CN111735839B - Comprehensive testing device for heat conduction, expansion and crack expansion during high-temperature pyrolysis of oil shale - Google Patents
Comprehensive testing device for heat conduction, expansion and crack expansion during high-temperature pyrolysis of oil shale Download PDFInfo
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- 239000004058 oil shale Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 41
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000003079 shale oil Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 8
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 4
- 241000282414 Homo sapiens Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
- G01N25/16—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating thermal coefficient of expansion
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
- G01N25/18—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating thermal conductivity
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
- G01N25/20—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating the development of heat, i.e. calorimetry, e.g. by measuring specific heat, by measuring thermal conductivity
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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Abstract
The invention discloses a comprehensive testing device for heat conduction, expansion and crack expansion during high-temperature pyrolysis of oil shale, which comprises an experiment system, a heating system arranged in the experiment system, a collecting system communicated with the experiment system and a control and data acquisition system electrically connected with the experiment system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of rock-soil thermophysical property testing, in particular to a comprehensive testing device for heat conduction, expansion and crack expansion during high-temperature pyrolysis of oil shale.
Background
With the development of world economy and science, the importance of energy sources to human beings is increasing. The world's energy structure is constantly being regulated due to human consumption of energy. Particularly, after 21 st century, the economy of China is accelerated, and the current situation of energy in China is 'rich coal, lean oil and less gas', so that the need of finding out an available alternative energy is urgent in China. Oil shale is widely distributed worldwide as an alternative energy source for petroleum, and has huge reserves. The oil shale reserves in China far exceed the domestic oil reserves, and the world is ranked second. Therefore, it is important to accelerate oil shale development and exploration and realize the industrial production of shale oil as soon as possible.
With the development of oil shale exploitation technology, the in-situ conversion technology of oil shale is the focus of research at home and abroad at present. When in-situ exploitation, pyrolysis of the oil shale occurs underground, semicoke, carbon residue and the like after pyrolysis are directly remained underground, a large amount of land is not occupied, and larger pollution to the ground environment is avoided. However, the exploitation mode is still in a test stage at present, the influence on the underground environment and geology is not clear, various geological problems such as subsidence of the ground surface and subsidence of the ground surface can be caused, and the research on physical parameters and thermal physical parameters of the oil shale during pyrolysis is very important for judging the stability of the stratum after the pyrolysis of the oil shale.
Since the pyrolysis of oil shale causes that the conventional measuring instrument cannot be applied to the pyrolysis process of oil shale, many researches on the pyrolysis of oil shale are currently carried out domestically. However, as substances change during pyrolysis of the oil shale at a high temperature and cause crack initiation and expansion, the research on the thermal physical coefficient and crack expansion of the oil shale at the high temperature is difficult to achieve, and the patent number CN201310220946.4 discloses a high-temperature high-pressure pyrolysis reaction test device which simulates the in-situ pyrolysis conditions of the oil shale and provides a detection method for the permeability and mechanical properties of the pyrolysis of the oil shale, but the thermal physical parameters of the oil shale cannot be measured, and the crack expansion in the pyrolysis process of the oil shale cannot be observed and recorded. It can be seen that there is a technical gap in the patent literature for measuring the thermal physical parameters and crack growth during high temperature pyrolysis of oil shale at home and abroad.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a comprehensive testing device for heat conduction, expansion and crack expansion during high-temperature pyrolysis of oil shale, so as to solve the problems in the prior art, and the comprehensive testing device can not only measure the heat conduction coefficient, linear expansion coefficient and expansion force of the oil shale during high-temperature pyrolysis, but also observe the crack expansion rule caused by the pyrolysis of the oil shale, thereby achieving the effect of comprehensive testing.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions: the invention provides a comprehensive testing device for heat conduction, expansion and crack expansion during high-temperature pyrolysis of oil shale, which comprises an experiment system, a heating system arranged in the experiment system, a collecting system communicated with the experiment system, and a control and data acquisition system electrically connected with the experiment system;
The experimental system comprises an experimental cavity shell, wherein high-temperature-resistant heat-insulating glass is embedded in the front surface and the rear surface of the experimental cavity shell, a test piece container is arranged in the experimental cavity shell, a test piece is placed in the test piece container, a circulating water cooling device is arranged at the bottom of the test piece, a servo press is arranged at the top of the experimental cavity shell, the output end of the servo press is connected with a force transfer plate, and the force transfer plate and the test piece container are correspondingly arranged up and down;
The heating system comprises a heat preservation layer, wherein the heat preservation layer is fixed on the left side surface and the right side surface of the experimental cavity shell, a first heating element is fixed on the end surface of the inner side of the experimental cavity shell, a second heating element is arranged on the top surface of the test piece, and the second heating element is an annular mica electric heating plate;
the collecting system comprises a water bath cooling device, the water bath cooling device is positioned outside the experiment cavity shell, a shale oil collecting container is arranged in the water bath cooling device, the shale oil collecting container is communicated with one end of an air duct, and the other end of the air duct is communicated with the bottom end of the test piece container;
The control and data acquisition system comprises a computer, wherein the computer is connected with an infrared thermometer, a temperature measuring assembly, a high-temperature-resistant camera, a pressure sensor and a displacement sensor through wires.
