CN111725563B - Non-aqueous electrolyte of lithium ion battery and lithium ion battery - Google Patents
Non-aqueous electrolyte of lithium ion battery and lithium ion battery Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
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- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
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Abstract
In order to solve the problem that the cycle performance and the high-temperature storage performance of the lithium ion battery in the prior art are not ideal, the invention provides a non-aqueous electrolyte of the lithium ion battery, which comprises a compound shown in a structural formula 1,
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of lithium ion batteries, in particular to a non-aqueous electrolyte of a lithium ion battery and the lithium ion battery using the same.
Background
The lithium ion battery has been developed in the field of portable electronic products due to the characteristics of high working voltage, high safety, long service life, no memory effect and the like. With the development of new energy automobiles, the lithium ion battery has a huge application prospect in a power supply system for the new energy automobiles.
In a nonaqueous electrolyte lithium ion battery, a nonaqueous electrolyte is a key factor affecting high-low temperature performance of the battery, and in particular, an additive in the nonaqueous electrolyte is particularly important for the exertion of high-low temperature performance of the battery. In the initial charging process of the lithium ion battery, lithium ions in the positive electrode material of the battery are extracted and are inserted into the carbon negative electrode through the electrolyte. Due to its high reactivity, the electrolyte reacts on the surface of the carbon negative electrode to produce Li 2 CO 3 、Li 2 O, liOH, etc., thereby forming a passivation film on the surface of the negative electrode, which is called a solid electrolyte interface film (SEI). The SEI film formed in the initial charging process not only prevents the electrolyte from further decomposing on the surface of the carbon anode, but also plays a role in lithiumIon tunneling allows only lithium ions to pass through. Therefore, the SEI film determines the performance of the lithium ion battery.
In order to improve various performances of lithium ion batteries, many researchers improve the quality of SEI films by adding different negative electrode film forming additives (such as vinylene carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate and ethylene carbonate) to the electrolyte, thereby improving various performances of batteries. For example, it is proposed in the prior art to add fluoroalkyl ethylene carbonate-based substances to an electrolyte, but the cycle performance and high-temperature storage performance of a lithium ion battery in a high-pressure state after adding such substances are still insufficient.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems of non-ideal cycle performance and high-temperature storage performance of a lithium ion battery in a high-voltage state in the prior art, and provides a non-aqueous electrolyte of the lithium ion battery.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
provided is a nonaqueous electrolyte for a lithium ion battery, comprising a compound represented by structural formula 1,
wherein the X group is selected from a group containing one or more of S, si and N or a carbon-containing group containing unsaturated bond, and the R group is selected from hydrogen, halogen atom or a group containing 1-4 carbon atoms; m is an integer of 0 to 10.
The lithium ion battery nonaqueous electrolyte contains a compound shown in a structural formula 1, and the inventor discovers that, as cyclic carbonate in the compound shown in the structural formula 1 is connected with structural groups containing hetero atoms or carbon-containing groups X containing unsaturated bonds through ether bonds directly connected to the cyclic carbonate, the breaking and falling off of the X groups in the compound are more facilitated, free radicals formed after breaking can be further polymerized, and a more stable solid electrolyte membrane is formed at the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and the solid electrolyte membrane can effectively reduce impedance while inhibiting further decomposition of a solvent. Therefore, the non-aqueous electrolyte for the lithium ion battery is excellent in both high-temperature performance and low-temperature performance.
Preferably, m is an integer from 1 to 4.
Preferably, the S-containing group is selected from one of sulfonate, sulfate and sulfite; the Si-containing group is selected from siloxane groups; the N-containing group is selected from one of cyano and amino; the carbon-containing group containing unsaturated bond is selected from one of carbonyl, alkenyl and alkynyl.
Preferably, the group containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms is selected from cyano, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, haloalkenyl, haloalkynyl.
Preferably, R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, fluorine, cyano, methyl, ethyl, propyl, ethenyl, propenyl, propynyl, fluoroethenyl, fluoroethynyl, fluoropropynyl.
