CN111719707A - Steel bar lap joint connection applied to concrete structural bodies, forming method of steel bar lap joint connection and grouting monitoring element used in grouting - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a lap joint for concrete structures and a forming method thereof. The lap joint comprises a first concrete structure body with a first shape space formed beside a first steel bar; a movable rebar is placed in the entire first shaped space; a second concrete structure is disposed adjacent the first concrete structure and has a second reinforcement disposed adjacent the second space. The second space is substantially coaxially disposed with respect to the first shaped space. One part of the movable steel bar is placed in the first shaped space, and the other part of the movable steel bar is placed in the second shaped space. Therefore, the movable steel bars are overlapped on the first steel bars and the second steel bars, and then space grout containing the steel bars is filled through the alignment of the steel bars. In addition, the present invention discloses a method for forming a shape space in a preform, and a detector for detecting whether grout fills a guide tube.

Description

Steel bar lap joint connection applied to concrete structural bodies, forming method of steel bar lap joint connection and grouting monitoring element used in grouting

Technical Field

The present invention provides a plurality of techniques for joining concrete structures that allow for rapid assembly of prefabricated elements at a construction site, can be used together to form a systematic construction technique that allows for clean, rapid and simple assembly of elements at a construction site.

Background

A precast concrete structure is a structure widely used by modern buildings to rapidly construct multi-story buildings such as high-rise buildings and office buildings. Precast concrete structures are produced off-site, such as a factory. Precast concrete structures often use reinforcing steel bars that extend outward from the structure to connect the reinforcing steel bars of adjacent structures.

One common construction method for joining prefabricated structures is corrugated steel pipe grouting, which penetrates:

1. placing a metal corrugated sleeve on the end part of the precast concrete element to form a hollow conduit or forming a hole space by other methods;

2. from another prefabricated or cast-in-place concrete element there extend a reinforcement (for example a bar), called connecting reinforcement, the length of extension being called the anchoring length, which is determined according to the size of the reinforcement, the anchoring length of a reinforcement with a diameter of more than 25 mm usually exceeding 1 metre;

3. when the prefabricated element is placed at the final position, all the connecting steel bars are inserted into the metal corrugated pipe;

4. using non-shrinkage cement paste to fill the space between the steel bar and the metal corrugated pipe until the cement paste overflows the grouting outlet hole, and completing structural connection;

5. after the completion, the main reinforcing bar among the prefabricated component forms the overlap joint with the connecting reinforcement among the metal bellows, and the pulling force and the pressure of main reinforcing bar can transmit the connecting reinforcement, so two structural component can link together.

The disadvantages of the above-described connection system are:

1. the concrete elements extend over a length of reinforcement, whether 400 mm or more than a meter, which is very long, and precise alignment is necessary to make it difficult to insert the connecting reinforcement into the metal bellows of another prefabricated element. The exposed connecting bars are easily bent during transportation and are misaligned to make installation difficult, and often the person working on the site must adjust the connecting bars back to the correct position.

2. The extended reinforcement increases the length of the overall prefabricated element, increases the space required for transportation, and thus reduces the efficiency of transportation.

3. For high-rise buildings, the content of the steel bars of the wall columns is high, a large number of connecting steel bars are needed, and it is difficult to insert all the connecting steel bars into the metal corrugated pipes in an aligned mode.

4. The metal corrugated pipe has the function of forming a shape space for inserting the connecting reinforcing steel bars, and has no structural function after grouting. The prefabricated structure requires the use of many metal bellows, which is wasteful of material.

5. The grouting method determines that the space between the steel bar and the metal corrugated pipe is full by taking cement slurry overflowing out of the grouting outlet hole as an index, wastes overflowing cement slurry and is not favorable for environmental management of a construction site.

Accordingly, there is a need for improved techniques for joining concrete structures, such as prefabricated walls, columns, beams and slabs, to achieve faster and safer construction, and to reduce transportation costs and simplify the construction of the joint.

