CN111742687A

CN111742687A - Crawler-type cyperus esculentus harvester

Info

Publication number: CN111742687A
Application number: CN202010773029.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 朱劲澎
Original assignee: Xinxiang Deland Pharmaceutical Machinery Co ltd
Current assignee: Xinxiang Deland Pharmaceutical Machinery Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-08-04
Filing date: 2020-08-04
Publication date: 2020-10-09

Abstract

The invention relates to a crawler-type cyperus esculentus harvester, which adopts the technical scheme that a rack is respectively provided with a soil crushing feeding device, a lifting conveying device, an upper vibrating screen, an auger type soil throwing and crushing device, a lower vibrating screen, a transverse conveying vibrating screen and a material receiving and lifting mechanism, wherein the soil crushing feeding device, the lifting conveying device, the upper vibrating screen, the auger type soil throwing and crushing device, the lower vibrating screen, the transverse conveying vibrating screen and the material receiving and lifting mechanism are driven by an engine; the walking mechanism is a walking crawler arranged on two sides of the chassis; the invention has wide application range, integrates the functions of digging soil, breaking roots, separating, screening and recovering, is suitable for harvesting the cyperus esculentus with high efficiency, is convenient to move and has wide popularization prospect.

Description

Crawler-type cyperus esculentus harvester

Technical Field

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to a crawler-type cyperus esculentus harvester.

Background

In the past, the cyperus esculentus is excavated generally by manual excavation, so that the labor intensity is high and the efficiency is low. Some rhizome excavators appear in the market at present, the excavating efficiency is greatly improved, the labor intensity is reduced, for example, the cyperus esculentus combined harvester which is previously applied by the inventor and has the application number of '201320772694.1', the application range is small due to the structural problem, the cyperus esculentus combined harvester can only be used for one rhizome crop, the net yield is low, fruits often leak from gaps, the screening effect is not ideal, serious economic loss is caused, and due to the traction type, when the fruits are harvested to a certain weight, the fruits are light in front and heavy in back, and the front part is tilted, so that the fruits need to be unloaded 3-4 times in 1 mu of land, the working efficiency is low, and the using effect is unsatisfactory. The application number is 201620865285. X' a self-propelled shallow rhizome combine harvester, but in the using process, the self-propelled small-particle root and stem crop combine harvester is difficult to adapt to small-particle crops, has low yield, unsatisfactory screening effect, unclean separation and unsatisfactory using effect, causes serious economic loss, although the self-propelled small-particle root and stem crop combine harvester with the application number of 201710786754.8 which is previously applied by the applicant prolongs the screening length, however, because of the large number of screens and high positions, the machine has large vibration and cannot be used at all in practice, the effect of screening and improving the fruit screening effect and the yield of the small-particle root and stem crops is changed to be an idle idea, and the machine cannot be used at all, so that the self-propelled small-particle root and stem crop harvester which is previously applied by the applicant and has the application number of 2018205160320 solves the problems to the greatest extent, but in the practical application process, the following problems still exist: 1. the unit harvesting area is small, the most direct method for improving the unit harvesting area is to increase the harvesting width of the harvester, but after the width is increased, the weight is increased, and meanwhile, power matched with the weight is needed; this limits the overall width and weight of the machine, resulting in a small unit harvesting area; 2. due to the existence of the material receiving and lifting mechanism, the overall height is high, if the overall height exceeds 4.8m during transportation by a truck, the height limit of the lowest level of highway is also 4.5m, and the height limit of most expressways is 4.2m, so that the transportation cannot be carried out; 3. the vibration mode of the upper double-layer vibrating screen and the lower double-layer vibrating screen is as follows: the upper double-layer vibrating screen is driven to vibrate by the vibrating arm, the lower double-layer vibrating screen is driven to vibrate by the upper double-layer vibrating screen, and the lower force needs to be transmitted downwards after passing through the upper double-layer vibrating screen body, so that the upper double-layer vibrating screen is large in stress, high in vibrating force, large in energy consumption, easy to damage and short in service life; 4. in the screening process, larger and harder soil blocks are difficult to crush, and particularly in northern cold frozen soil areas and areas with harder soil blocks, the yield of cyperus esculentus harvesting is difficult to guarantee. Therefore, improvement and innovation thereof are imperative.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the situation, the invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide the crawler-type cyperus esculentus harvester which can effectively solve the problem of efficient harvesting of cyperus esculentus.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

a crawler-type cyperus esculentus harvester comprises a chassis, a cab, a rack and an engine, wherein the cab, the rack and the engine are arranged on the chassis, the chassis is provided with a traveling mechanism driven by the engine, the rack is respectively provided with a soil crushing and feeding device driven by the engine, a lifting and conveying device, an upper vibrating screen, an auger type soil throwing and crushing device, a lower vibrating screen, a transverse conveying vibrating screen and a material receiving and lifting mechanism, the feeding end of the soil crushing and feeding device is connected with the feeding end of the lifting and conveying device, the discharging end of the lifting and conveying device is connected with the feeding end of the upper vibrating screen, the discharging end of the lower vibrating screen is connected with the feeding end of the transverse conveying vibrating screen, the discharging end of the transverse conveying vibrating screen is connected with the feeding hole of the material receiving and lifting mechanism, a harvesting box is arranged on the rack above the upper vibrating screen, and the discharging hole of the;

the walking mechanism is a walking crawler arranged on two sides of the chassis;

the upper layer vibrating screen comprises an upper layer screen plate, the upper layer screen plate is a vibrating type conveying structure consisting of a small screen hole section positioned on the side of the feeding end and a large screen hole section positioned on the side of the discharging end, a first screen hole used for separating small-particle soil blocks and enabling a mixture of the cyperus esculentus and the rest soil blocks to be conveyed forwards continuously is arranged on the small screen hole section, and a second screen hole used for separating a mixture of the cyperus esculentus and larger-particle soil blocks and enabling the rest soil blocks to be conveyed forwards continuously is arranged on the large screen hole section;

