CN111733824A - Deep foundation pit supporting structure - Google Patents
Deep foundation pit supporting structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN111733824A CN111733824A CN202010502193.6A CN202010502193A CN111733824A CN 111733824 A CN111733824 A CN 111733824A CN 202010502193 A CN202010502193 A CN 202010502193A CN 111733824 A CN111733824 A CN 111733824A
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- foundation pit
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/02—Foundation pits
- E02D17/04—Bordering surfacing or stiffening the sides of foundation pits
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
- E01F9/00—Arrangement of road signs or traffic signals; Arrangements for enforcing caution
- E01F9/60—Upright bodies, e.g. marker posts or bollards; Supports for road signs
- E01F9/604—Upright bodies, e.g. marker posts or bollards; Supports for road signs specially adapted for particular signalling purposes, e.g. for indicating curves, road works or pedestrian crossings
- E01F9/615—Upright bodies, e.g. marker posts or bollards; Supports for road signs specially adapted for particular signalling purposes, e.g. for indicating curves, road works or pedestrian crossings illuminated
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D19/00—Keeping dry foundation sites or other areas in the ground
- E02D19/06—Restraining of underground water
- E02D19/10—Restraining of underground water by lowering level of ground water
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
- E02D5/76—Anchorings for bulkheads or sections thereof in as much as specially adapted therefor
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
- E04G21/32—Safety or protective measures for persons during the construction of buildings
- E04G21/3204—Safety or protective measures for persons during the construction of buildings against falling down
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
- E04G21/32—Safety or protective measures for persons during the construction of buildings
- E04G21/3261—Safety-nets; Safety mattresses; Arrangements on buildings for connecting safety-lines
- E04G21/3266—Safety nets
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G27/00—Temporary arrangements for giving access from one level to another for men or vehicles, e.g. steps, ramps
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H17/00—Fencing, e.g. fences, enclosures, corrals
- E04H17/14—Fences constructed of rigid elements, e.g. with additional wire fillings or with posts
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D2250/00—Production methods
- E02D2250/0023—Cast, i.e. in situ or in a mold or other formwork
Abstract
The invention discloses a deep foundation pit supporting structure, which comprises: soft soil layer, deep basal pit bed course, deep basal pit slope and upper and lower foundation ditch passageway, and upper and lower foundation ditch passageway is located the upper end of deep basal pit bed course, and upper and lower foundation ditch passageway and deep basal pit bed course fixed connection, and the upper end on deep basal pit slope is provided with the concrete and sprays the layer, and concrete sprays layer and deep basal pit slope fixed connection, and soft soil layer and deep basal pit bed course fixed connection, be provided with a plurality of stocks between concrete injection layer and the soft soil layer, and the inside on the one end embedding soft soil layer of stock, and the other end of stock runs through the concrete injection layer, and installs the bearing platform between concrete injection layer and the stock, and the bearing platform passes through fixation nut with the stock and is connected. It has realized the quick drainage to deep basal pit, strengthens deep basal pit supporting construction intensity simultaneously to the effectual deep basal pit that has avoided collapses, the immersible pump is easy to be buried, is difficult to guarantee construction safety's problem.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of highway bridges, in particular to a deep foundation pit supporting structure.
Background
Deep foundation pit engineering has been involved in all construction projects from ancient times to present. The national economy of China develops at a high speed and is continuously and cumulatively increased, the continuous expansion of cities drives the high-speed development of civil engineering, and high-rise buildings become more and more favorite for city construction. A large number of underground structure buildings such as underground parking factories, basements, underground subway stations, underground civil air defense projects and the like are gradually raised, deep foundation pit construction projects are also gradually brilliant, and the deep foundation pit construction projects must be developed and perfected, which has important significance for guaranteeing the quality and safety of the projects and completing the economy of construction tasks, the deep foundation pit construction is self-evident to the importance of super high-rise buildings and large-scale construction, the deep foundation pit technology is the basis for the survival of the safe operation of the deep foundation pit construction, and in the current urban construction, the deep foundation pit projects are continuously perfected through continuous practical experience, and an economical and reasonable supporting structure system which is adaptive to different foundation pit depths and geological conditions is gradually formed.
The existing deep foundation pit supporting structure is low in strength and poor in drainage effect, the deep foundation pit is easy to collapse after being soaked for a long time, and the submersible pump is easy to bury and difficult to guarantee construction safety.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the present invention is to solve at least the above problems and to provide at least the advantages described later.
The invention also aims to provide a deep foundation pit supporting structure, which realizes quick drainage of the deep foundation pit and simultaneously enhances the strength of the deep foundation pit supporting structure, thereby effectively avoiding the problems that the deep foundation pit collapses, the submersible pump is easy to bury and the construction safety is difficult to ensure.