Disclosure of Invention

In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method of improving the connection of concrete structures, such as precast concrete structures. In the method, the method comprises:

forming a first tangible space in the first concrete structure, wherein the first tangible space is arranged beside a first main steel bar of the first concrete structure;

placing a movable rebar in the first shaped space, the movable rebar having a length shorter than a length of the first shaped space, such that the movable rebar is completely contained within the first shaped space.

Placing a second concrete structure next to the first concrete structure, the second concrete structure including a second tangible space adjacent to a second primary rebar of the second concrete structure, the second tangible space being positioned substantially coaxial with the first tangible space of the first concrete structure;

moving said movable reinforcement to a position such that a portion of said movable reinforcement is within said first shaped space and a portion of said movable reinforcement is within said second shaped space, thereby allowing said movable reinforcement to partially overlap the rebar of said first and second rebars; and

and grouting the first tangible space and the second tangible space with grout.

In one embodiment, the method further comprises positioning a centering element adjacent to the upper side of the movable rebar to center the movable rebar within the first shaped molding space; the neutral element can be a metal spring coil.

In another embodiment, the method further comprises using a lead to hold the movable rebar within the first shaped space.

In another embodiment, the method further comprises using a bore conduit disposed between the first shaped space and a side of the first concrete structure to receive grouting fluid; wherein the method may further comprise using a lead having an end passing through the bore conduit for holding the movable rebar in the first shaped space.

In another embodiment, the method further comprises using a bore conduit disposed between the first shaped space and a side of the first concrete structure to receive grouting. In this embodiment, the method may further comprise using a wire having an end passing through the bore guide to hold the movable rebar in the first shaped space. The lap joint may further include a second shaped space disposed between the second shaped space and one side of the second concrete structure. The lap joint may further include a grout monitoring member disposed in the grout path of the second shaped space, the grout monitoring member providing an indication of completion of grout and preventing grout from escaping. In a particular embodiment, the grout monitoring element is followed by a plurality of grout passages and the monitoring element surface has a plurality of perforations, the width of the plurality of grout passages narrowing as they approach the monitoring surface; additionally the grout monitoring element surface may be transparent.

In another embodiment, the second tangible space of the second concrete structure may be eliminated by a mechanical joint, facing the first tangible space of the first concrete structure. In this embodiment, when the second shaped space of the second concrete structure is replaced by the mechanical coupler, the movable reinforcing bar and the mechanical coupler are respectively provided with threads, and the reinforcing bar is screwed into the mechanical coupler by moving and rotating the reinforcing bar.

In another embodiment, the inner former is formed by a combination of one or more round, square, or other shaped rods; the molding polymerization anti-sticking layer surrounds and covers the internal former in a roughly spiral mode, the internal former is pulled out after concrete is poured, and finally the anti-sticking layer is pulled out to form a shaped space in the concrete structure body.

A second aspect of the present invention relates to a grouting monitoring element for use in grouting a prefabricated structural member, comprising:

a housing connected to a bore conduit;

a tray body which covers the shell and is provided with a plurality of small holes, the back of the tray body is provided with one or a plurality of grouting channels for flowing slurry,

wherein the holes are sized to allow air to pass through but not the slurry.

In one embodiment, the grout monitoring element is placed at the grout exit hole and on the critical path of the grout to enable observation of the progress of the grout.

In another embodiment, the grout monitoring element provides an indication of grout completion to prevent grout spillage.

In another embodiment, the width of the plurality of grout channels narrows as they approach the monitoring surface; additionally the grout monitoring element surface may be transparent.

In another embodiment, the housing is made of plastic or metal.

In another embodiment, the tray is made of plastic.

In a third aspect, the invention relates to a method for forming a conduit with a shape space or a hole on a concrete structural member, which comprises the following steps:

forming an internal former from a combination of one or more rods of round, square, or other shape;

wrapping the inner former around in a generally spiral pattern with an anti-adhesive layer;

pulling out the internal former after pouring concrete;

and finally, pulling out the anti-sticking layer to form a conduit with a shape space or a hole in the concrete structure.

