CN111742923A - 一种打破流苏树夏季休眠的调节剂和方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种打破流苏树夏季休眠的调节剂，由以下物质组成：赤霉素、细胞分裂素、尿素和芸苔素；所述赤霉素、细胞分裂素、尿素和芸苔素的重量份数为：40‑250:1:3000:0.03。本发明提供的打破流苏树夏季休眠的调节剂和方法，可以打破流苏树夏季休眠，使得流苏树长高、更健壮。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及农林领域，尤其涉及一种打破流苏树夏季休眠的调节剂和方法。
背景技术
流苏树（Chionanthus retusus Lindl.et Paxt.），又名牛筋子、乌金子、茶叶树、四月雪，木犀科（Oleaceae）流苏树属（Chionanthus）落叶乔木，双子叶植物，单叶对生，叶片革质或薄革质，长圆形、椭圆形或圆形，有时卵形或倒卵形至倒卵状披针形，叶柄密被或疏被短毛，雌雄异株。产于中国甘肃、陕西、山西、河北、河南以及南至云南、四川、广东、福建、台湾等省，朝鲜半岛、日本也有分布。
流苏树花、叶可代茶，并具有一定的药用价值；果实含油量丰富，可作为油料来源；材质细密，可制作算盘、器具；流苏树枝叶繁茂，树形优美，开花时满树雪白，还是一种优良的观赏树种；流苏树可用作砧木嫁接桂花，亲和力好；另外流苏树也是优良的造林树种。由于流苏树较高的经济价值，使其野生种群不断遭到破坏，单纯地依靠自然更替无法满足市场需求。因此，人工培育流苏和造林是十分必要的。但是，在夏季７、８月份高温天气，流苏树会自身遗传因素和外界高温环境的影响，生长缓慢，甚至会停止生长进入休眠，成材周期相对较长。现有技术中有采用遗传变异和古生物化石等方法来试图改变流苏树夏季休眠，促使流苏树生长、缩短生长周期、提高生产量，方法复杂不易实现。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种打破流苏树夏季休眠的调节剂和方法，可以打破流苏树夏季休眠，使得流苏树长高、更健壮，容易操作容易实现。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明提供的打破流苏树夏季休眠的调节剂和方法是这样实现的：
一种打破流苏树夏季休眠的调节剂，由以下物质组成：赤霉素、细胞分裂素、尿素和芸苔素；所述赤霉素、细胞分裂素、尿素和芸苔素的重量份数为：40-250:1:3000:0.03。
可选的，所述赤霉素、细胞分裂素、尿素和芸苔素的重量份数为：40:1:3000:0.03。
可选的，所述赤霉素、细胞分裂素、尿素和芸苔素的重量份数为：50:1:3000:0.03。
可选的，所述赤霉素、细胞分裂素、尿素和芸苔素的重量份数为：60:1:3000:0.03。
可选的，所述赤霉素、细胞分裂素、尿素和芸苔素的重量份数为：100:1:3000:0.03。
可选的，所述赤霉素、细胞分裂素、尿素和芸苔素的重量份数为：250:1:3000:0.03。
可选的，所述赤霉素为GA3。
可选的，所述细胞分裂素为6-BA。
一种打破流苏树夏季休眠的方法，使用权利要求1中所述调节剂从夏初到秋初，喷施在流苏树的整株叶片、枝条和顶芽，每15-20天喷施一次，共喷施5次。
可选的，所述喷施使用超低容量喷雾器喷施。
本发明提供的打破流苏树夏季休眠的调节剂，赤霉素和细胞分裂素配合使用，促进顶芽和侧芽萌发，促进枝条生长，打破休眠；芸苔素促使枝条长粗长壮；尿素为流苏树生长提供养分。按照本发明提供的方法喷施后，枝条长度的增加明显优于没有喷施本发明调节剂的流苏树，喷施调节剂的流苏树比没有喷施调节剂的流苏树长势更健壮。本发明提供的打破流苏树夏季休眠的调节剂，相对于现有技术中采用遗传变异和古生物化石等方法来试图改变流苏树夏季休眠，促使流苏树生长，本发明使用方法简单、操作方便。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
本发明试验在河南省郑州市惠济区黄河滩区进行，属暖温带大陆性气候，冷暖适中、四季分明。试验所用材料为4年生流苏实生苗，样地面积约200m2，根据不同激素处理把流苏树分为1个对照组和6个处理组，对照组喷施清水，6个处理组分别喷施其对应的调节剂，如表一所示。试验从2016年开始到2018年结束，共三年时间，每年5月开始每15-20天喷施一次调节剂，到8月底结束，使用超低容量喷雾器喷施，共喷施5-6次，分别在7月和9月进行数据测量。每个组流苏树不少于30株，从中选取9株长势一致的健康植株作为固定的测量对象。其中，赤霉素使用GA3；细胞分裂素使用6-BA，即6-苄氨基嘌呤。
表一不同调节剂处理对照表
| 处理 | 赤霉素(mg/L) | 细胞分裂素(mg/L) | 芸苔素(mg/L) | 尿素(mg/L) |
