CN111734462B - Anchor grouting structure - Google Patents
Anchor grouting structure Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN111734462B CN111734462B CN202010759245.8A CN202010759245A CN111734462B CN 111734462 B CN111734462 B CN 111734462B CN 202010759245 A CN202010759245 A CN 202010759245A CN 111734462 B CN111734462 B CN 111734462B
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- Prior art keywords
- sleeve
- anchor
- anchor rod
- hole
- anchoring
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
- E21D20/02—Setting anchoring-bolts with provisions for grouting
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
- E21D21/0026—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
- E21D21/0093—Accessories
Abstract
The invention discloses an anchoring structure, which comprises an anchoring part, a grouting part and a protection part, wherein the anchoring part is arranged on the grouting part; the anchoring part comprises an anchor rod or an anchor cable, a nut or a lock, a tray and an anchoring agent, and the anchor rod or the anchor cable is anchored with the small-diameter hole section of the step anchor rod hole in the rock body to be anchored and injected through the anchoring agent; the grouting part comprises a liquid inlet pipe, a tail sleeve, an outer sleeve, an inner sleeve, blades, a grout stopping sleeve and an inner sealing sleeve, and is of a hollow structure and is sleeved outside the anchor rod or the anchor cable; the liquid inlet pipe is inserted into the liquid inlet of the tail sleeve, the outer sleeve is inserted into the first inner hole of the tail sleeve, the inner sleeve is inserted into the third inner hole of the tail sleeve, an annular space is formed between the outer sleeve and the inner sleeve, the grout stopping sleeve is sleeved at the end part of the outer sleeve, and the blades are fixedly connected with the outer cylindrical surface of the inner sleeve. The invention can meet the grouting requirement of the surface rock mass, realize anchoring within the full drilling length range, improve the shearing resistance of anchoring, simultaneously maintain the end anchoring effect of the anchor cable, and improve the anchoring effect and safety.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of surrounding rock control of coal mines or other underground engineering, and particularly relates to an anchoring structure.
Background
The vast majority of the coal output in China is underground coal mining, and safe and efficient tunneling of a roadway is an important condition for ensuring underground coal mining. Along with the increase of the mining depth, the mining condition is worse, the surrounding rock of the roadway is broken more and more, and the safety maintenance of the roadway is an important guarantee for the mine production. According to the theory of loosening rings and the like, broken loosening rings can be formed around the excavated space after the underground rock mass is excavated, and the rock mass is broken closer to the excavated surface, and the internal rock mass is more complete. Generally, the anchoring mode of the anchor rod can be divided into three types according to the ratio of anchoring to the length of the anchor rod, namely: end anchors (ratio less than 30%), full length anchors (ratio not less than 90%), and lengthened anchors (other than the two). The anchoring length of the end anchor is short, the free section of the anchor rod or the anchor cable keeps a stressed state, and the anchoring force can be better applied to the deep rock mass. However, the free section of the anchor cable has poor anti-shearing capability, and the anchor cable flies out of the hole under the action of the pre-tightening force to hurt personnel and equipment when being damaged, so that similar accident cases occur in China. The field experience proves that grouting is very effective for controlling the broken surrounding rock mass. Meanwhile, the fact that the anchoring length of the anchor rod or the anchor cable is prolonged has a positive effect on supporting broken surrounding rocks. The shear resistance of the anchor rod cable can be improved by full-length anchoring or end anchoring and free section grouting, but the anchor rod cable is bonded with surrounding rock in almost the full-length range, and the anchoring force effect on a rock body is inferior to that of end anchoring; when the anchor cable is broken in the anchoring section, the broken anchor cable is difficult to reflect to the outside, and potential safety hazards exist.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing an anchor grouting structure which has the advantages of grouting and end anchoring and can prevent an anchor rod or an anchor cable from being broken and popping out to hurt people in order to overcome the defects of the prior art.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
an anchoring structure comprises an anchoring part, a grouting part and a protection part;
