CN109208592A - A kind of anchor rod construction method - Google Patents

A kind of anchor rod construction method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109208592A
CN109208592A CN201811221419.4A CN201811221419A CN109208592A CN 109208592 A CN109208592 A CN 109208592A CN 201811221419 A CN201811221419 A CN 201811221419A CN 109208592 A CN109208592 A CN 109208592A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
construction
anchor
drilling
construction method
anchor pole
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN201811221419.4A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
陈宏伟
丁明辉
吕静
黄明亮
徐恒雷
吴浩
高亚飞
姜龙
徐飞
胡文超
王鹏
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
CHINA NATIONAL GOLD GROUP CONSTRUCTION Co Ltd
Original Assignee
CHINA NATIONAL GOLD GROUP CONSTRUCTION Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by CHINA NATIONAL GOLD GROUP CONSTRUCTION Co Ltd filed Critical CHINA NATIONAL GOLD GROUP CONSTRUCTION Co Ltd
Priority to CN201811221419.4A priority Critical patent/CN109208592A/en
Publication of CN109208592A publication Critical patent/CN109208592A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02DFOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/74Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02DFOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D17/00Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
    • E02D17/20Securing of slopes or inclines
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21DSHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D20/00Setting anchoring-bolts
    • E21D20/02Setting anchoring-bolts with provisions for grouting

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of anchor rod construction method, specific steps are as follows: carries out positioning drilling hole location first, and marks;Then it drills;Borehole cleaning is carried out to drilling;Then it prepares mortar while carrying out anchor pole preparation;Again to bored grouting, specific steps include: that slip casting first starts or suspends more than 30 minutes halfway when, with water lubrication pulp injection tank and its pipeline;Slip casting aperture pressure limit is 0.4~0.6Mpa;Last Grouting Pipe is inserted at 5~10cm of bottom hole, is slowly at the uniform velocity extracted with the injection of cement mortar, until filling;Anchor pole is finally inserted into drilling.Beneficial effects of the present invention: construction method of the invention is used, it can guarantee the accuracy of construction by being accurately positioned drilling, anchor pole is immediately inserted into after the completion of bored grouting simultaneously, then the construction of reinforced concrete grid skeleton is carried out after the completion of anchor bolt construction, anchor bolt construction quality has been effectively ensured, this method has process simple in the construction process simultaneously, advantage easy to operate, and strong applicability.

