CN110890590A - Multifunctional high-voltage lithium ion battery electrolyte and high-voltage lithium ion battery - Google Patents

Multifunctional high-voltage lithium ion battery electrolyte and high-voltage lithium ion battery Download PDF

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CN110890590A
CN110890590A CN201911090234.9A CN201911090234A CN110890590A CN 110890590 A CN110890590 A CN 110890590A CN 201911090234 A CN201911090234 A CN 201911090234A CN 110890590 A CN110890590 A CN 110890590A
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lithium ion
ion battery
electrolyte
voltage lithium
high voltage
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刘文博
朱坤庆
计阳
夏小勇
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Dongguan Weike Battery Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/056Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
    • H01M10/0564Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
    • H01M10/0566Liquid materials
    • H01M10/0567Liquid materials characterised by the additives
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/4235Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of lithium ion batteries, and particularly relates to a multifunctional high-voltage lithium ion battery electrolyte which comprises lithium salt, a non-aqueous organic solvent and an additive, wherein the additive comprises a difluorophosphoric acid boron-containing compound, and three substituents of the difluorophosphoric acid boron-containing compound are difluorophosphoric acid-PO (phosphorus oxide)2F2or-F, and at least one of which is difluorophosphate. Compared with the prior art, the electrolyte disclosed by the invention not only can improve the high-temperature performance of the lithium ion battery under high voltage, but also can greatly improve the cycle performance and the low-temperature performance of the battery. Meanwhile, the special additives mentioned have certain effects on removing water and acid. In addition, the invention also provides a high-voltage lithium ion battery using the electrolyte.

Description

Multifunctional high-voltage lithium ion battery electrolyte and high-voltage lithium ion battery
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of lithium ion batteries, and particularly relates to a multifunctional high-voltage lithium ion battery electrolyte and a high-voltage lithium ion battery.
Background
The lithium ion secondary battery has the advantages of high working voltage, large specific energy density, long cycle life, low self-discharge rate, no memory effect, small environmental pollution and the like, is widely applied to various electronic consumer product markets, and is also an ideal power source for future electric vehicles and various electric tools. In the technical field, the energy density of the lithium ion battery can be effectively improved by improving the working voltage or the platform voltage of the lithium ion secondary battery.
At present, the charge cut-off voltage of a cobalt acid lithium battery is increased from 4.4V to 4.5V, the effective performance capacity of the cobalt acid lithium battery can be increased from 175mAh/g to about 220mAh/g, but at the same time, the performance of the battery is obviously reduced, particularly the high-temperature circulation and high-temperature storage performance of the battery, the problems are caused mainly due to the fact that ① electrolyte is oxidized and decomposed on the surface of a positive electrode material, the oxidation activity of the positive electrode active material is higher under high voltage, the reaction between the positive electrode active material and the electrolyte is further intensified under high temperature conditions, the oxidative decomposition products of the electrolyte are continuously deposited on the surface of the positive electrode, and the internal resistance and the thickness of the battery are continuously increased6HF generated by decomposition is extremely easy to corrode the positive active material, so that metal ions are dissolved out; on the other hand, under high voltage, the transition metal oxide of the positive active material is easily reduced and dissolved out, and the transition metal ions are reduced into a metal simple substance on the surface of the negative electrode after passing through the SEI film, so that the impedance of the negative electrode is continuously increased, and the battery performance is deteriorated.
