CN111734308A - Forward reaming method for directional drilling penetration - Google Patents
Forward reaming method for directional drilling penetration Download PDFInfo
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- CN111734308A CN111734308A CN202010739458.4A CN202010739458A CN111734308A CN 111734308 A CN111734308 A CN 111734308A CN 202010739458 A CN202010739458 A CN 202010739458A CN 111734308 A CN111734308 A CN 111734308A
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- reaming
- directional drilling
- point
- earth
- guide hole
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- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 title description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 20
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010438 granite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/04—Directional drilling
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/26—Drill bits with leading portion, i.e. drill bits with a pilot cutter; Drill bits for enlarging the borehole, e.g. reamers
- E21B10/28—Drill bits with leading portion, i.e. drill bits with a pilot cutter; Drill bits for enlarging the borehole, e.g. reamers with non-expansible roller cutters
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
- E21B17/10—Wear protectors; Centralising devices, e.g. stabilisers
- E21B17/1078—Stabilisers or centralisers for casing, tubing or drill pipes
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/28—Enlarging drilled holes, e.g. by counterboring
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a forward reaming method for directional drilling, which comprises the following steps: selecting a high point as an earth-entering point and a low point as an earth-emerging point, smoothly drilling a guide hole from the earth-entering point to the earth-emerging point, and reserving a reserved section which is not opened before the guide hole reaches the earth-emerging point; reaming the guide hole from the soil-entering point to the reserved section by adopting a forward-reaming drill tool, and reaming step by step to a designed size; and carrying out step-by-step reaming on the reserved section to the designed size. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the mountain directional drilling and crossing are carried out through the directional drilling and forward expanding method, the slurry backflow in the guide hole is kept in a reserved section mode, slurry leakage in forward expanding construction is reduced, the guide hole construction curve is smooth, the risk of drill rod puncture and fracture and the potential safety hazard caused by the drilling rod puncture and fracture are reduced, the cost can be effectively reduced, and the construction period is shortened.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mountain crossing of oil and gas pipelines, in particular to a forward reaming method for directional drilling crossing.
Background
The horizontal directional drilling and crossing for pipeline laying has the advantages of small influence on the environment, no influence on traffic navigation, small construction occupied area, short construction period, relatively low construction cost and the like, and is a non-excavation pipeline construction method commonly used at present. The directional drilling is mainly used for construction of pipelines for passing through rivers, roads and the like in the early stage of crossing, and is rarely used for mountain crossing, but with continuous innovation of the directional drilling technology, the magnetic target calibration azimuth technology, the stratum leakage blocking technology, the pipe pushing and back dragging technology and the like are gradually mature, so that the directional drilling has higher feasibility of crossing mountains, and more engineering applications are realized; compared with the traditional large excavation, the mountain directional drilling and crossing has less damage to the ecological environment.
The traditional hole expanding mode of the directional drill is hole expanding from a unearthed point to an unearthed point (reverse expansion for short), the reverse expansion process is widely applied and mature in technology, and the defects of poor adaptability, low work efficiency and the like of the directional drill penetrating engineering of mountains with large hardness of unearthed point sites and rocks are obvious. The reverse-expansion technology is adopted for directional drilling mountain crossing, and due to the fact that the height difference exists between the soil-entering point and the soil-discharging point, in the actual drilling process, mud backflow circulation cannot be formed due to the reverse-expansion technology, mud can be leaked due to the height difference, and therefore the problems that drilling tool loss is too large, mud demand is too large and the like can occur in the hole expansion process. The problems can be effectively solved by adopting a hole expanding process from an earth-entering point to an earth-leaving point (called forward expansion for short), but at present, the problems of large amount of slurry leakage, drill rod puncture, fracture failure and the like exist in the forward expansion construction process due to improper method, and a plurality of potential safety hazards are brought to the directional drilling construction.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention aims to provide a pre-reaming method for mountain directional drilling crossing, which reduces slurry loss in forward-reaming construction, reduces the risk of drill rod puncture and fracture, and reduces the construction potential safety hazard caused by the risk.