Preferably, the displacement sensor is located at the top of the experimental cavity shell, a displacement transmission rod is correspondingly arranged at one side of the displacement sensor, and the displacement transmission rod extends into the top surface of the experimental cavity shell and is connected to the top surface of the force transmission plate.
Preferably, a through hole is formed in the top surface of the experimental cavity shell, the displacement transmission rod extends into the through hole to be connected with the force transmission plate, a heat preservation device is arranged in the through hole, and the heat preservation device and the heat preservation layer are made of refractory fiber heat preservation layer materials.
Preferably, the temperature measuring assembly comprises a first K-type thermocouple and a second K-type thermocouple, a groove is formed in the bottom surface of the experiment cavity shell, the first K-type thermocouple is fixed in the groove, the first K-type thermocouple is arranged on the bottom surface of the test piece, a groove is formed in the bottom surface of the force transmission plate, the second K-type thermocouple is fixed in the groove, and the second K-type thermocouple is correspondingly arranged with the top surface of the test piece.
Preferably, a groove is formed in the inner side wall of the test piece container, the pressure sensor is fixed in the groove, and the infrared thermometer is arranged in the experimental cavity shell.
Preferably, the high temperature resistant camera is embedded in the left side of the experiment cavity shell, and the lens end of the high temperature resistant camera is sleeved with a heat insulation glass cover.
Preferably, the servo press is connected with a first control switch, the first heating element is connected with a second control switch, and the second heating element is connected with a third control switch.
Preferably, the first control switch, the second control switch and the third control switch are respectively connected with the computer.
Preferably, a valve is arranged on the air duct.
A testing method for heat conduction, expansion and crack expansion during high-temperature pyrolysis of oil shale comprises the following specific steps: step 1: preparing the oil shale into a cylindrical test piece with the height of 200mm and the radius of 50mm, placing the test piece into a test piece container, and controlling a servo press through a first control switch to provide constant vertical pressure for the test piece;
Step 2: sealing the experimental device, controlling the heating power of the first heating element through the second control switch, keeping the experimental cavity constant temperature through the servo control system after the infrared thermometer detects the set temperature, simultaneously recording the displacement value X detected by the displacement sensor when the oil shale sample rises by 10 ℃, and passing through the formula:
Calculating the linear expansion coefficient of the oil shale, wherein:
alpha-linear expansion coefficient of oil shale
DeltaX-displacement sensor for twice detecting displacement difference
L-test piece Length
Deltat—the temperature difference recorded twice;
Step 3: after the shale oil is observed to be completely pyrolyzed, gradually increasing the pressure value provided by the servo press through a first control switch until the displacement sensor is zeroed, and recording the pressure increased in the vertical direction and the numerical value measured by a lateral pressure sensor, namely the expansion force of the pyrolyzed oil shale in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction;
Step 4: closing the first heating element, closing the valve, sealing the experiment cavity at constant temperature, insulating heat, opening the circulating water cooling device, setting constant heating power Q of the second heating element through the third control switch, and recording temperatures T1 and T2 of the upper surface and the lower surface of the test piece recorded by the second K-type thermocouple and the first K-type thermocouple after the temperature of the experiment cavity is measured to be constant again by the infrared thermometer after the device is stabilized again in the state, wherein the temperature is represented by the formula:
Calculating the thermal conductivity under high temperature conditions after pyrolysis, wherein:
lambda-coefficient of thermal conductivity of oil shale
Q-constant heating power Q of heating element 15
F-cross-sectional area of test piece
L-test piece length.
