CN111721217A - Method and device for measuring inner diameter of pipe shell based on photoelectric sensing - Google Patents
Method and device for measuring inner diameter of pipe shell based on photoelectric sensing Download PDFInfo
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- CN111721217A CN111721217A CN202010465687.1A CN202010465687A CN111721217A CN 111721217 A CN111721217 A CN 111721217A CN 202010465687 A CN202010465687 A CN 202010465687A CN 111721217 A CN111721217 A CN 111721217A
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/08—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring diameters
- G01B11/12—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring diameters internal diameters
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Abstract
The invention provides a method and a device for measuring the inner diameter of a pipe shell based on photoelectric sensing, and relates to the technical field of measurement of the inner diameter of parts. According to the method, on the basis of a distance measurement principle of a laser displacement sensor, the distance from a transmitting end to the inner wall of a part is obtained at equal angles by the sensor through a three-degree-of-freedom motion mechanism, and the high-precision measurement of the inner diameter of any section of a shell part is realized by combining system calibration parameters. The invention also discloses a set of measuring system, which comprises key parts such as a laser displacement sensor, a three-degree-of-freedom motion mechanism, a data acquisition and processing system and the like, wherein the three-degree-of-freedom motion mechanism consists of a manual linear module, a grating ruler, a linear motor module and an electric rotating platform. The invention provides a quick and accurate technical method for measuring the inner diameter of the pipe shell in the field of machining and manufacturing in China, effectively solves the defects of poor precision, low efficiency, easy surface damage and the like of the traditional measuring mode, and brings huge economic and social benefits.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of measurement of the inner diameter of a part, in particular to a method and a system for measuring the inner diameter of a pipe casing in a non-contact manner by utilizing the photoelectric sensing distance measuring principle.
Background
Currently, in the field of machining and manufacturing, contact measurement methods, such as a digital micrometer of a malter, a three-coordinate measuring machine, and the like, are mostly adopted for measuring the inner diameters of pipe shell parts of various scales. The contact type measuring mode is easily influenced by artificial subjective factors, the measuring position cannot be guaranteed to be the maximum diameter position, measuring heads on two sides are inclined, and therefore measuring errors are introduced. Except that the manual work easily causes great measurement deviation, contact measurement mode inefficiency to probably cause the mar defect to the part inner wall, increased the unqualified risk of product, so the enterprise adopts the sampling mode to the detection of product usually, can't guarantee the quality of part product completely.
The principle of photoelectric sensing distance measurement is generally divided into two major categories, namely laser triangulation and laser echo analysis.
The laser triangulation method is generally suitable for high-precision and short-distance measurement, a laser transmitter emits visible red laser to the surface of a measured object through a lens, the laser scattered by the surface of the object passes through a receiver lens and is received by an internal CCD linear camera, and the CCD linear camera can receive the light spot at different angles according to different distances. Based on this angle and the known distance between the laser and the camera, the digital signal processor can calculate the distance between the sensor and the object to be measured.
Meanwhile, the position of the light beam on the receiving element is processed by an analog circuit and a digital circuit, and is analyzed by a microprocessor to calculate a corresponding output value, and a standard data signal is proportionally output in an analog quantity window set by a user. If the switching value output is used, the switching value output is conducted in a set window, and is cut off outside the window. In addition, the analog quantity and the switching value output can independently set a detection window.
The laser echo analysis method is mainly used for remote measurement, and the interior of the laser displacement sensor is composed of a processor unit, an echo processing unit, a laser transmitter, a laser receiver and the like. The laser displacement sensor transmits one million laser pulses per second to the detection object and returns to the receiver through the laser transmitter, and the processor calculates the time required for the laser pulses to encounter the detection object and return to the receiver, so that the distance value is calculated. The output value is an average output of thousands of measurements, i.e., a so-called pulse time method. The laser echo analysis method is suitable for long-distance detection, but the measurement accuracy is lower compared with the laser triangulation method.
The dimensions of the inner contour of the shell element play a crucial role for assembly, function, such as engine bore diameter, gun barrel bore diameter, etc. The measurement of the inner diameter of a large-sized pipe shell is a measurement problem in the engineering field, and no mature scheme capable of meeting the detection requirement exists at present. In order to realize high-precision non-contact measurement of the inner diameter of the tube shell, photoelectric distance measurement is considered to be applied to the measurement of the inner diameter of the tube shell. The photoelectric sensing distance measurement is widely applied to distance measurement, thickness measurement, accurate positioning and the like of parts. The method is applied to measuring the inner diameter of a smaller part at present, but no proper detection method is available for a complex tube shell with a large inner diameter and multiple sizes at present.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to improve the detection efficiency and precision of the inner diameter of the shell-and-tube parts in the machining and manufacturing industry, the invention provides a method and a system for measuring the inner diameter of the shell-and-tube parts by using an optical sensing distance measuring principle, so that the non-contact and high-precision measurement of the inner diameter of multiple sections of the shell-and-tube parts is realized.