The invention provides a forward reaming method for directional drilling, which comprises the following steps:
selecting a high point as an earth-entering point and a low point as an earth-emerging point, smoothly drilling a guide hole from the earth-entering point to the earth-emerging point, and reserving a reserved section which is not opened before the guide hole reaches the earth-emerging point;
reaming the guide hole from the soil-entering point to the reserved section by adopting a forward-reaming drill tool, and reaming step by step to a designed size;
and carrying out step-by-step reaming on the reserved section to the designed size.
As a further improvement of the invention, the curvature of the guide hole satisfies: the sum of the drill rod break angles of any three continuous drill rods is less than 4 degrees. And the folding angle of a single drill rod is controlled within the range required by the oil and gas conveying pipeline crossing engineering construction specification.
As a further improvement of the invention, the length of the reserved section is 20-50 m.
As a further improvement of the present invention, the positive expansion tool comprises: the guide head, the first centralizer, the reamer, the mud motor, the second centralizer and the third centralizer are sequentially arranged on the drill rod from the head part of the drill rod to the tail part of the drill rod, and the mud pump is used for providing hydraulic kinetic energy for the mud motor.
As a further improvement of the invention, the drill rod adopts S135 and above high-strength drill rods, and the size of the drill rod is not less than 193 mm.
As a further improvement of the invention, the reamer adopts a cone insert high-strength forward power reamer, and the back of a palm of the forward power reamer is added with reinforced alloy teeth.
As a further improvement of the invention, the reamer is integrally designed with the guide head.
As a further improvement of the invention, the mud motor adopts a low-rotation-speed large-torque output motor and is provided with 2.5m3And a mud pump with a discharge capacity above/min.
As a further improvement of the invention, in the reaming process, the mud is recycled, and the recycled mud is treated, so that the sand content of the treated mud is less than or equal to 0.5%.
As a further improvement of the invention, when slurry leakage occurs in a mountain crack fracture zone in the reaming process, the high-efficiency composite cement slurry is adopted for plugging, the high-efficiency composite cement is pumped to a slurry leakage position, large-particle-size sawdust, an expanded material and a bridge plug material are used for filling, and after standing and solidifying for a certain time, a leakage-proof pressure test is carried out.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the mountain directional drilling and crossing are carried out through the directional drilling and forward expanding method, the slurry backflow in the guide hole is kept in a reserved section mode, slurry leakage in forward expanding construction is reduced, the guide hole construction curve is smooth, the risk of drill rod puncture and fracture and the potential safety hazard caused by the drilling rod puncture and fracture are reduced, the cost can be effectively reduced, and the construction period is shortened.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a directional drilling-through forward reaming method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of mountain directional drilling in a forward reaming method for directional drilling according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a forward reaming tool of a directional drilling-through forward reaming method according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a mud plugging method of a directional drilling-through forward reaming method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure, the position of the upper end of the main shaft,
1. a guide head; 2. a first centralizer; 3. a reamer; 4. a mud motor; 5. a second centralizer; 6. and a third centralizer.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the forward reaming method for directional drilling and crossing provided by the embodiment of the invention is applied to the construction of directional drilling and crossing of a mountain, the crossing length of the engineering of directional drilling and crossing of the mountain is 1718m, the geology is granite, the saturated uniaxial compressive strength of rock is more than 100MPa, the designed pressure of the crossing part is 9.5MPa, the material of the crossing section pipeline is an L415 longitudinal submerged arc welded steel pipe, the pipe diameter is D508mm, and the wall thickness is 10 mm. The design of the drill hole is that the soil-entering angle is 15 degrees, the soil-exiting angle is 3 degrees, the soil-entering point is selected at a high point, the soil-exiting point is selected at a low point, the elevation of the soil-entering point is 70m higher than that of the soil-exiting point, and the two-stage reaming of 508mm and 762mm is carried out by adopting a power forward reaming process.