Preferably, the content of the compound shown in the structural formula 1 is 0.01% -5% relative to the total mass of the lithium ion battery nonaqueous electrolyte.
Preferably, the compound represented by the structural formula 1 is selected from, but not limited to, the following compounds 1 to 10:
preferably, the lithium ion battery nonaqueous electrolyte further comprises one or more of ethylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate and fluoroethylene carbonate;
and the lithium ion battery nonaqueous electrolyte also selectively comprises one or more than two of 1, 3-propane sultone, 1, 4-butane sultone and 1, 3-propylene sultone.
Preferably, the lithium ion battery nonaqueous electrolyte further comprises lithium salt and a nonaqueous organic solvent;
the lithium salt is selected from LiPF 6 、LiBF 4 、LiBOB、LiF 2 PO 2 、LiDFOB、LiSbF 6 、LiAsF 6 、LiN(SO 2 CF 3 ) 2 、LiN(SO 2 C 2 F 5 ) 2 、LiC(SO 2 CF 3 ) 3 Or LiN (SO) 2 F) 2 One or two or more of them;
the non-aqueous organic solvent is a mixture of cyclic carbonate and chain carbonate, wherein the cyclic carbonate is selected from one or more of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate or butylene carbonate, and the chain carbonate is selected from one or more of dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate or methyl propyl carbonate.
Meanwhile, the invention also provides a lithium ion battery, which comprises a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a diaphragm arranged between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and the non-aqueous electrolyte of the lithium ion battery.
Preferably, the active material of the positive electrode is selected from LiCoO 2 、LiNiO 2 、LiMn 2 O 4 、LiCo 1-y M y O 2 、LiNi 1- y M y O 2 、LiMn 2-y M y O 4 And LiNi x Co y Mn z M 1-x-y-z O 2 Wherein M is one or more selected from Fe, co, ni, mn, mg, cu, zn, al, sn, B, ga, cr, sr, V or Ti, and y is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1, x is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1, z is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1, and x+y+z is more than or equal to 1.
As another embodiment of the present invention, the active material of the positive electrode is selected from LiFe 1-x M x PO4, wherein M is selected from one or more than two of Mn, mg, co, ni, cu, zn, al, sn, B, ga, cr, sr, V or Ti, and x is more than or equal to 0 and less than 1.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical schemes and beneficial effects solved by the invention more clear, the invention is further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The lithium ion battery nonaqueous electrolyte provided by the invention comprises a compound shown in a structural formula 1,
wherein the X group is selected from a group containing one or more of S, si and N or a carbon-containing group containing unsaturated bond, and the R group is selected from hydrogen, halogen atom or a group containing 1-4 carbon atoms; m is an integer of 0 to 10.
The lithium ion battery nonaqueous electrolyte contains the compound shown in the structural formula 1, and the compound 1 has obvious positive electrode protection effect, can effectively inhibit the damage of a positive electrode material structure, and also inhibits the catalytic decomposition reaction of metal ions on the electrolyte and the damage effect on a negative electrode passivation film. In the full-power storage process, the side reaction between the positive electrode material and the electrolyte under high voltage can be effectively reduced, so that the storage performance of the lithium ion battery under high voltage is improved. Meanwhile, the cathode has a good film forming effect and has little influence on film resistance, so that the stability of the cathode in the recycling process is improved, and the recycling performance is improved.
The preparation method of the compound shown in the structural formula 1 is known to those skilled in the organic synthesis field according to the structure of the compound, and can be prepared by, for example, esterifying 2- (1, 2-dihydroxy-ethoxy-ethyl methyl ester) sulfate or 2- (1, 2-dihydroxy-ethoxy-ethyl ester) sulfate or 1- (2-trimethylsiloxy-ethoxy) -1, 2-ethylene glycol or 3- (1, 2-dihydroxy-ethoxy) -propionitrile with carbon dioxide under high pressure to form a ring, and then recrystallizing or purifying by column chromatography. The synthetic route is exemplified as follows:
preferably, m is an integer from 1 to 4, more preferably 2.