the lower-layer vibrating screen is a double-layer vibrating type conveying structure consisting of a soil crushing conveying plate and a lower-layer sieve plate which are arranged alternately from top to bottom, the bottom of the soil crushing conveying plate is provided with a closed bottom plate which is used for conveying soil blocks separated from the small sieve pore sections of the upper-layer sieve plate forwards and finally falls into the ground, and the lower-layer sieve plate is provided with a third sieve pore which is used for separating the soil blocks and enabling the cyperus esculentus to be conveyed forwards continuously;

the feeding end of the upper-layer sieve plate is connected with the discharging end of the lifting conveying device, and the discharging end of the upper-layer sieve plate is longer than the lower-layer sieve plate and extends out of the rear end of the rack to form a first soil block discharging and backfilling structure;

the crushed soil conveying plate is positioned right below the small sieve hole section of the upper sieve plate, the discharge end of the crushed soil conveying plate is longer than the discharge end of the lower sieve plate and extends out of the rear end of the frame to form a second soil block discharging and backfilling structure;

the auger type soil throwing and breaking device comprises a shell, wherein a shell feeding hole communicated with an inner cavity of the shell is formed in the upper part of the shell, the shell feeding hole is positioned right below the starting end of the large sieve pore section, a shell discharging hole which is communicated with the inside and the outside is formed in the side wall of the shell, the bottom surface of the shell where the shell discharging hole is formed is arranged in an upward inclined manner from the inner cavity of the shell to the direction of the shell discharging hole to form a discharging guide plate, the inner cavity of the shell is rotatably connected with a shifting plate rotating shaft which is arranged along the length direction of the inner cavity of the shell, and a shifting plate used for shifting materials upwards from;

a flow guide collision plate is fixed on the frame along the discharging direction of the feed port of the shell, and comprises a top plate for crushing soil blocks and a flow guide plate for guiding materials into the feed end of the lower-layer sieve plate;

when the harvester is used, the walking crawler belt drives the harvester to walk, the cyperus esculentus fruits are shoveled out of soil by the soil crushing and feeding into the conveying belt of the lifting and conveying device after the large soil is primarily crushed, the cyperus esculentus fruits and the soil block mixture are fed into the upper layer vibrating screen by the lifting and conveying device and are conveyed forwards through vibration, the small-particle soil blocks are separated by the first screen holes and are conveyed downwards through the crushed soil conveying plate positioned right below the first screen holes in the vibrating and conveying process of the small screen hole section of the upper layer screen plate and finally fall onto the ground for backfilling, the cyperus esculentus fruits and the soil block mixture fall into the auger type soil throwing and crushing device from the second screen holes in the vibrating and conveying process of the large screen hole section of the upper layer screen plate, and simultaneously the large soil falls into the ground for backfilling from the discharge end of the upper layer screen; the cyperus esculentus fruit and soil block mixture entering the inner cavity of the shell of the auger type soil throwing and crushing device is crushed in the rotating and stirring process of the shifting plate, is thrown out from a shell discharge port along the flow guide direction of the discharge guide plate, falls into the lower-layer sieve plate after impacting the flow guide collision plate, is crushed into small soil blocks by impacting during the throwing, flying and colliding processes, falls into the lower-layer sieve plate and is conveyed in the opposite direction in a vibrating manner, the crushed small-particle soil blocks are further sieved in the vibrating conveying process, and finally the rest cyperus esculentus fruit and a small part of soil are conveyed into the material receiving and lifting mechanism through the transverse conveying vibrating screen, are conveyed to the upper part of the material receiving and lifting mechanism through the scraping disc on the conveying belt of the material receiving and lifting mechanism, and finally fall into the harvesting box through the discharge port of the material receiving and lifting.

Preferably, a first hanging wall is hinged between two sides of the upper-layer sieve plate where the small sieve pore section is located and the rack at the top, a second hanging wall is hinged between two sides of the upper-layer sieve plate where the large sieve pore section is located and the rack at the top, a vibrating arm is arranged on the first hanging wall, an eccentric wheel driven by an engine is arranged on the rack, an eccentric block is arranged on the eccentric wheel, one end of the vibrating arm is hinged with the eccentric block, and the other end of the vibrating arm is hinged with the first hanging wall, so that the vibrating type conveying structure of the upper-layer sieve plate is formed.

The soil crushing conveying plate and the lower layer sieve plate are connected together in an up-down interval mode through a plurality of groups of connecting plates on the side faces, each group of connecting plates comprises two bilateral symmetry plates, a group of transmission arms which are bilateral symmetry plates are arranged on the machine frame between the upper layer vibrating screen and the lower layer vibrating screen, two ends of each transmission arm extend upwards and downwards respectively, the middle of each transmission arm is rotatably connected with the machine frame through a pin shaft, a hinged driving arm is arranged on the first hanging wall, one end of each driving arm is hinged to the first hanging wall, the other end of each driving arm is hinged to the upper end of the corresponding side transmission arm, the lower end of each transmission arm is hinged to the connecting plate closest to the discharge end of the lower layer sieve plate, hinged second hanging arms are arranged on the other connecting plates, one end of each group of second hanging arms is hinged to the corresponding connecting plate, the other end of each group of.

Preferably, the aperture of the first sieve pore is 6-8mm, and the aperture of the second sieve pore is 20-25 mm; the aperture of the third sieve pore is 6-8 mm.

Preferably, the material receiving and lifting mechanism comprises a lifting frame which is inclined and arranged upwards, a feed inlet is formed in the lower end of the lifting frame, a discharge outlet is formed in the upper end of the lifting frame, a lower roller shaft is arranged on the lifting frame under the feed inlet, a lower roller is arranged on the lower roller shaft, an upper roller shaft is arranged on the lifting frame above the discharge outlet, an upper roller is arranged on the upper roller shaft, a conveying belt is wound between the upper roller and the lower roller, the conveying belt is provided with a fifth sieve mesh which is through from top to bottom, the surface of the conveying belt is provided with a scraping disc which protrudes vertically inwards, a feeding plate which inclines downwards towards the direction of the discharge outlet is arranged on the lifting frame where the discharge end of the upper end of the conveying belt is located, the harvesting box is arranged on the.