When the guide hole is drilled, the curvature of the guide hole meets the following requirements: the sum of the drill rod break angles of any three continuous drill rods is less than 4 degrees. And the folding angle of the single drill rod is controlled within the range required by the specification of oil and gas conveying pipeline crossing engineering construction GB 50424 and 2015 Table 6.3.1-1. In the embodiment, the construction curve of the guide hole is smooth, the sum of the bending angles of the drill rods of any three continuous drill rods is less than 3.6 degrees, and the maximum bending angle of a single drill rod is controlled to be 1.3 degrees.
Further, in order to keep the slurry in the guide hole to flow back, a reserved section which is 30m and is not drilled completely is reserved in the guide hole, the guide hole which is drilled except for the reserved section is subjected to step-by-step hole expansion by adopting a forward expansion process, and the final design size is expanded. After the hole expanding and hole washing of the part are completed, the 30m reserved section is slowly expanded or the reserved 30m reserved section is directly excavated by adopting an excavation mode through machinery, the hole expanding mode adopts a reverse expansion mode to expand the hole step by step to the final design size, and a forward expansion mode can also be adopted. And after the full-section reaming is finished, carrying out back dragging operation.
Further, as shown in fig. 3, in the present embodiment, a positive expansion tool is used, which includes: the guide head 1, the first centralizer 2, the reamer 3, the mud motor 4, the second centralizer 5 and the third centralizer 6 are sequentially arranged on the drill rod from the head part of the drill rod to the tail part of the drill rod, and a mud pump for providing hydraulic kinetic energy for the mud motor 4. The reamer 3 adopts a 20-inch and 30-inch positive dynamic reamer with 5 tooth blocks, embedded teeth and high compressive strength, the back of the palm of the hand of the reamer 3 reinforces alloy teeth, and the reamer 3 and the guide head 1 are designed integrally. When a 30-inch reamer 3 is used for reaming on site, the reaming footage per hour is counted to be 1.4-2.5 m. In the power drilling tool forward reaming process, a mud pump provides hydraulic kinetic energy to act on a mud motor, the mud motor rotates and converts the hydraulic kinetic energy into mechanical energy to drive an reamer to rotate and cut a rock surface, the forward reaming process has high requirements on performance parameters of the mud pump, and 3 mud pumps are configured on site, wherein one of the mud pumps is used as a spare pump.
Furthermore, a low-rotation-speed large-torque output motor is adopted, the flow of the motor reaches 50.7-75.7L/S, the pressure drop is 3.0MPa, and the displacement is configured to be 3m3The mud pump is more than min, so that the mud in the positive expansion stage has good carrying capacity. In order to ensure good performance state of the slurry, the solid content and the sand content of the slurry are effectively controlled, the abrasion of the slurry pump, a drilling tool, a drill rod and other pipelines under the high flow rate state of the slurry is reduced, and the service life is prolonged. The design throughput using the mud recovery system in this example was 120m3And h, wherein 2 horizontal spiral sedimentation centrifuges are used for effectively controlling the sand content of the slurry, ensuring the cleanliness of the recovered slurry and controlling the sand content of the recovered slurryThe slurry pump and the slurry motor are protected to the maximum extent when the content of the slurry is 0.3-0.5%.
Further, when slurry leakage occurs in a mountain crack fracture zone in the hole expanding process, the high-efficiency composite cement slurry is adopted for leaking stoppage, the high-efficiency composite cement is pumped to the slurry leakage position, large-particle-size sawdust, an expanding material and a bridging material are used for filling, and after standing and solidifying for a certain time, a leakage-proof pressure test is carried out, so that the purpose of leaking stoppage is achieved. The plugging construction is shown in fig. 4.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method of directional drilling through a forward reaming hole, the method comprising:
selecting a high point as an earth-entering point and a low point as an earth-emerging point, smoothly drilling a guide hole from the earth-entering point to the earth-emerging point, and reserving a reserved section which is not opened before the guide hole reaches the earth-emerging point;
reaming the guide hole from the soil-entering point to the reserved section by adopting a forward-reaming drill tool, and reaming step by step to a designed size;
and carrying out step-by-step reaming on the reserved section to the designed size.
2. A method of directional drilling through a forward reaming hole according to claim 1, wherein the pilot hole curvature satisfies: the sum of the drill rod break angles of any three continuous drill rods is less than 4 degrees.