Preferably, the S-containing group is selected from one of sulfonate, sulfate and sulfite; the Si-containing group is selected from siloxane groups; the N-containing group is selected from one of cyano and amino; the carbon-containing group containing unsaturated bond is selected from one of carbonyl, alkenyl and alkynyl.
Preferably, R is selected from hydrogen, halogen atoms or groups containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
In the case where R is selected from groups containing carbon atoms, it is advantageous to control the number of carbon atoms to 4 or less (including 4), preferably 4 or less. The number of carbon atoms is controlled to be less than 4, so that the impedance of the battery can be reduced, and the high-temperature performance and the low-temperature performance are both achieved. If a group containing carbon atoms with a carbon number of 5 or more is selected as a substituent, the resistance of the battery is increased instead, and the high-temperature performance and the low-temperature performance of the battery are adversely affected, so that the group containing carbon atoms with a carbon number of 5 or more is not selected as a substituent in the present invention. In the present invention, the alternative group containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms is preferably cyano, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, haloalkenyl, haloalkynyl. Preferably, R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, fluorine, cyano, methyl, ethyl, propyl, ethenyl, propenyl, propynyl, fluoroethenyl, fluoroethynyl, fluoropropynyl.
Preferably, the content of the compound shown in the structural formula 1 is 0.01% -5% relative to the total mass of the lithium ion battery nonaqueous electrolyte.
Controlling the content of the compound represented by structural formula 1 in the nonaqueous electrolytic solution has an advantageous effect on further optimization of high-pressure performance, high-temperature performance and low-temperature performance. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the content of the compound represented by structural formula 1 is 0.01% to 5% relative to the total mass of the nonaqueous electrolyte solution of the lithium ion battery. When the content is less than 0.01%, the passivation film is unfavorable to be formed on the surface of the negative electrode sufficiently, so that the high-temperature and low-temperature performances of the nonaqueous electrolyte battery are unfavorable to be improved sufficiently, and when the content exceeds 5.0%, the thicker passivation film is formed on the surface of the negative electrode, and the internal resistance of the battery is increased, so that the battery performance is reduced. The research shows that the content of the compound shown in the structural formula 1 is less than 0.01% or more than 5% relative to the total mass of the nonaqueous electrolyte of the lithium ion battery, and compared with the content in the range of 0.01% -5%, the high-temperature performance and the low-temperature performance of the lithium ion battery are reduced to different degrees, which proves that the control of the content of the compound shown in the structural formula 1 in the nonaqueous electrolyte is of positive significance.
Preferably, the compound represented by the structural formula 1 is selected from, but not limited to, the following compounds 1 to 10:
preferably, the lithium ion battery nonaqueous electrolyte further comprises one or more of ethylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate and fluoroethylene carbonate.
Preferably, the lithium ion battery nonaqueous electrolyte further optionally comprises one or more of 1, 3-propane sultone, 1, 4-butane sultone and 1, 3-propylene sultone.
The additives can form a more stable SEI film on the surface of a graphite negative electrode, so that the cycle performance of the lithium ion battery is remarkably improved. These additives may be added in the amounts usual in the art, for example, 0.01% to 5%, preferably 0.1% to 3%, more preferably 0.5% to 2% relative to the total mass of the electrolyte.
It has been found that the compound of formula 1 of the present invention can achieve more excellent effects than when used alone in combination with the above additives, presumably by synergistic action, i.e., the compound of formula 1 and the above additives together improve the cycle performance, high-temperature storage and/or low-temperature performance of the battery in a high-voltage state by synergistic action.
Preferably, the lithium ion battery nonaqueous electrolyte further comprises a lithium salt and a nonaqueous organic solvent.