In order to achieve the above objects and other objects, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
deep basal pit supporting construction includes:
the concrete spraying layer is fixedly connected with the deep foundation pit cushion layer, a plurality of anchor rods are arranged between the concrete spraying layer and the soft soil layer, one ends of the anchor rods are embedded into the soft soil layer, the other ends of the anchor rods penetrate through the concrete spraying layer, a bearing platform is arranged between the concrete spraying layer and the anchor rods, and the bearing platform is connected with the anchor rods through fixing nuts;
the first drainage ditch is positioned at the upper end of the deep foundation pit cushion layer, and four water collecting wells are arranged at the corners of the upper end of the deep foundation pit cushion layer;
the submersible pump is provided with drain pipes at two ends, and one end of each drain pipe is embedded into the water collecting well;
the second escape canal is located the upper end on soft soil layer, and is located the outside on deep basal pit slope, the inboard in second escape canal is provided with the manger plate platform, and manger plate platform and concrete spray layer fixed connection.
Preferably, the guard rail is installed in the outside of second escape canal, and the lower extreme and the soft soil layer fixed connection of guard rail.
Preferably, the protection railing includes the crossbeam, the front end of crossbeam is provided with safety sign, and safety sign passes through the screw connection with the crossbeam, the outside of protection railing is provided with first safety net, and first safety net and protection railing fixed connection.
Preferably, the walking beam is installed to one side of upper and lower foundation ditch passageway, upper and lower foundation ditch passageway includes pole setting and protection railing, two be provided with the stair platform board between the protection railing, and the pole setting with prevent that railing and stair platform board are all fixed connection, and prevent railing and stair platform board fixed connection, the outside of upper and lower foundation ditch passageway is provided with the second safety net, and second safety net and upper and lower foundation ditch passageway fixed connection.
Preferably, the submersible pump is connected with the drain pipe through a flange.
Preferably, the upper end of the deep foundation pit cushion layer is provided with a deep foundation pit foundation sideline.
Preferably, red warning lights are arranged on two sides of the front end of the safety sign, and the red warning lights are connected with the safety sign through screws.
Preferably, a reinforcing mesh is arranged inside the concrete spraying layer, and the reinforcing mesh is fixedly connected with the concrete spraying layer.
The construction method of the deep foundation pit supporting structure comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: and planning a slope ratio according to the soil quality of the site and the surrounding environment condition, and carrying out slope releasing. So as to ensure the stability of the side slope and the safety of construction operation;
step two: protective railings are arranged around the deep foundation pit, and a safety sign and a red warning light are arranged to avoid the approach of irrelevant personnel;
step three: two back shovels are adopted, six rear eight-wheel vehicles are adopted, a construction sidewalk is taken as an inlet and an outlet of the construction sidewalk from the west side according to the angle of convenient construction, minimum soil turning amount and minimum vehicle climbing, the slope of the construction sidewalk is controlled to be about ten percent, the width of a ramp is six meters, earthwork excavation and slope body slope modification are matched with each other, layered and segmented excavation is carried out, excavation is carried out from the east to the west, a mode of combining mechanical excavation and manual excavation is adopted in general conditions, mechanical excavation is adopted in general conditions, manual excavation is adopted at pit surfaces and pit corners, foundation soil is not disturbed, excavation of a foundation pit is changed into manual cleaning of the pit bottom from about three meters away from the zero point of the pit bottom, super excavation is strictly forbidden, foundation pit excavation construction is subject to the principle of an 'information method', duty monitoring, patrol is carried out, information is timely fed back, sufficient emergency measures are required, and construction measures are timely adjusted in case of abnormal conditions, to ensure successful excavation of the foundation pit, the mechanical construction team of the earth excavation construction team closely cooperates with each other to coordinate the construction. Meanwhile, the excavation sequence and the excavation speed are adjusted at any time according to information fed back by environment monitoring, and earthwork is moved along with excavation and cannot be randomly piled at the periphery of the foundation pit in the foundation pit excavation process. Construction materials are not stacked on the periphery of a foundation pit as far as possible, the stacking position is beyond one time of excavation depth of the foundation pit and is not beyond a specified stacking load value, in the earthwork excavation process, an excavator is prevented from colliding and closing on a building engineering pile structure, a measuring mark and a monitoring element, thirty centimeters of earthwork are reserved on a substrate, manual excavation is adopted to avoid over excavation and interference of substrate soil, thirty centimeters of pit edge slope protection are adopted, manual excavation is adopted to guarantee stability of soil quality of the pit edge, a second drainage ditch is arranged outside the deep foundation pit, and a water blocking platform is installed.