Disclosure of Invention
One of the objects of the present invention is: aiming at the defects of the prior art, the multifunctional high-voltage lithium ion battery electrolyte is provided, the high-temperature performance of the lithium ion battery under high voltage is improved, and the cycle performance and the low-temperature performance of the battery are also greatly improved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
multifunctional high-voltage lithium ion battery electrolysisA liquid comprising a lithium salt, a non-aqueous organic solvent and an additive comprising a structure such asFormula IThe boron-containing compound of difluorophosphoric acid,
Figure BDA0002266635900000021
wherein R is1~R3Are each difluorophosphate-PO2F2or-F, and R1~R3At least one of them is difluorophosphate-PO2F2
As an improvement of the multifunctional high-voltage lithium ion battery electrolyte, the difluoroboracic phosphate compound is at least one of the following compounds,
Figure BDA0002266635900000022
Figure BDA0002266635900000031
the synthesis method of the difluoro boracic phosphate compound is as follows:
Figure BDA0002266635900000032
as an improvement of the multifunctional high-voltage lithium ion battery electrolyte, the mass of the difluoroboracic phosphate compound accounts for 0.1-15% of the total mass of the electrolyte. Preferably, the mass of the difluoroboracic phosphate compound accounts for 0.1-3% of the total mass of the electrolyte. When the content of the difluoroboracic phosphate compound is too low, a dense and uniform protective film is difficult to be formed on the surface of the positive electrode, so that the oxidative decomposition reaction of the metal ion catalytic electrolyte cannot be effectively inhibited; when the content of the boron-containing difluorophosphate compound is too high, lithium difluorophosphate generated by the reaction cannot be well dissolved in the electrolyte.
As an improvement of the multifunctional high-voltage lithium ion battery electrolyte, the non-aqueous organic solvent comprises at least one of ethylene carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, propylene carbonate, ethyl propionate and propyl propionate.
As an improvement of the multifunctional high-voltage lithium ion battery electrolyte, the additive further comprises at least one of vinylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate and fluoroethylene carbonate.
As an improvement of the multifunctional high-voltage lithium ion battery electrolyte, the additive further comprises at least one of 1, 3-propane sultone, 1, 4-butane sultone, 1, 3-propene sultone, succinonitrile, adiponitrile, ethylene glycol dipropionitrile ether and 1,3, 6-hexane tricarbonitrile.
As an improvement of the multifunctional high-voltage lithium ion battery electrolyte, the lithium salt is LiPF6、LiBF4、LiClO4、LiFSI、LiTFSI、LiBOB、LiDFOB、LiFAP、LiSbF6、LiCF3SO3、LiN(SO2CF3)2、LiN(SO2C2F5)2、LiN(SO2CF3)2、LiN(SO2C4F9)2、LiC(SO2CF3)3、LiPF3(C3F7)3、LiB(CF3)4And LiBF3(C2F5) At least one of (1).
Another object of the invention is: the high-voltage lithium ion battery comprises a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a diaphragm and electrolyte, wherein the electrolyte is the electrolyte of the multifunctional high-voltage lithium ion battery.
As an improvement of the high voltage lithium ion battery of the present invention, the active material of the positive electrode is a lithium transition metal composite oxide, including but not limited to lithium cobalt oxide, lithium nickel oxide, lithium manganese oxide, lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide, a compound obtained by adding other transition metals or non-transition metals to the above oxides, or a combination thereof; the active material of the negative electrode is at least one of soft carbon, hard carbon, artificial graphite, natural graphite, silicon-oxygen compound, silicon-carbon compound, lithium titanate, metal or alloy capable of forming an alloy with lithium and metal oxide capable of inserting/extracting lithium.
As an improvement of the high-voltage lithium ion battery, the charge cut-off voltage of the high-voltage lithium ion battery is 4.4-4.8V.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the difluoro boracic phosphate compound added into the electrolyte can react with LiF on the surface of an SEI film to generate LiPO2F2And LiBF4First, the reaction consumes LiF to a large extent reducing the cell impedance; II, reaction of LiPO2F2Two oxygen atoms in the structure can generate complexation with transition metal elements in the positive electrode material, so that the stability of the positive electrode active material is improved, and the oxidation activity to the electrolyte is reduced, thereby effectively improving the high-temperature cycle performance of the battery and inhibiting the volume expansion of the battery at high temperature; thirdly, LiBF produced by the reaction4Can enhance the film forming capability of the electrolyte to the electrode and improve the high-temperature and low-temperature performance of the battery. The reaction mechanism is as follows:
Figure BDA0002266635900000051
2) the difluoro boracic phosphate compound added into the electrolyte has fluorine-containing groups, and the fluorine-containing groups enable the protective film to show higher thermal and electrochemical stability due to high oxidation stability.
