CN111735775B - Waist double-curved photoacoustic cell for photoacoustic spectrum detection of gas - Google Patents
Waist double-curved photoacoustic cell for photoacoustic spectrum detection of gas Download PDFInfo
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000001834 photoacoustic spectrum Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004867 photoacoustic spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008358 core component Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010895 photoacoustic effect Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005236 sound signal Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012306 spectroscopic technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/1702—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated with opto-acoustic detection, e.g. for gases or analysing solids
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
- G01N21/03—Cuvette constructions
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/1702—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated with opto-acoustic detection, e.g. for gases or analysing solids
- G01N2021/1704—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated with opto-acoustic detection, e.g. for gases or analysing solids in gases
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Abstract
The invention discloses a beam waist hyperbolic photoacoustic cell for gas photoacoustic spectrum detection, and relates to a gas detection photoacoustic cell. The structure of the photocell is as follows: the novel high-temperature-resistant high-pressure-sensitive ceramic resonator comprises a shell (0), wherein a resonant cavity (5) is arranged in the center of the shell (0), a 1 st glass window (2), a 1 st buffer chamber (1), a 2 nd glass window (6) and a 2 nd buffer chamber (8) are symmetrically arranged on the left side and the right side of the resonant cavity (5), a microphone (7) is arranged in the center of the upper side of the resonant cavity (5), an air inlet (3) is arranged below the 1 st buffer chamber (1), an air outlet (4) is arranged below the 2 nd buffer chamber (8), and sealant (9) is filled in other spaces of the shell (0). The invention improves the quality factor Q and the signal-to-noise ratio of the photoacoustic cell; the control between important parameters such as resonance frequency, sound pressure amplitude, quality factor Q and the like is more convenient; obtaining the maximum photoacoustic signal; the bus eccentricity of the resonant cavity can be properly adjusted according to the diversity of requirements, so that the best effect of detection performance is achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a gas detection photoacoustic cell, in particular to a beam waist hyperbolic photoacoustic cell for gas photoacoustic spectrum detection.
Background
Photoacoustic spectroscopy is a spectroscopic technique based on the photoacoustic effect; in the photoacoustic effect, a gas molecule absorbs light with a specific wavelength and is excited to a high energy state, the molecules in the high energy state convert the absorbed light energy into heat energy in a non-radiative transition mode and then return to a low energy state, then the incident light is subjected to frequency modulation, the heat energy can show periodic variation identical to the modulation frequency so as to generate sound waves, a microphone is used for detecting and calculating a sound signal, the final concentration of the gas can be obtained, and the method is very suitable for measuring the gas and the non-interference measurement under the complex multi-component multi-type gas background.
Photoacoustic cells are classified into two types, resonant and non-resonant, according to the mode of operation: the resonant photoacoustic cell has high response speed, strong resonant amplification effect and high gas detection sensitivity, but has a relatively complex structure and is easy to generate drift of resonant frequency. The non-resonant photoacoustic cell has the advantages of simple structure, low manufacturing cost, low detection sensitivity, weak detected signal intensity and low accuracy. To ensure the sensitivity and accuracy of such detection, resonant photoacoustic cells are more used for photoacoustic detection.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects and shortcomings of weak photoacoustic Chi Guangsheng signal sensitivity, limited working frequency band and the like in the prior art, and provides a beam waist hyperbolic photoacoustic cell for gas photoacoustic spectrum detection and a method thereof. The invention reduces the heat loss and viscosity loss of the boundary layer of the resonant cavity, is favorable for accumulation of photoacoustic signal energy in the cavity, thereby forming standing waves and improving the detection sensitivity; in addition, as the curvature of the hyperbolic resonant cavity is adjustable, the cavity can be designed according to different curvatures, so that the working frequency band is widened.
The purpose of the invention is realized in the following way:
the core component for influencing the sensitivity of the photoacoustic spectrometry gas detection system mainly comprises a light source, a photoacoustic cell and a microphone, wherein the resonant photoacoustic cell is used as a generating source of photoacoustic signals, is the core component of the photoacoustic spectrometry measurement system, and is reasonably designed to directly influence the sensitivity of the detection sound pressure signals.