the anchoring part comprises an anchor rod or an anchor cable, a nut or a lock, a tray and an anchoring agent, and the anchor rod or the anchor cable is anchored with the small-diameter hole section of the step anchor rod hole in the rock body to be anchored and injected through the anchoring agent;
the grouting part comprises a liquid inlet pipe, a tail sleeve, an outer sleeve, an inner sleeve, blades, a grout stopping sleeve and an inner sealing sleeve, and is of a hollow structure and is sleeved outside the anchor rod or the anchor cable;
the liquid inlet pipe is a hollow pipe, the liquid inlet pipe is inserted into the liquid inlet of the tail sleeve, the outer sleeve and the inner sleeve are both of cylindrical barrel structures, the outer sleeve is inserted into a first inner hole of the tail sleeve and fixedly connected with the hole wall of the first inner hole, the inner sleeve is inserted into a third inner hole of the tail sleeve and fixedly connected with the hole wall of the third inner hole, the outer sleeve is positioned outside the inner sleeve, an annular space is formed between the outer sleeve and the inner sleeve, the inner diameter of the inner sleeve is larger than the diameter of an anchor rod or an anchor cable, the grout stopping sleeve is sleeved at the end part of the outer sleeve, and the blades are fixedly connected with the outer cylindrical surface of the inner sleeve;
the inner sealing sleeve is sleeved at the end part of the inner sleeve, the inner wall of the inner sealing sleeve is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the inner sleeve, the outer surface of the inner sealing sleeve is provided with a plurality of annular barb structures facing the orifices of the step anchor rod hole, the outer diameter of each annular barb structure in a free state is the same as the diameter of the large-diameter hole section of the step anchor rod hole, and the small inner hole of the inner sealing sleeve is sleeved on the anchor rod or the anchor cable and tightly holds the anchor rod or the anchor cable through the elasticity of the small inner hole;
an approximate annular space is formed among the outer side of the inner sleeve, the large-diameter hole section and the inner sealing sleeve, the approximate annular space is communicated with the inner space of the liquid inlet pipe, and the approximate annular space formed among the outer side of the inner sleeve, the large-diameter hole section and the inner sealing sleeve is not communicated with the inner space of the inner sleeve under the action of the inner sealing sleeve;
the tray is sleeved outside the tail sleeve, the nut or the lock is positioned below the tail sleeve, the nut or the lock is used for realizing pre-tightening force for the anchor rod or the anchor cable, the nut or the lock is tightly contacted with the end face of the tail sleeve, the tail sleeve is used for transmitting force to the tray through the self arc surface, and the tray is positioned below the face empty surface of the rock body and used for protecting the face empty surface of the rock body;
in order to prevent stock or anchor rope and break back departure and lead to personnel or equipment injury in the free section is slip casting section promptly the afterbody of stock or anchor rope sets up the protection part, and the protection part includes the helmet, a plurality of chain ropes and a plurality of eyebolt, there is the blind hole in the middle of the helmet, and the outside is provided with a plurality of ear structures, and every ear structure is last all to be provided with a through-hole, the quantity of the ear structure on the quantity of chain rope, the helmet and the quantity of eyebolt all equal, chain rope one end and ear structural connection, the other end and eyebolt are connected, eyebolt fixed connection is on the tray, the blind hole registrate of helmet is at the end of stock or anchor rope.
After the anchoring part and the grouting part are installed, grouting materials are injected through the liquid inlet pipe, the grouting materials are injected into an annular area between the outer sleeve and the inner sleeve along the inside of the liquid inlet pipe and then injected into an approximate annular area between the outer side of the inner sleeve and the large-diameter hole section, and then are diffused to surrounding rock masses through the cylindrical surface of the large-diameter hole section, and the grout stopping sleeve prevents grout from flowing outwards along the step anchor rod hole, so that higher grouting pressure is realized, and a better grout diffusion effect is realized; the inner sealing sleeve prevents grout from entering the inner sleeve to realize grouting reinforcement of rock mass around the anchor rod or the anchor cable and close to the face.
As a further improved technical scheme of the invention, the integral section of the anchor rod or the anchor cable is divided into an anchoring section, a grouting section and other sections, the length of the anchoring section accounts for no more than 50 percent of the specific gravity of the integral section, and the length of the other sections is not more than 200 mm.