3) The difluoro boracic phosphate compound added in the electrolyte can react with H in the electrolyte2O, HF, and removing water and acid. The action mechanism is as follows:
Figure BDA0002266635900000061
4) in conclusion, the electrolyte of the invention introduces the boron-containing difluorophosphate compound as the additive, which not only improves the high-temperature performance of the high-voltage (4.4V-4.8V) lithium ion battery, but also greatly improves the cycle performance and the low-temperature performance of the battery. Meanwhile, the boron-containing difluorophosphate compound has certain effect on removing water and acid.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
In the following comparative examples and examples, the boron difluorophosphate compounds used have the following structural formula:
Figure BDA0002266635900000062
comparative example 1
1) Preparation of positive plate
A positive electrode active material LCO, conductive carbon black Super-P and a binder polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) were mixed in a mass ratio of 93:4:3, and then dispersed in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) to obtain a positive electrode slurry. And uniformly coating the slurry on two sides of the aluminum foil, drying, rolling and vacuum drying, and welding an aluminum outgoing line by using an ultrasonic welding machine to obtain the positive plate, wherein the thickness of the pole piece is 120-150 mu m.
2) Preparation of negative plate
Mixing artificial graphite serving as a negative electrode active material, conductive carbon black Super-P, Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR) serving as a binder and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) according to a mass ratio of 94:1:2.5:2.5, and dispersing the materials in ionized water to obtain negative electrode slurry. Coating the slurry on two sides of the copper foil, drying, rolling and vacuum drying, and welding a nickel outgoing line by using an ultrasonic welding machine to obtain the negative plate, wherein the thickness of the pole piece is 120-150 mu m.
3) Preparation of the electrolyte
Ethylene Carbonate (EC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), Propylene Carbonate (PC) and Propyl Propionate (PP) were mixed at a mass ratio of EC: DEC: PC: PP of 1:3:1:5, and 3.0 wt% PS, 7.0 wt% FEC, 2% ADN, 2% PP, and 3 wt% respectively,2% of EGBE and 2% of HTCN, and then adding 14.0 wt% of lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF)6) Fully mixing and dissolving for later use.
4) Preparation of the Battery
Placing an isolating membrane with the thickness of 16 mu m between the positive plate and the negative plate, then winding a sandwich structure consisting of the positive plate, the negative plate and the diaphragm, flattening the wound body, then placing the flattened wound body into an aluminum-plastic film packaging bag, and baking the flattened wound body in vacuum at 80 ℃ for 48 hours to obtain a battery cell to be injected with liquid; respectively injecting the prepared electrolyte into a battery cell in a glove box with the dew point controlled below-40 ℃, carrying out vacuum packaging, standing for 24h, and then carrying out conventional formation and capacity grading according to the following steps: charging at 0.05C for 180min, charging at 0.2C to 3.95V, and vacuum sealing twice; then further charging to 4.5V at a constant current of 0.2C, standing for 24h at normal temperature, and discharging to 3.0V at a constant current of 0.2C; and finally, charging the mixture to 4.5V at a constant current of 1C for standing.
Comparative example 2
In contrast to comparative example 1: in this comparative example, LiPO was further added to the electrolyte in an amount of 1 wt% based on the weight of the electrolyte2F2
The rest is the same as comparative example 1 and will not be described again.
Comparative example 3
In contrast to comparative example 1: in this comparative example, the electrolyte was further added with LiFSI in a mass fraction of 1 wt%.
The rest is the same as comparative example 1 and will not be described again.
Comparative example 4
In contrast to comparative example 1: in this comparative example, LiODFB was further added to the electrolyte in an amount of 1 wt% based on the mass fraction.
The rest is the same as comparative example 1 and will not be described again.
Example 1
In contrast to comparative example 1: in this example, the electrolyte was further added with a mass fraction of 1 wt% of compound a.
The rest is the same as comparative example 1 and will not be described again.
Example 2
In contrast to comparative example 1: in this example, the electrolyte was further added with a mass fraction of 1 wt% of compound b.
The rest is the same as comparative example 1 and will not be described again.
Example 3
In contrast to comparative example 1: in this example, the electrolyte was further added with a mass fraction of 1 wt% of compound c.
The rest is the same as comparative example 1 and will not be described again.
Example 4
In contrast to comparative example 1: in this example, the electrolyte was further added with a mass fraction of 0.5 wt% of compound a.