The invention provides a tube shell inner diameter measuring device based on photoelectric sensing, which comprises:
the photoelectric sensing module comprises a laser displacement sensor, and the laser displacement sensor is arranged inside the pipe shell piece 112 to be measured and used for measuring the distance from a laser emitting end to the inner wall of the pipe shell piece 112 to be measured;
the three-degree-of-freedom motion mechanism is used for adjusting the positions of the photoelectric sensing module in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction and completing uniform circular motion;
and the data acquisition and processing system is used for calculating and processing the distance information detected by the photoelectric sensing module of the mobile phone, and processing the number output by the laser displacement sensor according to the distance from the calibrated sensor transmitting end to the rotation center so as to obtain the inner diameter data of the shell component 112 to be detected.
The invention also provides a tube shell inner diameter measuring method of the tube shell inner diameter measuring device based on photoelectric sensing, which comprises the following steps:
(1) the stator of the electric rotating table is fixedly arranged on the measuring table surface, so that the position of the stator can not move in the measuring process, and the rotor of the electric rotating table drives the measuring device to do uniform-speed circular motion.
(2) The manual linear guide rail and the scale grating are fixedly connected and installed on a rotor of the electric rotating table, and the phase position of the sliding table and the phase position of the grating reading head are always consistent. The moving distance of the sliding table can be obtained by reading the numerical value of the grating reading head, the effective control of the distance between the measuring device and the inner wall of the part to be measured is realized, and the distance is ensured to be within the range of the measuring range of the sensor.
(3) The electric linear module is installed on the manual regulation sliding table, the laser displacement sensor is installed on the electric linear sliding table through the installation plate, and the position of the sensor in the vertical direction is adjusted through the upper computer control motor, so that the sensor can collect distance data of any section of the part.
(4) The distance between the laser emitting end and the inner wall of the part to be measured is collected by the laser displacement sensor, and distance data are collected and processed by the data collecting and processing system.
(5) The measuring system is adopted to collect distance information through a standard pipe shell piece with a known inner diameter value, and the distance value between the laser emitting end of the laser displacement sensor and the rotating center of the device is calibrated. After calibration is completed, the pipe shell to be detected is replaced, and the inner diameter of any section of the pipe shell can be accurately measured.
Advantageous effects
Aiming at the actual problem of non-contact high-precision measurement of the inner diameter of the pipe shell part, the invention provides the non-contact measuring method and the non-contact measuring device of the inner diameter of the pipe shell part based on the photoelectric sensing distance measuring principle.
The three-degree-of-freedom motion mechanism consists of a manual linear module, a grating ruler, a linear motor module and an electric rotating platform. The invention provides a quick and accurate technical method for measuring the inner diameter of the pipe shell in the field of machining and manufacturing in China, effectively solves the defects of poor precision, low efficiency, easy surface damage and the like of the traditional measuring mode, and brings huge economic and social benefits.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of the inner diameter measuring device of the tube shell based on photoelectric sensing;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the inner diameter measuring device of the tube shell based on photoelectric sensing;
number designation in fig. 1: 101-electric rotating table stator; 102-electric rotating table rotor; 103-scale grating; 104-grating read head; 105-a manual linear guide; 106-manual slide table; 107-laser displacement sensor; 108-mounting plate; 109-sliding table locking element; 110-electric slipway; 111-electric linear guide; 112, a pipe shell piece to be detected; 113 — data acquisition and processing system.
Detailed Description
The method and the system for measuring the inner diameter of the tube shell based on photoelectric sensing are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a device for measuring an inner diameter of a package member based on photoelectric sensing, where the device includes:
the photoelectric sensing module comprises a laser displacement sensor, and the laser displacement sensor is arranged inside the pipe shell piece 112 to be measured and used for measuring the distance from a laser emitting end to the inner wall of the pipe shell piece 112 to be measured;
the three-degree-of-freedom motion mechanism is used for adjusting the positions of the photoelectric sensing module in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction and completing uniform circular motion;
and the data acquisition and processing system is used for calculating and processing the distance information detected by the photoelectric sensing module of the mobile phone, and processing the number output by the laser displacement sensor according to the distance from the calibrated sensor transmitting end to the rotation center so as to obtain the inner diameter data of the shell component 112 to be detected.