As a further improved technical scheme of the invention, the blades are spiral, and the blades are wound on the outer cylindrical surface of the inner sleeve and fixedly connected with the inner sleeve. The outer diameter of the blade is 2mm smaller than the diameter of the large-diameter hole section. Under the action of the blades, the slurry can fill an annular area between the inner sleeve and the large-diameter hole section better, and further grouting effect in a wider range is achieved.
As a further improved technical scheme of the invention, the outer cylindrical surface of the inner sleeve is a smooth surface or is provided with a plurality of convex structures. Under the action of the vanes and the convex structures, the integrity between the inner sleeve and the rock body is better maintained under the bonding action of solidified grout, and the deformation of the rock body and the expansion of cracks are better limited.
As a further improved technical scheme of the invention, the number of the ear structures on the protective cap is 2 to 4, the chain rope is a metal chain or a high-strength flexible body, the lifting ring screws are fixed on the tray in a spiral connection mode, a plurality of ear structures of the protective cap are uniformly arranged around the axis of the protective cap, a plurality of lifting ring screws are uniformly arranged around the axis of the anchor rod or the anchor cable, and the chain rope can limit the protective cap from being sleeved on the end of the anchor rod or the anchor cable to be prevented from falling off in a self-weight suspension state. When the anchor rod or the anchor cable is broken in the free section, the exposed end of the anchor rod or the anchor cable can be reflected, the anchor rod or the anchor cable moving outwards is limited by the protective cap, the protective cap transmits force to the tray through the chain rope and the lifting bolt, the tray further transmits the force to the tail sleeve and the inner sleeve, and finally the force is transmitted to the rock mass, so that the flying-out movement of the broken anchor cable is restrained, and accidents are prevented.
As a further improved technical scheme of the invention, the inner diameter of the inner sleeve is 2mm larger than the diameter of the anchor rod or the anchor cable; the depth M1 of the outer sleeve after installation into the rock mass is in the range of 200mm-500 mm.
As a further improved technical scheme of the invention, the grout stopping sleeve and the inner sealing sleeve are both made of flexible materials.
As a further improved technical scheme of the invention, the outer circle end part of the inner sealing sleeve is provided with a chamfer structure. The chamfer structure of the inner sealing sleeve is favorable for the grouting part to be sent into the step anchor rod hole.
As a further improved technical scheme of the invention, an approximate annular area between the outer side of the inner sleeve and the large-diameter hole section is isolated from the face of the rock body.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: grouting the rock mass can be realized through a single anchor rod hole, and the broken rock mass is reinforced; the anchor rod or the anchor cable still keeps a large number of free sections (namely grouting sections), and the free sections are not bonded with surrounding rocks, so that the anchoring force can be better transmitted to the deep stable rock mass; when the anchor rod or the anchor cable is damaged in the free section, the exposed part can be reflected, so that personnel can conveniently master the situation in time and further provide remedial measures; the inner sleeve and the large-diameter hole section are bonded through injected grout, so that the rock body is reinforced, and the inner sleeve and the large-diameter hole section are bonded and fixed to the surrounding rock almost in the whole anchor rod length range together with the anchoring section of the anchor rod or the anchor cable, so that deformation and damage of the rock body are inhibited more effectively; the inner sleeve and the solidified grout outside the inner sleeve improve the anti-shearing capability of the anchor rod or the anchor cable and improve the reliability of the anchor rod or the anchor cable; when the anchor rod or the anchor cable is damaged in the free section range, the protective part can absorb the energy of the broken anchor rod or anchor cable and limit the broken anchor rod or anchor cable to fly out, and the harm to nearby personnel or equipment is avoided.
Drawings
Fig. 1 (a) is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.
Fig. 1 (b) is a partially enlarged schematic view of fig. 1 (a).
Fig. 1 (c) is another partially enlarged schematic view of fig. 1 (a).
Fig. 2 (a) is a schematic view of the grouting portion and the flow of grout in the present invention.
Fig. 2 (b) is a partially enlarged schematic view of fig. 2 (a).
Fig. 2 (c) is another enlarged partial slurry flow diagram of fig. 2 (a).
