushion plate, 11, a push rod, 12, a lower connecting plate, 13, a positioning key, 14, a concave platform, 15, a screw rod, 16, a positioning key groove, 17 and a positioning concave platform.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
As described in the background art, the first mode of processing a sprocket body is to perform processing by milling teeth on round steel through a lathe, and on one hand, the processing mode is time-consuming and labor-consuming in operation, and has various subsequent processing and finishing steps, low working efficiency and serious material waste; on the other hand, the metal streamline of the round steel is cut off and damaged, and the service life of the product is seriously influenced. The second mode is that a plurality of less sprockets of height are produced through current forging process, then with sprocket welded fastening layer upon layer, realize the preparation of sprocket body, this kind of mode still has extravagant manpower and time, high problem of manufacturing cost, and welding back bulk strength can not be fine moreover satisfies the operation requirement, reduces the life of sprocket body. Therefore, a forging method capable of realizing integral forging and forming of a sprocket body with a high height is urgently needed.
Based on the structure, the upper die of the die is divided into the upper punch, the first punch and the second punch, and the upper punch, the first punch and the second punch are structurally arranged, so that progressive reaming forging can be realized. The lower die structure of the die is divided into the die body and the lower cushion die, and the die body is separately connected with the die body upper sleeve, so that the die is convenient to process, the processing precision of the die is ensured, and a foundation is made for product forging.
In order to make the technical solutions of the present application more clearly understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solutions of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1 to 14, a forging die includes a lower die mounted on a lower table of a forging apparatus and an upper die mounted on an upper table of the forging apparatus; the lower die comprises a die body 6 and a lower cushion die 9 positioned at the bottom of an inner cavity of the die body 6; the upper die comprises an upper punch 2, a first punch 8 and a second punch 7 for gradually reaming a central hole; and the die body 6, the lower cushion die 9 and the upper die enclose a cavity of the forge piece.
Circular bosses are respectively machined in the middle of the lower end face of the upper punch 2 and on the lower end face of the second punch 7, and the circular bosses are the same as the lower end face of the first punch 8 in shape and size; and the upper end surface of the first punch 8 and the upper end surface of the second punch 7 are respectively provided with a positioning groove matched with the circular boss. The circular boss is matched with the positioning groove, and the circular boss can be correspondingly embedded into the positioning groove without a movable space.
The die body 6 is externally sleeved with a prestressed ring 5 for fixing and reinforcing the die body 6, the die body 6 is in interference fit with the prestressed ring 5, and the inner hole of the prestressed ring 5 and the outer circle of the die body 6 are both provided with slopes. Therefore, on one hand, the prestressed ring 5 is convenient to fix the die body 6, and on the other hand, the prestressed ring 5 can further strengthen the strength of the die body 6.
A fixing table is arranged on the prestressed ring 5, a pressing ring 4 is placed on the fixing table, the pressing ring 4 is fixed with a lower connecting plate 12 through a screw 15, and the lower connecting plate 12 is connected with a lower working table of forging equipment. The prestressed ring 5 is pressed tightly by the pressing ring 4, so that the whole lower die is fixed.
A concave circular table 14 is processed on the upper surface of the lower connecting plate 12, a lower cushion plate 10 is placed in the concave circular table 14, the upper surface of the lower cushion plate 10 protrudes out of the concave circular table 14, a positioning concave table 17 is arranged on the lower end surface of the die body 6, and the positioning concave table 17 is placed on the upper surface of the lower cushion plate 10; and positioning key grooves 16 are correspondingly arranged on the lower end surfaces of the lower connecting plate 12 and the die body 6 respectively, a positioning key 13 is fixed on the lower backing plate 10, one part of the positioning key 13 is positioned in the positioning key groove 16 of the lower connecting plate 12, and the other part of the positioning key 13 is positioned in the positioning key groove 16 of the lower end surface of the die body 6. The lower cushion plate 10 is positioned through the concave circular truncated cone 14, and the positioning in the vertical direction of the die body 6 is realized through the matching of the lower cushion plate 10 and the pressing ring 4. The matching of the positioning key 13 and the positioning key groove 16 can prevent the die body 6 from rotating, and realize the positioning of the die body 6 in the horizontal direction.
Through holes for the ejector rods 11 to pass through are correspondingly formed in the middle parts of the lower cushion plate 10 and the lower connecting plate 12, and the upper ends of the ejector rods 11 penetrate through the through holes to be in contact with the lower surface of the lower cushion die 9.
The lower cushion die 9 is directly placed at the bottom of the inner cavity of the die body 6. In the using process, under the action of the ejection device of the forging equipment, the ejector rod 11 moves upwards to eject the lower cushion die 9 and the forge piece above the lower cushion die 9 out of the die body 6. In order to facilitate ejection, a gap is reserved between the lower cushion die 9 and the inner cavity of the die body 6.
The upper end of the die body 6 is detachably connected with an upper sleeve of the die body 6. Because the size of the forged and pressed forge piece is larger, the cavity of the die body 6 is deeper, the whole processing difficulty of the die is larger, the die body upper sleeve 3 mainly plays a role in guiding and positioning, and the borne pressure is smaller, so that the die body upper sleeve 3 and the die body 6 are designed and processed in a split manner, the depth of the die cavity of the die can be conveniently processed in place, and the forging quality of the forge piece is ensured. Positioning pin holes are processed on the die body upper sleeve 3, bolt holes corresponding to the positioning pin holes are processed on the die body 6, and bolts are connected in the corresponding positioning pin holes and the bolt holes, so that the die body 6 and the die body upper sleeve 3 are connected and fixed.
The upper punch 2 is fixed on the upper connecting plate 1 through bolts, and the upper connecting plate 1 is installed on an upper workbench of the forging equipment. At least one second punch 7 is provided. The number of the second punch heads 7 is selected according to the height of the forged piece to be machined, and then the forging frequency is selected, so that the forging requirements of the forged pieces with different heights can be met. In this embodiment, the second punch 7 is one.
The method for forging the sprocket body by using the forging die comprises the following steps:
(1) heating the blank to 1200 ℃, putting the blank into the inner cavity of the die body 6 of the forging die, starting forging equipment to enable the upper punch 2 to press downwards, pressing the blank into the inner cavity of the die body 6 by the upper punch 2, and simultaneously pressing a corresponding indentation on the upper end face of the blank by the circular boss on the upper punch 2 to complete primary forging with the pressure of 3000 KN;
(2) putting the lower end face of the first punch 8 into an indentation of the upper end face of the blank, aligning the circular boss of the upper punch 2 with the positioning groove of the upper end face of the first punch 8, and pressing downwards to complete secondary forging, wherein the pressure of the secondary forging is 80000 KN;
(3) and (3) placing the circular boss on the lower end face of the second punch 7 into the positioning groove on the upper end face of the first punch 8, aligning the circular boss on the upper punch 2 and the positioning groove on the upper end face of the second punch 7, pressing downwards to complete three-time forging, wherein the pressure of the three-time forging is 80000KN, and realizing forging forming.
The sprocket body forging forged by the forging method described above is shown in fig. 15, 16, and 17.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims (4)