Step four: the exposed time of the excavated foundation pit is reduced as much as possible, the edge and the bottom are cleaned in time, the cushion layer construction is carried out as soon as possible, the cushion layer is fully sealed in the foundation pit so as to improve the stress state of the supporting structure, and a water collecting well and a first drainage ditch are arranged at the upper end of the cushion layer of the deep foundation pit;
step five: the aggregate, the cement and the accelerator are mixed uniformly according to a certain proportion, then the mixture is loaded into a spraying machine, the dry aggregate is suspended in a hose by compressed air and is sent to a spray gun, then the mixture is mixed with high-pressure water at a nozzle and is sprayed to the slope of a deep foundation pit at a high speed, a reinforcing mesh is installed after a layer is sprayed, and then the spraying is continued to form a concrete spraying layer with the reinforcing mesh inside;
step six: measuring and lofting, accurately discharging the hole position of the anchor rod according to the design requirement, drilling by a pneumatic rock drilling machine, cleaning the hole by using high-pressure air, strictly prohibiting hole washing by using high-pressure water, avoiding artificial hole collapse, checking the hole passage after cleaning the hole, checking the hole opening aperture, the hole depth and the hole passage inclination, adopting a single-tube grouting process, directly inserting a grouting pipe into the bottom of the anchor rod hole, repeatedly sending the grouting pipe to the bottom of the hole after grouting is started, extruding redundant water in the hole out by using mortar, pulling out the grouting pipe while grouting, preparing a plug rod, placing the anchor rod in time after grouting, filling the grouting according to actual needs after the anchor rod is placed, inserting the reinforcing steel bars of the anchor rod into the anchor rod hole after the anchor rod hole is filled with the mortar, simultaneously sealing the hole opening by using cement bag paper or plastic cloth, when the anchor rod is sensed to impact the bottom of the hole, requiring the mortar to be filled in the hole, temporarily and fixing the hole by using stones or wood wedges at, the exposed part of the rod body avoids knocking and collision. After the anchor rod is installed, the anchor rod cannot be knocked randomly, and a heavy object cannot be hung within three days;
step seven: when the mortar in the anchor rod hole reaches over eighty percent of the design strength, the operation of installing the bearing table can be carried out, the bearing table is ensured to be vertical to the axis of the anchor rod, the bearing table can be ensured to uniformly compress the concrete injection layer, and then the concrete injection layer is fixed through the fixing nut;
step eight: a submersible pump is arranged outside the deep foundation pit and connected with a drain pipe, and the drain pipe is embedded into the water collecting well;
step nine: assembling an upper foundation pit channel and a lower foundation pit channel, wherein an upper inclined ramp and a lower inclined ramp are horizontally flat and vertical and are uniformly distributed, the step pitch of the stairs is kept consistent, the exposed length of a cross rod is kept consistent and cannot exceed one hundred millimeters, fifty-millimeter-thick scaffold boards are fully paved on the upper inclined ramp and the lower inclined ramp, the joints among the scaffold boards are tight, the width of the upper inclined ramp and the lower inclined ramp is one meter, the width of a rest platform is one meter, an externally-hung second safety net is closed, the bottoms of vertical rods are tamped, and the scaffold boards are padded.
The invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention enhances the structural strength of the concrete injection layer by arranging the reinforcing mesh in the concrete injection layer, prevents the concrete injection layer from cracking, has stronger tensile and compressive strength, and forms a net structure by the longitudinal ribs and the transverse ribs of the reinforcing mesh, so the reinforcing mesh has good bonding anchorage property with the concrete injection layer, the borne load is uniformly diffused and distributed, the anti-cracking performance of the concrete injection layer structure is obviously improved, and the soft soil layer and the concrete injection layer are connected by a plurality of anchor rods, the structural strength of the concrete injection layer is further improved, the anchor rods are used as tensile members which go deep into the soft soil layer, one end of each anchor rod is connected with the concrete injection layer, the other end of each anchor rod goes deep into the soft soil layer, the fixed frictional force of concrete injection layer and soft soil layer is improved, the reinforcement is carried out, the bearing capacity of the concrete injection layer is improved, the concrete injection layer is limited to be separated from the soft soil layer, and therefore the collapse of a deep foundation pit is avoided.
2. According to the invention, the first drainage ditch is arranged at the upper end of the deep foundation pit cushion layer, the first drainage ditch is positioned at the edge of the deep foundation pit cushion layer, the water collecting wells are arranged at four corners of the first drainage ditch, accumulated water in the first drainage ditch can be collected in time, and then is pumped out through the drainage pipe of the submersible pump and is obviously discharged out of the pit, the submersible pump is positioned out of the pit, so that the submersible pump is convenient to maintain, meanwhile, the submersible pump is prevented from being buried, the stability of a drainage system is ensured, the accumulated water outside the pit is collected through the second drainage ditch and is matched with the water retaining platform for use, the accumulated water is prevented from entering the pit, and the construction safety is further ensured.