Description

A kind of anchor rod construction method
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of building construction, it particularly relates to a kind of anchor rod construction method.
Background technique
With being becoming tight the day of land resource, more and more traffic lines plannings cannot largely occupy cultivated land again, so Traffic engineering generally requires to build in mountainous region, inevitably needed in engineering construction by the way of tunnel or side slope into Row design and construction, in engineering construction field, the specific gravity that tunneling and underground engineering and slope project account for is increasing.In numerous tunnels The stabilization for realizing country rock as support system using grouting rock bolt is required in road and Slope Construction engineering, so mortar anchor at present Bar support is support system commonly used in tunnel or slope project.
But process is tedious for traditional construction method, it is complicated for operation, while construction quality is general, has been unable to meet market Demand.
Summary of the invention
For above-mentioned technical problem in the related technology, the present invention proposes a kind of anchor rod construction method, can overcome existing The above-mentioned deficiency of technology.
To realize the above-mentioned technical purpose, the technical scheme of the present invention is realized as follows:
A kind of anchor rod construction method, comprising the following steps:
S1: positioning drilling hole location, and mark;
S2: it drills;
S3: borehole cleaning is carried out to drilling;
S4: it prepares mortar while carrying out anchor pole preparation;
S5: to bored grouting, specific steps include:
S5.1: when slip casting starts or midway pause was more than 30 minutes, with water lubrication pulp injection tank and its pipeline;
S5.2: slip casting aperture pressure limit is 0.4~0.6Mpa;
S5.3: Grouting Pipe is inserted at 5~10cm of bottom hole, is slowly at the uniform velocity extracted with the injection of cement mortar, until fill for Only;
S6: anchor pole is inserted into drilling.
Further, before step S1, also answer the following steps are included:
S0: the preparation before carrying out construction specifically includes:
S0.1: it carries out test and prepares;Including anchor pole material property testing, reinforcement property test and thick, fine aggregate performance test with And mortar, concrete ratio test;
S0.2: the surveying and locating before construction.
Further, in step sl, positioning drilling hole location tolerance is ± 15mm;Bolthole away from error not More than 150mm.
Further, in step s 2, the direction of the drilling is vertical with rock stratum primary structure face, and anchor pole hole depth allows inclined Difference is ± 50mm.
Further, in step s 4, the specific steps of the progress anchor pole preparation include:
S4.1: the body of rod is intercepted as required;
S4.2: by body of rod straightening, removing embroidery and oil removing, spare.
Further, in step s 6, the length that the anchor rod body of insertion anchor pole inserts in the hole in the drilling must not be short In the 95% of anchor rod body.
Further, further include following steps after step S6:
S7: the construction of reinforced concrete grid skeleton is carried out, is specifically included:
S7.1: surveying and locating;
S7.2: excavation of foundation pit;
S7.3: template processing and installation;
S7.4: scene carries out reinforcing bar binding;
S7.5: foundation pit, reinforcing bar, template inspection;
S7.6: concrete is prepared and is poured;
S7.7: it is finally conserved.
Beneficial effects of the present invention: using construction method of the invention, can guarantee construction by being accurately positioned drilling Accuracy, while it being immediately inserted into anchor pole after the completion of bored grouting, reinforced concrete grid bone is then carried out after the completion of anchor bolt construction Frame construction, has been effectively ensured anchor bolt construction quality, while this method has process simple in the construction process, excellent easily to operate Point, and strong applicability.
Detailed description of the invention
It in order to more clearly explain the embodiment of the invention or the technical proposal in the existing technology, below will be to institute in embodiment Attached drawing to be used is needed to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only some implementations of the invention Example, for those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, can also obtain according to these attached drawings Obtain other attached drawings.
Fig. 1 is a kind of flow chart of the anchor rod construction method described according to embodiments of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete Site preparation description, it is clear that described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.It is based on Embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art's every other embodiment obtained belong to what the present invention protected Range.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of anchor rod construction method described according to embodiments of the present invention, comprising the following steps:
S1: positioning drilling hole location, and mark;
S2: it drills;
S3: borehole cleaning is carried out to drilling;
S4: it prepares mortar while carrying out anchor pole preparation;
S5: to bored grouting, specific steps include:
S5.1: when slip casting starts or midway pause was more than 30 minutes, with water lubrication pulp injection tank and its pipeline;
S5.2: slip casting aperture pressure limit is 0.4~0.6Mpa;
S5.3: Grouting Pipe is inserted at 5~10cm of bottom hole, is slowly at the uniform velocity extracted with the injection of cement mortar, until fill for Only;
S6: anchor pole is inserted into drilling.
In one embodiment, before step S1, also answer the following steps are included:
S0: the preparation before carrying out construction specifically includes:
S0.1: it carries out test and prepares;Including anchor pole material property testing, reinforcement property test and thick, fine aggregate performance test with And mortar, concrete ratio test;
S0.2: the surveying and locating before construction.
In one embodiment, in step sl, positioning drilling hole location tolerance is ± 15mm;Bolthole It is no more than 150mm away from error.
In one embodiment, in step s 2, the direction of the drilling is vertical with rock stratum primary structure face, bolthole Deep tolerance is ± 50mm.
In one embodiment, in step s 4, the specific steps of the progress anchor pole preparation include:
S4.1: the body of rod is intercepted as required;
S4.2: by body of rod straightening, removing embroidery and oil removing, spare.
In one embodiment, in step s 6, the length that the anchor rod body of insertion anchor pole inserts in the hole in the drilling Must not spend and is shorter than the 95% of anchor rod body.
In one embodiment, further include following steps after step S6:
S7: the construction of reinforced concrete grid skeleton is carried out, is specifically included:
S7.1: surveying and locating;
S7.2: excavation of foundation pit;
S7.3: template processing and installation;
S7.4: scene carries out reinforcing bar binding;
S7.5: foundation pit, reinforcing bar, template inspection;
S7.6: concrete is prepared and is poured;