The invention discloses the following technical effects: 1. the invention is simple to operate and high in efficiency, provides an integrated comprehensive test device with visible thermal conduction, expansion and crack expansion of oil shale, keeps the vertical stress state of a rock body through a servo press, and can systematically determine the linear expansion coefficient, the expansion force and the thermal conduction coefficient of the oil shale in the thermal decomposition process under the action of the dead weight pressure of an overlying stratum in one experiment.
2. The invention provides a new thought for measuring the heat conductivity coefficient of oil shale, which is characterized in that the oil shale is heated to a certain temperature, after the gas phase and the liquid phase are completely discharged after the reaction, the heat conductivity coefficient of the oil shale is calculated by definition of the heat conductivity coefficient through secondary heating. The method solves the problem that the thermal conductivity coefficient of the oil shale cannot be measured due to the change of the oil shale material in the pyrolysis process, can measure the thermal conductivity coefficient of the oil shale at the specified temperature, and can be used for measuring the thermal conductivity coefficients of other materials which change with the temperature.
3. The device is a visual device, the problems that crack development is irregular and difficult to determine due to pyrolysis of oil shale are solved, real-time observation is achieved through human eye observation in the whole experimental process, the whole process of pyrolysis of the oil shale is recorded by an internal camera of the instrument, and oil gas output and crack expansion in the pyrolysis process of the oil shale are recorded.
The device can measure the heat conductivity coefficient, the linear expansion coefficient and the expansion force of the oil shale during high-temperature pyrolysis, observe the crack expansion rule caused by the pyrolysis of the oil shale, is simple and efficient to operate, achieves good comprehensive test effect, and makes up the technical blank of the patent literature for measuring the thermal physical parameters and crack expansion during the high-temperature pyrolysis of the oil shale at home and abroad.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a front view of a comprehensive testing device for heat conduction, expansion and crack growth during high temperature pyrolysis of oil shale in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of a comprehensive testing device for heat conduction, expansion and crack growth during high temperature pyrolysis of oil shale in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a constant pressure control of a servo press;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a first heating element temperature control;
The device comprises an A-experiment system, a B-heating system, a C-collecting system, a D-control and data acquisition system, a 1-experiment cavity shell, a 2-servo press, a 3-force transmission plate, a 4-heat insulation layer, a 5-first heating element, a 6-infrared thermometer, a 7-test piece container, an 8-first K-type thermocouple, a 9-air duct, a 10-valve, an 11-water bath cooling device, a 12-shale oil collecting container, a 13-pressure sensor, a 14-second heating element, a 15-second K-type thermocouple, a 16-heat insulation device, a 17-displacement transmission rod, an 18-displacement sensor, a 19-computer, a 20-first control switch, a 21-second control switch, a 22-third control switch, a 23-high temperature-resistant camera, a 24-heat insulation glass cover, a 25-circulation water cooling device and 26-high temperature-resistant heat insulation glass.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more readily apparent, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings and appended detailed description.
Referring to fig. 1-4, the invention provides a thermophysical property testing device under the condition of pyrolysis of oil shale, which consists of an experiment system A, a heating system B arranged in the experiment system A, a collecting system C and a control and data acquisition system D. The device comprises an experiment cavity shell 1, a servo press 2, a force transfer plate 3, an insulating layer 4, a first heating element 5, an infrared thermometer 6, a test piece container 7, a first K-type thermocouple 8, an air duct 9, a valve 10, a water bath cooling device 11, a shale oil collecting container 12, a pressure sensor 13, a second heating element 14, a second K-type thermocouple 15, an insulating device 16, a displacement transfer rod 17, a displacement sensor 18, a computer 19, a first control switch 20, a second control switch 21, a third control switch 22, a high-temperature-resistant camera 23, a heat-insulating glass cover 24, a circulating water cooling device 25 and high-temperature-resistant heat-insulating glass 26.