The lithium salt is selected from LiPF 6 、LiBF 4 、LiBOB、LiDFOB、LiF 2 PO 2 、LiSbF 6 、LiAsF 6 、LiN(SO 2 CF 3 ) 2 、LiN(SO 2 C 2 F 5 ) 2 、LiC(SO 2 CF 3 ) 3 Or LiN (SO) 2 F) 2 One or two or more of them. The lithium salt is preferably LiPF 6 Or LiPF 6 Mixtures with other lithium salts.
The non-aqueous organic solvent is a mixture of cyclic carbonate and chain carbonate, wherein the cyclic carbonate is selected from one or more of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate or butylene carbonate, and the chain carbonate is selected from one or more of dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate or methyl propyl carbonate. The mixed solution of the cyclic carbonate organic solvent with high dielectric constant and the chain carbonate organic solvent with low viscosity is used as the solvent of the lithium ion battery electrolyte, so that the mixed solution of the organic solvent has high ionic conductivity, high dielectric constant and low viscosity.
Meanwhile, the invention also provides a lithium ion battery, which comprises a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a diaphragm arranged between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and the non-aqueous electrolyte of the lithium ion battery.
Preferably, the active material of the positive electrode is selected from LiCoO 2 、LiNiO 2 、LiMn 2 O 4 、LiCo 1-y M y O 2 、LiNi 1- y M y O 2 、LiMn 2-y M y O 4 And LiNi x Co y Mn z M 1-x-y-z O 2 Wherein M is one or more selected from Fe, co, ni, mn, mg, cu, zn, al, sn, B, ga, cr, sr, V or Ti, and y is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1, x is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1, z is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1, and x+y+z is more than or equal to 1.
As another embodiment of the present invention, the active material of the positive electrode is selected from LiFe 1-x M x PO4, wherein M is selected from Mn, mg, co, ni, cu, zn, al, snOne or more of B, ga, cr, sr, V and Ti, and x is more than or equal to 0 and less than 1.
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples.
Example 1
This example is for explaining the lithium ion battery nonaqueous electrolyte and the lithium ion battery disclosed in the present invention.
1) Preparation of electrolyte
Mixing Ethylene Carbonate (EC), diethyl carbonate (DEC) and methyl ethyl carbonate (EMC) according to the mass ratio of EC: DEC: EMC=1:1:1, and then adding lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF) 6 ) To a molar concentration of 1mol/L, 1% of compound 1 (note: compound 1 is compound 1 in table 1, and the following examples are similar).
2) Preparation of positive plate
Mixing anode active material lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide LiNi according to the mass ratio of 93:4:3 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O 2 Conductive carbon black Super-P and a binder polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) are then dispersed in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) to obtain a positive electrode slurry. The slurry is evenly coated on two sides of an aluminum foil, and the positive plate is obtained after drying, calendaring and vacuum drying, and an aluminum outgoing line is welded by an ultrasonic welder, and the thickness of the positive plate is 120-150 mu m.
3) Preparation of negative plate
The negative electrode active material artificial graphite, conductive carbon black Super-P, binder Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) were mixed in a mass ratio of 94:1:2.5:2.5, and then dispersed in deionized water to obtain a negative electrode slurry. Coating the slurry on two sides of a copper foil, drying, calendaring and vacuum drying, and welding a nickel lead-out wire by an ultrasonic welder to obtain a negative plate, wherein the thickness of the negative plate is 120-150 mu m.
4) Preparation of the cell
And placing a three-layer isolating film with the thickness of 20 mu m between the positive plate and the negative plate, winding a sandwich structure formed by the positive plate, the negative plate and the diaphragm, flattening the winding body, putting into an aluminum foil packaging bag, and baking for 48 hours at the temperature of 75 ℃ in vacuum to obtain the battery cell to be injected with the liquid.
5) Injection and formation of battery cell
In a glove box with the dew point controlled below-40 ℃, the prepared electrolyte is injected into a battery cell, and the battery cell is subjected to vacuum packaging and is kept for 24 hours.