3. According to the invention, the operation of entering and exiting the deep foundation pit by constructors is facilitated through the upper and lower foundation pit channels, the second safety net is arranged outside the upper and lower foundation pit channels, the construction safety is further improved, the protection railing is arranged outside the slope top to ensure the construction safety, and the approach of irrelevant personnel is avoided.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a front view of a deep foundation pit supporting structure provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a view showing the position relationship between a first drainage channel and a sump provided by the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a guard rail provided by the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a partial enlarged view of region A provided by the present invention;
fig. 5 is a partially enlarged view of the region B provided by the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings so that those skilled in the art can implement the invention by referring to the description.
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, the deep foundation pit supporting structure includes: the concrete spraying device comprises a soft soil layer 1, a deep foundation pit cushion layer 2, a deep foundation pit slope 3, an upper foundation pit channel 19, a lower foundation pit channel 19, a concrete spraying layer 4, a soft soil layer 1 and the deep foundation pit cushion layer 2, wherein the upper foundation pit channel 19 and the lower foundation pit channel 19 are located at the upper end of the deep foundation pit cushion layer 2, the upper foundation pit channel 19 and the lower foundation pit channel 19 are fixedly connected with the deep foundation pit cushion layer 2, the upper end of the deep foundation pit slope 3 is provided with the concrete spraying layer 4, the concrete spraying layer 1 is fixedly connected with the deep foundation pit cushion layer 2, a plurality of anchor rods 6 are arranged between the concrete spraying layer 4 and the soft soil layer 1, one ends of the anchor rods 6 are embedded into the soft soil layer 1, the other ends of the; the first drainage ditch 8 is positioned at the upper end of the deep foundation pit cushion layer 2, the corners of the upper end of the deep foundation pit cushion layer 2 are provided with four water collecting wells 9, and the number of the water collecting wells 9 is four; the submersible pump 11 is arranged, the two ends of the submersible pump 11 are respectively provided with a drain pipe 10, and one end of each drain pipe 10 is embedded into the water collecting well 9; and the second drainage ditch 12 is positioned at the upper end of the soft soil layer 1 and positioned at the outer side of the deep foundation pit slope 3, a water retaining platform 13 is arranged at the inner side of the second drainage ditch 12, and the water retaining platform 13 is fixedly connected with the concrete injection layer 4.
In the scheme, two backhoe excavators and six rear eight-wheel automobiles are adopted, a construction sidewalk is taken as an entrance and an exit of the construction sidewalk from the west side according to the aspects of convenient construction, minimum soil turning amount and minimum climbing of the automobiles, the gradient of the construction sidewalk is controlled to be about ten percent, the width of a ramp is six meters, earthwork excavation and slope body slope modification are matched with each other, layered and segmented excavation is carried out, excavation is carried out from the east to the west, a mode of combining mechanical excavation and manual excavation is adopted, mechanical excavation is generally adopted, manual excavation is adopted at pit surfaces and pit corners, foundation soil is not disturbed, excavation of a foundation pit is changed into manual cleaning of the pit bottom about three meters away from the bottom of the pit and strictly over excavation is forbidden, the foundation pit excavation construction follows the principle of an information method, monitoring, duty inspection and timely information feedback are needed, sufficient emergency measures are needed, and construction measures are timely adjusted when abnormal conditions occur, to ensure successful excavation of the foundation pit, the mechanical construction team of the earth excavation construction team closely cooperates with each other to coordinate the construction. Meanwhile, the excavation sequence and the excavation speed are adjusted at any time according to information fed back by environment monitoring, and earthwork is moved along with excavation and cannot be randomly piled at the periphery of the foundation pit in the excavation process of the foundation pit. The construction materials are not stacked on the periphery of the foundation pit as far as possible, the stacking position is beyond one time of the excavation depth of the foundation pit and is not beyond a specified stacking load value, in the earthwork excavation process, the excavator is prevented from colliding with a pile structure close to the building engineering, a measuring mark and a monitoring element, the exposure time of the excavated foundation pit is reduced as far as possible, the foundation pit is cleaned in time, and the cushion layer construction is carried out as soon as possible. The cushion layer is fully closed in a foundation pit to improve the stress state of the supporting structure, the reinforced mesh is arranged in the concrete spraying layer to enhance the structural strength of the concrete spraying layer and prevent the concrete spraying layer from cracking, the reinforced mesh has stronger tensile and compressive strengths, longitudinal ribs and transverse ribs of the reinforced mesh form a net structure, so that the reinforced mesh has good bonding anchorage property with the concrete spraying layer and bears load which is uniformly diffused and distributed, the anti-seismic cracking performance of the concrete spraying layer structure is obviously improved, the soft soil layer and the concrete spraying layer are connected through a plurality of anchor rods to further improve the structural strength of the concrete spraying layer, the anchor rods are used as tension members which go deep into the soft soil layer, one end of each anchor rod is connected with the concrete spraying layer, the other end of each anchor rod goes deep into the soft soil layer to improve the fixed friction force of the concrete spraying layer and the soft soil layer, the reinforcement is carried out, and the bearing capacity of the concrete spraying layer is improved, restriction concrete sprays the layer and breaks away from the soft soil layer, thereby avoid collapsing of deep basal pit, first drainage ditch is located the edge of deep basal pit bed course, and all set up the water-collecting well in the four corners of first drainage ditch, can in time collect the inside ponding of first drainage ditch, the drain pipe of rethread immersible pump is taken out, obviously arrange outside the hole, the immersible pump is located outside the hole, it is convenient to maintain it, avoid the immersible pump to be buried simultaneously, the second drainage ditch is collected the ponding outside the hole, cooperation manger plate platform uses, avoid ponding to get into in the hole, further guarantee construction safety.