Fig. 3 is an oblique view of the grouting portion of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the boot of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the internal seal cartridge of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of the structure of the helmet of the present invention.
In the figure:
A. a rock mass; a1, step anchor rod hole; a1a, a large-diameter hole section; a1b, a small-diameter hole section; a2, facing empty face;
B. a protective part; b1, a protective cap; b1a, blind holes; B1B, ear structure; b1c, vias; b2, a chain rope; b3, lifting eye screws;
C. an anchoring part; c1, anchor rods or cables; c2, nuts or locks; c3, tray; c4, an anchoring agent;
D. a grouting part; d1, a liquid inlet pipe; d2, a tail sleeve; d2a, liquid inlet; d2b, arc surface; d2c, a first bore; D2D, a second inner bore; d2e, a third bore; d2f, end face; d3, an outer sleeve; d4, a grout stopping sleeve; d5, inner sleeve; d5a, raised structures; d6, blades; d7, an inner sealing sleeve; d7a, annular barb structure; d7b, a small inner hole; d7c, chamfering structure;
l, an integral section; l1, anchor segment; l2, grouting section; l3, rest.
Detailed Description
The following further describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to fig. 1 to 6:
as shown in fig. 1 to 6, the present embodiment provides an anchor structure including an anchoring portion C, a grouting portion D, and a shielding portion B.
As shown in fig. 1, the anchoring part C includes a bolt or cable bolt C1, a nut or lock C2, a tray C3 and an anchoring agent C4, the anchor rod or anchor cable C1 is anchored with the small diameter hole section A1b of the step anchor rod hole A1 constructed in the rock mass A to be anchored through the anchoring agent C4, the nut or lock C2 realizes pre-tightening force for anchor rod or anchor cable C1 (if C1 is the anchor rod, C2 is the nut and is in threaded connection with the anchor rod, if C1 is the anchor cable, C2 is the lock and is in mechanical barb structure connection with the anchor rod), the nut or lock C2 applies acting force to the end surface D2f of the tail sleeve D2 (as shown in figure 4), the tail sleeve D2 transmits force to the tray C3 through the arc surface D2b, the tray C3 further plays a role in protecting the face A2 of the rock body A, and when necessary, a watch protection component such as a steel belt or a ladder beam can be added between the tray C3 and the blank face A2. The arc surface D2b of the tail sleeve D2 plays a certain aligning role, the anchoring part C achieves a main body effect of surrounding rock supporting through the pretightening force of an anchor rod or an anchor cable C1, the diameter of the small-aperture section A1b of the step anchor rod hole A1 is determined according to the three-aperture matching of the anchor rod or the anchor cable C1, and the diameter of the large-aperture section A1a of the step anchor rod hole A1 is larger than that of the small-aperture section A1 b.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the grouting portion D includes a liquid inlet pipe D1, a tail sleeve D2, an outer sleeve D3, an inner sleeve D5, blades D6, a grout stopping sleeve D4, and an inner sealing sleeve D7, and is a hollow structure and is sleeved outside the anchor rod or anchor cable C1.
The liquid inlet pipe D1 is a hollow pipe, the liquid inlet pipe D1 is inserted into the liquid inlet port D2a of the tail sleeve D2 and is connected with the liquid inlet port D2a through threads or welding or bonding, the outer sleeve D3 and the inner sleeve D5 are both of cylindrical tube structures, the outer sleeve D3 is inserted into the first inner hole D2C of the tail sleeve D2, the inner sleeve D5 is inserted into the third inner hole D2e of the tail sleeve D2, an annular space is formed between the outer sleeve D3 and the inner sleeve D5, wherein D2D is the second inner hole of the tail sleeve D2, the inner diameter of the inner sleeve D5 is 2mm larger than the diameter of the anchor rod or the anchor cable C1, the material of the tail sleeve D2 is carbon steel or other high-strength materials, in order to reduce the cost, the tail sleeve D2, the outer sleeve D3 and the inner sleeve D5 are independent parts and are combined and fixed together in a certain mode, and the tail sleeve D2 and the outer sleeve D3 can also be of an integral structure, the tail sleeve D2 and the inner sleeve D5 may also be of unitary construction.