1. Photoacoustic cell
The invention comprises a shell, a1 st buffer chamber, a1 st glass window, an air inlet, an air outlet, a resonant cavity, a 2 nd glass window, a microphone, a 2 nd buffer chamber and sealant;
The position and the communication relation are as follows:
The center of the shell is provided with a resonant cavity, the left side and the right side of the resonant cavity are symmetrically provided with a1 st glass window, a1 st buffer chamber, a2 nd glass window and a2 nd buffer chamber, the center of the upper side of the resonant cavity is provided with a microphone, the lower side of the 1 st buffer chamber is provided with an air inlet, the lower side of the 2 nd buffer chamber is provided with an air outlet, and other spaces of the shell are filled with sealant.
2. Model building
Assuming that the gas in the cell is approximately an ideal gas, the wave equation satisfied by the acoustic signal can be expressed as:
In the middle of Is displacement vector, p is sound pressure, v 2 is sound velocity of gas in cavity, gamma is specific heat ratio, H (r, t) is heat energy generated by absorption of modulated light energy by gas, and sound pressure is usedDescribing sound waves in a gas, the sound pressure is the difference between the total pressure P and the average pressure P 0 Fourier transforming the formula (1) to obtain:
omega is the frequency of the modulated light, and solution using normal mode UnfoldingSolving the non-homogeneous equation (2) to obtain:
In the middle of For acoustic vibration to obtain a normal mode, its expression relates to the structure of the photoacoustic cell, indicating the form of standing waves present in the photoacoustic cavity, the amplitude a j (ω) is related to the modulation frequency ω of the light source,Is a solution to the wave equation:
calculating the model by utilizing finite element simulation software capable of realizing multi-physical field coupling, analyzing simulation calculation results, and comprising the following steps: calculating the resonant frequency of the cavity, and calculating the relation between the resonant frequency and the geometric parameters of the resonant cavity of the photoacoustic cell and the relation between the sound pressure and the geometric parameters of the resonant cavity of the photoacoustic cell when the photoacoustic cell is set to work in a resonant mode; and determining the geometric parameters of the resonant cavity of the photoacoustic cell according to the relationship between the resonant frequency and the geometric parameters of the resonant cavity of the photoacoustic cell, the relationship between the sound pressure and the geometric parameters of the resonant cavity of the photoacoustic cell and the radius of the laser output light spot.
The invention optimizes the traditional cylindrical resonant cavity into the hyperbolic resonant cavity, and has the advantages that the structural design of the photoacoustic cell is simple, all components are symmetrically distributed, the quality factor Q and the signal to noise ratio of the photoacoustic cell are improved to a certain extent, the characteristic mode for detection is more comprehensive and is easy to process, the polishing treatment of the inner surface of the resonant cavity reduces the sound wave damping, and the accumulation of the photoacoustic signal energy in the cavity is facilitated, so that standing waves are formed, and the detection sensitivity is improved.
3. Application of
Modulating the frequency of the chopper within a certain range, keeping constant gas concentration and flow in the photoacoustic cavity, setting 10s delay between every two frequency step sizes, finally collecting data with 300ms integration time, and finally carrying out Lorentz fitting on the collected data to obtain the concentration of the gas to be detected.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and positive effects:
1. According to the invention, the quartz glass tube is used for replacing the traditional metal in the resonant cavity of the photoacoustic cell, so that the hardness of the resonant cavity is ensured, meanwhile, the roughness of the inner surface is greatly reduced, the gas adsorption and viscous effects can be effectively reduced, and the quality factor Q and the signal-to-noise ratio of the photoacoustic cell are improved;
2. compared with the traditional resonant cavity, the structure of the curved beam waist type introduces the bus eccentricity to realize high-dimensional stereo optimization, and is more convenient in regulation and control among important parameters such as resonant frequency, sound pressure amplitude, quality factor Q and the like;
3. The resonant cavity bus short half axis length and the resonant cavity length of the photoacoustic cell provided by the invention can be suitable for the light sources with different beam qualities to be optimized, and the maximum photoacoustic signal is obtained under the condition that the background noise is unchanged;
4. the bus eccentricity of the resonant cavity can be properly adjusted according to the diversity of requirements, so that the best effect of detection performance is achieved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present photoacoustic cell.