1. A forging method of a sprocket body is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) heating the blank, putting the heated blank into an inner cavity of a die body of a forging die, starting forging equipment to enable an upper punch to press downwards, pressing the blank into the inner cavity of the die body by the upper punch, and simultaneously pressing a corresponding indentation on the upper end face of the blank by a circular boss on the upper punch to finish primary forging;
(2) putting the lower end face of the first punch into an indentation of the upper end face of the blank, and aligning the circular boss of the upper punch with the positioning groove of the upper end face of the first punch to press down to finish secondary forging;
(3) placing the circular boss on the lower end face of the second punch into the positioning groove on the upper end face of the first punch, aligning the circular boss on the upper punch with the positioning groove on the upper end face of the second punch, and pressing downwards to complete three-time forging and pressing to realize the molding of the sprocket body;
wherein the height of the chain wheel body exceeds 350mm, and the forging die comprises a lower die arranged on a lower workbench of the forging equipment and an upper die arranged on an upper workbench of the forging equipment; the lower die comprises a die body and a lower cushion die positioned at the bottom of an inner cavity of the die body; the upper die comprises an upper punch head, a first punch head and a second punch head, wherein the first punch head and the second punch head are used for gradually reaming the central hole; the die body, the lower cushion die and the upper die enclose a cavity of the forge piece; circular bosses are respectively machined in the middle of the lower end face of the upper punch and on the lower end face of the second punch, and the circular bosses are the same as the lower end face of the first punch in shape and size; the upper end face of the first punch and the upper end face of the second punch are respectively provided with a positioning groove matched with the circular boss, and the upper end of the die body is detachably connected with the upper sleeve of the die body.
2. The forging method for a sprocket body as recited in claim 1, wherein: the die body is sleeved with a prestressed ring used for fixing and reinforcing the die body, the die body is in interference fit with the prestressed ring, and the inner hole of the prestressed ring and the excircle of the die body are both provided with slopes.
3. The forging method for a sprocket body as recited in claim 2, wherein: arranging a fixed table on the prestressed ring, placing a pressing ring on the fixed table, fixing the pressing ring with a lower connecting plate through a screw rod, and connecting the lower connecting plate with a lower workbench of the forging equipment; a concave circular table is processed on the upper surface of the lower connecting plate, a lower cushion plate is arranged in the concave circular table, the upper surface of the lower cushion plate protrudes out of the concave circular table, a positioning concave table is arranged on the lower end surface of the die body, and the positioning concave table is arranged on the upper surface of the lower cushion plate; and positioning key grooves are correspondingly arranged on the lower end surfaces of the lower connecting plate and the die body respectively, and a positioning key is fixed on the lower backing plate, wherein one part of the positioning key is positioned in the positioning key groove of the lower connecting plate, and the other part of the positioning key is positioned in the positioning key groove of the lower end surface of the die body.
4. The forging method for a sprocket body as recited in claim 3, wherein: and through holes for the ejector rods to pass through are correspondingly formed in the middle parts of the lower base plate and the lower connecting plate, and the upper ends of the ejector rods penetrate through the through holes to be in contact with the lower surface of the lower base plate die.
CN202010703050.1A 2020-07-21 2020-07-21 Forging die and method for forging sprocket body Active CN111745115B (en)

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CN113020526A (en) * 2021-03-08 2021-06-25 哈尔滨轴承集团公司 Bearing forging die forming punch

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