CN111716147A - Device and method for accurately controlling and processing wall thickness error of rotary shell part - Google Patents
Device and method for accurately controlling and processing wall thickness error of rotary shell part Download PDFInfo
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- CN111716147A CN111716147A CN202010490299.9A CN202010490299A CN111716147A CN 111716147 A CN111716147 A CN 111716147A CN 202010490299 A CN202010490299 A CN 202010490299A CN 111716147 A CN111716147 A CN 111716147A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q15/00—Automatic control or regulation of feed movement, cutting velocity or position of tool or work
- B23Q15/20—Automatic control or regulation of feed movement, cutting velocity or position of tool or work before or after the tool acts upon the workpiece
- B23Q15/22—Control or regulation of position of tool or workpiece
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
- B23Q17/22—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring existing or desired position of tool or work
- B23Q17/2233—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring existing or desired position of tool or work for adjusting the tool relative to the workpiece
- B23Q17/2266—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring existing or desired position of tool or work for adjusting the tool relative to the workpiece of a tool relative to a workpiece-axis
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B49/00—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B49/00—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation
- B24B49/10—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation involving electrical means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B49/00—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation
- B24B49/12—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation involving optical means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
- B23Q2017/001—Measurement or correction of run-out or eccentricity
Abstract
A device and a method for accurately controlling and processing wall thickness errors of parts of a rotary shell belong to the field of precision/ultra-precision processing, and comprise a main controller, a workpiece jumping precision detection device, a workpiece position precision adjustment device, a cutter point height precision detection device, a cutter point height precision adjustment device and an auxiliary structure. The workpiece jumping precision detection device is used for precisely detecting the jumping of the part; the workpiece position precise adjusting device is used for realizing precise and rapid alignment of the workpiece; the precise detection device for the height of the cutter point comprises a controller for detecting the height of the cutter point, a sensor for detecting the height of the cutter point and the like, and is used for precisely checking the height of the cutter point; the device for precisely adjusting the height of the tool nose comprises a micro-nano motion controller, a tool rest base, a dovetail-shaped guide rail, an upper tool rest block, a lower tool rest block, a micro-nano lifting platform and the like, and is used for adjusting the micro-nano precision of the height of the tool nose. The device and the method are simple, the processing requirements of high profile precision and high wall thickness error of the rotary parts can be met, and automation is easy to realize.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of precision/ultra-precision machining, and particularly relates to a device and a method for precisely controlling and machining wall thickness errors of rotary shell parts.
Background
The high-precision rotary parts such as rings, shafts, shaft sleeves, spherical or aspherical parts, housings and the like are widely applied to the fields of aerospace, military, medical treatment, precise instruments and instruments, precise physical experiments and the like, and in order to meet special requirements of specific fields, extremely high processing requirements are provided for the profile precision and the wall thickness error of the rotary parts, the dimensional precision and the form and position precision of the rotary parts reach micron and submicron level and even nanometer level processing requirements, and the parts are mainly processed by methods such as ultra-precision turning, ultra-precision grinding and the like at present.
Aiming at the rotary parts which need to be subjected to turn-over processing to meet the extremely high requirements on the contour accuracy of the inner surface and the outer surface of the part and the wall thickness error, during the ultra-precise turning or the ultra-precise grinding processing, firstly, a technician adjusts the height difference from a tool nose to the rotation center of a machine tool spindle, so that the height difference 11 from the tool nose to the rotation center of the machine tool spindle is smaller than or equal to the set tool nose height error requirement 11, and the height adjustment of the tool nose is completed; then, mounting and fixing the workpiece on a machine tool spindle (C shaft), adjusting the radial runout of the part by a technician, namely, aligning the part, so that the coaxiality error 21 of the rotating center line of the part and the rotating center line of the machine tool spindle (C shaft) is less than or equal to the set coaxiality error requirement 21, and completing the alignment of the part; after the tool tip height and the alignment of the part are finished, controlling a main shaft (C shaft) of the machine tool to do rotary motion, and performing cutting depth or feeding motion on the whole surface of the workpiece by a turning tool or a grinding wheel rotating at a high speed according to a machining program to remove materials to finish the machining of the inner surface or the outer surface of the part; then, the workpiece is turned and fixed on a main shaft (C shaft) of a machine tool, the angle direction of the cutter is adjusted, the height of a cutter point is readjusted and checked, the other side surface of the workpiece is machined after the workpiece is realigned, and a secondary cutter point height adjustment error and a secondary part clamping alignment error exist after the workpiece is turned over, wherein the secondary cutter point height adjustment error can cause the contour shapes of the inner surface and the outer surface to be inconsistent after machining, and can cause contour errors and wall thickness errors, and the secondary part clamping alignment error can cause the rotating center line of the inner surface and the rotating center line of the outer surface of the actually machined rotating part to be misaligned, so that the wall thickness error of the part is caused. Therefore, the cutter tip height and the alignment error of the secondary clamping of the part become bottlenecks for restricting the improvement of the profile precision and the wall thickness error of the part, and the requirements of high profile precision and high wall thickness error are difficult to meet after the parts are machined.