Preferably, the lifting frame is formed by hinging a fixed section at the lower part and an overturning section at the upper part together, the upper end of the fixed section and the lower end of the overturning section are hinged together through a pin shaft, a compression bolt on the side wall compresses and fixes the fixed section, a support column is arranged between the frame and the overturning section, the support column is formed by sequentially inserting a plurality of sections of splicing columns together from top to bottom, the splicing column at the lowest section is connected with the frame through a bolt, and the splicing column at the highest section is connected with the overturning section through a bolt.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:

1. the auger type soil throwing and breaking device is arranged between the upper vibrating screen and the lower vibrating screen, a mixture of the cyperus esculentus and soil blocks is thrown out to impact the flow guiding collision plate and then falls into the lower screen plate, and in the process of throwing, flying and colliding, the larger and harder soil blocks are broken into small soil blocks through impact, so that the adaptability to different soils is improved, and particularly in the northern cold frozen soil areas and the harder soil blocks, the yield of cyperus esculentus harvesting is greatly improved.

2. The upper layer vibrating screen is divided into two sections with different screen holes with different apertures, small granular soil blocks screened out by the small screen hole sections are downwards vibrated and conveyed from the soil crushing conveying plate and finally fall to the ground for backfilling, the mixture of the cyperus esculentus and the soil blocks on the large screen hole sections of the upper layer screen plate falls into the inner cavity of the auger type soil throwing and crushing device shell from the second screen holes for throwing and crushing, the large soil which cannot be screened by the second screen holes falls into the ground from the discharge end of the upper layer screen plate extending out of the upper layer screen plate for backfilling, the screened soil is guaranteed to be smoothly discharged, the accumulation of the soil is effectively avoided, the device is suitable for multi-stage screening of the mixture of the cyperus esculentus and the soil blocks, the cyperus esculentus is finally separated on the lower layer screen plate.

3. The transmission arm is arranged at the front ends of the upper vibrating screen and the lower vibrating screen, the transmission arm pushes the upper vibrating screen and the lower vibrating screen to vibrate simultaneously through the vibrating arm, the energy consumption is greatly reduced, the vibrating force does not need to be transmitted through the upper vibrating screen body, and the service life of the vibrating screen is prolonged.

4. When the crawler-type cyperus esculentus harvester is in the transportation process and the whole height is too high, the hold-down bolts on the side walls of the upper end of the fixed section and the lower end of the turnover section are dismounted, meanwhile, the fixing bolts between the splicing columns and the turnover section are dismounted, all the splicing columns are dismounted in sequence, the whole height of the material receiving lifting mechanism can be reduced by the aid of the lifting machine frame of the downward turnover section, and the requirement of height limitation in the transportation process of the harvester is met.

5. Due to the adoption of the crawler-type walking structure, the walking ground grabbing force is strong, the power is sufficient, so that when the width of the whole machine is increased, the walking weight and the power requirements are met, the unit harvesting area can be increased by increasing the width, the harvesting efficiency of the cyperus esculentus is greatly improved, when the width of the cyperus esculentus is smaller than the excavating width of the soil crushing and feeding device, the walking power can still be ensured, and meanwhile, because the width of the cyperus esculentus is smaller than the width of the scarifier blade of the soil crushing and feeding device, the walking part of the cyperus esculentus is a harvested field, so that the grinding damage to fruits is effectively prevented.

6. The conveying directions of the upper vibrating screen and the lower vibrating screen are opposite, and the vibrating forces are offset, so that the stability of the whole machine is greatly improved, the separation length is prolonged, and the net yield, the separation efficiency and the unit area harvesting efficiency are improved.

In a word, the invention has novel and unique structure, firm and reliable whole machine design, reasonable transmission and simple operation, can be used for mechanically and quickly harvesting small-particle root crops, can be used for preventing fruit from falling midway through a closed lifting and conveying device, can be used for high-position discharging bin, is convenient and quick to load, further improves the working efficiency, has wide application range, integrates multiple functions of digging soil, breaking roots, separating, screening and recovering, is suitable for harvesting high-efficiency cyperus esculentus, is convenient to move, has large popularization prospect, is an innovation on cyperus esculentus harvesting machinery, and has good social and economic benefits.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the harvesting direction of the cyperus esculentus of the invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the construction of the auger type soil throwing and breaking device of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the auger type soil throwing and breaking device of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a top view of the auger type soil throwing and breaking device of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an upper screen deck of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of the crushed soil conveying plate of the invention.

Fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of a lower deck of the present invention.

Fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of a screen plate of the transverse conveying vibrating screen of the invention.

Fig. 10 and 11 are schematic structural views of the front side surface and the rear side surface of the material receiving and lifting mechanism.

Fig. 12 is a schematic structural view of the material collecting and lifting mechanism of the present invention after being turned over and retracted.

FIG. 13 is a schematic view of the discharging direction of the discharging end of the material collecting and lifting mechanism of the present invention.