The experimental system A consists of an experimental cavity shell 1 and internal elements thereof, wherein the front surface and the rear surface of the experimental cavity shell 1 are formed by high-temperature-resistant heat-insulating glass 26, so that the effect of heat insulation can be achieved, and the reaction condition in the experimental cavity can be observed through the glass. The upper framework is connected with a servo press 2, and the servo press 2 provides constant and uniform vertical pressure for a test piece through a force transfer plate 3. The upper part of the force transfer plate 3 is connected with a displacement transfer rod 17, the displacement transfer rod extends out of the experimental cavity through an opening to be connected with a displacement sensor 18, and the opening part is insulated by a heat insulation device 16 by adopting a refractory fiber heat insulation layer to seal the gap of the outlet. The specimen container 7 is arranged right below the servo press 2 and is composed of high-temperature and high-pressure resistant glass. A circulating water cooling device 25 is arranged in the lower framework of the position where the test piece is located, and the heat of the test piece is absorbed at the bottom of the test piece when the heat conductivity coefficient is measured.
The heating system B consists of a heating element and a heat preservation layer 4, wherein the heat preservation layer 4 is made of refractory fiber heat preservation layers, and is arranged inside the left and right metal frames of the experimental cavity and is fully paved with the left and right metal frames. The heating element comprises a first heating element 5 and a second heating element 14, wherein the first heating element 5 adopts an electric heating sheet and is fixed on the end face of the insulating layer 4 positioned on the inner side of the experimental cavity shell 1, and the second heating element 14 adopts an annular mica electric heating sheet and is fixed on the top end of the test piece.
The collecting system C consists of an air duct 9, a valve 10, a water bath cooling device 11 and a shale oil collecting container 12. The oil gas generated in the pyrolysis process enters the shale oil collecting container 12 through the gas guide pipe 9, the shale oil is cooled and left in the shale oil collecting container 12 through the water bath cooling device 11, and the gas is discharged out of the shale oil collecting container 12.
The control and data acquisition system D consists of an infrared thermometer 6, a first K-type thermocouple 8, a second K-type thermocouple 15, a pressure sensor 13, a displacement sensor 18, a computer 19, a first control switch 20, a second control switch 21, a third control switch 22 and a high-temperature-resistant camera 23. The infrared thermometer 6 is arranged inside the experimental cavity shell 1. The first K-type thermocouple 8 is fixed on the upper surface of the lower framework of the test piece through a groove reserved in the lower framework of the experimental cavity and is used for measuring the temperature of the bottom of the test piece. The second K-type thermocouple 15 is fixed on the lower surface of the force transmission plate 3 through a groove reserved on the lower surface of the force transmission plate 3 and is used for measuring the temperature of the top of the test piece. The pressure sensor 13 is fixed in a recess provided in the inner side wall of the specimen container 7. The displacement sensor 18 is arranged outside the experimental cavity and is connected with the displacement transmission rod 7. The high temperature resistant camera 23 is embedded in the left side frame of the experimental cavity housing 1, and the heat insulating glass cover 24 is arranged to reduce the heat lost by the high temperature camera wind and water cooling because the high temperature resistant camera 23 needs to maintain continuous wind and water cooling. The computer 19 is connected with the infrared thermometer 6, the second K-type thermocouple 15, the first K-type thermocouple 8, the pressure sensor 13, the displacement sensor 18 and the high-temperature-resistant camera 23 through wires, can display data collected by the infrared thermometer 6, the second K-type thermocouple 15, the first K-type thermocouple 8, the pressure sensor 13 and the displacement sensor 18, and records the generation of oil shale oil gas and the development of cracks in the pyrolysis process through the high-temperature-resistant camera 23. The first control switch 20 is connected with the computer and the servo press 2 through a wire, the pressure of the servo press 2 can be controlled, the second control switch 21 is connected with the computer and the first heating element 5, the heating power of the first heating element 5 is regulated through data detected by the infrared thermometer 6 to control the constant temperature in the experiment cavity, the third control switch 22 is connected with the computer and the second heating element 14 through a wire, the constant heating power of the second heating element 14 can be set, and the experimental test piece is subjected to secondary heating.
The device comprises the following specific implementation processes:
Step 1: the oil shale is prepared into a cylindrical test piece with the height of 200mm and the radius of 50mm, the test piece is placed in a test piece container 7, the servo press 2 is controlled through the first control switch 20, and constant vertical pressure is provided for the test piece.