At present, the height adjustment of a tool tip mainly adopts a method of semi-fine adjustment of the height of the tool tip by an optical tool setting gauge, then fine adjustment of the height of the tool tip is carried out by a trial cutting method combined with a high power magnifying glass to observe the central appearance of a workpiece, and the like, the trial cutting method requires repeated trial cutting, measurement and adjustment in the adjustment process, the process is complex and time-consuming and labor-consuming, the adjustment efficiency is low, the actual processing requirements are difficult to meet when the angle of the tool and the height of the tool tip are required to be repeatedly adjusted in the curved surface processing process, the part alignment usually comprises the steps of detecting the excircle runout of the part by a high-precision dial gauge through high-tech personnel, striking the excircle of the part by a rubber hammer, aligning the part, the alignment precision can reach the micron-level after repeated adjustment, the method has high technical requirements on operators, time-consuming and labor-consuming, and is difficult to, therefore, a new method for accurately controlling and processing the contour accuracy and the wall thickness error of the part of the rotary shell in the precise/ultra-precise processing process is urgently needed to be invented so as to meet the processing requirements of high contour accuracy error and high wall thickness error of the part in the precise/ultra-precise processing process.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a device and a method for accurately controlling and processing the wall thickness error of a rotary shell part, so as to meet the processing requirements of high profile error and high wall thickness error of the part in the precise/ultra-precise processing process.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a precise control machining device for wall thickness errors of parts of a rotary shell comprises a main controller, a workpiece jumping precision detection device, a workpiece position precision adjustment device, a cutter point height precision detection device, a cutter point height precision adjustment device 6 and accessory structures thereof.
The main controller is respectively connected with the workpiece bounce detection controller, the micro-nano driving controller, the machine tool motion controller, the tool nose height detection controller and the micro-nano motion controller through signal lines and is used for coordination control of motion and functions of all parts in the machining process.
The workpiece jumping precision detection device comprises a workpiece jumping detection controller, a jumping detection device base 5, a jumping detection device upright post 8, a jumping detection device cross beam 9, a connecting plate 10, a jumping detection sensor support 11 and a jumping detection sensor 12. The workpiece bounce detection controller is connected with a bounce detection sensor 12 through a signal line, the bounce detection sensor 12 is installed on a bounce detection sensor support 11 through hole-shaft matching and is fixed through bolts, the bounce detection sensor support 11 is installed on a connecting plate 10 through the bolt fixing, the connecting plate 10 can slide and adjust front and back relative to the connecting plate 10, the connecting plate 10 is fixedly connected with a bounce detection device cross beam 9 through bolts, the bounce detection device cross beam 9 is connected with a bounce detection device stand column 8 through angle iron, the bounce detection device stand column 8 is installed on a bounce detection device base 5 and is locked through bolts, and the bounce detection device base 5 is connected with a marble seat 4 on a lathe bed 1 through bolts.
The workpiece position precision adjusting device 7 comprises a micro-nano driving controller, a micro-adjusting screw 71, a micro-adjusting device base 72, an upper moving block 73 of the micro-adjusting device, a micro-nano driver support 74, a fixing plate 75, an upper moving block locking bolt 76, a micro-nano driver 77 and a driver locking nut 78. The fine adjustment device upper moving block 73 is connected with the fine adjustment device base 72 through a dovetail-shaped precision guide rail, and the fine adjustment screw 71 is fixed on the fine adjustment device base 72 and used for pushing the fine adjustment device upper moving block 73 to precisely move relative to the fine adjustment device base 72; the fixed plate 75 is fixed on the fine adjustment device base 72 through a screw, the upper moving block locking bolt 76 is connected with the fine adjustment device upper moving block 73 through a thread, the relative positions of the fine adjustment device upper moving block 73 and the fine adjustment device base 72 can be fixed through the fixed plate 75 and the upper moving block locking bolt 76, and the fine adjustment screw rod 71, the fine adjustment device base 72, the fine adjustment device upper moving block 73, the fixed plate 75 and the upper moving block locking bolt 76 jointly form a coarse adjustment part of the workpiece position fine adjustment device; the micro-nano driving controller is connected with a micro-nano driver 77 through a signal line to form a precise adjusting part of the workpiece position precise adjusting device, the micro-nano driver 77 is connected with a micro-nano driver support 74 through threads and locked through a driver locking nut 78, and the micro-nano driver support 74 is fixedly connected with a moving block 73 on the fine adjusting device through a bolt.
The precise detection device for the height of the cutter point comprises a cutter point height detection controller, a cutter point height detection sensor 13, a cutter point height detection device support 15 and a locking bolt 16. The cutter point height detection controller is connected with the cutter point height detection sensor 13 through a signal line to form a cutter point height precision detection system; the tool nose height detection sensor 13 is installed in a hole of a tool nose height detection device support 15 and locked by a bolt, and the tool nose height detection device support 15 is connected with a machine tool spindle (C axis) seat 17 by a locking bolt 16.