Furthermore, the three-degree-of-freedom motion mechanism is a motion mechanism which can provide horizontal and vertical displacement and drive the photoelectric sensing module to rotate and is composed of a plurality of modules, the three-degree-of-freedom motion mechanism provided by the embodiment comprises a manual linear module, a linear motor module and an electric rotating platform, wherein,
the electric rotating platform comprises a stator 101 and a rotor 102, wherein the stator 101 is horizontally arranged on a measuring platform, and the stator 101 is used for supporting the whole measuring device. An electric linear guide rail 111 is fixed on the stator 101, and the axis of the electric linear guide rail 111 is perpendicular to the plane of the stator 101.
Ensuring that the relative position of the whole system is not changed in the measuring process;
the electric rotating platform rotor 102 is coaxial with the electric rotating platform stator and is used for driving the whole measuring device to do circular motion; the rotor 102 is coaxially installed with the stator 101, the manual linear module and the linear motor module are fixedly connected with the rotor 102, the photoelectric sensing module is connected to the manual linear module or the linear motor module, and the rotor 102 drives a displacement adjusting and measuring mechanism consisting of the whole manual linear module, the linear motor module and the photoelectric sensing module to do circular motion.
The electric rotating platform stator 101 is fixedly connected with the measuring platform so as to ensure that the position of the whole measuring system cannot be changed in the measuring process; the manual linear module comprises a horizontal manual linear guide rail 105 and a manual translation sliding block 106, the manual translation sliding block 106 is installed in the manual linear guide rail 105, and the whole manual linear module is fixed on the electric rotating table rotor 102.
The manual linear guide rail 105 is fixedly connected with the rotor of the electric rotating table, so that the eccentric distance of the measuring device is adjustable; and the manual sliding table 106 is arranged on the manual linear guide rail and used for adjusting the distance from the transmitting end of the sensor to the inner wall of the workpiece to enable the manual sliding table to be within the measuring range of the sensor.
And the scale grating 103 is arranged in parallel with the manual linear guide rail 105, the manual translation sliding block 106 is connected with the grating reading head 104, and the numerical value of the grating reading head 104 is read through the scale grating 103, so that the distance between the laser emission starting point of the photoelectric sensing module and the inner wall of the part is within a measuring range.
The scale grating 103 is fixedly connected with the manual linear guide rail and used for visually representing the relative movement distance of the sliding table on the linear guide rail; and the grating reading head 104 is used for displaying the moving distance of the sliding table on the manual linear module relative to the initial calibration position and calculating the eccentric distance value of the transmitting end of the sensor in the measuring device relative to the rotating center.
The linear motor module includes slip table 110 and electronic linear guide 111, and slip table 110 has slip table retaining member 109, slip table retaining member 109 is used for fixing slip table 110 at current position. The electric sliding table 110 is used for adjusting the position of the sensor in the vertical direction to realize the measurement of the inner diameters of a plurality of sections of the pipe shell; and the electric linear guide rail 111 is used for realizing the position adjustment of the laser displacement sensor in the vertical direction.
The sliding table 110 is mounted on the electric linear guide rail 111, and the whole linear motor module is fixed on the manual translation sliding block 106. The manual translation sliding block 106 drives the whole linear motor module to adjust the position in the horizontal direction.
The position and the composition form that above-mentioned manual sharp module and linear electric motor module are connected all can interconversion, can be for the composition form that this embodiment provided, also can be for being fixed in the slip table of linear electric motor module with manual sharp module on, can reach the displacement regulation effect of level, two perpendicular directions equally.
Further, the photoelectric sensing module includes a laser displacement sensor 107 and a mounting component thereof, and the laser displacement sensor 107 is adopted in this embodiment. The precision of the laser displacement sensor 107 is high, and in the existing measuring range, the distance between the transmitting end of the sensor 107 and the inner wall of the part to be measured 112 is adjusted through the manual linear guide rail 105 and the sliding table 106 of the measuring system, so that the measuring range can be expanded, and the accurate measurement of the inner diameters of pipe shell parts with various scales is realized.
On laser displacement sensor 107 was fixed in linear motion module slip table 110 through the installation of mounting panel 108, realized through electronic linear guide 111 of control light displacement sensor 107 was in the regulation of vertical direction upper position. The laser displacement sensor 107 is used for acquiring a distance value from a laser emitting end to the inner wall of the pipe shell to be detected; the mounting plate 108 is used for mounting and fixing the laser displacement sensor on a sliding table of the electric linear module.