Step 2: the experimental device is sealed, the heating power of the first heating element 5 is controlled through the second control switch 21, after the infrared thermometer 6 detects that the set temperature is reached, the experimental cavity is kept constant temperature through the servo control system, meanwhile, the displacement value X detected by the displacement sensor 18 is recorded when the oil shale sample rises by 10 ℃, and the displacement value X is calculated according to the formula:
Calculating the linear expansion coefficient of the oil shale, wherein:
alpha-linear expansion coefficient of oil shale
DeltaX-displacement sensor for twice detecting displacement difference
L-test piece Length
DeltaT-temperature difference recorded twice
Step 3: after the shale oil is observed to be generated, the oil shale is completely pyrolyzed, the pressure value provided by the servo press 2 is gradually increased through the first control switch 20 until the displacement sensor 18 is reset to zero, and the pressure increased in the vertical direction and the value measured by the lateral pressure sensor 13 are recorded, namely the expansion force of the pyrolyzed oil shale in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction.
Step 4: closing the first heating element 5, closing the valve 10, sealing and insulating the experimental cavity at constant temperature, opening the circulating water cooling device 25, setting the constant heating power Q of the heating element 14 through the third control switch 22, and recording the temperatures T1 and T2 of the upper surface and the lower surface of the test piece recorded by the second K-type thermocouple 15 and the first K-type thermocouple 8 after the temperature of the experimental cavity is measured to be constant again by the infrared thermometer 6 after the device is stabilized again in the state, wherein the temperature is expressed by the formula:
Calculating the thermal conductivity under high temperature conditions after pyrolysis, wherein:
lambda-coefficient of thermal conductivity of oil shale
Q-constant heating power Q of heating element 15
F-cross-sectional area of test piece
L-test piece length.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal," "transverse," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like indicate or are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate description of the present invention, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
The above embodiments are only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention without departing from the design spirit of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A comprehensive testing device for heat conduction, expansion and crack growth during high-temperature pyrolysis of oil shale is characterized in that: the device comprises an experiment system (A), a heating system (B) arranged in the experiment system (A), a collecting system (C) communicated with the experiment system (A) and a control and data acquisition system (D) electrically connected with the experiment system (A);
The experimental system (A) comprises an experimental cavity shell (1), high-temperature-resistant heat-insulating glass (26) is embedded in the front surface and the rear surface of the experimental cavity shell (1), a test piece container (7) is arranged in the experimental cavity shell (1), a test piece is placed in the test piece container (7), a circulating water cooling device (25) is arranged at the bottom of the test piece, a servo press (2) is arranged at the top of the experimental cavity shell (1), a force transmission plate (3) is connected to the output end of the servo press (2), and the force transmission plate (3) and the test piece container (7) are correspondingly arranged up and down;
The heating system (B) comprises an insulating layer (4), wherein the insulating layer (4) is fixed on the left side surface and the right side surface of the experiment cavity shell (1), a first heating element (5) is fixed on the end surface of the insulating layer (4) positioned on the inner side of the experiment cavity shell (1), a second heating element (14) is arranged on the top surface of the test piece, and the second heating element (14) is an annular mica electric heating plate;
The collecting system (C) comprises a water bath cooling device (11), the water bath cooling device (11) is positioned outside the experiment cavity shell (1), a shale oil collecting container (12) is arranged in the water bath cooling device (11), one end of an air duct (9) is communicated with the shale oil collecting container (12), and the other end of the air duct (9) is communicated with the bottom end of the test piece container (7);
The control and data acquisition system (D) comprises a computer (19), wherein the computer (19) is connected with an infrared thermometer (6), a temperature measuring assembly, a high-temperature-resistant camera (23), a pressure sensor (13) and a displacement sensor (18) through wires;
A groove is formed in the inner side wall of the test piece container (7), the pressure sensor (13) is fixed in the groove, and the infrared thermometer (6) is arranged in the experiment cavity shell (1);
The air duct (9) is provided with a valve (10).
2. The device for comprehensively testing heat conduction, expansion and crack propagation during high-temperature pyrolysis of oil shale according to claim 1, wherein the device comprises: the displacement sensor (18) is located at the top of the experimental cavity shell (1), a displacement transmission rod (17) is correspondingly arranged on one side of the displacement sensor (18), and the displacement transmission rod (17) stretches into the top surface of the experimental cavity shell (1) and is connected to the top surface of the force transmission plate (3).