The tool nose height precision adjusting device 6 comprises a micro-nano motion controller, a tool height locking bolt 61, a tool rest base 62, a tool rest locking bolt 63, a differential screw 64, a dovetail-shaped guide rail 65, a guide rail locking bolt 66, a T-shaped groove 67, a tool mounting threaded hole 68, an upper tool rest block 69, a micro-nano lifting platform 610 and a lower tool rest block 611. The micro-nano motion controller is connected with a micro-nano lifting table 610 through a signal line to form a micro-nano precise adjusting system for the height of the tool nose, and the micro-nano lifting table 610 is connected with a lower tool rest block 611 through a bolt; the lower tool rest block 611 is connected with the tool rest base 62 through a dovetail-shaped guide rail 65 and a differential screw 64, the height of the lower tool rest block 611 relative to the tool rest base 62 can be roughly adjusted through the differential screw 64, and the micro-nano lifting platform 610 is driven to move up and down; the upper tool rest block 69 is connected with the upper tool rest block micro-nano lifting platform 610 through a bolt, meanwhile, the upper tool rest block 69 is connected with the tool rest base 62 through a dovetail-shaped guide rail 65 and a T-shaped groove 67, and the dovetail-shaped guide rail 65 is fixed on the tool rest base 62 through a guide rail locking screw 66. Therefore, the upper tool holder block 69 and the micro-nano lifting table 610 can move up and down under the driving of the differential screw 64 along with the lower tool holder block 611 to realize the coarse height adjustment, and meanwhile, the upper tool holder block 69 can move in a micro-nano scale mode through the micro-nano lifting table 610 to realize the precise height movement of the upper tool holder block 69 and is fixed through the tool height locking bolt 61 in the T-shaped groove 67 and the T-shaped nut; the upper tool rest block 69 is provided with a tool mounting threaded hole 68 for mounting a tool, so that the precision adjustment of the height of the tool is realized; the tool holder base 62 is connected with the marble seat 4 on the Z-axis workbench 3 through a tool holder locking bolt 63.
The auxiliary structure comprises a lathe bed 1, a Z-axis guide rail 2, a Z-axis supporting plate 3, a marble seat 4, a main shaft (C-axis) seat 17, a main shaft (C-axis) seat cushion block 18, an X-axis supporting plate 19, an X-axis guide rail 20 and a main shaft (C-axis) 21. The X-axis supporting plate 19 and the Z-axis supporting plate 3 are respectively arranged on an X-axis guide rail 20 and a Z-axis guide rail 2 on the lathe bed 1; the main shaft (C-axis) flange 14 of the main shaft (C-axis) 21 is used for mounting a test piece, and the workpiece fixture 25 and the rotary workpiece 24 are sequentially mounted on the main shaft (C-axis) flange 14; the main shaft (C axis) 21 is arranged on the main shaft (C axis) seat 17, and the main shaft (C axis) seat 17 is connected with the X axis supporting plate 19 through a main shaft (C axis) seat cushion block 18.
Further, the tool nose height detection sensor is an inductance micrometer, a laser displacement sensor, a capacitance displacement sensor and the like.
Furthermore, the jump detection sensor is an inductance micrometer, a laser displacement sensor, a capacitance displacement sensor and the like.
A method for accurately controlling and processing wall thickness errors of rotary shell parts comprises the following steps:
A. accurate control device for wall thickness error of installation and debugging part
The workpiece jumping precision detection device, the workpiece position precision adjustment device 7, the cutter point height precision detection device and the cutter point height precision adjustment device 6 are installed and fixed according to requirements.
B. Machine tool spindle height detection and tool nose height precision detection device adjustment
Installing a sample on a main shaft (C shaft) flange 14 of a main shaft (C shaft) 21, installing a cutter connecting block 22 and a cutter 23 on an upper cutter frame block 69 of a cutter point height precision adjusting device 6, roughly adjusting the height and the angle of the cutter 23, performing trial cutting on the end face of the sample, and then detecting the size of a central boss of the sample by using a high power magnifying lens; the height of a tool nose is adjusted according to the size of a boss by combining a differential screw 64 and a micro-nano lifting platform 610, the height of the tool is fixed by a tool height locking bolt 61, trial cutting, measurement and adjustment are carried out until the size of the boss at the center of a sample meets the requirement of a design error, a main controller controls an X-axis workbench 19 and a Z-axis workbench 3 of a machine tool to move along an X-axis guide rail 20 and a Z-axis guide rail 2 of the machine tool, so that the tool nose 231 of the tool 23 moves to the position below a tool nose height detection sensor 13 of a precise tool nose height detection device, the height of the tool nose height detection sensor 13 is adjusted, the height of the tool nose 231 of the tool 23 is in the range of the tool nose height detection sensor 13, the position of the tool nose height detection sensor 13 is fixed;
C. mounting the workpiece and aligning
Sequentially mounting a workpiece clamp 25 and a rotary workpiece 24 on a main shaft (C shaft) flange 14, adjusting the height positions of a jitter detection sensor 12 and a micro-nano driver 77, ensuring that the axes of the jitter detection sensor 12 and the micro-nano driver 77 are collinear, sending an instruction to a machine tool motion controller through a main controller to control an X-axis workbench 19 and a Z-axis workbench 3 of the machine tool to move along an X-axis guide rail 20 and a Z-axis guide rail 2 of the machine tool, enabling the rotation center of the workpiece 24 to pass through the centers of the jitter detection sensor 12 and the micro-nano driver 77, sending an instruction to the machine tool motion controller through the main controller to control a main shaft (C shaft) 21 of the machine tool to rotate so as to drive the workpiece clamp 25 and the rotary workpiece 24 to rotate, detecting the displacement change of the flange surface of the workpiece 24 through the jitter detection sensor 12, analyzing the measurement result of the jitter detection sensor 12 through the main controller, and controlling, meanwhile, a micro-nano drive controller of the workpiece position precision adjusting device 7 is controlled to control a micro-nano driver to move, the workpiece 24 is pushed to move, the process is repeated after the movement is finished, and the jumping of the workpiece 24 is detected and adjusted again until the jumping quantity of the workpiece 24 is smaller than or equal to a set error;