FIGS. 14 and 15 are enlarged partial cross-sectional views of the receiving lift mechanism belt of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The following describes embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As shown in figures 1-15, the invention comprises a chassis, a cab 6 arranged on the chassis, a frame 1 and an engine 4, wherein a traveling mechanism driven by the engine is arranged on the chassis, a soil crushing and feeding device 7, a lifting and conveying device 8, an upper vibrating screen, an auger type soil throwing and crushing device, a lower vibrating screen, a transverse conveying vibrating screen 24 and a material receiving and lifting mechanism 27 driven by the engine are respectively arranged on the frame 28, the feeding end of the soil crushing and feeding device 7 is connected with the feeding end of the lifting and conveying device 8, the discharging end of the lifting and conveying device 8 is connected with the feeding end of the upper vibrating screen, the discharging end of the lower vibrating screen is connected with the feeding end of the transverse conveying vibrating screen 24, the discharging end of the transverse conveying vibrating screen 24 is connected with a feeding port 27a of the lifting mechanism 27, a harvesting box 28 is arranged on the frame 1 above the upper vibrating screen, a discharging port 27b of the material receiving and lifting mechanism 27 is connected with a feeding port on the upper part of the, the walking mechanism is a walking crawler belt 2 arranged on two sides of the chassis;

the upper layer vibrating screen comprises an upper layer screen plate 14, the upper layer screen plate 14 is a vibrating type conveying structure consisting of a small screen hole section 14a positioned on the side of a feeding end and a large screen hole section 14b positioned on the side of a discharging end, a first screen hole 144 used for separating small-particle soil blocks and enabling a mixture of cyperus esculentus and residual soil blocks to be conveyed forwards continuously is arranged on the small screen hole section 14a, and a second screen hole 145 used for separating a mixture of cyperus esculentus and larger-particle soil blocks and enabling the residual soil blocks to be conveyed forwards continuously is arranged on the large screen hole section 14 b;

the lower layer vibrating screen is a double-layer vibrating type conveying structure consisting of a soil crushing conveying plate 18 and a lower layer screen plate 19 which are arranged alternately from top to bottom, the bottom of the soil crushing conveying plate 18 is provided with a closed bottom plate 181 which is used for conveying soil blocks separated from the small screen hole sections of the upper layer screen plate forwards and finally falls into the ground, and the lower layer screen plate 19 is provided with a third screen hole 194 which is used for separating the soil blocks and enabling the cyperus esculentus to be conveyed forwards continuously;

the feeding end of the upper-layer sieve plate is connected with the discharging end of the lifting conveying device 8, and the discharging end of the upper-layer sieve plate is longer than the lower-layer sieve plate and extends out of the rear end of the rack to form a first soil block discharging and backfilling structure;

the crushed soil conveying plate 18 is positioned right below the small sieve hole section 14a of the upper sieve plate, the discharge end of the crushed soil conveying plate is longer than that of the lower sieve plate and extends out of the rear end of the frame to form a second soil block discharging and backfilling structure;

the auger type soil throwing and breaking device comprises a shell 174, wherein a shell feeding hole 17a communicated with the inner cavity of the shell 174 is formed in the upper part of the shell 174, the shell feeding hole 17a is positioned right below the starting end of the large sieve pore section 14b, a shell discharging hole 17b communicated with the inside and the outside is formed in the side wall of the shell 174, the bottom surface of the shell where the shell discharging hole 17b is positioned is arranged in an upward inclined manner from the inner cavity of the shell to the direction of the shell discharging hole to form a discharging guide plate 175, the inner cavity of the shell 174 is rotatably connected with a shifting plate rotating shaft 171 arranged along the length direction of the inner cavity, and a shifting plate 174 used for shifting materials upwards from the shell discharging hole is arranged on;

a flow guide collision plate 20 is fixed on the frame along the discharging direction of the shell feeding port 17a, and the flow guide collision plate 20 comprises a top plate 201 for crushing soil blocks and a flow guide plate 202 for guiding materials to the feeding end of the lower-layer sieve plate 19;

In order to ensure the using effect, a first hanging wall 11 is hinged between two sides of an upper layer sieve plate where the small sieve pore section 14 is located and a rack at the top, a second hanging wall 25 is hinged between two sides of the upper layer sieve plate where the large sieve pore section is located and the rack at the top, a vibrating arm 10 is arranged on the first hanging wall 11, an eccentric wheel 9 driven by an engine is arranged on the rack 1, an eccentric block is arranged on the eccentric wheel 9, one end of the vibrating arm 10 is hinged with the eccentric block, and the other end of the vibrating arm is hinged with the first hanging wall 11 (a hinge point 11a), so that a vibrating type conveying structure of the upper layer sieve plate is formed.

The soil crushing conveying plate 18 and the lower layer sieve plate 19 are alternately arranged and connected together from top to bottom by a plurality of groups of connecting plates 23 on the side surface, each group of connecting plates 23 comprises two bilaterally symmetrical connecting plates, a group of bilaterally symmetrical transmission arms 13 are arranged on the machine frame between the upper layer vibrating screen and the lower layer vibrating screen, two ends of each transmission arm 13 respectively extend upwards and downwards, the middle part of the first hanging wall is rotationally connected with the frame through a pin shaft 13a, a hinged driving arm 12 is arranged on the first hanging wall 11, one end of the driving arm 12 is hinged with the first hanging wall (a hinged point 11b), the other end is hinged with the upper end of a corresponding side driving arm 13, the lower end of the driving arm 13 is hinged with a connecting plate which is closest to the discharge end of the lower-layer sieve plate, articulated second hanging arms 26 are arranged on the other connecting plates, one end of each group of second hanging arms 26 is articulated with the corresponding connecting plate, and the other end of each group of second hanging arms 26 is articulated with the frame to form a vibrating type conveying structure of the soil crushing conveying plate and the lower-layer sieve plate.

The upper end of the first hanging wall 11 is hinged with the frame, the lower end of the first hanging wall is hinged with the side wall of the upper-layer sieve plate, the upper end of the second hanging wall is hinged with the frame, and the lower end of the second hanging wall is hinged with the side wall of the upper-layer sieve plate, so that a vibration traction structure of the upper-layer sieve plate is formed.

In a self-propelled small-grain root crop harvester of the applicant's prior application No. 2018205160320 or a small-grain root crop screening device of the applicant's prior application No. 2018205160161, the upper double-deck vibrating screen and the lower double-deck vibrating screen are vibrated: drive the vibration of the double-deck shale shaker in upper portion through the vibrating arm, the double-deck shale shaker vibration of rethread upper portion drives the vibration of the double-deck shale shaker in lower part, the strength of lower floor needs to pass through the transmission again after the double-deck shale shaker body in upper portion, it is big to lead to the double-deck shale shaker atress in upper portion, the vibration power is high, the energy consumption is big, and lead to damaging easily, and short service life, and this application is owing to set up the driving arm at the front end of shale shaker, the conduction of this its power is promoted simultaneously through the vibrating arm, the vibration of lower floor's shale shaker, its energy consumption reduces greatly, the vibrational force need not conduct through the upper shale.