The pipe casing component 112 to be tested is placed on the measuring platform and is coaxially installed with the linear motor module. The data acquired by the sensor 107 is acquired by the data acquisition and processing module 113, and the inner diameter of the pipe casing 112 can be calculated by performing circumference fitting.
The measuring system can measure the inner diameter value of a single section of the to-be-measured pipe shell 112, and the position of the sensor 107 in the vertical direction is changed by adjusting the position of the sliding table 110 on the electric linear guide rail 111, so that the inner diameter of any section of the to-be-measured part 112 can be measured.
In order to improve the detection efficiency and precision of the inner diameter of the tube part in the machining and manufacturing industry, the invention provides a tube part inner diameter non-contact type measuring method based on the photoelectric sensing distance measuring principle, the measuring precision can reach 0.01mm, the interference of factors such as environmental temperature, humidity and the like is hardly caused, the system stability is high, and the method has extremely wide application scenes and higher practical value.
Example 2
According to the device for measuring the inner diameter of the tube shell based on photoelectric sensing, the embodiment provides a method for measuring the inner diameter of the tube shell 112 to be measured, and the method comprises the following steps:
installing all components of the device, and detecting the effectiveness of data transmission;
step two, manually adjusting the position of a manual linear module according to the approximate inner diameter of the current pipe shell to be detected, so that the photoelectric sensing module is positioned in the measuring range of the sensor;
placing the pipe shell to be measured on the measuring table surface, adjusting the electric linear module to a certain proper position, setting parameters of the electric rotary table, sending an instruction by the data acquisition and processing system, starting working of the photoelectric sensing module and outputting distance data;
step four, the data acquisition and processing system acquires distance data, and a circumference is fitted according to the distance value calibrated by the standard pipe shell part, so that the inner diameter value of the current section of the current part can be calculated;
and step five, adjusting the sliding table of the electric linear module to other positions, sending an instruction to start the measuring device, repeating the step three and the step four, and measuring the inner diameters of different sections of the current part.
The first step is preparation work for measurement, and specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1.1: the stator of the electric rotating table is arranged on the measuring table surface, so that the position of the electric rotating table cannot be changed;
step 1.2: installing and fixing a manual linear guide rail on the rotor of the electric turntable, fixedly connecting a scale grating with the linear guide rail, and fixedly connecting a grating reading head with the sliding table;
step 1.3: the electric linear module is arranged on the manual sliding table, and the laser displacement sensor is arranged and fixed on the sliding table of the electric linear module through the mounting plate;
step 1.4: and connecting the data lines of the laser displacement sensor, the electric linear module and the electric rotating table to a data acquisition and processing system to detect the effectiveness of data transmission.
It should be noted that before measuring the inner diameter of the tube housing 112 to be measured, a standard tube housing is measured to calibrate the distance between the laser emitting end and the rotation center of the electric rotating table rotor 102, and the distance between the laser emitting end and the rotation center is calculated by using the system to measure once through a standard cylindrical housing part with a known inner diameter, and is substituted into a compensation value for calculation in subsequent measurement.
According to the non-contact measuring method and device for the inner diameter of the pipe shell based on the photoelectric sensing distance measuring principle, the laser displacement sensor is installed on the linear motion module through the built three-degree-of-freedom motion platform, the motion of the electric rotating table is controlled, circumference fitting processing is carried out according to equal-angle distance data collected by the sensor, and finally high-precision measurement of the inner diameter of any section of the pipe shell is achieved.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and adjustments can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and adjustments should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A shell and tube member inner diameter measuring device based on photoelectric sensing is characterized in that the measuring device comprises:
the photoelectric sensing module comprises a laser displacement sensor, and the laser displacement sensor is arranged inside the pipe shell piece (112) to be measured and used for measuring the distance from a laser emitting end to the inner wall of the pipe shell piece (112) to be measured;
the three-degree-of-freedom motion mechanism is used for adjusting the positions of the photoelectric sensing module in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction and completing uniform circular motion;
and the data acquisition and processing system is used for collecting the distance information detected by the photoelectric sensing module and performing circumference fitting processing on the distance information to obtain the inner diameter data of the pipe shell component (112) to be detected.