D. machining workpiece
Sending an instruction to a machine tool motion controller through a main controller to control the X-axis workbench 19 and the Z-axis workbench 3 of the machine tool to move along the X-axis guide rail 20 and the Z-axis guide rail 2 of the machine tool so as to finish the surface machining of a workpiece 24;
E. turning over the workpiece, readjusting the angle of the tool and the height of the tool tip
Turning over a workpiece 24, re-fixing the workpiece on a workpiece clamp 25, adjusting the angle of a cutter 23, sending an instruction to a machine tool motion controller through a main controller to control an X-axis workbench 19 and a Z-axis workbench 3 of a machine tool to move along an X-axis guide rail 20 and a Z-axis guide rail 2 of the machine tool, so that a cutter point 231 of the cutter 23 moves to the position below a cutter point height detection sensor 13 of a cutter point height precision detection device, adjusting the height of the cutter point 231 of the cutter 23 through a differential screw 64 and a micro-nano lifting table 610 in a combined manner, so that the reading of the cutter point height detection sensor 13 is H0, locking the height of the cutter 23 through a cutter height locking bolt 61, checking the height of the cutter point again, so that the reading of the cutter point height detection sensor 13 is H0, and otherwise, repeating;
F. workpiece realignment
C, repeating the step C to finish secondary alignment of the workpiece;
G. machining workpiece
Sending an instruction to a machine tool motion controller through a main controller to control the X-axis workbench 19 and the Z-axis workbench 3 of the machine tool to move along the X-axis guide rail 20 and the Z-axis guide rail 2 of the machine tool so as to finish the surface machining of the other side of the workpiece 24;
H. and finishing the accurate control processing of the wall thickness error of the rotary shell part.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) according to the device and the method for accurately controlling the wall thickness error of the rotary shell part, the tool tip height is detected by using the tool tip height accurate detection device, the tool tip height is accurately adjusted by using the tool tip height accurate adjustment device, the height difference between the tool tip height and the main shaft rotation center is strictly controlled, meanwhile, the workpiece jumping is detected by using the workpiece jumping accurate detection device, the position of the part is adjusted by using the workpiece position accurate adjustment device, the requirement of high coaxiality of the part rotation center and the machine tool main shaft rotation center is ensured, compared with the existing method, the contour accuracy and the wall thickness error of part processing can be effectively controlled, and the processing requirements of the high contour accuracy and the high wall thickness error of the part are met;
(2) the device and the method for accurately controlling the wall thickness error of the rotary shell part only need to check the position of a main shaft rotary center relative to a cutter point height detection device when the rotary shell part is installed for the first time, only need to check the cutter under the cutter point height detection device after the cutter is installed, replaced or adjusted in angle, and quickly finish the height adjustment of the cutter point by using the rough and precise combination of the cutter point height precise adjustment device, can realize the accurate and rapid adjustment of the cutter point height, effectively improve the contour precision and the wall thickness error of the part processing, simultaneously realize the quantification of the cutter point height relative to the main shaft rotary center height, can realize the adjustment control requirements of different cutter point heights according to the actual processing requirements, are convenient and simple to use, and are easy to realize automation;
(3) according to the device and the method for accurately controlling the wall thickness error of the rotary shell part, the high-precision jumping detection device and the workpiece position precision adjusting device are combined, so that the workpiece can be accurately and quickly aligned, and the wall thickness error is effectively controlled;
(4) the device and the method for accurately controlling the wall thickness error of the rotary shell part are convenient and quick to operate, high in precision and capable of meeting the processing requirements of high profile precision and high wall thickness error of the part, meanwhile, the method eliminates the dependence of tool tip height adjustment and part alignment process on operator skill in the processing process, and automation is easy to realize.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a device for precisely controlling and processing wall thickness errors of a rotating shell part according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a workpiece center fine-tuning device of the device for precisely controlling the wall thickness error of a rotating shell part according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a device for precisely adjusting the height of a cutting edge of a device for precisely controlling the wall thickness error of a rotating casing component according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the position of a locking mechanism of a tool tip height fine adjustment device of the device for accurately controlling the wall thickness error of a rotating casing component according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the precise adjustment of the tool tip height in inner curved surface machining according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating an accurate alignment of an inner curved surface machining workpiece according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of inner curve processing according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the precise adjustment of the tool tip height in the outer curved surface machining according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the precise alignment of the workpiece for outer curved surface machining according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of inner curve processing according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 11 is a flowchart of a method for accurately controlling and processing wall thickness errors of a rotating shell component according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: 1 lathe bed, 2Z-axis guide rails, 