The rest is the same as comparative example 1 and will not be described again.
Example 5
In contrast to comparative example 1: in this example, the electrolyte was further added with a mass fraction of 1.5 wt% of compound a.
The rest is the same as comparative example 1 and will not be described again.
Example 6
In contrast to comparative example 1: in this example, the electrolyte was further added with a mass fraction of 2.0 wt% of compound a.
The rest is the same as comparative example 1 and will not be described again.
Example 7
In contrast to comparative example 1: in this example, the electrolyte was further added with 0.5 wt% of compound b.
The rest is the same as comparative example 1 and will not be described again.
Example 8
In contrast to comparative example 1: in this example, the electrolyte was further added with a mass fraction of 1.5 wt% of compound b.
The rest is the same as comparative example 1 and will not be described again.
Example 9
In contrast to comparative example 1: in this example, the electrolyte was further added with a mass fraction of 2.0 wt% of compound b.
The rest is the same as comparative example 1 and will not be described again.
Example 10
In contrast to comparative example 1: in this example, the electrolyte was further added with a mass fraction of 0.5 wt% of compound c.
The rest is the same as comparative example 1 and will not be described again.
Example 11
In contrast to comparative example 1: in this example, the electrolyte was further added with a mass fraction of 1.5 wt% of compound c.
The rest is the same as comparative example 1 and will not be described again.
Example 12
In contrast to comparative example 1: in this example, the electrolyte was further added with a mass fraction of 2.0 wt% of compound c.
The rest is the same as comparative example 1 and will not be described again.
Example 13
In contrast to comparative example 1: in this example, the electrolyte was further added with the compound a in a mass fraction of 1.0 wt% and LiPO in a mass fraction of 1.0 wt%2F2
The rest is the same as comparative example 1 and will not be described again.
Example 14
In contrast to comparative example 1: in this example, the electrolyte was further added with 1.0 wt% of compound a and 1.0 wt% of LiFSI.
The rest is the same as comparative example 1 and will not be described again.
Example 15
In contrast to comparative example 1: in this example, the electrolyte was further added with the compound a in a mass fraction of 1.0 wt% and the LiODFB in a mass fraction of 1.0 wt%.
The rest is the same as comparative example 1 and will not be described again.
Example 16
In contrast to comparative example 1: in this example, the electrolyte was further added with a mass fraction of 1.0 wt% of the compound b and a mass fraction of 1.0 wt% of LiPO2F2
The rest is the same as comparative example 1 and will not be described again.
Example 17
In contrast to comparative example 1: in this example, the electrolyte was further added with 1.0 wt% of compound b and 1.0 wt% of LiFSI.
The rest is the same as comparative example 1 and will not be described again.
Example 18
In contrast to comparative example 1: in this example, the electrolyte was further added with compound b in a mass fraction of 1.0 wt% and LiODFB in a mass fraction of 1.0 wt%.
The rest is the same as comparative example 1 and will not be described again.
Example 19
In contrast to comparative example 1: in this example, the electrolyte was further added with a mass fraction of 1.0 wt% of compound c and a mass fraction of 1.0 wt% of LiPO2F2
The rest is the same as comparative example 1 and will not be described again.
Example 20
In contrast to comparative example 1: in this example, the electrolyte was further added with 1.0 wt% of compound c and 1.0 wt% of LiFSI.
The rest is the same as comparative example 1 and will not be described again.
Example 21
In contrast to comparative example 1: in this example, the electrolyte was further added with compound c in a mass fraction of 1.0 wt% and LiODFB in a mass fraction of 1.0 wt%.
The rest is the same as comparative example 1 and will not be described again.
Performance testing
The batteries prepared in comparative examples 1 to 4 and examples 1 to 21 were subjected to a performance test.
1) EIS Performance test
EIS tests are carried out on the cell obtained after grading the capacity of comparative examples 1-4, examples 1-3 and examples 15, 18 and 21, and the test conditions are as follows: the frequency range is 100 kHz-0.01 Hz, and the amplitude is 10 mV; the tested data were subjected to circuit fitting to obtain SEI impedance, the results of which are shown in table 1.