The aperture of the first sieve hole 144 is 6-8mm, and the aperture of the second sieve hole 145 is 20-25 mm; the aperture of the third sieve hole 194 is 6-8 mm. The first screen openings 144 and the third screen openings 194 each have a pore size less than or equal to the particle size of the cyperus esculentus fruit, and the second screen openings have a pore size greater than the particle size of the cyperus esculentus fruit.

The transverse conveying vibrating screen 24 is a vibrating conveying structure formed by transverse single-layer vibrating screen plates, and fourth screen holes 243 for further separating soil blocks to enable the cyperus esculentus to be conveyed forwards continuously are arranged on the transverse single-layer vibrating screen plates; the aperture of the fourth sieve pore is 6-8 mm. The aperture of the fourth sieve mesh is smaller than or equal to the grain diameter of the cyperus esculentus fruit.

And a baffle 191 which extends upwards and is positioned outside the guide plate is fixed at the end part of the lower-layer sieve plate 19. Effectively prevent the cyperus esculentus from falling down from the top through the guide plate and falling down from the end part of the lower-layer sieve plate, and guarantee that the cyperus esculentus can completely fall into the lower-layer vibrating screen for screening and conveying.

The upper layer vibrating screen and the lower layer vibrating screen are opposite in conveying direction and are arranged in a mode that the upper layer vibrating screen and the lower layer vibrating screen are inclined downwards towards the vibrating conveying direction, the length of the upper layer vibrating screen and the length of the lower layer vibrating screen are both 2.5-4.0m, the width of the upper layer vibrating screen and the width of the lower layer vibrating screen reach 1.5-2.5m, the separation length is greatly prolonged, and the net yield, the separation efficiency and the unit area harvesting efficiency are improved.

An illuminating lamp 6a is arranged above the front end of the cab 6, so that illumination during night operation is guaranteed.

The upper-layer sieve plate 14 comprises a first frame 141, a transverse support 142 is arranged on the first frame at the junction of the small sieve hole section 14a and the large sieve hole section 14b, a first sieve mesh is covered between the transverse support in the small sieve hole section 14a and the first frame, first sieve holes 144 are uniformly distributed on the first sieve mesh, a second sieve mesh is covered between the transverse support in the second sieve hole section 14b and the first frame, the second sieve holes 145 are uniformly distributed on the first sieve mesh, and first blocking edges 143 which vertically extend upwards are arranged on two sides of the first frame;

the soil crushing and conveying plate 18 comprises a closed bottom plate 181 and second flanges 182 arranged at two sides of the closed bottom plate;

the lower-layer sieve plate 19 comprises a second frame 192 and a third sieve mesh covering the center of the second frame, third sieve holes 194 are uniformly distributed on the third sieve mesh, and third retaining edges 193 which vertically extend upwards are arranged on two sides of the second frame 192;

the conveying directions of the upper layer vibrating screen and the lower layer vibrating screen are opposite, and the conveying directions of the lower layer vibrating screen and the transverse conveying vibrating screen are mutually vertical.

The discharge end of the upper-layer sieve plate is longer than the lower-layer sieve plate and extends out of the rear end of the rack, and large soil which cannot be sieved by the second sieve mesh falls into the ground from the discharge end of the extended upper-layer sieve plate and is backfilled; the crushed soil conveying plate is positioned right below the small sieve pore section of the upper sieve plate, so that small granular soil blocks screened from the small sieve pore section of the upper sieve plate are conveyed downwards by the crushed soil conveying plate in a vibration mode and finally fall to the ground for backfilling, the upper conveying plate 26a is a closed bottom plate and is arranged in a downward inclined mode, and the soil conveying mode of vibrating and sliding simultaneously ensures that screened soil is smoothly discharged, and effectively avoids soil accumulation; meanwhile, the mixture of the cyperus esculentus and the soil blocks on the large sieve pore section of the upper sieve plate falls into the inner cavity of the shell of the auger type soil throwing and crushing device from the second sieve pore, the soil blocks are crushed in the rotating and stirring process of the stirring plate and are finally thrown out from the discharge port of the shell along the flow guide direction of the discharge guide plate, the mixture collides with the flow guide collision plate and then falls into the lower sieve plate 19, and in the throwing, flying and collision processes, the larger and harder soil blocks are crushed into small soil blocks through collision, and finally separated on the lower sieve plate, so that the output rate of the cyperus esculentus is improved.

A first damping spring 22a is arranged between the upper-layer vibrating screen and the rack 1, a second damping spring 22b is arranged between the lower-layer vibrating screen and the rack 1, one end of the first damping spring is connected with the outer wall of the first flange of the upper-layer screen plate, and the other end of the first damping spring is connected with the rack; one end of the second damping spring is connected with the connecting plate 23, and the other end of the second damping spring is connected with the rack, so that the vibration screen is further buffered and damped.

The width of the walking crawler 2 is less than that of the soil crushing and feeding device.

The crushed soil feeding device is the prior art, and can adopt a crushed soil feeding device in a self-propelled small-particle root and stem crop harvester with the application number of 2018103257608 previously applied by the applicant. The effect of the device is that cyperus esculentus fruits are shoveled out of soil through the soil loosening knife, the large soil is primarily crushed through the soil crushing knife, and then the press roller on the conveying belt is provided to convey the large soil into the conveying belt of the lifting conveying device after the large soil is further crushed.

The walking crawler 2 comprises a left walking crawler and a right walking crawler which are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the chassis, the left walking crawler and the right walking crawler both comprise driving wheels 2a, driven wheels and crawler bodies wound on the driving wheels and the driven wheels, a gearbox 3 is arranged on the rack, a wheel shaft of the driving wheels is connected with an output shaft of the gearbox 3, a power input end of the gearbox 3 is connected with a power output end of the engine to form a crawler type walking structure, and the power input end of the speed reducer can perform power transmission with the output shaft of the engine through conventional transmission parts such as intermediate wheels or chains.