0-A shell;
1 st buffer chamber;
2-1 st glass window;
3-an air inlet;
4-an air outlet;
5-a resonant cavity;
6-2 nd glass window;
7-a microphone;
8-2 nd buffer chamber;
9, sealing glue.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description refers to the accompanying drawings and examples.
1. Structure of photoacoustic cell
1. Overall (L)
The invention comprises a shell 0, a1 st buffer chamber 1, a1 st glass window 2, an air inlet 3, an air outlet 4, a resonant cavity 5, a2 nd glass window 6, a microphone 7, a2 nd buffer chamber 8 and sealant 9;
the positions and the connection relations are as follows:
the center of the shell 0 is provided with a resonant cavity 5, the left side and the right side of the resonant cavity 5 are symmetrically provided with a1 st glass window 2, a1 st buffer chamber 1, a 2 nd glass window 6 and a 2 nd buffer chamber 8, the center of the upper side of the resonant cavity 5 is provided with a microphone 7, the lower side of the 1 st buffer chamber 1 is provided with an air inlet 3, the lower side of the 2 nd buffer chamber 8 is provided with an air outlet 4, and other spaces of the shell 0 are filled with sealant 9.
3. Working mechanism
The 1 st buffer chamber 1 and the 2 nd buffer chamber 8 are symmetrically arranged at two sides of the central axis of the shell 0; the 1 st buffer chamber 1 is communicated with the 1 st glass window 2, and the 2 nd buffer chamber 2 is communicated with the 2 nd glass window 6; incident light enters the 1 st buffer chamber 1 from the 1 st glass window 2, passes through the resonant cavity 5 and the 2 nd buffer chamber 8, and exits from the 2 nd glass window 6; the resonant cavity 5 is a curved beam waist type quartz glass tube and is communicated with a1 st buffer chamber 1 and a2 nd buffer chamber 8; the gas to be measured enters from the gas inlet 3 and exits from the gas outlet 4, and the microphone 7 is arranged at the center in the resonant cavity 5 and is used for detecting a photoacoustic signal generated by the resonant cavity 5;
the gas to be measured enters from the gas inlet 3, modulated laser enters from the 1 st glass window 2 and exits from the 2 nd glass window 6; after being excited by the modulated light incident from the 1 st glass window 2, the gas to be detected generates an acoustic signal and resonates with the resonant cavity 5; the microphone 7 detects an acoustic signal at the antinode of the formed standing wave, and determines concentration information of the gas by processing the detected acoustic signal; after the detection is finished, no laser is introduced, and the gas is discharged from the gas outlet 4 for the next round of detection.
2. Functional component
1) Buffer chamber 1
The 1 st buffer cavity 1 is cylindrical, the length is 50mm, and the section diameter length is 40mm; for buffering the gas to be measured.
2) 1 St glass window 2
The 1 st glass window 2 is in a small hole shape; from where the incident light is incident.
3) Air inlet 3
The air inlet 3 is cylindrical; from where the gas to be measured enters.
4) Air outlet 4
The air outlet 4 is cylindrical; from which the gas to be measured is discharged.
5) Resonant cavity 5
The resonant cavity 5 is in a double-curved beam waist shape; resonance occurs together with the 1 st and 2 nd buffer chambers 1 and 8 at the detection frequency, and the amplitude is enlarged.
The length of the resonant cavity 5 is 50-150 mm, the half-short axial length of the bus is 2.5-7.5 mm, and the eccentricity is more than or equal to 5 and less than or equal to 1000.
6) 2 Nd glass window 6
The 2 nd glass window 6 is in a small hole shape; from which the outgoing light exits.
7) Microphone 7
The microphone 7 is cylindrical; is arranged at the center in the resonant cavity and is used for detecting the sound signal generated by the resonant cavity.
8) Buffer chamber 2
The structure and function of the 2 nd buffer chamber 8 and the 1 st buffer chamber 1 are the same.