2. The tube shell inner diameter measuring device based on photoelectric sensing of claim 1, wherein the three-degree-of-freedom motion mechanism comprises a manual linear module, a linear motor module and an electric rotating table, wherein,
the electric rotating platform comprises a stator (101) and a rotor (102), the stator (101) is horizontally arranged on a measuring platform, the stator (101) is used for supporting the whole measuring device, an electric linear guide rail (111) is fixed on the stator (101), and the axial lead of the electric linear guide rail (111) is perpendicular to the plane of the stator (101), so that the relative position of the whole system is ensured not to change in the measuring process;
rotor (102) of electric rotating platform, with stator (101) are installed with the axle center, manual sharp module of rotor (102) rigid coupling and linear electric motor module, photoelectric sensing module connects on manual sharp module or linear electric motor module, displacement regulation and measuring mechanism that rotor (102) drive whole manual sharp module and linear electric motor module and photoelectric sensing module constitute are circular motion.
3. The photoelectric sensing-based tube shell member inner diameter measuring device is characterized in that the manual linear module comprises a horizontal manual linear guide rail (105) and a manual translation sliding block (106), the manual translation sliding block (106) is installed in the installation manual linear guide rail (105), and the whole manual linear module is fixed on an electric rotating table rotor (102);
and the manual linear guide rail (105) is provided with a scale grating (103) side by side, the manual translation sliding block (106) is connected with the grating reading head (104), and the scale grating (103) is used for reading the numerical value of the grating reading head (104), so that the distance between the laser emission starting point of the photoelectric sensing module and the inner wall of the part is within the range of measurement.
4. The shell component inner diameter measuring device based on photoelectric sensing of claim 3, wherein the linear motor module comprises a sliding table (110) and an electric linear guide rail (111), the sliding table (110) is provided with a sliding table locking member (109), and the sliding table locking member (109) is used for fixing the sliding table (110) at the current position;
the sliding table (110) is installed on the electric linear guide rail (111), and the whole linear motor module is fixed on the manual translation sliding block (106) and drives the whole linear motor module to be adjusted in the horizontal direction through the manual translation sliding block (106).
5. The tube and package member inner diameter measuring device based on photoelectric sensing of claim 4, wherein the photoelectric sensing module comprises a laser displacement sensor (107) and a mounting assembly thereof, the laser displacement sensor (107) is mounted and fixed on a linear motion module sliding table (110) through a mounting plate (108), and the adjustment of the position of the laser displacement sensor (107) in the vertical direction is realized by controlling an electric linear guide rail (111).
6. The shell and tube member inner diameter measuring device based on photoelectric sensing of claim 2, wherein the shell and tube member (112) to be measured is placed on a measuring platform and is coaxially installed with the linear motor module.
7. The inner diameter measuring method of the shell and tube member inner diameter measuring device based on the photoelectric sensing is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
installing all components of the device, and detecting the effectiveness of data transmission;
step two, manually adjusting the position of a manual linear module according to the approximate inner diameter of the current pipe shell to be detected, so that the photoelectric sensing module is positioned in the measuring range of the sensor;
placing the pipe shell to be measured on the measuring table surface, adjusting the electric linear module to a certain position, setting parameters of the electric rotary table, sending an instruction by the data acquisition and processing system, starting working of the photoelectric sensing module and outputting distance data;
step four, the data acquisition and processing system acquires distance data, and a circumference is fitted according to the distance value calibrated by the standard pipe shell part, so that the inner diameter value of the current section of the current part can be calculated;
and step five, adjusting the sliding table of the electric linear module to other positions, sending an instruction to start the measuring device, repeating the step three and the step four, and measuring the inner diameters of different sections of the current part.
8. The inner diameter measurement method according to claim 7, wherein the first step includes:
step 1.1: the stator of the electric rotating table is arranged on the measuring table surface, so that the position of the electric rotating table cannot be changed;
step 1.2: installing and fixing a manual linear guide rail on the rotor of the electric turntable, fixedly connecting a scale grating with the linear guide rail, and fixedly connecting a grating reading head with the sliding table;
step 1.3: the electric linear module is arranged on the manual sliding table, and the laser displacement sensor is arranged and fixed on the sliding table of the electric linear module through the mounting plate;
step 1.4: and connecting the data lines of the laser displacement sensor, the electric linear module and the electric rotating table to a data acquisition and processing system to detect the effectiveness of data transmission.
9. The inner diameter measuring method according to claim 7, wherein before the inner diameter of the tube shell component (112) to be measured is measured, a standard tube shell component is measured to calibrate the distance between the laser emitting end and the rotation center of the electric rotating table rotor (102), the distance between the laser emitting end and the rotation center is calculated by adopting the system to measure once through a standard cylindrical shell component with a known inner diameter, and the distance is substituted into a compensation value for subsequent measurement.
10. The inner diameter measuring method according to any one of claims 7 to 9, wherein the photoelectric sensing module comprises a laser displacement sensor (107) and a mounting assembly thereof.
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