CN111733627A - 一种小麦秸秆纤维基防虫型烟用全降解地膜及其制造方法 - Google Patents

一种小麦秸秆纤维基防虫型烟用全降解地膜及其制造方法 Download PDF

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CN111733627A
CN111733627A CN202010683941.5A CN202010683941A CN111733627A CN 111733627 A CN111733627 A CN 111733627A CN 202010683941 A CN202010683941 A CN 202010683941A CN 111733627 A CN111733627 A CN 111733627A
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陈海涛
刘爽
宗浩
邢振雷
何昀阳
张颖
赵敏
尚会敏
韩永俊
李龙海
郎倩
李睿
竹筱歆
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Shandong Ruibosi Tobacco Co ltd
Northeast Agricultural University
Shandong Linyi Tobacco Co Ltd
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Northeast Agricultural University
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Abstract

一种小麦秸秆纤维基防虫型烟用全降解地膜及其制造方法，所述地膜由小麦秸秆纤维、烟草秸秆纤维、木质纤维、环境友好型功能助剂组成，采用纯机械方法制造。所述地膜物理机械性能可满足农作物有机(绿色)栽培机械化铺设作业要求，适合复杂机械化作业环境。所述地膜主要应用于烟草类等作物覆膜栽培，具有抑草、防虫、保墒、减肥、减药、调温等多重功效，提高烟草类等作物产量，在烟草类作物栽培生育期内完全降解还田，降解产物对土壤无污染，培肥地力，可持续改良土壤理化性状。所述小麦秸秆纤维基防虫型烟用全降解地膜具有广阔的应用前景。

Description

一种小麦秸秆纤维基防虫型烟用全降解地膜及其制造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及秸秆资源化利用及可降解地膜领域，具体是一种小麦秸秆纤维基防虫型烟用全降解地膜及其制造方法。
背景技术
烟草是中国重要的经济作物，地膜覆盖栽培以其保墒、保温、增产的功效已成为中国烟草农业生产的主要种植模式。但传统塑料地膜在自然条件下难以降解，残膜严重阻碍作物根系生长发育及土壤水肥运移，造成了严重的白色污染。同时，烟草的虫害种类繁多、危害大，随着气候环境、作物布局和栽培制度的改变，烟草虫害呈上升趋势。目前，化学防治是防治烟草虫害的主要手段，长期过量施用化学农药，导致烟草产品和农业环境污染态势日益严峻。
小麦是我国的主粮作物之一，每年产出大量小麦秸秆，由于科学利用方法技术匮乏，导致大量小麦秸秆堆积于田边地头和排水沟内或者被焚烧，造成严重的资源浪费和环境污染。同时，烟草生产过程中也产生大量的烟草秸秆，其中含有的烟碱对害虫具有触杀、熏蒸、胃毒等防治作用。
基于上述情况，本发明提出了一种以小麦秸秆纤维、烟草秸秆纤维和木质纤维为主要原料，辅以功能助剂制造防虫型烟用全降解地膜的技术方法，所制造的小麦秸秆纤维基防虫型烟用全降解地膜不但可以替代传统塑料地膜，而且能够实现小麦秸秆和烟草秸秆的精细还田，具有抑草、防虫、保墒、减肥、减药、调温和培肥地力等多重功效，经济社会生态效益兼备。
发明内容
本发明提供如下技术方案：
一种小麦秸秆纤维基防虫型烟用全降解地膜，其特征在于：所述地膜定量为60～80g/m2，由小麦秸秆纤维、烟草秸秆纤维、木质纤维混合组成，按绝干质量计，小麦秸秆纤维质量百分比为50％～70％、烟草秸秆纤维5％～10％、木质纤维质量百分比为10％～40％，小麦秸秆纤维、烟草秸秆纤维与木质纤维按工艺参数配比混合后加入环境友好型功能助剂(施胶剂、增强剂)，据占小麦秸秆纤维、烟草秸秆纤维与木质纤维整体质量计，各功能助剂占比为：施胶剂0.7％～1.7％、增强剂1.2％～2.0％。所制造的小麦秸秆纤维基防虫型烟用全降解地膜干抗张强度≥2.2kN/m、湿抗张强度≥0.73kN/m、耐破度≥100kPa、撕裂度≥520mN、施胶度≥80s。
本发明所述的地膜的制造方法，其特征在于：
1)原料小麦秸秆、烟草秸秆用揉切机预处理后，以常温清洁水浸泡至饱和含水状态，再应用秸秆纤维制取机通过挤压爆破原理制得小麦秸秆纤维和烟草秸秆纤维原料，此过程中不添加任何化学试剂。
2)小麦秸秆纤维和烟草秸秆纤维原料通过打浆机打浆至65°SR～75°SR，与打浆度55°SR～65°SR的木质纤维原料按照工艺参数配比均匀混合，将功能助剂用COD≤300mg/L、pH值6.5～7.5的水稀释5倍以上，按照施胶剂、增强剂的顺序在冲浆泵前流加入混合浆料。
3)功能助剂与浆料混合均匀后，输送进入抄造系统，按照工艺技术参数定量要求，经压榨和烘干制造成地膜原样，并根据烟草类等作物种植要求，分切、复卷、包装。
本发明所述的地膜由小麦秸秆纤维、烟草秸秆纤维和木质纤维及环境友好型功能助剂组成，生产制造全过程采用机械方法，具有抑草、防虫、保墒、减肥、减药、调温和培肥地力等多重功效，主要应用于烟类作物覆膜栽培，所述地膜在作物生育期内可完全降解，降解产物对土壤无污染，持续改良土壤环境。所述小麦秸秆纤维基防虫型烟用全降解地膜具有良好的物理机械性能，可满足烟类作物有机(绿色)栽培机械化铺设要求，提高烟类作物产量，改善土壤理化性状。
附图说明
图1为小麦秸秆纤维基防虫型烟用全降解地膜制造工艺流程；
图2为小麦秸秆纤维基防虫型烟用全降解地膜结构示意图；
图3为覆膜垄形关系；
图中标号说明：1.小麦秸秆纤维 2.烟草秸秆纤维 3.木质纤维 4.功能助剂 5.地膜 6.垄高 7.垄底宽 8.垄顶宽 9.压膜沟底宽 10.垄距。
具体实施方式
以下所述结合附图对本发明作进一步详细的描述，以下实施例仅用于说明本发明，但不用来限制本发明的范围。
根据图1所示工艺流程，取当年收获、无霉变的小麦秸秆和烟草秸秆，用揉切机预处理至长度10～15cm，以常温清洁水浸泡至饱和含水状态。再应用秸秆纤维制取机通过挤压爆破原理制得小麦秸秆纤维原料和烟草秸秆纤维原料，此过程中不添加任何化学试剂。
小麦秸秆纤维原料和烟草秸秆纤维原料通过打浆机打浆至70°SR，木质纤维用打浆机打浆至65°SR，三者按照按绝干质量计，小麦秸秆纤维质量百分比50％、烟草秸秆纤维10％、木质纤维质量百分比40％在成浆池中充分混合。施胶剂和增强剂分别按照绝干浆质量比0.7％和1.5％添加，将助剂用COD≤300mg/L、pH值6.5～7.5的水稀释5倍，按照施胶剂、增强剂的顺序在冲浆泵前流加入混合浆料。助剂与浆料混合均匀后，经冲浆泵流送入压力筛后进入流浆箱，经网部、压榨部、烘干部后压光、卷取，再根据种植农艺要求分切、复卷、包装成筒状地膜成品。所制造的小麦秸秆纤维基防虫型烟用全降解地膜结构如图2所示，其中木质纤维(3)起到了骨架作用，小麦秸秆纤维(1)和烟草秸秆纤维(2)填充于木质纤维(3)骨架空隙中，功能助剂(4)起到增强地膜抗水性和干湿强度的作用。性能指标为：定量为70g/m2、干抗张强度2.2kN/m、湿抗张强度0.80kN/m、耐破度105kPa、撕裂度530mN、施胶度86s。如图3所示，根据垄高(6)、垄底宽(7)、垄顶宽(8)、压膜沟底宽(9)和垄距(10)确定地膜(5)尺寸，在无风晴天将地膜(5)拉紧、铺平、紧贴覆盖于垄面，在两侧用土压紧，并在垄顶适当距离压土。覆盖地膜后适时定植烟苗，注意定植孔周围的地膜必须压紧、封严，并经常检查盖膜状况，发现有被风吹开的应及时用土压严。烟草覆盖栽培试验结果表明：地膜的强度满足机械化作业要求；抑草、保墒、减肥、减药、调温性能优良，防虫效果显著；地膜降解诱导期45±5天左右，在烟草生育期内完全降解还田，提高土壤有机质含量，无残留，无污染，经济社会生态效益显著。
以上所述仅为本发明的实施例之一，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (4)