Then the first charge is conventionally formed by the following steps: and (3) charging at 0.05C constant current for 180min, charging at 0.2C constant current to 3.95V, sealing in vacuum for the second time, charging at 0.2C constant current to 4.2V, and discharging at 0.2C constant current to 3.0V after standing at normal temperature for 24 hr.
6) High temperature cycle performance test
The battery is placed in an oven with constant temperature of 45 ℃, is charged to 4.5V at a constant current of 1C and then is charged at a constant voltage until the current is reduced to 0.02C, and is discharged to 3.0V at a constant current of 1C, and the battery is circulated in such a way that the discharge capacity of the 1 st circle and the discharge capacity of the last circle are recorded, and the capacity retention rate of the high-temperature circulation is calculated according to the following formula:
capacity retention = last cycle discharge capacity/1 st cycle discharge capacity × 100%
7) High temperature storage Performance test
And (3) charging the formed battery to 4.2V at normal temperature with a constant current and constant voltage of 1C, measuring the initial discharge capacity and the initial battery thickness of the battery, then storing for 30 days at 60 ℃, discharging to 3V with 1C, and measuring the holding capacity and the recovery capacity of the battery and the thickness of the battery after storage. The calculation formula is as follows:
battery capacity retention (%) =retention capacity/initial capacity×100%;
battery capacity recovery rate (%) =recovery capacity/initial capacity×100%;
thickness expansion ratio (%) = (cell thickness after storage-initial cell thickness)/initial cell thickness×100%.
8) Low temperature performance test
The formed battery was charged to 4.2V with a constant current and constant voltage of 1C at 25 ℃, and then discharged to 3.0V with a constant current of 1C, and the discharge capacity was recorded. Then, 1C constant current and constant voltage are charged to 4.2V, and after being placed in an environment of minus 20 ℃ for 12 hours, 0.2C constant current is discharged to 3.0V, and the discharge capacity is recorded.
-low temperature discharge efficiency value at 20 ℃ = 0.2C discharge capacity (-20 ℃)/1C discharge capacity (25 ℃) ×100%.
Example 2
As shown in table 1, the data of the high temperature performance and the low temperature performance obtained by the test are shown in table 2, except that 1% of compound 1 was changed to 1% of compound 4 in the preparation of the electrolyte.
Example 3
As shown in table 1, the data of the high temperature performance and the low temperature performance obtained by the test are shown in table 2, except that 1% of compound 1 was changed to 1% of compound 6 in the preparation of the electrolyte.
Example 4
As shown in table 1, the data of the high temperature performance and the low temperature performance obtained by the test are shown in table 2, except that 1% of compound 1 was changed to 1% of compound 9 in the preparation of the electrolyte.
Example 5
As shown in table 1, the data of the high temperature performance and the low temperature performance obtained by the test are shown in table 2, except that 1% of compound 1 was changed to 1% of compound 10 in the preparation of the electrolyte.
Comparative example 1
As shown in table 1, the data of the high temperature performance and the low temperature performance obtained by the test are shown in table 2, except that 1% of compound 1 was not added in the preparation of the electrolyte.
Comparative example 2
As shown in table 2, the data of the high temperature performance and the low temperature performance obtained by the test are shown in table 3, except that 1% of compound 1 was replaced with 1% of FEC in the preparation of the electrolyte.
Comparative example 3
As shown in table 2, the data of the high temperature performance and the low temperature performance obtained by the test are shown in table 3, except that 1% of the compound 1 was changed to 1% of PS in the preparation of the electrolyte.
Comparative example 4
As shown in table 2, the data of the high temperature performance and the low temperature performance obtained by the test are shown in table 3, except that 1% of compound 1 was changed to 1% of trimethylsulfolane in the preparation of the electrolyte.