3. The directional drilling through forward reaming method according to claim 1, wherein the reserved section is 20-50 m long.
4. The method of directional drilling through forward reaming according to claim 1, wherein the forward reaming tool comprises: the mud pump comprises a guide head (1), a first centralizer (2), a reamer (3), a mud motor (4), a second centralizer (5) and a third centralizer (6) which are sequentially arranged on a drill rod from the head part to the tail part of the drill rod, and a mud pump for providing hydraulic kinetic energy for the mud motor.
5. The method of directional drilling through forward reaming according to claim 4, wherein the drill stem is a high strength drill stem of S135 and above, the size of the drill stem being not less than 193 mm.
6. A method of directional drilling through forward reaming according to claim 4, characterized in that the reamer (3) is a roller cone insert forward dynamic reamer.
7. A method of directional drilling through forward reaming according to claim 4, characterized in that the reamer (3) is designed in one piece with the guide head (1).
8. A method of directional reaming with directional drilling according to claim 4, characterized in that the mud motor (4) is a low speed high torque output motor and is configured with 2.5m3And a mud pump with a discharge capacity above/min.
9. A method of directional drilling through a forward bore hole according to claim 1 wherein the mud is recycled and the recycled mud is treated to a sand content of 0.5% or less during the bore hole.
10. The forward reaming method for directional drilling through according to claim 1, wherein when slurry leakage occurs in a mountain fracture zone in the reaming process, the slurry leakage is stopped by adopting high-efficiency composite cement leakage stopping slurry, the high-efficiency composite cement is pumped to a slurry leakage position, and is filled by using wood chips with large particle size, an expanding material and a bridge plugging material, and after standing and solidifying for a certain time, a leakage-proof pressure test is performed.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010739458.4A CN111734308B (en) | 2020-07-28 | 2020-07-28 | Forward hole expanding method for directional drilling penetration |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010739458.4A CN111734308B (en) | 2020-07-28 | 2020-07-28 | Forward hole expanding method for directional drilling penetration |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN111734308A true CN111734308A (en) | 2020-10-02 |
| CN111734308B CN111734308B (en) | 2022-07-12 |
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| CN202010739458.4A Active CN111734308B (en) | 2020-07-28 | 2020-07-28 | Forward hole expanding method for directional drilling penetration |
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20170089143A1 (en) * | 2015-09-25 | 2017-03-30 | Radius Hdd Direct, Llc | Over-Bit Reamer |
| CN108487864A (en) * | 2018-03-19 | 2018-09-04 | 中煤科工集团西安研究院有限公司 | The double dynamical major diameter staged borehole-enlarging drilling tool of underground coal mine rock stratum directional hole and method |
| CN109356527A (en) * | 2018-12-13 | 2019-02-19 | 中国海洋石油集团有限公司 | A kind of login method of the submarine pipeline in Offshore Engineering work progress |
| CN111287653A (en) * | 2020-01-15 | 2020-06-16 | 安徽建筑大学 | Large-caliber forward reaming construction method for horizontal directional drilling of hard rock |
-
2020
- 2020-07-28 CN CN202010739458.4A patent/CN111734308B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20170089143A1 (en) * | 2015-09-25 | 2017-03-30 | Radius Hdd Direct, Llc | Over-Bit Reamer |
| CN108487864A (en) * | 2018-03-19 | 2018-09-04 | 中煤科工集团西安研究院有限公司 | The double dynamical major diameter staged borehole-enlarging drilling tool of underground coal mine rock stratum directional hole and method |
| CN109356527A (en) * | 2018-12-13 | 2019-02-19 | 中国海洋石油集团有限公司 | A kind of login method of the submarine pipeline in Offshore Engineering work progress |
| CN111287653A (en) * | 2020-01-15 | 2020-06-16 | 安徽建筑大学 | Large-caliber forward reaming construction method for horizontal directional drilling of hard rock |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 郑明高: "超长距离复杂岩层定向钻穿越施工技术", 《石油工程建设》 * |
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| CN111734308B (en) | 2022-07-12 |
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