In a preferable scheme, a guard rail 14 is installed at the outer side of the second drainage ditch 12, and the lower end of the guard rail 14 is fixedly connected with the soft soil layer 1.
In the scheme, the guard rail rod protects the whole use field, warns and reminds surrounding personnel so as to ensure the construction safety and avoid the approach of irrelevant personnel.
In a preferred scheme, the guard rail 14 comprises a cross beam 16, a safety sign 17 is arranged at the front end of the cross beam 16, the safety sign 17 is connected with the cross beam 16 through a screw, a first safety net 18 is arranged outside the guard rail 14, and the first safety net 18 is fixedly connected with the guard rail 14.
In the above scheme, first safety net improves protection security, and safety sign can clearly and directly perceivedly warn irrelevant personnel's being close to, improves the security in the work progress.
In a preferred scheme, walking beam 20 is installed to one side of upper and lower foundation ditch passageway 19, upper and lower foundation ditch passageway 19 includes pole setting 21 and protection railing 23, two be provided with stair platform board 22 between the protection railing 23, and pole setting 21 and the equal fixed connection of protection railing 23 and stair platform board 22, and protection railing 23 and stair platform board 22 fixed connection, the outside of upper and lower foundation ditch passageway 19 is provided with second safety net 24, and second safety net 24 and upper and lower foundation ditch passageway 19 fixed connection.
In the above scheme, the upper and lower foundation ditch passageway makes things convenient for constructor discrepancy deep basal pit operation, sets up the second safety net in the outside of upper and lower foundation ditch passageway, has further improved the security of construction, prevents that people, thing from falling, avoids, alleviates to fall and thing hits the injury.
In a preferred embodiment, the submersible pump 11 is flanged to the drain pipe 10.
In the above scheme, there are better intensity and compactness, and the size range of being suitable for is wide, uses generally, dismantles convenient, intensity is high, sealing performance is good, takes out through the drain pipe of immersible pump, obviously arranges outside the hole, and the immersible pump is located outside the hole, conveniently maintains it.
In a preferred scheme, the upper end of the deep foundation pit cushion layer 2 is provided with a deep foundation pit foundation sideline 15.
In the above scheme, the excavation sideline is confirmed to accessible deep basal pit basis sideline, guarantees that the construction is more accurate.
In a preferred scheme, red warning lamps 26 are arranged on two sides of the front end of the safety sign 17, and the red warning lamps 26 are connected with the safety sign 17 through screws.
In the above scheme, red is dangerous, and maintenance operation safety that can be better lights at red warning light night, can carry out obvious warning, guarantees the construction safety at night, and the connected mode is simple, does benefit to red warning light maintenance and change in time.
In a preferred scheme, a reinforcing mesh 5 is arranged inside the concrete spraying layer 4, and the reinforcing mesh 5 is fixedly connected with the concrete spraying layer 4.
In the above scheme, the reinforcing mesh is arranged in the concrete spraying layer, the structural strength of the concrete spraying layer is enhanced, the concrete spraying layer is prevented from cracking, the reinforcing mesh has stronger tensile and compressive strengths, and the longitudinal bars and the transverse bars of the reinforcing mesh form a net structure, so that the reinforcing mesh is good in bonding and anchoring property with the concrete spraying layer, the borne load is uniformly and dispersedly distributed, and the anti-cracking performance of the concrete spraying layer structure is obviously improved.