In one embodiment, the material of the anti-sticking layer is plastic, Teflon, or silicone strip or steel cable.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the method of the present invention for forming a plurality of shaped spaces at the ends of a first concrete element and a second concrete element for vertically connecting the ends of the two concrete elements, in a prefabricated or cast-in-place manner;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the joining of two concrete elements in a horizontal or non-vertical joint by the method of one embodiment of the invention;

fig. 3 shows another embodiment of the present invention for connecting two precast concrete elements by a set of mechanical joints for reinforcing steel bars and reinforcing steel bars with threads provided at ends thereof, and rotating the reinforcing steel bars inserted into the shaped spaces into the mechanical joints;

fig. 4 illustrates a method for forming a shaped space corresponding to the reinforcing bars according to the present invention;

FIG. 5 shows a schematic of the inner former and surround used in the method of forming a shaped space of the present invention.

FIG. 6 illustrates an embodiment of the present invention showing the status of grout fill by a grout monitoring element located at the grout outlet hole (top position);

fig. 7 shows an enlarged sectional view of the grout monitoring element of fig. 6 at the grout outlet hole.

Detailed Description

The invention discloses a novel precast concrete structure system which is used for avoiding the problem that the connecting steel bars extend out of the structure. The invention is applicable to single precast concrete elements including columns, walls, diagonal braces, beams and slabs or other large structures such as concrete modules. In the present invention, the shaped space is provided in the prefabricated element to temporarily provide a space for placing the connecting steel bars (e.g. straight steel bars). Generally, the prefabricated elements do not have the connecting rebars extending beyond the ends of the structural member.

Referring to fig. 1-2, a plurality of shaped spaces 1 are formed at one end of a first concrete element by a prefabrication or casting method. The shaped space 1 can be formed by conventional means such as by metal bellows or by the method of using an inner former to surround the layers as disclosed in the present specification. There is a shaped space 1 arranged adjacent to the main reinforcement 8 of the concrete element. Another set of shaped spaces 2 is formed at one end of a second concrete element. The first concrete element is firstly placed at a final set position; when cast in situ, the first concrete element is cast preferentially. When the ends of the two concrete elements are joined, the two sleeves are positioned opposite to each other according to the design. Before the second precast concrete element is installed, the connecting reinforcement 3 is inserted into the shaped space corresponding to the first or second precast concrete element. As shown in the figure, the connecting steel bar 3 is placed in the shaped space 2, or can be placed in another shaped space.

For horizontal element attachment, as shown in fig. 2, the attachment bar 3 may be positioned away from the open end having the shaped space by securely attaching a lead 5 or other suitable connector to one end of the bar 3. The lead 5 passes through the shaped space 2 and out of the joint between the two concrete elements. Sometimes, it is necessary to place centering devices 4 at intervals along the length of the connecting reinforcement to allow the connecting reinforcement 3 to be fixed in the center of the shaped space. The centering means 4 may be a metal spring coil fixed along the steel bars. The metal spring coils are chosen for their flexibility, low cost and slurry circulation characteristics, however, any other means of centering the movable rebars may be chosen.

The second prefabricated element is placed in a hanging mode, so that the shape spaces of the two elements can be matched and positioned; generally, the two shaped spaces are substantially coaxial.

For vertically connected prefabricated elements, the connecting bars may be temporarily supported in the upper element and inserted into the shaped spaces of the lower prefabricated elements by moving down the leads holding the connecting bars 3 by releasing them. The connecting reinforcement 3 will fall into the shaped space of the prefabricated element below.