1.一种小麦秸秆纤维基防虫型烟用全降解地膜，其特征在于：所述地膜定量为60～80g/m2，由小麦秸秆纤维、烟草秸秆纤维、木质纤维和环境友好功能助剂混合组成，按绝干质量计，小麦秸秆纤维质量百分比为50％～70％、烟草秸秆纤维5％～10％、木质纤维质量百分比为10％～40％。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种小麦秸秆纤维基防虫型烟用全降解地膜，其特征在于：小麦秸秆纤维、烟草秸秆纤维与木质纤维按工艺参数配比混合后加入环境友好型功能助剂(施胶剂、增强剂)，据占小麦秸秆纤维、烟草秸秆纤维与木质纤维整体质量计，各功能助剂添加量为：施胶剂0.7％～1.7％、增强剂1.2％～2.0％。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种小麦秸秆纤维基防虫型烟用全降解地膜，其特征在于：干抗张强度≥2.2kN/m、湿抗张强度≥0.73kN/m、耐破度≥100kPa、撕裂度≥520mN、施胶度≥80s。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种小麦秸秆纤维基防虫型烟用全降解地膜的制造方法，其特征在于：
1)原料小麦秸秆、烟草秸秆用揉切机预处理后，以常温清洁水浸泡至饱和含水状态，再应用秸秆纤维制取机通过挤压爆破法制取小麦秸秆纤维原料和烟草秸秆纤维原料，此过程中不添加任何化学试剂；
2)小麦秸秆纤维和烟草秸秆纤维通过打浆机打浆至65°SR～75°SR，与打浆度至55°SR～65°SR的木质纤维按照权利要求1所述比例均匀混合，将助剂用COD≤300mg/L、pH值6.5～7.5的水稀释5倍以上，按照施胶剂、增强剂的顺序在冲浆泵前流加入混合浆料；
3)助剂与浆料混合均匀后，进入抄造系统，再经压榨和烘干成地膜，并根据烟草类等作物种植农艺要求分切、复卷、包装。
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Citations (12)

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