The construction method of the deep foundation pit supporting structure comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: and planning a slope ratio according to the soil quality of the site and the surrounding environment condition, and carrying out slope releasing. So as to ensure the stability of the side slope and the safety of construction operation;
step two: the protection railings 14 are arranged around the deep foundation pit, and the safety label 17 and the red warning lamp 26 are arranged to avoid the approach of irrelevant personnel;
step three: two back shovels are adopted, six rear eight-wheel vehicles are adopted, a construction sidewalk is taken as an inlet and an outlet of the construction sidewalk from the west side according to the angle of convenient construction, minimum soil turning amount and minimum vehicle climbing, the slope of the construction sidewalk is controlled to be about ten percent, the width of a ramp is six meters, earthwork excavation and slope body slope modification are matched with each other, layered and segmented excavation is carried out, excavation is carried out from the east to the west, a mode of combining mechanical excavation and manual excavation is adopted in general conditions, mechanical excavation is adopted in general conditions, manual excavation is adopted at pit surfaces and pit corners, foundation soil is not disturbed, excavation of a foundation pit is changed into manual cleaning of the pit bottom from about three meters away from the zero point of the pit bottom, super excavation is strictly forbidden, foundation pit excavation construction is subject to the principle of an 'information method', duty monitoring, patrol is carried out, information is timely fed back, sufficient emergency measures are required, and construction measures are timely adjusted in case of abnormal conditions, to ensure successful excavation of the foundation pit, the mechanical construction team of the earth excavation construction team closely cooperates with each other to coordinate the construction. Meanwhile, the excavation sequence and the excavation speed are adjusted at any time according to information fed back by environment monitoring, and earthwork is moved along with excavation and cannot be randomly piled at the periphery of the foundation pit in the foundation pit excavation process. Construction materials are not stacked on the periphery of a foundation pit as far as possible, the stacking position is beyond one time of excavation depth of the foundation pit and is not beyond a specified stacking load value, in the earthwork excavation process, an excavator is prevented from colliding and closing to a building engineering pile structure, a measuring mark and a monitoring element, thirty centimeters of earthwork are reserved on a substrate, manual excavation is adopted to avoid overexcavation and interference of substrate soil, thirty centimeters of pit edge slope protection are adopted, manual excavation is adopted to guarantee stability of soil quality of the pit edge, a second drainage ditch 12 is arranged outside the deep foundation pit, and a water retaining platform 13 is installed.
Step four: the exposed time of the excavated foundation pit is reduced as much as possible, the edge and the bottom are cleaned in time, the cushion layer construction is carried out as soon as possible, the cushion layer is fully sealed in the foundation pit so as to improve the stress state of the supporting structure, and a water collecting well 9 and a first drainage ditch 8 are arranged at the upper end of the deep foundation pit cushion layer 2 during cushion layer construction;
step five: the method comprises the following steps of uniformly mixing aggregate, cement and an accelerator according to a certain proportion, then loading the mixture into a spraying machine, enabling the dry aggregate to be in a suspended state in a hose by using compressed air, sending the mixture to a spray gun, mixing the mixture with high-pressure water at a nozzle, spraying the mixture onto a deep foundation pit slope 3 at a high speed, installing a reinforcing mesh 5 after spraying a layer, and continuing spraying to form a concrete spraying layer 4 with the reinforcing mesh 5 inside;
step six: measuring and lofting, accurately discharging the hole position of the anchor rod 6 according to the design requirement, drilling by a pneumatic rock drilling machine, cleaning the hole by using high-pressure air, strictly prohibiting high-pressure water washing to avoid artificial hole collapse, checking the hole passage after cleaning the hole, checking the hole opening hole diameter, the hole depth and the hole passage inclination, adopting a single-tube grouting process, directly inserting a grouting pipe into the bottom of the anchor rod 6, repeatedly sending the grouting pipe to the bottom of the hole after starting grouting, extruding excessive water in the hole out by using mortar, pulling out the grouting pipe along with subsequent grouting, preparing an insertion rod, placing the anchor rod 6 in time after grouting, filling the anchor rod 6 according to the actual requirement, inserting reinforcing steel bars of the anchor rod 6 into the hole 6 after the anchor rod 6 is filled with the mortar, simultaneously sealing the hole opening by using cement bag paper or plastic cloth, when the anchor rod 6 is sensed to impact the hole bottom, filling the hole opening with the mortar, temporarily fixing the anchor rod 6 in the middle by using stones or wood wedges after inserting, the exposed part of the rod body avoids knocking and collision. After the anchor rod 6 is installed, the anchor rod cannot be knocked randomly, and a heavy object cannot be hung within three days;
step seven: when the mortar in the hole of the anchor rod 6 reaches over eighty percent of the design strength, the operation of installing the bearing table can be carried out, the bearing table is ensured to be vertical to the axis of the anchor rod 6, the bearing table can be ensured to uniformly compress the concrete injection layer, and then the concrete injection layer is fixed through the fixing nut;
step eight: a submersible pump 11 is arranged outside the deep foundation pit, the submersible pump 11 is connected with a drain pipe 10, and the drain pipe 10 is embedded into the water collecting well 9;
step nine: assembling the upper and lower foundation pit channels 19, arranging the upper and lower inclined chutes horizontally and vertically and uniformly, keeping the step pitch of the stairs consistent, keeping the exposed length of the cross rods consistent and not exceeding one hundred millimeters, fully paving fifty-millimeter-thick scaffold boards on the upper and lower inclined chutes, ensuring tight splicing seams among the scaffold boards, arranging the upper and lower inclined chutes with the width of one meter, arranging the rest platform with the width of one meter, sealing the external second safety net, tamping the bottoms of the upright rods 21, and padding the scaffold boards.