The grout stopping sleeve D4 is sleeved at the end of the outer sleeve D3, as shown in figure 1, the depth M1 of the outer sleeve D3 penetrating into the rock mass A after installation is 200mm and 500mm, and the grout stopping sleeve D4 is made of rubber or other flexible materials.
The inner sealing sleeve D7 is sleeved at the end of the inner sleeve D5, the material of the inner sealing sleeve D7 is rubber or other flexible material, the inner sealing sleeve D7 is provided with a plurality of annular barb structures D7a facing the orifice of the step anchor rod hole A1, the outer diameter of the annular barb structures D7a in a free state is the same as the diameter of the large-diameter hole section A1a of the step anchor rod hole A1, the small inner hole D7b (shown in figure 5) of the inner sealing sleeve D7 is sleeved on the anchor rod or the anchor cable C1 and has holding force to the anchor rod or the anchor cable C1 through the elasticity thereof (the large inner hole of the inner sealing sleeve D7 is fixed with the inner sleeve D5 through bonding or through holding force), when grout flows to the inner sealing sleeve D7 during grouting, the annular barb structures D7a prevent the grout from continuously flowing to the rest sections L3, the grout flowing from other parts of the rock mass A to the rest sections L3 can not flow into the inner sleeve D5 under the holding force of the inner sealing sleeve D7, and furthermore, no bonding effect exists between the grouting section L2 of the anchor rod or anchor cable C1 and the inner sleeve D5, the grouting section L2 of the anchor rod or anchor cable C1 is kept in a free state, and the chamfering structure D7C of the inner sealing sleeve D7 is beneficial to feeding the grouting part D into the stepped anchor rod hole A1 (the hole wall of the stepped anchor rod hole A1 may be provided with bulges or fallen slag, and after the chamfering structure D7C is arranged on the inner sealing sleeve D7, the bulges or the fallen slag on the hole wall can be beneficial to blocking the grouting part D, so that the grouting part D is pushed into the stepped anchor rod hole A1 integrally, and the chamfering structure is also a basic effect of the chamfering structure.
An approximate annular space formed between the outer side of the inner sleeve D5 and the large-diameter hole section A1a and the inner sealing sleeve D7 is communicated with an inner space of the liquid inlet pipe D1, an approximate annular space formed between the outer side of the inner sleeve D5 and the large-diameter hole section A1a and the inner sealing sleeve D7 is not communicated with the inner space of the inner sleeve D5 under the action of the inner sealing sleeve D7, and an approximate annular area between the outer side of the inner sleeve D5 and the large-diameter hole section A1a is isolated from an adjacent empty surface A2.
The integral section L of the anchor rod or anchor cable C1 is divided into an anchoring section L1, a grouting section L2 and a rest section L3, the length of the anchoring section L1 accounts for no more than 50% of the length of the integral section L, and the length of the rest section L3 is no more than 200 mm.
After the anchoring part C and the grouting part D are installed, grouting materials are injected through the liquid inlet pipe D1, the grouting materials are injected into an annular area between the outer sleeve D3 and the inner sleeve D5 along the inside of the liquid inlet pipe D1 and further injected into an approximate annular area between the outer side of the inner sleeve D5 and the large-diameter hole section A1a, the grouting materials are further diffused to the surrounding rock mass A through the cylindrical surface of the large-diameter hole section A1a, the grout stopping sleeve D4 prevents grout from flowing outwards along the step anchor rod hole A1, and the grouting parts C, D and D are favorable for achieving higher grouting pressure and achieving a better grout diffusion effect; the inner sealing sleeve D7 prevents grout from entering the inner part of the inner sleeve D5 to achieve grouting reinforcement of the rock body A around the anchor rod or anchor cable C1 and close to the face A2.
Further, a spiral vane D6 is arranged to wind on the outer cylindrical surface of the inner sleeve D5 and to be reliably fixed with the inner sleeve D5, the outer diameter of the vane D6 is 2mm smaller than the diameter of the large-diameter hole section A1a, under the action of the vane D6, grout can better fill the annular area between the inner sleeve D5 and the large-diameter hole section A1a, and further grouting effect in a wider range is achieved, a plurality of protruding structures D5a can be arranged on the outer cylindrical surface of the inner sleeve D5, and under the action of the vane D6 and the protruding structures D5a, integrity between the inner sleeve D5 and the rock mass A is better maintained under the bonding effect of the solidified grout, and deformation and crack expansion of the rock mass A are better limited.