2) High temperature cycle performance test
The batteries prepared in comparative examples 1 to 4 and examples 1 to 21 were placed in an oven at a constant temperature of 45 ℃, and were charged to 4.5V at a constant current of 1C and then the constant voltage charging current was decreased to 0.02C, and then discharged to 3.0V at a constant current of 1C, and the cycle was repeated for 300 weeks, and the discharge capacity per week was recorded, and the capacity retention rate at high temperature cycle was calculated according to the following formula: the n-week capacity retention rate is 100% of the n-week discharge capacity/1-week discharge capacity.
3) Test of ordinary temperature cycle Performance
Taking the batteries prepared in comparative examples 1 to 4 and examples 1 to 21, charging the batteries to 4.5V at room temperature by a current of 1C at a constant current, then charging the batteries at a constant voltage until the current is reduced to 0.1C, then discharging the batteries to 3.0V at a current of 1C at a constant current, circulating the cycle for 300 weeks, recording the discharge capacity of each week, and calculating the capacity retention rate of the battery in normal-temperature cycle according to the following formula: capacity retention rate at m weeks was 100% of discharge capacity at m weeks/discharge capacity at 1 week.
4) Low temperature discharge performance test
Charging the batteries formed in comparative examples 1-4 and examples 1-21 to 4.5V at a constant current and a constant voltage of 1C at 25 ℃, then discharging to 3.0V at a constant current of 1C, and recording the discharge capacity; and then charging to 4.5V at constant current and constant voltage of 1C, standing for 4h in an environment at the temperature of minus 20 ℃, discharging to 3.0V at constant current of 0.2C, and recording the discharge capacity. Wherein the low-temperature discharge efficiency value at-20 ℃ is 0.2C discharge capacity (-20 ℃)/1C discharge capacity (25 ℃) 100%.
The specific results of the above performance tests are shown in tables 1 and 2.
TABLE 1 EIS test results
Figure BDA0002266635900000131
Figure BDA0002266635900000141
TABLE 2 results of the cycling, low temperature test
Figure BDA0002266635900000142
Figure BDA0002266635900000151
As can be seen from the data in table 1:
1) by comparing the three lithium salt additives, it is found that the LiODFB film forming resistance is relatively low under high voltage, and the LiFSI film forming resistance is second, LiPO2F2The film formation resistance is relatively high.
2) By comparing the three difluorophosphoric acid boron-containing compounds, it was found that the more difluorophosphoric acid groups, the smaller the film formation resistance, because the more difluorophosphoric acid groups, the more LiF is consumed by the reaction, and thus the battery resistance can be reduced to a greater extent.
3) Further, the combination of the lithium salt additive and the boron-containing difluorophosphate compound can further reduce the film forming resistance, thereby further improving the battery performance.
As can be seen from the data in table 2:
1) when different boron difluorophosphate compounds with the same content are respectively added into the electrolyte, the electrolyte of the boron difluorophosphate compound c has the highest capacity retention rate and the highest low-temperature discharge retention rate at high temperature and normal temperature, the boron difluorophosphate compound b is the next time, and the boron difluorophosphate compound a is the next time, that is, the boron difluorophosphate compound is compared with LiPO2F2LiFSI, LiODFB and the like are more beneficial to improving the cycle performance, the high-temperature performance and the low-temperature performance of the battery. This is because LiPO is generated by consuming LiF with an increase in difluorophosphate groups in the difluoroborataborate compound2F2And LiBF4More, thereby showing more excellent cycle and low-temperature performance; in addition, the boron-containing difluorophosphate compound can form a layer of compact protective film on the surface of the electrode, so that the performance of the battery is improved.