While embodiments of the invention have been disclosed above, it is not limited to the applications set forth in the description and the embodiments, which are fully applicable in a variety of fields of endeavor to which the invention pertains, and further modifications may readily be made by those skilled in the art, it being understood that the invention is not limited to the details shown and described herein without departing from the general concept defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (9)
1. A deep foundation pit supporting structure, comprising:
the concrete spraying layer is fixedly connected with the deep foundation pit cushion layer, one end of the anchor rod is embedded into the soft soil layer, the other end of the anchor rod penetrates through the concrete spraying layer, a bearing table is arranged between the concrete spraying layer and the anchor rod, and the bearing table is connected with the anchor rod through a fixing nut;
the first drainage ditch is positioned at the upper end of the deep foundation pit cushion layer, and four water collecting wells are arranged at the corners of the upper end of the deep foundation pit cushion layer;
the submersible pump is provided with drain pipes at two ends, and one end of each drain pipe is embedded into the water collecting well;
the second escape canal is located the upper end on soft soil layer, and is located the outside on deep basal pit slope, the inboard in second escape canal is provided with the manger plate platform, and manger plate platform and concrete spray layer fixed connection.
2. The deep foundation pit supporting structure of claim 1, wherein a guard rail is installed at an outer side of the second drainage ditch, and a lower end of the guard rail is fixedly connected with the soft soil layer.
3. The deep foundation pit supporting structure of claim 2, wherein the guard rail comprises a cross beam, a safety sign is arranged at the front end of the cross beam and connected with the cross beam through screws, a first safety net is arranged outside the guard rail, and the first safety net is fixedly connected with the guard rail.
4. The deep foundation pit supporting structure of claim 1, wherein a walking beam is installed on one side of the upper and lower foundation pit passages, the upper and lower foundation pit passages comprise vertical rods and protective railings, two stair platform plates are arranged between the protective railings, the vertical rods are fixedly connected with the protective railings and the stair platform plates, the protective railings are fixedly connected with the stair platform plates, second safety nets are arranged outside the upper and lower foundation pit passages, and the second safety nets are fixedly connected with the upper and lower foundation pit passages.
5. The deep foundation pit supporting structure of claim 1, wherein the submersible pump is connected to the drain pipe through a flange.
6. The deep foundation pit supporting structure of claim 1, wherein the upper end of the deep foundation pit cushion layer is provided with a deep foundation pit side line.
7. The deep foundation pit supporting structure of claim 3, wherein red warning lamps are provided at both sides of the front end of the safety sign, and the red warning lamps are connected with the safety sign by screws.
8. The deep foundation pit supporting structure of claim 1, wherein a reinforcing mesh is provided inside the concrete sprayed layer, and the reinforcing mesh is fixedly connected with the concrete sprayed layer.