Further, in order to prevent the anchor rod or anchor cable C1 from flying out after being broken in the grouting section L2 to cause injury to people or equipment, a protection part B is arranged at the tail part of the anchor rod or anchor cable C1, the protection part B comprises a protection cap B1, a chain rope B2 and a lifting eye screw B3, as shown in fig. 6, a blind hole B1a is arranged in the middle of the protection cap B1, ear structures B1B are arranged on the outer side of the protection cap B1, the number of ear structures B1B on each protection cap B1 is 2-4, a through hole B1C is arranged on each ear structure B1B, the chain rope B2 is a metal chain or other high-strength flexible body, the number of the chain rope B2 is the same as the number of ear structures B1B on the protection cap B1, the number of lifting eye screws B3 is the same as the number of the chain rope B2, one end of each chain rope B2 is reliably connected with one ear structure B1B, the other end of the lifting eye rope B3 is reliably connected with a lifting eye ring B3, and the lifting eye screw disk is fixed on the lifting eye disk 3 in a spiral connection manner, a plurality of ear structures B1B of the protective cap B1 are uniformly arranged around the axis of the protective cap B1, a plurality of lifting ring screws B3 are uniformly arranged around the axis of the anchor rod or the anchor cable C1, and the chain rope B2 limits the protective cap B1 to be sleeved at the end of the anchor rod or the anchor cable C1 and not to be separated under the self-weight suspension state. When the anchor rod or anchor cable C1 is broken in the free section (namely the grouting section L2), the exposed end of the anchor rod or anchor cable C1 moving outwards can be reflected, the anchor rod or anchor cable C1 is limited by the protective cap B1, the protective cap B1 transmits force to the tray C3 through the chain rope B2 and the lifting bolt B3, the tray C3 further transmits the force to the tail sleeve D2 and the inner sleeve D5, and finally the force is transmitted to the rock body A, so that the flying-out movement of the broken anchor cable is restrained, and accidents are prevented.
By the grouting device, grouting of the rock body A can be realized by the single anchor rod hole, and reinforcement of the broken rock body A is realized; the anchor rod or anchor cable C1 still keeps a large number of free sections (namely the grouting section L2), and the free sections (namely the grouting section L2) are not partially bonded with surrounding rocks, so that the anchoring force can be better transmitted to the deep stable rock body A; when the anchor rod or the anchor cable C1 is damaged in the free section, the exposed part can be reflected, so that personnel can conveniently master the situation in time and further provide remedial measures; the inner sleeve D5 and the large-diameter hole section A1a are bonded through injected grout, the rock body A is reinforced, and the inner sleeve D5 and the anchoring section L1 of the anchor rod or the anchor cable C1 are combined, so that the surrounding rock is bonded and fixed in almost the whole anchor rod length range, and deformation and damage of the rock body A are effectively inhibited; the inner sleeve D5 and the solidified grout outside the inner sleeve improve the shearing resistance of the anchor rod or anchor cable C1 and the reliability of the anchor rod or anchor cable C1; when the anchor or anchor cable C1 breaks in the free section (i.e., the grouting section L2), the protection part B absorbs the energy of the broken anchor or anchor cable C1 and limits the energy from flying out, thereby avoiding damage to nearby personnel or equipment.