3. The device for comprehensively testing heat conduction, expansion and crack propagation during high-temperature pyrolysis of oil shale according to claim 2, wherein: the experimental cavity is characterized in that a through hole is formed in the top surface of the experimental cavity shell (1), the displacement transfer rod (17) stretches into the through hole to be connected with the force transfer plate (3), a heat preservation device (16) is arranged in the through hole, and the heat preservation device (16) and the heat preservation layer (4) are made of refractory fiber heat preservation layer materials.
4. The device for comprehensively testing heat conduction, expansion and crack propagation during high-temperature pyrolysis of oil shale according to claim 1, wherein the device comprises: the temperature measuring assembly comprises a first K-type thermocouple (8) and a second K-type thermocouple (15), wherein a groove is formed in the bottom surface of the experiment cavity shell (1), the first K-type thermocouple (8) is fixed in the groove, the first K-type thermocouple (8) is arranged on the bottom surface of the test piece, the bottom surface of the force transmission plate (3) is provided with the groove, the second K-type thermocouple (15) is fixed in the groove, and the second K-type thermocouple (15) is correspondingly arranged with the top surface of the test piece.
5. The device for comprehensively testing heat conduction, expansion and crack propagation during high-temperature pyrolysis of oil shale according to claim 1, wherein the device comprises: the high-temperature-resistant camera (23) is embedded in the left side of the experimental cavity shell (1), and the lens end of the high-temperature-resistant camera (23) is sleeved with the heat-insulating glass cover (24).
6. The device for comprehensively testing heat conduction, expansion and crack propagation during high-temperature pyrolysis of oil shale according to claim 1, wherein the device comprises: the servo press (2) is connected with a first control switch (20), the first heating element (5) is connected with a second control switch (21), and the second heating element (14) is connected with a third control switch (22).
7. The device for comprehensively testing heat conduction, expansion and crack growth during high-temperature pyrolysis of oil shale according to claim 6, wherein: the first control switch (20), the second control switch (21) and the third control switch (22) are respectively connected with a computer.
8. The method for testing heat conduction, expansion and crack expansion during high-temperature pyrolysis of oil shale is based on the comprehensive testing device for heat conduction, expansion and crack expansion during high-temperature pyrolysis of oil shale, and comprises the following specific steps: step 1: preparing the oil shale into a cylindrical test piece with the height of 200mm and the radius of 50mm, placing the test piece into a test piece container (7), and controlling a servo press (2) through a first control switch (20) to provide constant vertical pressure for the test piece;
Step 2: sealing the experimental device, controlling the heating power of the first heating element (5) through the second control switch (21), keeping the experimental cavity constant temperature through the servo control system after the infrared thermometer (6) detects the set temperature, and simultaneously recording the displacement value X detected by the displacement sensor (18) when the oil shale sample rises by 10 ℃ each time, wherein the displacement value X is represented by the following formula:
Calculating the linear expansion coefficient of the oil shale, wherein:
alpha-linear expansion coefficient of oil shale
DeltaX-displacement sensor for twice detecting displacement difference
L-test piece Length
Deltat—the temperature difference recorded twice;
Step 3: after the shale oil is observed to be completely pyrolyzed, the pressure value provided by the servo press (2) is gradually increased through the first control switch (20) until the displacement sensor is zeroed, and the pressure increased in the vertical direction and the value measured by the lateral pressure sensor (13) are recorded, namely the expansion force of the pyrolyzed oil shale in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction;
Step 4: closing the first heating element (5), closing the valve (10), sealing and insulating the experimental cavity at constant temperature, opening the circulating water cooling device (25), setting the constant heating power Q of the second heating element (14) through the third control switch (22), and recording the temperatures T1 and T2 of the upper surface and the lower surface of the test piece recorded by the second K-type thermocouple (15) and the first K-type thermocouple (8) after the temperature of the experimental cavity is measured to be constant again by the infrared thermometer (6) after the device is stabilized again in the state, wherein the following formula is adopted:
Calculating the thermal conductivity under high temperature conditions after pyrolysis, wherein:
lambda-coefficient of thermal conductivity of oil shale
Q-constant heating power Q of heating element 15
F-cross-sectional area of test piece
L-test piece length.
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