For the prefabricated elements connected horizontally or non-vertically (for example, connected obliquely), as shown in fig. 2, under the condition that the connecting steel bar cannot be moved by gravity, the connecting steel bar can be moved into the shaped space of the opposite prefabricated element by pulling a lead wire which is firmly fixed on the end of the connecting steel bar and penetrates through the joint between the two prefabricated elements (as shown in fig. 2). It is also possible to move the connecting reinforcement temporarily placed in the shaped space 2 to the shaped space 3 by pushing one end of the reinforcement from an aperture (orifice) 7 by means of a flexible rod or device, the aperture 7 being the hole provided by the prefabricated element for the grouting operation. The length of the connecting bars is designed in consideration of the length 9 of the connecting bars which still has sufficient overlap with the main bars 8 when they are pulled or dropped to the final position. After the non-shrink cement is poured into and fills the connected shaped spaces, the connecting reinforcing steel bars can be effectively overlapped with the main reinforcing steel bars in the prefabricated elements. The compressive and tensile forces of the primary rebar can be transmitted to the grouted rebar through adhesive forces.

Referring to fig. 3, another aspect of the present invention is to provide a plurality of reinforcing bars 8 to be poured on the ends of the first concrete element. The ends of the reinforcing rods 8 are provided with threads for connection to a mechanical connector 9. The mechanical splice 9 has an open exposed end for connection to another threaded steel bar. A set of shaped spaces 10 is formed at one end of the second concrete element, at least one of which is prefabricated. The shaped space 10 can be formed by conventional means such as a metal bellows, a hole pattern, or a new method as described below. The shaped space is formed next to the main reinforcement 11 near the concrete element.

The first concrete element is placed in advance at a predetermined position. The mechanical joint is cast in the first concrete element. It is also possible to cast it in a second concrete element, as is known to those skilled in the art. If one of the elements is cast in place rebar, it is placed first. The position of the shaped space 10 is set in such a way that when the ends of the concrete elements are joined, the concrete elements are arranged in a position corresponding to the position of the connector 9.

Before positioning the second preform again, the connecting reinforcement 12 is inserted into the shaped space 10 of the concrete element. The connecting bar 12 is held in place by a lead wire secured to its end. The connecting rebars 12 are positioned equidistantly along the length of the rebars by one or more centering devices (centering devices) to maintain the rebars in the center of the shaped space.

The second precast element is placed so that it has a shaped space aligned with the mechanical joint, maintaining a gap 13 of about 20 mm at the end joint of the two concrete elements. The temporarily held rebar is then pushed 20 mm clearance to the touch mechanism connectors by pushing one end of the rebar through a flexible rod or device from an aperture (conduit)14, which aperture 14 is the hole provided by the prefabricated element for grouting operations. A wrench is sized to extend into the space 13 for rotating the connecting reinforcing bar 12 with threads into the mechanical joint. The length of the connecting reinforcing bars 12 is set to a length sufficient to overlap the main reinforcing bars 11 when they are fully locked into the mechanical splice.

Finally, non-shrink cement is poured to fill the connected shaped spaces 10 and the gap 13 between the two prefabricated elements. The connecting reinforcing bars 12 and the main reinforcing bars 11 form effective lap joints in the concrete element, and the compressive force and tensile force of the main reinforcing bars 11 of the first concrete element can be transmitted to the connecting reinforcing bars 12 through adhesive force. The internal forces can also be transmitted to the second concrete element main reinforcement 11 and other concrete elements through mechanical joints. The structural connection of the two elements is completed as described above.

The new method provided by the invention has the following advantages:

1. the problem that the steel bars extend out of the prefabricated elements can be avoided. The transportation is more efficient, and the cost is reduced.

2. Compared with the conduit with long steel bars inserted into the holes, the new method is much simpler to align the shape space on site.

3. With current technology it is difficult to apply the connection to inclined prefabricated construction elements because it is difficult to lift heavy prefabricated elements at an angle to allow an elongated steel bar to be inserted into the bore hole duct. The connection method of the present invention can solve such problems and can be applied to beams, columns, plates and inclined members.

4. By using the invention, the construction of the whole building can be completed by connecting basic structural elements such as columns, walls, diagonal braces, beams, plates and the like.