Due to the adoption of the crawler-type walking structure, the walking ground grabbing force is strong, the power is sufficient, the walking weight and the power requirements of the whole machine are met when the width of the whole machine is increased, the unit harvesting area can be increased by the width, the harvesting efficiency of the cyperus esculentus is greatly improved, the walking power can still be ensured when the width of the cyperus esculentus is smaller than the excavating width of the soil crushing and feeding device, and meanwhile, the walking part of the cyperus esculentus is a harvested field because the width of the cyperus esculentus is smaller than the width of the soil loosening knife of the soil crushing and feeding device, so that the crushing damage to fruits is effectively prevented.

The lifting conveying device comprises a lifting conveying belt which is obliquely arranged, the feeding end of the lifting conveying belt is connected with the discharging end of the conveying belt of the soil crushing feeding device, and soil block screening holes are formed in the conveying belt of the soil crushing feeding device and the lifting conveying belt to form a filtering type lifting conveying structure; the aperture of the soil block screening hole is larger than the grain diameter of the cyperus esculentus fruit.

The upper end of a support frame of the soil crushing and feeding device is hinged with the front end of the rack, and a first hydraulic cylinder 16a for adjusting the angle of the support frame is arranged between the support frame of the soil crushing and feeding device and the rack; the harvesting box 18 is provided with a second hydraulic cylinder 16b for overturning the harvesting box; the engine 4 is arranged on the frame above the upper layer vibrating screen between the cab 6 and the harvesting box 28, and the frame at one side of the engine 4 is also provided with an oil cylinder 5 corresponding to the first hydraulic cylinder and the second hydraulic cylinder.

A fan 15 is fixed on the rack above the upper-layer sieve plate 14, an air inlet of the fan 15 is opposite to the conveying surface of the upper-layer sieve plate 14, and a blowing guide plate 21 which extends towards the rear end of the rack and extends out of the rear end of the rack is arranged on the rack where an air outlet of the fan 15 is located.

The blowing guide plate comprises a guide plate body and baffles fixed on two sides of the guide plate body; the fan is used for sucking impurities such as lighter leaves in the mixture of the cyperus esculentus fruits and the soil blocks, blowing the impurities out of the blowing guide plate and finally discharging the impurities to the ground from the rear end of the rack.

The material receiving and lifting mechanism 27 comprises a lifting frame which is inclined and arranged upwards, a feeding port 27a is formed in the lower end of the lifting frame, a discharging port 27b is formed in the upper end of the lifting frame, a lower roller shaft 271 is arranged on the lifting frame under the feeding port 27a, a lower roller is arranged on the lower roller shaft 271, an upper roller shaft 272 is arranged on the lifting frame above the discharging port 27b, an upper roller 2711 is arranged on the upper roller shaft 272, a conveying belt 2712 is wound between the upper roller shaft and the lower roller shaft, the conveying belt 2712 is provided with a fifth sieve hole which is through up and down, a scraping disc 2713 which protrudes vertically and inwards is arranged on the surface of the conveying belt 2712, a feeding plate 2714 which inclines downwards towards the discharging port 27b is arranged on the lifting frame where the discharging end of the upper end of the conveying belt 2712 is positioned, a harvesting box 28 is arranged on the frame.

The aperture of the fifth sieve pore is smaller than or equal to the grain diameter of the cyperus esculentus fruit; the scraping plate 2713 is a container structure, and the mouth part of the scraping plate is oriented in the same direction as the conveying direction of the conveyor belt.

At the bottom of the conveyor belt 2712, a supporting roller (not shown) for preventing the conveyor belt from deforming downwards is rotatably arranged on the inner wall of the lifting frame.

The lifting frame is formed by hinging a fixed section 273 at the lower part and an overturning section 274 at the upper part together, the upper end of the fixed section 273 and the lower end of the overturning section 274 are hinged together through a pin 275, a pressing bolt 276 on the side wall is used for pressing and fixing, a support column is arranged between the frame and the overturning section 274 and is formed by sequentially inserting a plurality of sections of splicing columns 277 up and down, the splicing column at the lowest section is connected with the frame through a bolt, and the splicing column at the highest section is connected with the overturning section 274 through a bolt.

When the crawler-type cyperus esculentus harvester is in the transportation process and the overall height is too high, the pressing bolts 276 on the side walls of the upper end of the fixed section 273 and the lower end of the overturning section 274 are dismounted, the fixing bolts between the splicing columns and the overturning section are dismounted simultaneously, the splicing columns are dismounted in sequence (the diameters of the splicing columns are gradually decreased, the upper section of the splicing columns is inserted into the lower section of the splicing columns and is pressed and fixed by the fastening bolts 278), and the overall height of the material receiving lifting mechanism can be reduced by the lifting machine frame of the downwards overturning section.

One end of each of the lower roller shaft 271 and the upper roller shaft 272 extends out of the side wall of the lifting frame, a lower gear 271a is fixedly connected to the lower roller shaft 271 at the extending end, an upper gear 272a is fixedly connected to the upper roller shaft 272 at the extending end, and a transmission chain 274 is wound between the lower gear 271a and the upper gear 272 a; a support wheel 279 is mounted on the lifting frame between the drive chains 274, the chain drive power coming from the engine.