3Z-axis workbench, 4 marble base, 5 run-out detection device base, 6 cutter point height precision adjusting device, 7 workpiece position precision adjusting device, 8 run-out detection device column, 9 run-out detection device beam, 10 connecting plate, 11 run-out detection sensor support, 12 run-out detection sensor, 13 cutter point height detection sensor, 14 main shaft (C-axis) flange, 15 cutter point height detection device support, 16 locking bolt, 17 main shaft (C-axis) base, 18 main shaft (C-axis) base cushion block, 19X-axis workbench, 20X-axis guide rail, 21 main shaft (C-axis), 22 cutter connecting block, 23 cutter, 231 cutter point, 24 rotary type workpiece, 25 workpiece clamp, 61 cutter height locking bolt, 62 cutter frame base, 63 cutter frame locking bolt, 64 differential screw, 65 dovetail guide rail, 66 guide rail locking bolt, 67T-shaped groove, 68 cutter mounting threaded holes, 69 upper cutter frame blocks, 610 micro-nano lifting platforms, 611 lower cutter frame blocks, 71 fine adjustment screws, 72 fine adjustment device bases, 73 fine adjustment device upper moving blocks, 74 micro-nano driver supports, 75 fixing plates, 76 upper moving block locking bolts, 77 micro-nano drivers and 78 driver locking nuts.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1-11, the device for precisely controlling the wall thickness error of a rotary shell part comprises a main controller machine tool motion controller workpiece runout precision detection device, a workpiece position precision adjustment device 7, a cutter point height precision detection device, a cutter point height precision adjustment device 6 and an auxiliary structure thereof, wherein the auxiliary structure comprises a machine tool body 1, a Z-axis guide rail 2, a Z-axis supporting plate 3, a marble seat 4, a main shaft (C-axis) seat 17, a main shaft (C-axis) seat cushion 18, an X-axis supporting plate 19, an X-axis guide rail 20 and a main shaft (C-axis) 21.
The workpiece jumping precision detection device comprises a workpiece jumping detection controller, a jumping detection device base 5, a jumping detection device upright post 8, a jumping detection device cross beam 9, a connecting plate 10, a jumping detection sensor support 11 and a jumping detection sensor 12, wherein the workpiece jumping detection controller is connected with the jumping detection sensor 12 through a signal line, the jumping detection sensor 12 is arranged on the jumping detection sensor support 11 through a hole shaft in a matching way and is fixed through a bolt, the jumping detection sensor support 11 is fixedly arranged on the connecting plate 10 through a bolt and can be adjusted in a sliding way back and forth relative to the connecting plate 10, the connecting plate 10 is fixedly connected with the jumping detection device cross beam 9 through a bolt, the jumping detection device cross beam 9 is connected with the jumping detection device upright post 8 through an angle iron, and the jumping detection device upright post 8 is arranged on the jumping detection device base 5, the base 5 of the jumping detection device is connected with the marble seat 4 on the lathe bed 1 through bolts;
the workpiece position precision adjusting device 7 comprises a micro-nano driving controller, a fine adjustment screw 71, a fine adjustment device base 72, a fine adjustment device upper moving block 73, a micro-nano driver support 74, a fixing plate 75, an upper moving block locking bolt 76, a micro-nano driver 77 and a driver locking nut 78, wherein the fine adjustment device upper moving block 73 is connected with the fine adjustment device base 72 through a dovetail-shaped precision guide rail, the fine adjustment screw 71 is fixed on the fine adjustment device base 72 and used for pushing the fine adjustment device upper moving block 73 to precisely move relative to the fine adjustment device base 72, the fixing plate 75 is fixed on the fine adjustment device base 72 through a screw, the upper moving block locking bolt 76 is connected with the fine adjustment device upper moving block 73 through a screw thread, the relative positions of the fine adjustment device upper moving block 73 and the fine adjustment device base 72 can be fixed through the fixing plate 75 and the upper moving block locking bolt, The fine adjustment device comprises a fine adjustment device base 72, a fine adjustment device upper moving block 73, a fixing plate 75 and an upper moving block locking bolt 76 which jointly form a coarse adjustment part of a workpiece position fine adjustment device, a micro-nano drive controller is connected with a micro-nano driver 77 through a signal line to form a fine adjustment part of the workpiece position fine adjustment device, the micro-nano driver 77 is connected with a micro-nano driver support 74 through threads and locked through a driver locking nut 78, and the micro-nano driver support 74 is fixedly connected with a fine adjustment device upper moving block 73 through a bolt;
the precise detection device for the height of the tool nose comprises a tool nose height detection controller, a tool nose height detection sensor 13, a tool nose height detection device support 15 and a locking bolt 16, wherein the tool nose height detection controller is connected with the tool nose height detection sensor 13 through a signal line to form a precise detection system for the height of the tool nose, the tool nose height detection sensor 13 is installed in a hole of the tool nose height detection device support 15 and is locked through a bolt, and the tool nose height detection device support 15 is connected with a machine tool spindle (C shaft) support 17 through the locking bolt 16;
the tool nose height precision adjusting device 6 comprises a micro-nano motion controller, a tool height locking bolt 61, a tool rest base 62, a tool rest locking bolt 63, a differential screw 64, a dovetail-shaped guide rail 65, a guide rail locking bolt 66, a T-shaped groove 67, a tool fixing bolt 68, an upper tool rest block 69, a micro-nano lifting platform 610 and a lower tool rest block 611. Wherein, the micro-nano motion controller is connected with the micro-nano lifting platform 610 through a signal wire to form a micro-nano precise adjustment system of the height of the tool tip, the micro-nano lifting platform 610 is connected with a lower tool rest block 611 through a bolt, the lower tool rest block 611 is connected with a tool rest base 62 through a dovetail guide rail 65 and a differential screw 64, the height of the lower tool rest block 611 relative to the tool rest base 62 can be roughly adjusted through the differential screw 64, and the micro-nano lifting platform 610 is driven to move up and down, an upper tool rest block 69 is connected with the micro-nano lifting platform 610 through a bolt, the upper tool rest block 69 is connected with the tool rest base 62 through a dovetail guide rail 65 and a T-shaped groove 67, the dovetail guide rail 65 is fixed on the tool rest base 62 through a guide rail locking screw 66, therefore, the upper tool rest block 69 and the micro-nano lifting platform 610 can move up and down under the driving of the differential screw 64 along with the lower tool rest block 611, the rough height adjustment is, the upper tool rest block 69 is precisely moved in height and fixed by a tool height locking bolt 61 and a T-shaped nut in the T-shaped groove 67, and a tool mounting bolt hole is formed in the upper tool rest block 69 and used for mounting a tool, so that the precise adjustment of the tool height is realized; the tool rest base 62 is connected with the marble seat 4 on the Z-axis workbench 3 through a tool rest locking bolt 63;