5. The joining of the prefabricated elements has only about 20 mm clearance for construction tolerances and the construction site does not need to use any formwork or cast concrete.

6. The construction method does not need on-site modeling, steel bar binding or concrete pouring, only needs the connection operation of the prefabricated elements, accelerates the construction time and greatly reduces on-site construction personnel.

7. All the reinforcement bars can be bound in a factory, so that the loss of materials can be reduced, and the carbon footprint generated by transportation is greatly reduced.

8. The covered building is assembled by prefabricated elements, and only cement mortar joints are arranged among the prefabricated elements. Therefore, the facing brick, the bare concrete, the colored concrete and the like can be finished in a factory, and only the connection operation needs to be finished on a construction site.

As shown in fig. 4 and 5, a method of forming the shaped spaces provided corresponding to the reinforcing rods is described as follows. As shown in fig. 4. A pin/rod as an internal former 1(internal former), which may be a steel bar, a cylinder or a round steel tube; other shapes can be achieved by combining a plurality of steel bars with a round steel tube. The inner former is provided with a layer of grease or oil. A polymeric anti-adhesive layer is annularly wrapped from an inner end portion to an outer end portion of the inner former 1 in a roughly spiral pattern as an anti-adhesive surrounding layer (wrapper), which may be made of plastic, Teflon or silicone strip (silicone) 2. Alternatively, the inner former 1 may be wound using steel cables as the strips, and a hole of arbitrary cross-sectional shape may be formed by stacking a plurality of strips. The surrounded former is placed in a mould and poured into the precast concrete element 3. When the cement has hardened, the inner former 1 is extracted from the pre-cast element. Since the lubricated inner former has a much lower friction with the surrounding layer (wrapper) than between the surrounding member and the concrete, the inner former 1 can be pulled out easily, leaving the polymeric anti-adhesive layer in the concrete. The polymeric release layer may be formed by extrusion and may be contoured to provide ribs or other structures that further reduce friction (as shown in fig. 5). The contact of the profile of the bar with the concrete is designed to promote the subsequent transfer of the adhesive force between the steel reinforcement and the concrete.

When the inner former is removed, the strip of the surround exposed at the open end can be withdrawn from the shaped space, the strip can be gradually stripped from the inner surface of the concrete element as the surround is helically wound, and the outline of the aperture 6 is moulded into the precast concrete element. The profile of the strip-shaped strip can be designed in the form of ribs or grooves formed on the inner wall of the hole, thereby enhancing the transmission of force between the embedded steel bars and the main body of the prefabricated element. If steel cables are used as the surrounding layer, ribs will be formed on the inner wall of the hole, which also enhances the friction and transmission of force. The hole formed by the method has the same effect as the corrugated pipe used in the traditional method, and also has the following advantages:

1. the use of multiple internal formers allows for the formation of larger holes for the placement of multiple reinforcing rods within the larger holes for the attachment of prefabricated elements.

2. Other shapes, such as square or rectangular, may be formed by the present method to conform to the structural design, as opposed to a circular configuration.

3. The inner former, polymeric release layer or cable may be reusable.

4. The method for forming the holes in the precast concrete is a more economical and flexible method.

The connection technology of the invention utilizes grouting to fill the holes and arrange the reinforcing steel bars in the holes. The purpose of filling the hole conduit with grouting is to ensure that the capacity between the steel bars and the concrete can effectively transfer internal force. It is known to pump slurry into one end of a conduit in the hole, overflow the conduit at the other end, and seal the ends of the inlet and outlet. When the ends of the perforated pipe are at different levels, the slurry inlet is positioned lower so that the rising slurry displaces air from the perforated pipe until the slurry overflows the outlet.

When there are a plurality of conduit holes to be grouted, each of which is connected at one end to a gap, such as a standard column pre-form connection, the slurry is pumped from the gap at the bottom and then rises within each conduit hole to a discharge at the top of the conduit hole.

The disadvantages of this system are:

1. the overflow slurry causes waste of material. In some cases, the slurry from multiple outlets will be wasted without timely sealing.