The using condition of the invention is that after the engine is started, the power is transmitted to each power element through the power transmission structures such as the chain wheel, the chain, the belt pulley and the belt (not shown) arranged on the frame, the power elements are driven to operate, the walking crawler drives the harvester to walk, the chufa fruit is shoveled out of the soil by the broken soil feeding device and is sent into the conveying belt of the lifting conveying device after the large soil is primarily crushed, the mixture of the chufa fruit and the soil blocks is sent into the upper layer vibrating screen (as shown by arrow A in figure 2) by the lifting conveying device and is conveyed forwards by vibration (as shown by arrow C in figure 2), meanwhile, the impurities such as lighter leaves in the mixture of the chufa fruit and the soil blocks on the upper layer vibrating screen are sucked away by the wind force of the fan and are blown out of the blowing guide plate and are finally discharged to the ground from the rear end of the frame (as shown by arrow B in figure 2), E. F), small-particle soil blocks are separated by the first sieve holes and fall onto a soil crushing conveying plate directly below the small-particle soil blocks in the vibrating conveying process of the small sieve hole section of the upper sieve plate (as shown by an arrow D in figure 2), then the small-particle soil blocks are vibrated and conveyed upwards and downwards on the soil crushing conveying plate and finally fall onto the ground for backfilling (as shown by an arrow M, N in figure 2), and the chufa fruit and soil block mixture is separated from the second sieve holes and falls into an auger type soil throwing and crushing device (as shown by an arrow G in figure 2) in the vibrating conveying process of the large sieve hole section of the upper sieve plate, and meanwhile, large-particle soil blocks fall onto the ground for backfilling (as shown by an arrow L in figure 2) from the discharge end of the upper sieve plate of the extending part; the mixture of the cyperus esculentus fruits and the soil blocks entering the inner cavity of the shell of the auger type soil throwing and breaking device breaks the soil blocks in the process of stirring by the counterclockwise rotation of the stirring plate, is finally thrown out from the discharge hole of the shell along the flow guide direction of the discharge guide plate (as shown by an arrow H in figure 2), and falls into the lower-layer sieve plate after impacting the flow guide collision plate (as shown by an arrow I in figure 2), in the process of throwing, flying and colliding, the larger and harder soil blocks are crushed into small soil blocks through collision, the small soil blocks fall into the lower sieve plate and are conveyed in a vibration mode in the opposite direction (as shown by an arrow J in figure 2), the crushed small-particle soil blocks are further sieved in the vibration conveying process, finally, the rest cyperus esculentus fruits and a small part of soil are conveyed into a material receiving and lifting mechanism through a transverse conveying vibration sieve (as shown by an arrow K in figure 2), the cyperus esculentus fruits are conveyed to the upper part of the material receiving lifting mechanism through a scraping disc on a conveying belt of the material receiving lifting mechanism, and finally fall into a harvesting box through a discharge hole of the material receiving lifting mechanism to complete the recovery of the cyperus esculentus fruits.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:

5. Due to the adoption of the crawler-type walking structure, the walking ground grabbing force is strong, the power is sufficient, the requirements on the walking weight and the power are met when the width of the whole machine is improved, the whole width can reach more than 2m, the unit harvesting area can be improved by increasing the width, the harvesting efficiency of the cyperus esculentus is greatly improved, the walking power can still be ensured when the width of the cyperus esculentus is smaller than the excavating width of the soil crushing and feeding device, and meanwhile, the walking part of the cyperus esculentus is a harvested field because the width of the cyperus esculentus is smaller than the width of a soil loosening knife of the soil crushing and feeding device, so that the crushing damage to fruits is effectively prevented.

Claims

1. A crawler-type cyperus esculentus harvester comprises a chassis, a cab (6) arranged on the chassis, a rack (1) and an engine (4), wherein a traveling mechanism driven by the engine is arranged on the chassis, a soil crushing and feeding device (7), a lifting and conveying device (8), an upper vibrating screen, an auger type soil throwing and crushing device, a lower vibrating screen, a transverse conveying vibrating screen (24) and a material receiving and lifting mechanism (27) driven by the engine are respectively arranged on the rack (28), the feeding end of the soil crushing and feeding device (7) is connected with the feeding end of the lifting and conveying device (8), the discharging end of the lifting and conveying device (8) is connected with the feeding end of the upper vibrating screen, the discharging end of the lower vibrating screen is connected with the feeding end of the transverse conveying vibrating screen (24), the discharging end of the transverse conveying vibrating screen (24) is connected with the feeding port (27a) of the material receiving mechanism (27), be provided with on frame (1) of upper shale shaker top and harvest case (28), discharge gate (27b) of receiving lifting mechanism (27) link to each other its characterized in that with the feed inlet on harvest case (28) upper portion:

the walking mechanism is a walking crawler belt (2) arranged on two sides of the chassis;

the upper layer vibrating screen comprises an upper layer screen plate (14), the upper layer screen plate (14) is a vibrating type conveying structure consisting of a small screen hole section (14a) located on the side of a feeding end and a large screen hole section (14b) located on the side of a discharging end, a first screen hole (144) used for separating small-particle soil blocks and enabling a mixture of cyperus esculentus and residual soil blocks to be conveyed forwards continuously is arranged on the small screen hole section (14a), and a second screen hole (145) used for separating a mixture of cyperus esculentus and larger-particle soil blocks and enabling residual soil blocks to be conveyed forwards continuously is arranged on the large screen hole section (14 b);

the lower-layer vibrating screen is a double-layer vibrating conveying structure consisting of a soil crushing conveying plate (18) and a lower-layer screen plate (19) which are arranged alternately from top to bottom, the bottom of the soil crushing conveying plate (18) is provided with a closed bottom plate (181) which is used for conveying soil blocks separated from small screen hole sections of the upper-layer screen plate forwards and finally falls into the ground, and the lower-layer screen plate (19) is provided with a third screen hole (194) which is used for separating the soil blocks and enabling cyperus esculentus to continue to convey forwards;

the feeding end of the upper-layer sieve plate is connected with the discharging end of the lifting conveying device (8), and the discharging end of the upper-layer sieve plate is longer than the lower-layer sieve plate and extends out of the rear end of the rack to form a first soil block discharging and backfilling structure;

the crushed soil conveying plate (18) is positioned right below the small sieve hole section (14a) of the upper sieve plate, the discharge end of the crushed soil conveying plate is longer than that of the lower sieve plate and extends out of the rear end of the frame to form a second soil block discharging and backfilling structure;