| CK | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 一 | 100 | 2.00 | 0.03 | 3000 |
| 二 | 200 | 5.00 | 0.03 | 3000 |
| 三 | 300 | 5.00 | 0.03 | 3000 |
| 四 | 200 | 2.00 | 0.03 | 3000 |
| 五 | 500 | 2.00 | 0.03 | 3000 |
| 六 | 500 | 10.0 | 0.03 | 3000 |
本发明分别对生长量和比叶重进行了测量，以确定喷施调节剂的流苏树生长的更快更健壮。
其中，生长量是选取植株中下部3条长势相近的枝条，在7月初测定其长度，再在9月底测定其长度，两者相减得出枝条生长长度；每组9株流苏树共27条枝条，平均得出每组枝条生长量；分别在2016年、2017年和2018年记录生长量，三年每组生长量平均数据，如表二所示。
表二 2016-2018年生长量处理对照表
| CK（cm） | 一（cm） | 二（cm） | 三（cm） | 四（cm） | 五（cm） | 六（cm） |
| 10.32 | 22.67 | 24.67 | 20.67 | 23.00 | 23.25 | 21.78 |
从表二可以看出，喷施调节剂的流苏树枝条生长更长，更快；说明本发明打破流苏树夏季休眠的调节剂能够促进流苏树夏季生长，打破其夏季休眠，缩短生长周期，提高流苏树生产量。
本发明测量比叶重，每组取长势基本一致的3株，东、西、南、北四个方向四个方向分别取6片叶子，每株共计取24片叶子，测叶面积、长、宽和周长，置于冰盒带回实验室。叶片在自来水中冲洗，再用去离子水冲洗2次，滤纸吸干表面水分，称量叶片鲜重；105℃鼓风烘箱中杀青20min，80℃下烘干至恒重，大约1天，称其干重，计算比叶重。本发明分别计算得到2016年、2017年和2018年7月份的比叶重和9月份的比叶重，结果如表三所示。
表三 2016-2018年比叶重处理对照表
| CK | 一 | 二 | 三 | 四 | 五 | 六 | |
| 7月 | 0.011 | 0.013 | 0.008 | 0.011 | 0.012 | 0.011 | 0.012 |
| 9月 | 5.56 | 9.53 | 10.12 | 11.86 | 10.79 | 11.23 | 12.27 |
从表三可以看出，从7月到9月的比叶重增加量，对照组的比叶重增加量明显低于处理组的比叶重增加量，说明喷施本发明打破流苏树夏季休眠的调节剂的流苏树，生长健壮。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种打破流苏树夏季休眠的调节剂，其特征在于，由以下物质组成：赤霉素、细胞分裂素、尿素和芸苔素；所述赤霉素、细胞分裂素、尿素和芸苔素的重量份数为：40-250:1:3000:0.03。
2.根据权利要求1所述的打破流苏树夏季休眠的调节剂，其特征在于，所述赤霉素、细胞分裂素、尿素和芸苔素的重量份数为：40:1:3000:0.03。
3.根据权利要求1所述的打破流苏树夏季休眠的调节剂，其特征在于，所述赤霉素、细胞分裂素、尿素和芸苔素的重量份数为：50:1:3000:0.03。
4.根据权利要求1所述的打破流苏树夏季休眠的调节剂，其特征在于，所述赤霉素、细胞分裂素、尿素和芸苔素的重量份数为：60:1:3000:0.03。
5.根据权利要求1所述的打破流苏树夏季休眠的调节剂，其特征在于，所述赤霉素、细胞分裂素、尿素和芸苔素的重量份数为：100:1:3000:0.03。
6.根据权利要求1所述的打破流苏树夏季休眠的调节剂，其特征在于，所述赤霉素、细胞分裂素、尿素和芸苔素的重量份数为：250:1:3000:0.03。
7.根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的打破流苏树夏季休眠的调节剂，其特征在于，所述赤霉素为GA3。
8.根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的树打破流苏夏季休眠的调节剂，其特征在于，所述细胞分裂素为6-BA。
9.一种打破流苏树夏季休眠的方法，其特征在于，使用权利要求1中所述调节剂从夏初到秋初，喷施在流苏树的整株叶片、枝条和顶芽，每15-20天喷施一次，共喷施5次。
10.根据权利要求9所述的打破流苏树夏季休眠的方法，其特征在于，所述喷施使用超低容量喷雾器喷施。
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| CN (1) | CN111742923A (zh) |
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