CN104763338A - Hole expanding device, pull-back hole expanding assembly and hole expanding drilling method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a hole reamer, which comprises a drill body through which the center penetrates. The middle part of the drill body is provided with a plurality of cutting units uniformly distributed on the outside of the drill body along the circumferential direction; through holes are arranged between adjacent cutting units; at least A cavitation jet nozzle is embedded in the outlet end of a through hole. A pull-back reaming assembly, which includes an impactor, a liquid sealing joint and the above-mentioned reaming device; one end of the reaming device is connected to the impactor through thread sealing, and the other end is connected to the liquid sealing joint through thread sealing. When the invention is used to implement the pullback reaming of non-excavation pipeline laying, the high-efficiency rotary cutting rock-breaking reaming drilling of the torsion impactor combined with the reamer, or the impact rotary crushing of the hydraulic impactor combined with the reamer can be realized at the same time. The multi-process reaming drilling method coupled with the rock-type reaming drilling and the cavitation jet ejected at high speed from the cavitation jet nozzle to assist the crushed rock can effectively improve the method of pulling back reaming for non-excavation pipeline laying in the present invention. time working efficiency.

Description

Reamer and pull-back reaming assembly and reaming drilling method thereof

technical field

The invention relates to the equipment for pulling back and reaming when pipelines are laid in trenchless construction, in particular to a reamer, pull back and reaming assembly and a reaming drilling method.

Background technique

Trenchless construction technology is a high-tech and practical new technology that uses geological engineering techniques to detect, inspect, lay, repair or replace various underground pipelines and cables without excavating the surface. It is TT (Trenchless Technology) or No-Dig. It can be widely used in the laying of water supply/oil and gas/gas pipelines/cables, communication lines, etc. , repair and replacement, has the advantages of no impact on traffic, no damage to the environment, short construction period, low comprehensive construction cost, and significant social benefits.

Usually, a pilot hole is first drilled with directional drilling technology, and then a large-diameter reamer and a pipeline to be laid with a diameter smaller than the reamer are connected at the rear end of the drill string. The pipeline is pulled into the borehole together to complete the pipelaying operation under non-excavation conditions. For laying and reaming pipelines under non-excavation conditions in rock and soil, currently commonly used reamers (or reaming bits) include wing-shaped reaming bits, spiral reaming bits, and groove-shaped reaming bits. Hole drills, roller cone reaming drills, rod-shaped reaming drills, two-way spindle reaming drills, thick-diameter drill-shaped reaming drills, ring cutter-shaped reaming drills, etc., they are mainly made of cemented carbide as the drill bit Cutting tools; the currently used reaming drilling method mainly relies on the drilling rig to drive the drilling tool to rotate for reaming operations. The reaming drilling efficiency obtained by this method and the cutting rock breaking ability of the existing reamers are limited. .

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a reamer, pullback reaming assembly and a reaming drilling method to solve the deficiencies of the prior art.

The technical solution of the present invention to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is as follows: a hole reamer, which includes a drill body through the center, and the middle part of the drill body is provided with a plurality of cutting units evenly distributed on the outside of the drill body along the circumference; An inclined through-hole for discharging the continuously circulating pressurized slurry inside the drill body is provided between the cutting units; at least one of the through-hole outlets is embedded with a cavitation jet nozzle; The cutting unit includes a cutting tool, a steel body and a diamond-impregnated strip; the steel body is fixed on the outer peripheral surface of the drill bit body; the cutting tool is fixed on the steel body; the diamond-impregnated strip set on the outside of the steel body.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are: a cavitation jet nozzle is arranged between every two circumferentially adjacent cutting units, and the continuously circulating flushing liquid flows from the outlet of the cavitation jet nozzle at a high speed under a certain pump pressure (greater than 10MPa). (greater than 40m/s) can form a cavitation jet with relatively concentrated energy after ejection, which can effectively assist the cutting unit to cut and break the rock and soil, thereby improving the operating efficiency of reaming drilling.

Further: the cavitation jet nozzle is integrally formed with the through-hole, or the cavitation jet nozzle is fixed at the outlet end of the through-hole by thread, welding or interference fit.

Further: the middle part of the cavity of the cavitation jet nozzle is provided with a stepped hole, and the outlet end of the cavitation jet nozzle is provided with a bell mouth.

Further: the included angle between the axis of the through hole and the axis of the drill body is 30° to 60°.

Further: the lower part of the drill body is provided with a bottom liquid baffle for blocking the central channel; one end of the drill body is provided with a thread for connecting the impactor; the other end of the drill body is provided with a thread for connecting with the Threads for transfer case, drill string or finished piping connections.