S7.7: it is finally conserved.
In order to facilitate understanding above-mentioned technical proposal of the invention, below by way of in specifically used mode to of the invention above-mentioned Technical solution is described in detail.
When specifically used, the present invention preferably construct first before preparation, specifically include: first, foundation faces and builds work Journey: including temporarily using water: construction water utilizes Si Maheshui, with pumping for water pump, sprinkling truck Yun Shui;Temporary house: life uses Movable plank house establishes indispensable duty room, toolhouse etc.;Temporary road: anti-nurse is reached by the longitudinal builder's road built Each location of journey construction;Temporary drainage measure: excavating gutter and intercepting ditch before construction, gutter and intercepting ditch composition are interim Drainage system, is introduced into the water flow on hillside in gutter by intercepting ditch, avoids current scour side slope as far as possible;Temporary site: It is returned after carrying out smooth planting greening after use in busy forest land;Or mulching plant land reform make farmland after return;Four Perform pumping equipment and protective equipment week, it is ensured that the interim land occupation after returning can long-term normal use after giving back.For working as land What mansion required otherwise, it is returned after handling as required.Second, preparation of construction specially carries out test preparation: anchor pole material first It can test, reinforcement property test;Slightly, fine aggregate performance test;Mortar, concrete ratio test;Anchor pole material by regulation by batch into Performing check, anchor pole will make in building site processing workshop, and trial assembly is matched, to ensure quality;Then construction survey setting-out is carried out: protection Engineering construction is carried out immediately following cutting excavation construction, is designed according to cutting TRANBBS and is excavated slope surface, and plain stage of slope position, root are released According to design requirement and country rock situation, drilling hole location is made, is made a mark.
Secondly, after cut slope is cleared up by design requirement, start to carry out anchor bolt construction operation, specifically: first into Row positioning drilling hole location: hole location tolerance is ± 15mm;Bolthole is no more than 150mm away from error;Then it drills: anchor pole Using air pressure gun perforating, anchor pole axis intersects in rock mass main structure face or slide surface at wide-angle, and drilling will meet claimed below: It drills round and straight, boring direction is vertical with rock stratum primary structure face as far as possible;Anchor pole aperture is greater than shank diameter 15mm, and drilling is deep Degree will meet following requirements: anchor pole hole depth tolerance is ± 50mm;Drilling quality and anchor pole quality of materials are anchor bolt construction matter The basis of amount, it is ensured that each anchor pole can play the effect of supporting;Secondly borehole cleaning is carried out to drilling: will be in hole with high-pressure air hose Dust and sundries blowout;Then prepared by mortar: using not less than 42.5 grades and with the general of the chemical stability for resisting water erosion Logical portland cement, unifies mix anchor pole mortar in mixing station by coordination in works, while carrying out anchor pole preparation: wanting by design Seek the interception body of rod, and straightening, except embroidering and oil removing;Again, to bored grouting: cement injection mortar after hole depth, aperture acceptance(check), The construction requirement of conventional cement mortar anchor pole is as follows: mortar uniform mixing, with mixing with the mortar once mixed and stirred will be before initial set It is finished;Mortar quality is to ensure that the core of cohesive force and anchor force, it is necessary to it gives one's full attention to, is finished before being strict controlled in initial set, and To abide by following provisions:
(1), slip casting starts or suspends more than 30 minutes halfway when, water lubrication pulp injection tank and its pipeline are used;
(2), pressure control in slip casting aperture is between 0.4~0.6Mpa;
(3), Grouting Pipe will be inserted at 5~10cm of bottom hole, slowly at the uniform velocity be extracted with the injection of cement mortar, until fill for Only.
Then it is inserted into anchor pole in drilling: being immediately rapidly inserted into anchor bar body after slip casting, anchor rod body inserts in the hole Length must not be shorter than the 95% of design length;If aperture is flowed out without mortar, it is necessary to which anchor bar body is extracted slip casting again.
The construction of reinforced concrete grid skeleton is finally carried out, the construction of reinforced concrete grid skeleton carries out after the completion of anchor bolt construction, has Body includes: surveying and locating first: carrying out immediately after the completion of anchor bolt construction, is designed according to cutting and excavate slope surface and release excavation of foundation pit Sideline and plain stage of slope position;Then it excavation of foundation pit: because foundation pit section is smaller, is only carried out, is opened using the method for hand excavation Pay attention to excavated section to be made perpendicular to cut slope slope surface when digging;Secondly, template processing and installation: template uses steel form and wood Template combines, and transports to in-site installation after the processing of production factory and assembly are good;Then carry out reinforcing bar binding: reinforcing bar is in production place Live binding is transported to after making, anchor pole carries out pull-out test as required before reinforcing bar is bound, and just can be carried out lower step process after qualified; Then to foundation pit, reinforcing bar, template inspection: inspection item provides to execute according to standard inspection;Again, it carries out concrete preparation and pours: Concrete concentrates mix in mixing station, and concrete transport vehicle transport is vibrated using plug-in type vibrating stick;Finally supported Shield: the maintenance of concrete carries out after concrete placings 12~24 hours, and curing time must not be less than 7 days.