TABLE 1
Examples/comparative examples | Compound shown in structural formula 1 and content thereof | Additive and content |
Example 1 | Compound 1:1% | |
Example 2 | Compound 4:1% | |
Example 3 | Compound 6:1% | |
Example 4 | Compound 9:1% | |
Example 5 | Compound 10:1% | |
Comparative example 1 | - | - |
Comparative example 2 | - | FEC:1% |
Comparative example 3 | - | PS:1% |
Comparative example 4 | - | Trimethyl sulfolane 1% |
TABLE 2
From the results in table 2, it is shown that the addition of 1% of compound 1, compound 4, compound 6 or compound 10 to the nonaqueous electrolytic solution can significantly improve the high-temperature performance and low-temperature performance of the lithium ion battery as compared with the addition of no additive or conventional additive. The lithium ion battery containing the electrolyte for the lithium ion battery has excellent low-temperature discharge efficiency of more than 75 percent and excellent circulation and high-temperature storage efficiency in a high-voltage state of more than 80 percent; further, it was confirmed that the thickness increase rate of the battery was significantly low (2 to 7%) when the battery was held at high temperature for a long period of time.
Example 6
As shown in table 3, the data of the high temperature performance and the low temperature performance obtained by the test are shown in table 4, except that 1% of compound 1 was changed to 0.1% of compound 1 in the preparation of the electrolyte.
Example 7
As shown in table 3, the data of the high temperature performance and the low temperature performance obtained by the test are shown in table 4, except that 1% of compound 1 was changed to 2% of compound 1 in the preparation of the electrolyte.
Example 8
As shown in table 3, the data of the high temperature performance and the low temperature performance obtained by the test are shown in table 4, except that 1% of compound 1 was changed to 3% of compound 1 in the preparation of the electrolyte.
Example 9
As shown in table 3, the data of the high temperature performance and the low temperature performance obtained by the test are shown in table 4, except that 1% of compound 1 was changed to 5% of compound 1 in the preparation of the electrolyte.
TABLE 3 Table 3
Examples/comparative examples | Compound shown in structural formula 1 and content thereof |
Example 6 | Compound 1:0.1% |
Example 7 | Compound 1:2% |
Example 8 | Compound 1:3% |
Example 9 | Compound 1:5% |
TABLE 4 Table 4
Example 10
As shown in table 5, the data of the high temperature performance and the low temperature performance obtained by the test are shown in table 6, which are the same as those of example 3 except that 1% of FEC was additionally added in the preparation of the electrolyte.
Example 11
As shown in table 5, the data of the high temperature performance and the low temperature performance obtained by the test are shown in table 6, which are the same as those of example 3 except that 1% PS was additionally added in the preparation of the electrolyte.
Example 12
As shown in Table 5, the data of the high-temperature properties and the low-temperature properties obtained by the test in the same manner as in example 3 except that 1% of trimethylsulfolane was additionally added in the preparation of the electrolyte are shown in Table 6.
TABLE 5
TABLE 6
The results show that the high temperature performance and the low temperature performance can be further improved by further adding an additive (FEC, PS or trimethylsulfolane) based on the compound represented by structural formula 1 of the present invention. Alternatively, the compound of the present invention represented by the structural formula 1 can be further added to the existing additive (FEC, PS or trimethylsulfolane) to further improve high temperature performance and low temperature performance.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A non-aqueous electrolyte of a lithium ion battery is characterized by comprising lithium salt, a non-aqueous organic solvent and a compound shown in a structural formula 1,
wherein the X group is selected from a heteroatom-containing group or an unsaturated bond-containing carbon-containing group, and the R group is selected from hydrogen, a halogen atom or a group containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms; m is an integer from 1 to 4, and the heteroatom is selected from one or more of S, N; the S-containing group is selected from one of sulfonate, sulfate and sulfite; the N-containing group is selected from one of cyano and amino; the carbon-containing group containing unsaturated bond is selected from one of carbonyl, alkenyl and alkynyl;
the content of the compound shown in the structural formula 1 is 0.01% -5% relative to the total mass of the lithium ion battery non-aqueous electrolyte.