The technical solution of the present invention to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is as follows: a pullback reaming assembly, which includes an impactor, a liquid sealing joint and the above-mentioned reamer; one end of the reamer and the impactor are passed through The other end of the hole reamer is connected with the liquid sealing joint through a threaded sealing connection.

The beneficial effect of the present invention is that: when the present invention is used to implement pipeline laying and reaming under non-excavation conditions in rock and soil, the high-efficiency rotary cutting rock-breaking reaming drilling of the torsion impactor combined with the reamer can be realized at the same time , or hydraulic impactor combined with reamer impact rotary rock crushing type reaming drilling, and the multi-process reaming drilling method coupled with cavitation jet assisted rock crushing ejected at high speed from the cavitation jet nozzle, can be Effectively improve the operation efficiency of the present invention when the pipeline is laid back and reamed under the non-excavation condition in the rock and soil mass.

Further: the impactor is a torsional impactor or a hydraulic impactor.

Further: the middle part of the inner cavity of the liquid sealing joint is provided with a middle liquid barrier for blocking the grouting fluid and enabling it to accumulate energy in the central channel of the reamer and accumulate upward.

Further: the end of the liquid sealing joint away from the reamer is provided with a thread for connecting with a transfer case, a drill string or a finished pipeline.

The technical solution of the present invention to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is as follows: a reaming drilling method of the pull-back reaming assembly, when using the above-mentioned pull-back reaming assembly, it is necessary to provide continuous circulation in the reamer in a positive circulation mode. A pressurized slurry; the slurry is a low-solids or solids-free slurry.

The beneficial effect of the present invention is that: when the present invention is used to implement pipeline laying and reaming under non-excavation conditions in rock and soil, the high-efficiency rotary cutting rock-breaking reaming drilling of the torsion impactor combined with the reamer can be realized at the same time , or hydraulic impactor combined with reamer impact rotary rock crushing type reaming drilling, and the multi-process reaming drilling method coupled with cavitation jet assisted rock crushing ejected at high speed from the cavitation jet nozzle, can be Effectively improve the operation efficiency of the present invention when the pipeline is laid back and reamed under the non-excavation condition in the rock and soil mass.

Description of drawings

Figure 1-1 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional model of the overall pull-back reaming assembly when the torsion impactor is connected;

Figure 1-2 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional model of the overall pull-back reaming assembly when the hydraulic impactor is connected;

Figure 2-1 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional model of the separated parts of the pullback reaming assembly when the torsion impactor is connected;

Figure 2-2 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional model of the separated components of the pullback reaming assembly when the hydraulic impactor is connected;

Figure 3-1 is an axonometric schematic diagram of the three-dimensional model of the main part of the reamer;

Fig. 3-2 is the front view of the three-dimensional model of the main part of the reamer;

Figure 3-3 is a sectional view of the three-dimensional model of the main part of the reamer;

Fig. 3-4 is the sectional view of the three-dimensional model of the main part of the reamer in the second embodiment;

Figure 4-1 is an axonometric schematic diagram of a three-dimensional model of a cavitation jet nozzle;

Figure 4-2 is a sectional view of a three-dimensional model of a cavitation jet nozzle;

Figure 5-1 is an axonometric schematic diagram of a complete three-dimensional model of the reamer after the cavitation jet nozzle is embedded;

Figure 5-2 is a cross-sectional view of the complete three-dimensional model of the reamer after the cavitation jet nozzle is embedded;

Fig. 5-3 is a cross-sectional view of the three-dimensional model of the hole reamer of the second embodiment after the cavitation jet nozzle is embedded;

Figure 6-1 is an axonometric schematic diagram of a three-dimensional model of a sealing liquid joint;

Figure 6-2 is a sectional view of the three-dimensional model of the sealing liquid joint;

Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the three-dimensional model after the reamer is connected to the liquid sealing joint.

In the accompanying drawings, the parts represented by each label are as follows:

1. Torsion impactor; 2. Hydraulic impactor 3. Reamer; 4. Liquid sealing joint; 31. Upper end connection thread; 32. Cutting unit; 321. Cutting tool; 322. Steel body; 323. Diamond impregnated 33, through hole; 34, connecting thread at the lower end; 35, cavitation jet nozzle; 351, liquid inlet; 352, liquid outlet; 36, bottom liquid barrier; 41, upper thread; 42, middle liquid barrier ; 43, the lower thread.