the auger type soil throwing and breaking device comprises a shell (174), wherein a shell feeding hole (17a) communicated with the inner cavity of the shell (174) is formed in the upper part of the shell (174), the shell feeding hole (17a) is positioned right below the starting end of the large sieve pore section (14b), a shell discharging hole (17b) which is communicated with the inside and the outside is formed in the side wall of the shell (174), the bottom surface of the shell where the shell discharging hole (17b) is positioned is inclined upwards from the inner cavity of the shell towards the direction of the shell discharging hole to form a discharging guide plate (175), a shifting plate rotating shaft (171) which is arranged along the length direction of the inner cavity of the shell (174) is rotatably connected with the inner cavity of the shell (174), and a shifting plate (174) which is used for shifting materials;

a flow guide collision plate (20) is fixed on the rack along the discharging direction of the shell feeding port (17a), and the flow guide collision plate (20) comprises a top plate (201) for crushing soil blocks and a flow guide plate (202) for guiding materials into the feeding end of the lower-layer sieve plate (19);

2. The crawler-type cyperus esculentus harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that a first hanging wall (11) is mounted between two sides of an upper sieve plate with a small sieve section (14) and a frame at the top, a second hanging wall (25) is mounted between two sides of the upper sieve plate with a large sieve section and the frame at the top, a vibrating arm (10) is mounted on the first hanging wall (11), an eccentric wheel (9) driven by an engine is mounted on the frame (1), an eccentric block is mounted on the eccentric wheel (9), one end of the vibrating arm (10) is hinged to the eccentric block, and the other end of the vibrating arm is hinged to the first hanging wall (11), so that a vibrating type conveying structure of the upper sieve plate is formed.

The soil crushing conveying plate (18) and the lower-layer sieve plate (19) are connected together in an upper-lower interval mode through a plurality of groups of connecting plates (23) on the side surfaces, each group of connecting plates (23) comprises two bilaterally symmetrical connecting plates, a group of bilaterally symmetrical transmission arms (13) are arranged on a rack between the upper-layer vibrating screen and the lower-layer vibrating screen, two ends of each transmission arm (13) extend upwards and downwards respectively, the middle part of each transmission arm (13) is rotatably connected with the rack through a pin shaft (13a), a hinged driving arm (12) is arranged on a first hanging wall (11), one end of each driving arm (12) is hinged with the first hanging wall, the other end of each driving arm is hinged with the upper end of the corresponding side transmission arm (13), the lower end of each transmission arm (13) is hinged with the connecting plate closest to the discharge end of the lower-layer sieve plate, hinged second hanging arms (26) are arranged on the other connecting plates, one, the other end is hinged with the frame to form a vibrating conveying structure of the soil crushing conveying plate and the lower layer sieve plate.

3. The tracked cyperus esculentus harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that the aperture of the first sieve opening (144) is 6-8mm and the aperture of the second sieve opening (145) is 20-25 mm; the aperture of the third sieve hole (194) is 6-8 mm.

4. A tracked cyperus esculentus harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that the cross-conveyor vibrating screen (24) is a vibrating conveyor structure consisting of a transverse single-layer vibrating screen plate on which a fourth screen hole (243) is provided for further separation of the clods and continued forward conveyance of the cyperus esculentus; the aperture of the fourth sieve pore is 6-8 mm.

5. The tracked cyperus esculentus harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that baffles (191) protruding upwards and located outside the deflector are fixed to the ends of the lower screen deck (19).

6. A tracked cyperus esculentus harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that the width of the walking track (2) is less than the width of the clod feed device.

7. The crawler-type cyperus esculentus harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that a fan (15) is fixed on the frame above the upper sieve plate (14), the air inlet of the fan (15) is opposite to the conveying surface of the upper sieve plate (14), and a blowing guide plate (21) which extends towards the rear end of the frame and extends out of the rear end of the frame is arranged on the frame where the air outlet of the fan (15) is located.

8. The crawler-type cyperus esculentus harvester according to claim 1, wherein the receiving lifting mechanism (27) comprises a lifting frame which is arranged obliquely upwards, a feeding port (27a) is arranged at the lower end of the lifting frame, a discharging port (27b) is arranged at the upper end of the lifting frame, a lower roller shaft (271) is arranged on the lifting frame right below the feeding port (27a), a lower roller is arranged on the lower roller shaft (271), an upper roller shaft (272) is arranged on the lifting frame above the discharging port (27b), an upper roller (2711) is arranged on the upper roller shaft (272), a conveying belt (2712) is wound between the upper roller and the lower roller, a fifth mesh which is communicated up and down is arranged on the conveying belt (2712), a scraping disc (2713) which protrudes vertically inwards is arranged on the surface of the conveying belt (2712), and a feeding plate (2714) which inclines downwards towards the discharging port (27b) is arranged on the lifting frame where the discharging end at the, the harvesting box (28) is arranged on the machine frame above the upper layer vibrating screen, and the discharge end of the feeding plate (2714) is positioned above the harvesting box (28).

9. The crawler-type cyperus esculentus harvester according to claim 8, wherein the lifting frame is formed by hinging a lower fixed section (273) and an upper turning section (274) together, the upper end of the fixed section (273) and the lower end of the turning section (274) are hinged together through a pin shaft (275), a pressing bolt (276) on a side wall is pressed and fixed, a support column is arranged between the frame and the turning section (274), the support column is formed by sequentially inserting a plurality of sections of splicing columns (277) up and down, the splicing column on the lowest section is connected with the frame through a bolt, and the splicing column on the highest section is connected with the turning section (274) through a bolt.

10. The crawler-type cyperus esculentus harvester according to claim 8, characterized in that one end of each of the lower roller shaft (271) and the upper roller shaft (272) extends out of the side wall of the lifting frame, a lower gear (271a) is fixedly connected to the lower roller shaft (271) extending out of one end, an upper gear (272a) is fixedly connected to the upper roller shaft (272) extending out of one end, and a transmission chain (274) is wound between the lower gear (271a) and the upper gear (272 a).