2. Photo-acoustic cell process
The resonant cavity 5 is a quartz glass tube with a curved beam waist (spindle) design and is communicated with a1 st buffer chamber and a2 nd buffer chamber 8;
the resonant cavity 5 uses a hollow structure glass tube made of high-purity quartz material to replace a traditional cylindrical metal resonant cavity, adopts a mature glass tube drawing and cleaning method to obtain the photoacoustic resonant cavity with nanoscale inner wall smoothness, and compared with the traditional photoacoustic cell structure, the curved beam waist type structure has lower gas viscosity, lower photoacoustic sound pressure background noise and higher Q value.
The laser beam passes through the quartz glass window with the transmittance of more than 95 percent and is injected into the quartz glass window along the axis of the photoacoustic cell, and the photoacoustic cell can be well matched with the axisymmetric beam and the axisymmetric excitation sound field and is easy to process, so the quartz glass window is designed into a centrosymmetric three-dimensional curved body.
The traditional resonant cavity adopts metal materials such as brass, and the surface roughness of the traditional resonant cavity is in the micron level through mechanical processing and polishing coating processes; the invention adopts the mature drawing process of the quartz glass tube, and the roughness of the inner surface of the hollow glass tube resonant cavity of the high-purity silicon dioxide can be controlled within 1 nanometer, which is 3 orders of magnitude lower than that of the metal material. The rigidity of the quartz material is about 7 times higher than that of the metal copper, so that the rigidity of the resonant cavity can be ensured.
Claims (1)
1. A beam waist hyperbolic photoacoustic cell for gaseous photoacoustic spectrum detects, its characterized in that:
The device comprises a shell (0), a1 st buffer chamber (1), a1 st glass window (2), an air inlet (3), an air outlet (4), a resonant cavity (5), a2 nd glass window (6), a microphone (7), a2 nd buffer chamber (8) and sealant (9);
The position and the communication relation are as follows:
a resonant cavity (5) is arranged in the center of the shell (0), a1 st glass window (2), a1 st buffer chamber (1), a2 nd glass window (6) and a2 nd buffer chamber (8) are symmetrically arranged on the left side and the right side of the resonant cavity (5), a microphone (7) is arranged in the center of the upper side of the resonant cavity (5), an air inlet (3) is arranged below the 1 st buffer chamber (1), an air outlet (4) is arranged below the 2 nd buffer chamber (8), and sealing glue (9) is filled in other spaces of the shell (0);
The 1 st buffer chamber and the 2 nd buffer chamber (1, 8) are cylindrical, the length is 50mm, and the section diameter is 40mm;
the 1 st glass window and the 2 nd glass window (2 and 6) are in a small hole shape;
The resonant cavity (5) is in a double-curved beam waist shape, resonates with the 1 st buffer chamber and the 2 nd buffer chamber (1 and 8) at detection frequency, the length of the resonant cavity (5) is 50-150 mm, the half short axis length of a bus is 2.5-7.5 mm, and the eccentricity is more than or equal to 5 and less than or equal to 1000.
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| CN114689517A (en) * | 2022-05-05 | 2022-07-01 | 中国南方电网有限责任公司超高压输电公司检修试验中心 | Horn-shaped photoacoustic cell for gas photoacoustic spectrum detection |
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| CN109490211A (en) * | 2018-11-16 | 2019-03-19 | 安徽理工大学 | A kind of photoacoustic cell with anti-noise function |
| CN212514242U (en) * | 2020-07-15 | 2021-02-09 | 中南民族大学 | Beam waist hyperbolic photoacoustic cell for gas photoacoustic spectrum detection |
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| US10670564B2 (en) * | 2015-05-11 | 2020-06-02 | 9334-3275 Quebec Inc. | Photoacoustic detector |
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| CN109490211A (en) * | 2018-11-16 | 2019-03-19 | 安徽理工大学 | A kind of photoacoustic cell with anti-noise function |
| CN212514242U (en) * | 2020-07-15 | 2021-02-09 | 中南民族大学 | Beam waist hyperbolic photoacoustic cell for gas photoacoustic spectrum detection |
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