Detailed ways

The principles and features of the present invention are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and the examples given are only used to explain the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

First embodiment:

As shown in Figure 3-1, Figure 3-2, Figure 3-3, Figure 5-1, and Figure 5-2, the reamer 3 is the main tool for cutting and breaking rock and soil, and it includes a drill body through the center. The middle part of the drill body is provided with a plurality of cutting units 32 evenly distributed on the outside of the drill body along the circumference; between the adjacent cutting units 32, there is a pressurized slurry for continuously circulating the inside of the drill body. The inclined through hole 33 discharged, one end of the through hole 33 communicates with the central channel inside the drill body, and the other end of the through hole 33 communicates with the outside of the drill body; the cutting unit 32 and the through hole 33 are along the uniformly distributed on the drill bit body in the circumferential direction. Cavitation jet nozzles 35 are embedded at the outlet ends of several through holes 33. For the cavitation jet nozzles 35 mentioned in the present invention, they are not limited to the structure of the cavitation jet nozzles, and other types capable of generating high pressure can also be used. Jet nozzle structure and type. The upper part of the drill body is provided with an upper connecting thread 31 , and the lower part is provided with a lower connecting thread 34 .

As shown in Figure 3-1, the cutting unit 32 is the main structure for cutting the rock and soil around the wall of the broken hole. It is composed of a cutting tool 321, a steel body 322 and an impregnated diamond strip 323. On the peripheral surface of the drill body outside, the cutting tool 321 is embedded in the steel body 322 to form the main body of the cutting unit. Since the drilling machine usually provides a clockwise rotary torque during normal reaming drilling, the cutting tool used in the present invention The arrangement of tool 321 depends on the direction of drilling tool rotation during reaming drilling, that is, the front (cutting surface) of cutting tool 321 should be consistent with the direction of drilling machine rotation. The impregnated diamond strip 323 is embedded and fixed on the outside of the steel body 322 for diameter gauge of the drilled hole. The cutting tool 321 used in the present invention is made of PDC material, but is not limited thereto, and can also be made of other materials suitable for cutting and breaking rock and soil, such as CBN, Slavujci, TSP, and PCD. At the same time, the steel body 322 and the drill bit body used in the present invention can adopt an integrated structure.

As shown in Figure 3-3, the through-holes 33 are evenly arranged between two adjacent cutting units 32, forming a through-shaped oblique hole of 30° to 60°, and the number of through-holes 33 is consistent with the number of cutting units 32 .

As shown in Figure 4-1 and Figure 4-2, a stepped hole is provided in the middle of the cavity of the cavitation jet nozzle 35, and a bell mouth is provided at the outlet end of the cavitation jet nozzle 35. The cavitation jet nozzle 35 is embedded and fixed at the outlet end of the through hole 33 by threading, welding or interference fit, and the cavitation jet nozzle 35 and the through hole 33 can also be integrally formed. The number of cavitation jet nozzles 35 corresponds to the number of through holes 33 . When the drilling rig provides the rotary torque of the whole set of drilling tools and the drilling pressure of pulling back and reaming, the reamer 3 rotates at a high speed under the drive of the drill string and cuts the rock and soil around the broken hole wall to realize reaming drilling. Continuously circulating pressurized slurry (preferably low-solid or solid-free mud. Among them, low-solid mud: refers to clay content (by weight) < 10%, or refers to clay content (by volume) < 4% mud; no solid phase mud: refers to the dispersion system that does not add clay, and is only prepared by mixing organic polymers with water.) Flows into its inner chamber from the liquid inflow inlet 351 of several cavitation jet nozzles 35 , and is ejected at high speed by the liquid flow outlet 352 to form a cavitation jet, which can carry out advanced (pre) erosion and crushing of the rock and soil around the hole wall to be broken, so as to realize the reaming drilling of the auxiliary reamer 3, which can effectively Improve the operating efficiency when reaming drilling in rock and soil.

As shown in Fig. 1-1, Fig. 1-2, Fig. 2-1, and Fig. 2-2, the present invention also relates to a pulling back reaming assembly, which is sequentially composed of Torsion impactor 1 or hydraulic impactor 2, the above-mentioned reamer 3 (using the reamer 3 of the first embodiment), and a liquid sealing joint 4 are formed, and they are connected by thread sealing. During the construction process of excavation and laying of pipelines, the grout adopts the positive circulation method during pull-back reaming drilling. Specifically, the upper part of the reamer 3 is connected with the torsional impactor 1 or the hydraulic impactor 2 through the upper end connection thread 31 .