2. The overflow slurry solidification requires manual removal and cleaning, which is very labor intensive, especially if the site is not properly managed, resulting in large scale overflow slurries.

3. After grouting is completed, the grouting line extending from the outlet is cut off.

4. It is necessary to monitor the conduit bore outlet on site and seal the outlet in time to overflow the slurry, which may not be possible in some situations.

As shown in fig. 6 and 7, a grouting monitoring element may be disposed at the outlet of the perforated pipe to reduce the waste of material due to slurry overflow and to avoid the cleaning work of the slurry overflow. As shown in FIG. 7, monitoring of the slurry is performed by connecting a plastic or metal housing 1 to a perforated pipe 2. Typically, the location of monitoring will be remote from the entrance of the grout (such as entrance 6 of fig. 6), or placed along the path of the grout or at the other end of the bore hole conduit. As shown in fig. 7, a plastic tray 3 covers the plastic housing 1 and has a plurality of holes 4. The holes 4 are sized to allow air to pass through but not the slurry. The back of the plastic tray 3 is provided with one or more channels 5 for the flow of slurry. The width of the channel 5 narrows as it approaches the plastic disc 3 and the grout monitoring element can be made of a transparent plastic to allow for clear monitoring of the grout flowing into the grout monitoring element. The grout monitoring component can be cast into the prefabricated component in the factory or installed by drilling a hole to connect with the conduit before grouting. The plastic disc should be placed flat and visible against the precast concrete surface, and the open end of the grout monitoring element is connected to the bore line to be grouted.

During grouting operation, the grout fills the hole conduit gradually and pushes air to the grouting monitoring element. Through the design, air can be discharged out of the grouting monitoring element through the narrow-gradually channel and the small hole of the disc body. When the grout fills up the hole conduit to the position of the grouting monitoring element, the grout can be guided into the channel 5 of the grouting monitoring element, the gradually narrowed channel 5 can obstruct the flowing of the grout, the lift of the grout is reduced, and finally the grout is blocked by the small hole 4 of the disc body 3 (a small amount of water of the grout can flow out). The blocked grout stays in the tray body 3, and the transparent tray body 3 can be used for observation to display whether the grout is filled.

As shown in fig. 6, which illustrates an example of the prefabricated straight column grouting. The base of the straight column is internally connected with a plurality of hole conduits and reinforcing bars. The grouting operation is intended to force grout from the base through an inlet (inlet)6, which moves up the bore hole conduit to the top thereof. The grouting monitoring element 7 is arranged at the top of the hole guide pipe, the transparent disc body of the grouting monitoring element 7 displays the grouting state of the grout, and when the transparent disc body is filled with the grout, the grouting is stopped.

The advantages of using grout monitoring elements are:

1. waste of slurry can be reduced or avoided.

2. The manpower and the wasted slurry removing are not needed to be arranged at the grouting outlet, so that the manpower is saved.

3. Without the overflow slurry, the preform element may be the final product.

4. The plastic tray body sets up with precast concrete surface plane, and the tray body is covered to the accessible whitewash.

5. The grouting monitoring element is placed at a proper position, and can be used for monitoring and verifying the complex grouting operation of multi-path grouting.

The present disclosure is not limited to the particular systems, devices, and methods described, as these may vary. The terminology used in the description is for the purpose of describing the particular versions or embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope.

In the foregoing detailed description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof. In the drawings, like numerals typically identify like components, unless context dictates otherwise. The illustrated embodiments described in the detailed description, drawings, and claims are not meant to be limiting. Other embodiments may be utilized, and other changes may be made, without departing from the spirit or scope of the subject matter presented here. It will be readily understood that the aspects of the present disclosure, as generally described herein, and illustrated in the figures, can be arranged, substituted, combined, separated, and designed in a wide variety of different configurations, all of which are explicitly contemplated herein.