as shown in fig. 1-11, a method for accurately controlling and processing wall thickness errors of a rotary shell part based on the device comprises the following steps:
A. accurate control device for wall thickness error of installation and debugging part
Installing and fixing a workpiece jumping precision detection device, a workpiece position precision adjustment device 7, a cutter point height precision detection device and a cutter point height precision adjustment device 6 according to requirements;
B. machine tool spindle height detection and tool nose height precision detection device adjustment
Installing a sample on a main shaft (C axis) flange 14 of a main shaft (C axis) 21, installing a cutter connecting block 22 and a cutter 23 on an upper cutter frame block 69 of a cutter point height precision adjusting device 6, roughly adjusting the height and angle of the cutter 23, performing trial cutting on the end surface of the sample, detecting the size of a boss at the center of the sample by using a high power magnifying glass, adjusting the height of the cutter point according to the size of the boss by combining a differential screw 64 and a micro-nano lifting platform 610, fixing the height of the cutter by using a cutter height locking bolt 61, performing trial cutting, measuring and adjusting until the size of the boss at the center of the sample meets the requirement of a design error, controlling an X axis worktable 19 and a Z axis worktable 3 of a machine tool to move along an X axis guide rail 20 and a Z axis guide rail 2 of the machine tool, so that the cutter point 231 of the cutter 23 moves to be below a cutter point height detecting sensor 13 of the cutter point height precision detecting device, and, fixing the position of the cutting edge height detection sensor 13 so that the height of the cutting edge 231 of the tool 23 is within the range of the cutting edge height detection sensor 13, and recording the output value H0 of the cutting edge height detection sensor 13 at this time;
C. mounting the workpiece and aligning
Sequentially mounting a workpiece clamp 25 and a rotary workpiece 24 on a main shaft (C shaft) flange 14, adjusting the height positions of a jump detection sensor 12 and a micro-nano driver 77, ensuring that the axes of the jump detection sensor 12 and the micro-nano driver 77 are collinear, controlling a machine tool X-axis workbench 19 and a Z-axis workbench 3 to move along an X-axis guide rail 20 and a Z-axis guide rail 2 of a machine tool through a main controller, enabling the rotary center of the workpiece 24 to pass through the centers of the jump detection sensor 12 and the micro-nano driver 77, controlling the machine tool main shaft (C shaft) 21 to rotate through the main controller to drive the workpiece clamp 25 and the rotary workpiece 24 to rotate, detecting the displacement change of the flange surface of the workpiece 24 through the jump detection sensor 12, analyzing the measurement result of the jump detection sensor 12 through the main controller, controlling the machine tool main shaft (C shaft) 21 to rotate to a specified angle according to the analysis result, and simultaneously controlling the micro-nano driver of a The workpiece 24 is pushed to move, the process is repeated after the movement is finished, and the jumping of the workpiece 24 is detected and adjusted again until the jumping quantity of the workpiece 24 is smaller than or equal to the set error;
D. machining workpiece
The main controller controls the X-axis workbench 19 and the Z-axis workbench 3 of the machine tool to move along the X-axis guide rail 20 and the Z-axis guide rail 2 of the machine tool, so as to finish the surface machining of a workpiece 24;
E. turning over the workpiece, readjusting the angle of the tool and the height of the tool tip
Turning over a workpiece 24, re-fixing the workpiece on a workpiece clamp 25, adjusting the angle of a cutter 23, controlling an X-axis workbench 19 and a Z-axis workbench 3 of a machine tool to move along an X-axis guide rail 20 and a Z-axis guide rail 2 of the machine tool through a main controller, enabling a cutter point 231 of the cutter 23 to move to the position below a cutter point height detection sensor 13 of a cutter point height precision detection device, jointly adjusting a differential screw 64 and a micro-nano lifting table 610 to adjust the height of the cutter point 231 of the cutter 23, enabling the reading of the cutter point height detection sensor 13 to be H0, locking the height of the cutter 23 through a cutter height locking bolt 61, checking the height of the cutter point again, enabling the reading of the cutter point height detection sensor 13 to be H0, and otherwise, repeating the steps to adjust;
F. workpiece realignment
C, repeating the step C to finish secondary alignment of the workpiece;
G. machining workpiece
Controlling the X-axis workbench 19 and the Z-axis workbench 3 of the machine tool to move along the X-axis guide rail 20 and the Z-axis guide rail 2 of the machine tool through a main controller to finish the surface machining of the other side of the workpiece 24;
H. finish the accurate control processing of the wall thickness error of the rotary shell part
The knife tip height detection sensor is a capacitance displacement sensor. The jumping detection sensor is a laser displacement sensor or a capacitance displacement sensor.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express the embodiments of the present invention, but not should be understood as the limitation of the scope of the invention patent, it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, many variations and modifications can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all fall into the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A precise control processing device for wall thickness errors of parts of a rotary shell is characterized by comprising a workpiece jumping precise detection device, a workpiece position precise adjustment device, a cutter point height precise detection device, a cutter point height precise adjustment device (6), a main controller and an auxiliary structure thereof;