If the torsion impactor 1 is connected to carry out the non-excavation pipeline laying and pulling back reaming drilling, the torsion impactor 1 can continuously provide the additional impact torsion effect consistent with the rotation direction of the drilling tool for the whole set of drilling tools. The rods are connected, and the lower end is connected with the reamer 3 by threads, so that the reamer 3 can be powered by the drilling rig to drive the whole set of drilling tools to rotate and return in the process of implementing trenchless pipeline laying and pulling back reaming drilling. During stretch reaming drilling, it is continuously provided with an additional additional impact torsion force, which can not only effectively enhance the rotary cutting rock breaking effect of the reamer 3, but also reduce the power consumption of the drilling rig.

If the hydraulic impactor 2 is connected to carry out non-excavation pipeline laying and pulling back reaming drilling, the hydraulic impactor 2 can provide axial reciprocating impact load for the whole set of drilling tools. The thread is connected with the reamer 3, so that the reaming drilling method of impacting and rotating broken rock can be realized in the process of implementing the non-excavation pipeline laying back and reaming drilling, which can make the reaming of the rock The drilling efficiency of the hole is effectively improved, and at the same time, it can also play the role of releasing the jamming of the drilling tool to a certain extent.

As shown in Fig. 6-1, Fig. 6-2 and Fig. 7, the liquid sealing joint 4 is a part connecting the reamer 3 and the transfer case, the drill string (or the finished pipeline), and it mainly consists of the upper thread 41, the middle Liquid separator 42 and lower screw thread 43 are formed. Its upper part is connected with the lower end connecting thread 34 of the reamer 3 through the upper thread 41; the middle part is the middle part liquid barrier 42, which is used for sealing and carrying out non-excavation pipeline laying back-drawing reaming drilling, and continuously circulates in the whole set of drilling tools The pressurized grout enables the pressurized grout to continuously accumulate energy in the central channel of the reamer 3 and accumulate upwards, so that the pressurized grout can flow into the cavitation jet nozzle 35 along several through holes 33 to form cavitation Jet flow; the lower part is connected with the transfer case, drill string (or finished pipeline) etc. through the lower thread 43, if the transfer case etc. are not threaded, then a suitable conversion transition joint can be connected at the lower thread 43 It can be used to connect the transfer case, etc.

The power for the rotation and pull-back reaming of the entire set of pullback reaming assembly comes from the drilling rig placed on the surface. If the torsion impactor 1 is connected, the pressurized slurry pumped by the mud pump flows into the torsion force along the central channel of the drill string. Hammer 1, driving torsion Hammer 1 works to provide continuous and additional impact torsion consistent with the rotation direction of the drilling tool, which can be used for the reamer 3 when the power provided by the drilling rig drives the whole set of drilling tools to rotate and pull back the reaming drilling. At the same time, continuously providing it with an additional additional impact torsion effect can not only effectively enhance the rotary cutting rock breaking effect of the reamer 3, but also reduce the power consumption of the drilling rig; if the hydraulic impactor 2 is connected, the The pressurized slurry pumped by the mud pump flows into the hydraulic impactor 2 along the central channel of the drill string, driving the hammer of the hydraulic impactor 2 to reciprocate in the axial direction, thereby continuously applying impact loads on the upper end of the reamer 3, To achieve reaming drilling of rocks around the hole wall by impacting and rotating rock fragments, the drilling efficiency of reaming of rocks can be effectively improved, and at the same time, it can also play a role in releasing the jamming of drilling tools to a certain extent.

The drilling rig drives the whole set of pullback reaming assembly to rotate at high speed and applies the appropriate drilling pressure during pullback reaming drilling. At this time, several cutting tools 321 arranged on the reamer 3 are continuously rotating to cut the rock and soil around the broken hole wall. body to realize reaming drilling in the way of rotary cutting and crushing rock. The pressurized grout flows into the central channel of the reamer 3 until it reaches the liquid sealing joint 4 and is blocked by the middle liquid barrier 42. At the same time, the continuously circulating pressurized grout continuously accumulates energy in the central channel of the reamer 3 and accumulates upward. Get up, flow into the inner cavity from the liquid flow inlets 351 of several cavitation jet nozzles 35 along a number of through holes 33, and form a cavitation jet flow at a high speed from the liquid flow outlet 352, which can advance the rock and soil mass around the hole wall. (Pre-) erosion and crushing to achieve reaming drilling with auxiliary reamers, which can effectively improve the operating efficiency of non-excavation pipeline laying and pull-back reaming drilling.