The present invention is in construction, it should be noted that the following: first, in construction, inspect periodically power circuit and equipment Electric component, it is ensured that Electrical Safety;Second, spraying machine, water tank, bellows chamber, pulp injection tank etc. should be sealed performance and pressure resistance examination It tests, qualified rear can be used;Third: in mortar depositing construction operation, running check discharging elbow, conveying pipeline, Grouting Pipe and pipeline Connector etc. whether there is or not wear down, puncture or loosen phenomenon, find the problem, should handle in time;4th: when processing mechanical breakdown, it is necessary to make Device powers down, blowing-out.To before construction equipment power transmission, air-supply, the relevant personnel should be notified;5th: to when bolthole slip casting, pulp injection tank Interior to keep a certain number of mortars, to prevent tank body emptying, mortar ejection is hurted sb.'s feelings;6th: non-operator must not enter just into The operation area of row construction, while in construction, forbid the people that stands in front of spray head and Grouting Pipe;7th: the skin of constructing operation personnel It should be avoided and directly contacted with accelerator, resin-bonded mastic, forbid resin cigarette to touch open fire, special messenger is specified to reinforce seeing in work progress It examines, inspects periodically anti-pulling of anchor bar, it is ensured that safety;8th: anchor pole must not be tapped arbitrarily after installing, and end must not hang in 3 days Weight is hung, before mortar solidification, performs anchor pole protected working really, prevent percussion, collision, the drawing body of rod and is opened below reinforcing It digs;After Grouted bolt anchor pole bonding strength of cement mortar reaches 80% or more, the bending construction of anchor pole outer end just can be carried out.
Anchor bolt construction quality assurance measure of the invention specifically includes: one, material quality of bolt inspection: ensuring every batch of anchor pole material Have the quality certificate of production firm, and indicates sampling observation anchor pole by material standard as defined in construction drawing and supervisor Energy;Two, compactness of grouting is tested: being chosen and the bolt diameter of scene anchor pole and length, anchor hole aperture and the identical anchor of gradient Bar, using the mortar of identical with live slip casting material and match ratio mixing, and by grouting process identical with site operation into Row slip casting, maintenance cut open pipe after 7 days and check its compactness;Three, pull-out test: pressing design requirement side slope support anchor rod, by work Industry subregion spot-check three progress pull-out tests in every 300 anchor poles;If design value is not achieved in anti-pulling of anchor bar, using expansion Bore diameter increases early strength mortar and solves with country rock contact area;Four, in work progress, to the drilling specification of bolthole (hole location, aperture, hole depth and gradient) carries out self-test, performs record, and supervisor is cooperated to inspect by random samples;Five, in supervisor Scene is participated in every test and is checked, and every test data sheet and achievement and acceptance report are checked and accepted through supervisor, recognizes in label Data after qualification as support engineering completion acceptance.
Present invention concrete quality control method in slip casting specifically includes: 1, concrete ratio controls: concrete ratio is strictly by setting Meter requires the experiment work before being constructed, and cement, sand material and construction water are tested, it is ensured that the quality of concrete;2, concrete Mixing, transport and pour: for strict control concrete quality, set up concrete mixing station, concentrated compactness, the transport of concrete waggon, coagulation Native delivery pump perfusion;3, Quality Control Procedure: for ensure the match ratio of concrete, mixing, transport, pour, conserve, demoulding meets design And code requirement, establish concrete project Quality Control Procedure.
The present invention uses advanced equipment and reasonable construction technology, is equipped with functional, efficient advanced construction machinery, Carry out do mechanization operation;Under the premise of guaranteeing quality, safety, carry out multi-process synchronous construction, parallel operations, control as far as possible Cycle time for working, reasonable arrangement operation level, it is ensured that construction is normally carried out.
In conclusion can guarantee the accuracy of construction by being accurately positioned drilling, together using construction method of the invention When be immediately inserted into anchor pole after the completion of the bored grouting, the construction of reinforced concrete grid skeleton is then carried out after the completion of anchor bolt construction, is had Effect ensure that anchor bolt construction quality, while this method has process simple in the construction process, advantage easy to operate, and fits It is strong with property.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all in essence of the invention Within mind and principle, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on be should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. a kind of anchor rod construction method, which comprises the following steps:
S1: positioning drilling hole location, and mark;
S2: it drills;
S3: borehole cleaning is carried out to drilling;
S4: it prepares mortar while carrying out anchor pole preparation;
S5: to bored grouting, specific steps include:
S5.1: when slip casting starts or midway pause was more than 30 minutes, with water lubrication pulp injection tank and its pipeline;
S5.2: slip casting aperture pressure limit is 0.4~0.6Mpa;
S5.3: Grouting Pipe is inserted at 5~10cm of bottom hole, is slowly at the uniform velocity extracted with the injection of cement mortar, until fill for Only;
S6: anchor pole is inserted into drilling.
2. a kind of anchor rod construction method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that before step S1, should also include with Lower step:
S0: the preparation before carrying out construction specifically includes:
S0.1: it carries out test and prepares;Including anchor pole material property testing, reinforcement property test and thick, fine aggregate performance test with And mortar, concrete ratio test;
S0.2: the surveying and locating before construction.
3. a kind of anchor rod construction method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step sl, the spitting drill Hole hole location tolerance is ± 15mm;Bolthole is no more than 150mm away from error.
4. a kind of anchor rod construction method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step s 2, the side of the drilling To vertical with rock stratum primary structure face, anchor pole hole depth tolerance is ± 50mm.
5. a kind of anchor rod construction method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step s 4, the carry out anchor Bar prepare specific steps include:
S4.1: the body of rod is intercepted as required;
S4.2: by body of rod straightening, removing embroidery and oil removing, spare.
6. a kind of anchor rod construction method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step s 6, the drilling interpolation The 95% of anchor rod body must not be shorter than by entering the length that the anchor rod body of anchor pole inserts in the hole.
7. a kind of anchor rod construction method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that further include as follows after step S6 Step:
S7: the construction of reinforced concrete grid skeleton is carried out, is specifically included:
S7.1: surveying and locating;
S7.2: excavation of foundation pit;
S7.3: template processing and installation;
S7.4: scene carries out reinforcing bar binding;
S7.5: foundation pit, reinforcing bar, template inspection;
S7.6: concrete is prepared and is poured;
S7.7: it is finally conserved.
CN201811221419.4A 2018-10-19 2018-10-19 A kind of anchor rod construction method Pending CN109208592A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201811221419.4A CN109208592A (en) 2018-10-19 2018-10-19 A kind of anchor rod construction method