The scope of the present invention includes, but is not limited to, the above embodiments, and the present invention is defined by the appended claims, and any alterations, modifications, and improvements that may occur to those skilled in the art are all within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An anchor structure which is characterized in that: comprises an anchoring part (C), a grouting part (D) and a protection part (B);
the anchoring part (C) comprises a bolt or an anchor cable (C1), a nut or a lock (C2), a tray (C3) and an anchoring agent (C4), and the bolt or the anchor cable (C1) is anchored with a small-diameter hole section (A1b) of a stepped bolt hole (A1) in a rock body (A) to be anchored through the anchoring agent (C4);
the grouting part (D) comprises a liquid inlet pipe (D1), a tail sleeve (D2), an outer sleeve (D3), an inner sleeve (D5), blades (D6), a grout stopping sleeve (D4) and an inner sealing sleeve (D7), is of a hollow structure and is sleeved outside the anchor rod or anchor cable (C1);
the liquid inlet pipe (D1) is a hollow pipe, and the liquid inlet pipe (D1) is inserted into the liquid inlet (D2a) of the tail sleeve (D2), the outer sleeve (D3) and the inner sleeve (D5) are both cylindrical tube structures, the outer sleeve (D3) is inserted into the first inner hole (D2c) of the tail sleeve (D2) and the outer sleeve (D3) is fixedly connected with the hole wall of the first inner hole (D2c), the inner sleeve (D5) is inserted into the third inner hole (D2e) of the tail sleeve (D2) and the inner sleeve (D5) is fixedly connected with the hole wall of the third inner hole (D2e), the outer sleeve (D3) is located outside the inner sleeve (D5) and an annular space is formed between the outer sleeve (D3) and the inner sleeve (D5), the inner diameter of the inner sleeve (D5) is larger than the diameter of the anchor rod or cable (C1), the grout stopping sleeve (D4) is sleeved at the end part of the outer sleeve (D3), and the blades (D6) are fixedly connected with the outer cylindrical surface of the inner sleeve (D5);
the inner sealing sleeve (D7) is sleeved at the end of an inner sleeve (D5), the inner wall of the inner sealing sleeve (D7) is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the inner sleeve (D5), the outer surface of the inner sealing sleeve (D7) is provided with a plurality of annular barb structures (D7a) facing the orifice of the step anchor rod hole (A1), the outer diameter of each annular barb structure (D7a) in a free state is the same as the diameter of a large-diameter hole section (A1a) of the step anchor rod hole (A1), and a small inner hole (D7b) of the inner sealing sleeve (D7) is sleeved on the anchor rod or anchor cable (C1) and tightly clasps the anchor rod or anchor cable (C1) through the elasticity of the inner sealing sleeve;
an approximate annular space is formed among the outer side of the inner sleeve (D5), the large-diameter hole section (A1a) and the inner sealing sleeve (D7), the approximate annular space is communicated with the inner space of the liquid inlet pipe (D1), and the approximate annular space formed among the outer side of the inner sleeve (D5), the large-diameter hole section (A1a) and the inner sealing sleeve (D7) is not communicated with the inner space of the inner sleeve (D5) under the action of the inner sealing sleeve (D7);
the tray (C3) is sleeved outside the tail sleeve (D2), the nut or lock (C2) is located below the tail sleeve (D2), the nut or lock (C2) is used for achieving pre-tightening force for the anchor rod or anchor cable (C1), the nut or lock (C2) is in close contact with the end face (D2f) of the tail sleeve (D2), the tail sleeve (D2) is used for transmitting force to the tray (C3) through the self arc face (D2b), and the tray (C3) is located below the face (A2) of the rock mass (A) and used for protecting the face (A2) of the rock mass (A);
the protection part (B) comprises a protection cap (B1), a plurality of chains (B2) and a plurality of lifting eye screws (B3), a blind hole (B1a) is formed in the middle of the protection cap (B1), a plurality of ear structures (B1B) are arranged on the outer side of the protection cap (B1), a through hole (B1C) is formed in each ear structure (B1B), the number of the chains (B2), the number of the ear structures (B1B) on the protection cap (B1) and the number of the lifting eye screws (B3) are equal, one end of each chain (B2) is connected with the ear structure (B1B), the other end of each chain (B2) is connected with the lifting eye screw (B3), the lifting eye screw (B3) is fixedly connected to a tray (C3), and the blind hole (B1a) of the protection cap (B1) is sleeved on the end of an anchor rod or an anchor cable (C1).