the workpiece jumping precision detection device comprises a workpiece jumping detection controller, a jumping detection device base (5), a jumping detection device upright post (8), a jumping detection device cross beam (9), a connecting plate (10), a jumping detection sensor support (11) and a jumping detection sensor (12); the workpiece jumping detection controller is connected with a jumping detection sensor (12), and the jumping detection sensor (12) is installed on a jumping detection sensor support (11) in a matched mode through a hole shaft and is fixed through a bolt; the bounce detection sensor support (11) is fixedly arranged on a connecting plate (10) and can be adjusted in a front-back sliding mode relative to the connecting plate (10), the connecting plate (10) is fixedly connected with a bounce detection device cross beam (9), the bounce detection device cross beam (9) is arranged on a bounce detection device upright post (8), the bounce detection device upright post (8) is arranged on a bounce detection device base (5), and the bounce detection device base (5) is arranged on a marble seat (4) above the lathe bed (1);
the workpiece position precision adjusting device (7) comprises a micro-nano driving controller, a micro-adjusting screw rod (71), a micro-adjusting device base (72), a micro-adjusting device upper moving block (73), a micro-nano driver support (74), a fixing plate (75) and a micro-nano driver (77); the fine adjustment device is characterized in that the moving block (73) on the fine adjustment device is connected with the fine adjustment device base (72) through a dovetail-shaped precision guide rail, and the fine adjustment screw (71) is fixed on the fine adjustment device base (72) and used for pushing the moving block (73) on the fine adjustment device to precisely move relative to the fine adjustment device base (72); the fine adjustment device comprises a fine adjustment device base (72), a fixing plate (75), an upper moving block locking bolt (76), an upper moving block locking bolt (73), a fine adjustment device upper moving block locking bolt (76), a fine adjustment screw (71), the fine adjustment device base (72), the fine adjustment device upper moving block (73), the fixing plate (75) and the upper moving block locking bolt (76) jointly form a coarse adjustment part of a workpiece position fine adjustment device, wherein the fine adjustment device upper moving block (73) is connected with the fine adjustment device upper moving block locking bolt (76); the micro-nano driving controller is connected with a micro-nano driver (77) to form a precise adjusting part of the workpiece position precise adjusting device; the micro-nano driver (77) is connected with the micro-nano driver support (74) and locked by a driver locking nut (78), and the micro-nano driver support (74) is fixedly connected with a moving block (73) on the fine adjustment device;
the precise detecting device for the height of the cutter point comprises a cutter point height detecting controller, a cutter point height detecting sensor (13) and a cutter point height detecting device support (15); the cutter point height detection controller is communicated with the cutter point height detection sensor (13) to form a cutter point height precision detection system; the tool nose height detection sensor (13) is arranged in a hole of a tool nose height detection device support (15) and is locked through a bolt, and the tool nose height detection device support (15) is connected with a machine tool spindle seat (17);
the tool nose height precision adjusting device (6) comprises a micro-nano motion controller, a tool rest base (62), a differential screw (64), a dovetail guide rail (65), a T-shaped groove (67), an upper tool rest block (69), a micro-nano lifting platform (610) and a lower tool rest block (611); the micro-nano motion controller is connected with a micro-nano lifting table (610) to form a micro-nano precise adjusting system for the height of the tool nose, and the micro-nano lifting table (610) is connected with a lower tool rest block (611); the lower tool rest block (611) is connected with the tool rest base (62) through a dovetail-shaped guide rail (65) and a differential screw (64), the height of the lower tool rest block (611) relative to the tool rest base (62) can be roughly adjusted through the differential screw (64), and the micro-nano lifting platform (610) is driven to move up and down; the upper tool rest block (69) is connected with the upper tool rest block micro-nano lifting platform (610), meanwhile, the upper tool rest block (69) is connected with the tool rest base (62) through a dovetail-shaped guide rail (65) and a T-shaped groove (67), and the dovetail-shaped guide rail (65) is fixed on the tool rest base (62); therefore, the upper tool rest block (69) and the micro-nano lifting table (610) move up and down along with the lower tool rest block (611) under the drive of the differential screw (64) to realize coarse height adjustment, and meanwhile, the upper tool rest block (69) moves in a micro-nano scale mode through the micro-nano lifting table (610) to realize precise height movement of the upper tool rest block (69) and is fixed through a tool height locking bolt (61) in the T-shaped groove (67) and a T-shaped nut; a cutter mounting threaded hole (68) is formed in the upper tool rest block (69); the knife rest base (62) is arranged on the marble seat (4);
the main controller is respectively connected with the workpiece jumping detection controller, the micro-nano driving controller, the machine tool motion controller, the tool nose height detection controller and the micro-nano motion controller and is used for coordinately controlling the motion and the function of each part in the machining process;
the auxiliary structure comprises a lathe bed (1), a Z-axis guide rail (2), a Z-axis supporting plate (3), a main shaft seat (17), an X-axis supporting plate (19), an X-axis guide rail (20) and a main shaft (21); the X-axis supporting plate (19) and the Z-axis supporting plate (3) are respectively arranged on an X-axis guide rail (20) and a Z-axis guide rail (2), and the spindle seat (17) is connected with the X-axis supporting plate (19) through a spindle seat cushion block (18); a main shaft flange (14) of the main shaft (21) is used for mounting a test piece, and a workpiece clamp (25) and a rotary workpiece (24) are sequentially mounted on the main shaft flange (14).