9. The construction method of the deep foundation pit supporting structure comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: planning a slope ratio according to the soil quality of the site and the surrounding environment condition, and releasing the slope; so as to ensure the stability of the side slope and the safety of construction operation;
step two: protective railings are arranged around the deep foundation pit, and a safety sign and a red warning light are arranged to avoid the approach of irrelevant personnel;
step three: two backhoe excavators and six rear eight-wheel automobiles are adopted, the construction sidewalk is taken as an inlet and an outlet of the construction sidewalk from the west side according to the angle of convenient construction, minimum soil turning amount and minimum climbing of the automobiles, the slope of the construction sidewalk is controlled to be about ten percent, the width of a ramp is six meters, earthwork excavation and slope body slope modification are matched with each other, layered segmental excavation is carried out, excavation is carried out from the east to the west, a mode of combining mechanical excavation and manual excavation is adopted in general conditions, manual excavation is adopted at pit surfaces and pit corners, foundation soil is not disturbed, excavation of a foundation pit is changed into manual cleaning of the pit bottom about three meters away from the pit bottom, over excavation is strictly forbidden, foundation pit excavation construction follows the principle of 'information method' construction, duty monitoring, patrol and timely information feedback are needed, sufficient emergency measures are needed, and when abnormal conditions exist, the construction measures are timely adjusted to ensure that the foundation pit excavation is successful, the mechanical construction teams of the earth excavation construction team closely cooperate with each other to coordinate the construction. Meanwhile, the excavation sequence and the excavation speed are adjusted at any time according to information fed back by environment monitoring, and earthwork is moved along with excavation and cannot be randomly piled at the periphery of the foundation pit in the foundation pit excavation process. Construction materials are not stacked on the periphery of a foundation pit as far as possible, the stacking position is beyond one time of excavation depth of the foundation pit and is not beyond a specified stacking load value, in the earthwork excavation process, an excavator is prevented from colliding and closing on a building engineering pile structure, a measuring mark and a monitoring element, thirty centimeters of earthwork are reserved on a substrate, manual excavation is adopted to avoid over excavation and interference of substrate soil, thirty centimeters of pit edge slope protection are adopted, manual excavation is adopted to guarantee stability of soil quality of the pit edge, a second drainage ditch is arranged outside the deep foundation pit, and a water blocking platform is installed.
Step four: the exposed time of the excavated foundation pit is reduced as much as possible, the edge and the bottom are cleaned in time, the cushion layer construction is carried out as soon as possible, the cushion layer is fully sealed in the foundation pit so as to improve the stress state of the supporting structure, and a water collecting well and a first drainage ditch are arranged at the upper end of the cushion layer of the deep foundation pit;
step five: the aggregate, the cement and the accelerator are mixed uniformly according to a certain proportion, then the mixture is loaded into a spraying machine, the dry aggregate is suspended in a hose by using compressed air and is sent to a spray gun, then the mixture is mixed with high-pressure water at a nozzle and is sprayed to the slope of a deep foundation pit at a high speed, a reinforcing mesh is installed after a layer is sprayed, and then the spraying is continued to form a concrete spraying layer with the reinforcing mesh inside;
step six: measuring and lofting, accurately discharging the hole position of the anchor rod according to the design requirement, drilling by a pneumatic rock drilling machine, cleaning the hole by using high-pressure air, strictly prohibiting high-pressure water washing to avoid artificial hole collapse, checking the hole passage after cleaning the hole, checking the hole opening aperture, the hole depth and the hole passage inclination, adopting a single-tube grouting process, directly inserting a grouting pipe into the bottom of the anchor rod hole, repeatedly sending the grouting pipe to the bottom of the hole after grouting is started, extruding excessive water in the hole out by using mortar, then pulling out the grouting pipe while grouting, preparing an inserted link, placing the anchor rod in time after grouting, adding the anchor rod according to the actual need for grouting, inserting anchor rod reinforcing steel bars into the anchor rod hole after the anchor rod hole is fully grouted, and meanwhile, the hole opening is sealed by cement bag paper or plastic cloth, when the anchor rod is impacted on the bottom of the hole, the hole opening is required to be filled with mortar, the anchor rod is inserted and then temporarily fixed in the middle by using block stones or wood wedges, and the exposed part of the rod body is prevented from knocking and colliding. After the anchor rod is installed, the anchor rod cannot be knocked randomly, and a heavy object cannot be hung within three days;
step seven: when the mortar in the anchor rod hole reaches over eighty percent of the design strength, the operation of installing the bearing table can be carried out, the bearing table is ensured to be vertical to the axis of the anchor rod, the bearing table can be ensured to uniformly compress the concrete injection layer, and then the concrete injection layer is fixed through the fixing nut;
step eight: a submersible pump is arranged outside the deep foundation pit and connected with a drain pipe, and the drain pipe is embedded into the water collecting well;
step nine: assembling an upper foundation pit channel and a lower foundation pit channel, wherein an upper inclined ramp and a lower inclined ramp are horizontally flat and vertical and are uniformly distributed, the step pitch of the stairs is kept consistent, the exposed length of a cross rod is kept consistent and cannot exceed one hundred millimeters, fifty-millimeter-thick scaffold boards are fully paved on the upper inclined ramp and the lower inclined ramp, the joints among the scaffold boards are tight, the width of the upper inclined ramp and the lower inclined ramp is one meter, the width of a rest platform is one meter, an externally-hung second safety net is closed, the bottoms of vertical rods are tamped, and the scaffold boards are padded.
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