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201811221419.4A CN109208592A (en) 2018-10-19 2018-10-19 A kind of anchor rod construction method

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Publication Number Publication Date
CN109208592A true CN109208592A (en) 2019-01-15

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111271107A (en) * 2020-02-17 2020-06-12 上海盈彬建筑工程有限责任公司 Double yielding anchor rod and construction method
CN111733824A (en) * 2020-06-04 2020-10-02 中国化学工程第六建设有限公司 Deep foundation pit supporting structure
CN112483157A (en) * 2021-01-06 2021-03-12 福建路桥建设有限公司 Foldable anchor rod for narrow space of tunnel face and application method thereof
CN113250721A (en) * 2021-05-20 2021-08-13 中国水利水电第九工程局有限公司 Construction method of mortar anchor rod
CN115492134A (en) * 2022-10-23 2022-12-20 中铁十八局集团第二工程有限公司 Grouting anchor rod construction process for slope shallow layer support

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CN106906825A (en) * 2017-03-06 2017-06-30 河南和德新能源有限公司 It is suitable to the anchor pole guyed foundation of rock foundation and its construction method

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US20060207489A1 (en) * 2005-03-21 2006-09-21 Waldrop Donald L Florida anchor
CN101532292A (en) * 2008-03-14 2009-09-16 上海市基础工程公司 Construction process for jet grouting anchor rod
CN106906825A (en) * 2017-03-06 2017-06-30 河南和德新能源有限公司 It is suitable to the anchor pole guyed foundation of rock foundation and its construction method

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Title
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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111271107A (en) * 2020-02-17 2020-06-12 上海盈彬建筑工程有限责任公司 Double yielding anchor rod and construction method
CN111733824A (en) * 2020-06-04 2020-10-02 中国化学工程第六建设有限公司 Deep foundation pit supporting structure
CN112483157A (en) * 2021-01-06 2021-03-12 福建路桥建设有限公司 Foldable anchor rod for narrow space of tunnel face and application method thereof
CN113250721A (en) * 2021-05-20 2021-08-13 中国水利水电第九工程局有限公司 Construction method of mortar anchor rod
CN115492134A (en) * 2022-10-23 2022-12-20 中铁十八局集团第二工程有限公司 Grouting anchor rod construction process for slope shallow layer support

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Application publication date: 20190115