Integrating the torsion impactor 1 to provide additional impact torsion or the hydraulic impactor 2 to provide the reamer 3 under the action of reciprocating impact load, it can not only realize the pull-back reaming drilling in the way of high-efficiency rotary cutting rock breaking, but also Realize pull-back reaming drilling under the impact rotary rock crushing method, and at the same time supplemented by cavitation jet to advance (pre) erosion and crushing of rock and soil around the hole wall, that is, the present invention can realize the coupling of the above-mentioned multiple methods at the same time The multi-process pullback reaming drilling method under the action, under this condition, along with the pullback reaming drilling is continuously carried out, the transfer box, drill string (or finished pipeline) connected to the rear part of the liquid sealing joint 4 ) and so on will drive the whole set of the present invention to pull back and ream the hole along with the drilling rig and complete the pipeline laying under the non-excavation condition along the drilled track.

Second embodiment:

As shown in Figure 3-4 and Figure 5-3, it is a structural schematic diagram of another type of reamer for non-excavation pipeline laying of the present invention. The overall structure of the reamer 3 in the second embodiment is the same as that in the first embodiment. The reamers 3 are basically the same, the difference is that a bottom liquid barrier 36 for blocking the central channel of the drill body is provided at a lower position inside the drill body. In this way, when the reamer 3 of this embodiment is used, there is no need to connect the liquid sealing joint 4 externally, and the transfer box, the drill string (or the finished pipeline) and the like can be directly connected through the lower end connection thread 34 .

According to the second embodiment, the present invention also provides another pullback reaming assembly for pipeline laying under trenchless conditions, which includes an impactor and a reamer 3 (using the reamer of the second embodiment 3); one end of the reamer 3 is sealed and connected with the impactor through an upper end connection thread 31, and the other end of the reamer 3 is connected with a transfer case, a drill string (or a drill string) through a lower end connection thread 34 Finished pipeline) and so on.

The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the protection of the present invention. within range.

Claims (10)

1. A hole reamer, characterized in that: it includes a drill body through the center, and the middle part of the drill body is provided with a plurality of cutting units evenly distributed outside the drill body along the circumference; There are inclined through holes for discharging the continuously circulating pressurized slurry inside the drill body; at least one of the through holes has a cavitation jet nozzle embedded in the outlet end; The cutting unit includes a cutting tool, a steel body and a diamond-impregnated strip; the steel body is fixed on the outer peripheral surface of the drill bit body; the cutting tool is fixed on the steel body; the diamond-impregnated Strips are provided on the outside of the steel body. 2. A hole reamer according to claim 1, characterized in that: the cavitation jet nozzle is integrally formed with the through hole, or the cavitation jet nozzle is fixed by thread, welding or interference fit Embedded and fixed at the outlet end of the through hole. 3 . The hole reamer according to claim 1 , wherein a stepped hole is provided in the middle of the cavity of the cavitation jet nozzle, and a bell mouth is provided at the outlet end of the cavitation jet nozzle. 4 . 4 . The hole reamer according to claim 1 , wherein the included angle between the axis of the through hole and the axis of the drill body is 30° to 60°. 5. A hole reamer according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: a lower part of the drill body is provided with a bottom liquid barrier for blocking the central passage; the drill body One end of the drill body is provided with a thread for connecting the impactor; the other end of the drill bit body is provided with a thread for connecting with a transfer case, a drill string or a finished pipeline. 6. A pull-back reaming assembly, characterized in that it includes an impactor, a liquid seal joint and the reamer according to any one of claims 1 to 4; one end of the reamer is connected to the impactor The reamers are connected through a threaded seal, and the other end of the reamer is connected with the liquid sealing joint through a threaded seal. 7. A pullback reaming assembly according to claim 6, wherein the impactor is a torsional impactor or a hydraulic impactor. 8. A pull-back reaming assembly according to claim 6, characterized in that: the middle part of the inner cavity of the liquid-sealing joint is provided for sealing the grout with pressure so that it can be in the central channel of the reamer. The middle liquid baffle that accumulates energy and builds up. 9. A pull-back reaming assembly according to claim 6, characterized in that: the end of the liquid sealing joint away from the reamer is provided with a joint for connecting with a transfer case, a drill string or a finished pipeline. thread. 10. A reaming drilling method of a pull-back reaming assembly, characterized in that: when using the pull-back reaming assembly described in any one of claims 6 to 9, it is necessary to provide positive circulation to the reamer The pressurized slurry is continuously circulating; the slurry is low-solid or solid-free slurry.