The present disclosure in accordance with certain embodiments described herein is not to be limited in scope by the specific aspects illustrated. As will be apparent to those skilled in the art, many modifications and variations are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure. Functionally equivalent methods and apparatus, other than those enumerated herein, will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the foregoing description, within the scope of the present disclosure. Such modifications and variations are intended to fall within the scope of the appended claims. The disclosure is to be limited only by the terms of the appended claims, along with the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled. It is to be understood that this disclosure is not limited to particular methods, reagents, compounds, compositions or biological systems, which can, of course, vary. It is also to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only, and is not intended to be limiting.

Various of the above-disclosed and other features and functions, or alternatives thereof, may be desirably combined into many other different systems or applications. Various presently unforeseen or unanticipated alternatives, modifications, variations or improvements therein may be subsequently made by those skilled in the art, each of which is also intended to be encompassed by the disclosed embodiments.

Claims (16)

1. A method for forming lap joints between concrete structures, comprising:

forming a first tangible space in the first concrete structure, wherein the first tangible space is arranged beside a first main steel bar of the first concrete structure;

placing a movable rebar in the first shaped space, the movable rebar being shorter in length than the first shaped space, such that the movable rebar is completely contained within the first shaped space;

placing a second concrete structure next to the first concrete structure, the second concrete structure including a second shaped space adjacent to a second primary rebar in the second concrete structure, the second shaped space positioned substantially coaxial with the first shaped space of the first concrete structure; or a mechanical joint instead of the second shaped space, facing the first shaped space of the first concrete structure;

moving the movable bar to a position in which the movable bar is partially within the first shaped space and partially within the second shaped space, thereby partially overlapping the movable bar with the first and second master bars; and

and grouting the first tangible space and the second tangible space with grout.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising positioning a centering element above the movable reinforcement to center the movable reinforcement within the first shaped space.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the intermediate component is a metal spring coil.

4. The method of claim 1, further comprising using a lead to hold the movable reinforcement within the first shaped space.

5. A method of forming a lap joint between concrete structures as recited in claim 1, further comprising using a conduit disposed between said first shaped space and a side of said first concrete structure for receiving grouting fluid.

6. The method of claim 5, further comprising using a lead having an end extending through the bore guide to hold the movable reinforcement in the first shaped space.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the movable reinforcement and the mechanical joint are respectively provided with screw threads to screw the reinforcement into the mechanical joint by moving and rotating the reinforcement when the second shaped space of the second concrete structure is replaced with the mechanical joint.

8. The method of claim 5, wherein the lap joint further comprises a second perforated conduit disposed between the second molding space and a side of the second concrete structure.

9. A grout monitoring component for use in grouting concrete structural members, comprising:

a housing connected to a bore conduit;

a tray body which covers the shell and is provided with a plurality of small holes, the back of the tray body is provided with one or a plurality of grouting channels for flowing slurry,

wherein the holes are sized to allow air to pass through but not the slurry.

10. A grout monitoring member as defined in claim 9, wherein the grout monitoring member is positioned at the grout outlet opening and at a critical path of the grout to enable observation of the progress of the grout.

11. A grout monitoring member according to claim 9, further comprising a grout complete indication to prevent grout from escaping.

12. A grout monitoring element according to claim 9, wherein the width of the plurality of grout channels narrows as they approach the monitoring surface; additionally, the grout monitoring component surface is transparent.

13. A grout monitoring component according to claim 9, wherein the housing is of plastic or metal.

14. A grout monitoring component according to claim 9, wherein the disc is of plastic.

15. A method of forming a shaped space or bore conduit for application to a concrete structure, comprising:

forming an internal former from a combination of one or more rods of round, square, or other shape;

wrapping the inner former around in a generally spiral pattern with an anti-adhesive layer;

pulling out the internal former after pouring concrete;

and finally, pulling out the anti-sticking layer to form a conduit with a shape space or a hole in the concrete structure.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein the anti-sticking layer is made of plastic, teflon, silicone strips, or steel cables.

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