2) When the boron-containing difluorophosphate compound a was added to the electrolyte in different amounts, respectively, the battery performance was the most excellent at a content of 1% (example 1), the performance was excellent at a content of 1.5% (example 5), the performance was general at a content of 0.5% (example 4), and the performance was poor at a content of 2% (example 6). Similarly, when the boron difluorophosphate compound b was added to the electrolyte in different amounts, respectively, the battery performance was the most excellent at a content of 1% (example 2), the performance was excellent at a content of 1.5% (example 8), the performance was general at a content of 0.5% (example 7), and the performance was poor at a content of 2% (example 9). When the boron difluorophosphate compound c was added to the electrolyte in different amounts, respectively, the battery obtained was excellent at a content of 1% (example 3), excellent at a content of 1.5% (example 11), general at a content of 0.5% (example 10), and poor at a content of 2% (example 12). This is because, when the content of the difluoroboracic phosphate compound additive is too low, it is difficult to form a sufficiently dense and uniform protective film on the surface of the positive electrode, and thus the oxidative decomposition reaction of the metal ion-catalyzed electrolyte cannot be effectively inhibited; when the content of the boron-containing difluorophosphate compound additive is too high, lithium difluorophosphate generated by the reaction cannot be well dissolved in the electrolyte, so that the impedance is increased, and the performance of the battery is influenced.
3) When the electrolyte is added with the difluoro-phosphorated boron-containing compound, LiPO is also added2F2And LiFSI or LiODFB, the electrolyte has better performance. This is because LiPO2F2LiFSI and LiODFB are cathode film forming additives, and can form a compact antioxidant protective film on the surface of a cathode, so that the performance of the battery is further improved.
Variations and modifications to the above-described embodiments may also occur to those skilled in the art, which fall within the scope of the invention as disclosed and taught herein. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and any obvious improvement, replacement or modification made by those skilled in the art based on the present invention is within the protection scope of the present invention. Furthermore, although specific terms are employed herein, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a multi-functional high voltage lithium ion battery electrolyte which characterized in that: comprises lithium salt, non-aqueous organic solvent and additive, wherein the additive comprises a structure shown in the formulaI is shown inA boron-containing compound is substituted with difluorophosphoric acid,
Figure FDA0002266635890000011
wherein R is1~R3Are each difluorophosphate-PO2F2or-F, and R1~R3At least one of them is difluorophosphate-PO2F2
2. The multifunctional high voltage lithium ion battery electrolyte of claim 1, wherein: the difluoro phosphoro-containing compound is at least one of the following compounds,
Figure FDA0002266635890000012
3. the multifunctional high voltage lithium ion battery electrolyte of claim 1, wherein: the mass of the difluoro boracic phosphate compound accounts for 0.1-15% of the total mass of the electrolyte.
4. The multifunctional high voltage lithium ion battery electrolyte of claim 1, wherein: the non-aqueous organic solvent includes at least one of ethylene carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, propylene carbonate, ethyl propionate, and propyl propionate.
5. The multifunctional high voltage lithium ion battery electrolyte of claim 1, wherein: the additive also includes at least one of vinylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate and fluoroethylene carbonate.
6. The multifunctional high voltage lithium ion battery electrolyte of claim 1, wherein: the additive also comprises at least one of 1, 3-propane sultone, 1, 4-butane sultone, 1, 3-propene sultone, succinonitrile, adiponitrile, ethylene glycol dipropionitrile ether and 1,3, 6-hexane trinitrile.
7. The multifunctional high voltage lithium ion battery electrolyte of claim 1, wherein: the lithium salt is LiPF6、LiBF4、LiClO4、LiFSI、LiTFSI、LiBOB、LiDFOB、LiFAP、LiSbF6、LiCF3SO3、LiN(SO2CF3)2、LiN(SO2C2F5)2、LiN(SO2CF3)2、LiN(SO2C4F9)2、LiC(SO2CF3)3、LiPF3(C3F7)3、LiB(CF3)4And LiBF3(C2F5) At least one of (1).
8. The utility model provides a high voltage lithium ion battery, includes positive pole, negative pole, diaphragm and electrolyte, its characterized in that: the electrolyte is the multifunctional high voltage lithium ion battery electrolyte of any one of claims 1-7.
9. The high voltage lithium ion battery of claim 8, wherein: the active material of the positive electrode is a lithium transition metal composite oxide; the active material of the negative electrode is at least one of soft carbon, hard carbon, artificial graphite, natural graphite, silicon-oxygen compound, silicon-carbon compound, lithium titanate, metal or alloy capable of forming an alloy with lithium and metal oxide capable of inserting/extracting lithium.
10. The high voltage lithium ion battery of claim 8, wherein: the charge cut-off voltage of the high-voltage lithium ion battery is 4.4-4.8V.
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Application publication date: 20200317