2. The non-aqueous electrolyte for lithium ion batteries according to claim 1, wherein the group containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms is selected from cyano, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, haloalkenyl, haloalkynyl.
3. The nonaqueous electrolyte for lithium ion batteries according to claim 2, wherein R is selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a cyano group, an ethenyl group, a propenyl group, a propynyl group, a fluoroethenyl group, a fluoroethynyl group, a fluoropropynyl group.
4. The lithium ion battery nonaqueous electrolyte according to claim 1, wherein the compound represented by structural formula 1 is selected from the following compounds 1 to 2,4,6 to 10:
5. the lithium ion battery nonaqueous electrolyte according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising one or more of ethylene carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate.
6. The lithium ion battery nonaqueous electrolyte according to claim 5, wherein,
the lithium ion battery nonaqueous electrolyte also comprises one or more than two of 1, 3-propane sultone, 1, 4-butane sultone and 1, 3-propylene sultone.
7. The lithium ion battery nonaqueous electrolyte according to claim 1, wherein,
the lithium salt is selected from LiPF 6 、LiBF 4 、LiBOB、LiDFOB、LiF 2 PO 2 、LiSbF 6 、LiAsF 6 、LiN(SO 2 CF 3 ) 2 、LiN(SO 2 C 2 F 5 ) 2 、LiC(SO 2 CF 3 ) 3 Or LiN (SO) 2 F) 2 One or two or more of them;
the non-aqueous organic solvent is a mixture of cyclic carbonate and chain carbonate, wherein the cyclic carbonate is selected from one or more of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate or butylene carbonate, and the chain carbonate is selected from one or more of dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate or methyl propyl carbonate.
8. A lithium ion battery comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, characterized by further comprising the lithium ion battery nonaqueous electrolyte of any one of claims 1 to 7.
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CN102263292A (en) * | 2011-06-24 | 2011-11-30 | 九江天赐高新材料有限公司 | Non-aqueous electrolytic solution used for lithium secondary batteries |
CN102746330A (en) * | 2012-07-12 | 2012-10-24 | 中国科学院广州能源研究所 | Organic silicon functionalized carbonate electrolyte material, preparation method thereof and application in lithium battery electrolyte |
WO2017138453A1 (en) * | 2016-02-08 | 2017-08-17 | セントラル硝子株式会社 | Electrolytic solution for nonaqueous electrolytic solution battery, and nonaqueous electrolytic solution battery using same |
CN108713272A (en) * | 2017-01-12 | 2018-10-26 | 株式会社Lg化学 | Non-aqueous electrolytic solution and the lithium secondary battery for including the non-aqueous electrolytic solution |
WO2019016903A1 (en) * | 2017-07-19 | 2019-01-24 | 宇部興産株式会社 | Nonaqueous electrolytic solution and electricity storage device using same |
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CN102263292A (en) * | 2011-06-24 | 2011-11-30 | 九江天赐高新材料有限公司 | Non-aqueous electrolytic solution used for lithium secondary batteries |
CN102746330A (en) * | 2012-07-12 | 2012-10-24 | 中国科学院广州能源研究所 | Organic silicon functionalized carbonate electrolyte material, preparation method thereof and application in lithium battery electrolyte |
WO2017138453A1 (en) * | 2016-02-08 | 2017-08-17 | セントラル硝子株式会社 | Electrolytic solution for nonaqueous electrolytic solution battery, and nonaqueous electrolytic solution battery using same |
CN108713272A (en) * | 2017-01-12 | 2018-10-26 | 株式会社Lg化学 | Non-aqueous electrolytic solution and the lithium secondary battery for including the non-aqueous electrolytic solution |
WO2019016903A1 (en) * | 2017-07-19 | 2019-01-24 | 宇部興産株式会社 | Nonaqueous electrolytic solution and electricity storage device using same |
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