2. An anchor structure as defined in claim 1, wherein: the anchor rod or anchor cable (C1) is characterized in that the whole section (L) of the anchor rod or anchor cable (C1) is divided into an anchoring section (L1), a grouting section (L2) and the rest section (L3), the length of the anchoring section (L1) accounts for no more than 50% of the length of the whole section (L), and the length of the rest section (L3) is no more than 200 mm.
3. An anchor structure as defined in claim 1, wherein: the blade (D6) is in a spiral shape, and the blade (D6) is wound on the outer cylindrical surface of the inner sleeve (D5) and is fixedly connected with the inner sleeve (D5).
4. An anchor structure as defined in claim 3, wherein: the outer diameter of the vane (D6) is 2mm smaller than the diameter of the large-diameter hole section (A1 a).
5. An anchor structure as defined in claim 1, wherein: the outer cylindrical surface of the inner sleeve (D5) is smooth or provided with a plurality of convex structures (D5 a).
6. An anchor structure as defined in claim 1, wherein: the number of the ear structures (B1B) on the protective cap (B1) is 2-4, the chain rope (B2) is a metal chain or a high-strength flexible body, the lifting ring screws (B3) are fixed on the tray (C3) in a spiral connection mode, the ear structures (B1B) of the protective cap (B1) are uniformly arranged around the axis of the protective cap (B1), the lifting ring screws (B3) are uniformly arranged around the axis of the anchor rod or the anchor cable (C1), and the chain rope (B2) can limit the protective cap (B1) from being sleeved on the end of the anchor rod or the anchor cable (C1) in a self-weight suspension state.
7. An anchor structure as defined in claim 1, wherein: the inner diameter of the inner sleeve (D5) is 2mm larger than the diameter of the anchor rod or cable (C1); the depth M1 of the outer sleeve (D3) penetrating into the rock mass (A) after the installation is finished ranges from 200mm to 500 mm.
8. An anchor structure as defined in claim 1, wherein: the grout stopping sleeve (D4) and the inner sealing sleeve (D7) are both made of flexible materials.
9. An anchor structure as defined in claim 8, wherein: and a chamfer structure (D7c) is arranged at the end part of the outer circle of the inner sealing sleeve (D7).
10. An anchor structure as defined in claim 1, wherein: the approximate annular area between the outer side of the inner sleeve (D5) and the large-diameter hole section (A1a) is isolated from the face (A2) of the rock body (A).
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010759245.8A CN111734462B (en) | 2020-07-31 | 2020-07-31 | Anchor grouting structure |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010759245.8A CN111734462B (en) | 2020-07-31 | 2020-07-31 | Anchor grouting structure |
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| CN111734462B true CN111734462B (en) | 2021-12-07 |
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| CN112814717B (en) * | 2021-03-08 | 2022-12-20 | 长江勘测规划设计研究有限责任公司 | Using method suitable for underwater shield tunnel anchor support device |
| CN113062760A (en) * | 2021-04-13 | 2021-07-02 | 中铁隧道集团二处有限公司 | Tunnel supporting method based on yielding anchor cable |
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| CN206530356U (en) * | 2017-03-14 | 2017-09-29 | 安徽理工大学 | A kind of Novel hollow grouted anchor bar |
| CN107288671B (en) * | 2017-08-21 | 2023-03-14 | 河南理工大学 | Construction method of soft crushed coal rock mass drilling, sealing and injecting integrated extendable anchor rod |
| CN107829767B (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2024-02-27 | 安徽理工大学 | Sectional assembly type yielding hollow grouting anchor rod and construction method thereof |
| CN109057840B (en) * | 2018-08-20 | 2020-03-31 | 中钢集团马鞍山矿山研究院有限公司 | Self-adaptive grouting reinforcement anchor rod under high stress and anchoring construction method thereof |
| CN209654064U (en) * | 2019-03-07 | 2019-11-19 | 湖南科技大学 | A kind of pressure-relieving achor bar for deep roadway with large deformation surrounding rock supporting |
| CN110374652B (en) * | 2019-07-15 | 2022-03-01 | 北京交通大学 | Self-locking hollow grouting anchoring device and construction method |
| CN110388223B (en) * | 2019-08-21 | 2020-09-08 | 中国矿业大学 | Sectional grouting hollow grouting anchor cable and use method thereof |
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