2. The device for precisely controlling and processing the wall thickness error of the rotary shell part according to claim 1, wherein the tool tip height detection sensor is an inductance micrometer, a laser displacement sensor or a capacitance displacement sensor.
3. The device for precisely controlling and processing the wall thickness error of the rotary shell part as claimed in claim 1, wherein the run-out detection sensor is an electrical micrometer, a laser displacement sensor or a capacitance displacement sensor.
4. A method for accurately controlling and processing wall thickness error of a rotary shell part based on the processing device of any one of claims 1 to 3, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
A. accurate control device for wall thickness error of installation and debugging part
A workpiece jumping precision detection device, a workpiece position precision adjustment device (7), a cutter point height precision detection device and a cutter point height precision adjustment device (6) are installed and fixed according to requirements;
B. machine tool spindle height detection and tool nose height precision detection device adjustment
Firstly, a sample is installed on a main shaft flange (14) of a main shaft (21), a cutter connecting block (22) and a cutter (23) are installed on an upper cutter frame block (69) of a cutter point height precision adjusting device (6), the height and the angle of the cutter (23) are roughly adjusted, the end face of the sample is subjected to trial cutting, and then a high power magnifying lens is adopted to detect the size of a boss at the center of the sample;
secondly, adjusting the height of a tool nose (231) of the tool (23), fixing the height of the tool through a tool height locking bolt (61), and performing trial cutting, measurement and adjustment until the size of a central boss of the sample meets the requirement of design error; controlling an X-axis workbench (19) and a Z-axis workbench (3) of the machine tool to move along an X-axis guide rail (20) and a Z-axis guide rail (2) of the machine tool through a main controller, moving a tool tip (231) to the position below a tool tip height detection sensor (13), adjusting the height of the tool tip height detection sensor (13), enabling the height of the tool tip (231) of a tool (23) to be within the range of the tool tip height detection sensor (13), fixing the position of the tool tip height detection sensor (13), and recording the output value H0 of the tool tip height detection sensor (13) at the moment;
C. mounting the workpiece and aligning
Firstly, a workpiece clamp (25) and a rotary workpiece (24) are sequentially arranged on a main shaft flange (14), the height positions of a bounce detection sensor (12) and a micro-nano driver (77) are adjusted, and the axes of the bounce detection sensor (12) and the micro-nano driver (77) are ensured to be collinear;
secondly, sending instructions to a machine tool motion controller through a main controller to control an X-axis workbench (19) and a Z-axis workbench (3) of the machine tool to move along an X-axis guide rail (20) and a Z-axis guide rail (2) of the machine tool, so that the rotation center of a workpiece (24) passes through the centers of a jump detection sensor (12) and a micro-nano driver (77); sending an instruction to a machine tool motion controller through a main controller to control a machine tool spindle (21) to rotate so as to drive a workpiece clamp (25) and a rotary workpiece (24) to rotate, detecting the displacement change of the flange surface of the workpiece (24) through a jump detection sensor (12), and analyzing the measurement result of the jump detection sensor (12) through the main controller;
finally, controlling the machine tool spindle (21) to rotate to a specified angle according to the analysis result, and simultaneously controlling a micro-nano driving controller of the workpiece position precision adjusting device (7) to control a micro-nano driver to move so as to push the workpiece (24) to move; after the movement is finished, the process is repeated, and the jumping of the workpiece (24) is detected and adjusted again until the jumping quantity of the workpiece (24) is less than or equal to a set error;
D. machining workpiece
Sending an instruction to a machine tool motion controller through a main controller to control an X-axis workbench (19) and a Z-axis workbench (3) of the machine tool to move along an X-axis guide rail (20) and a Z-axis guide rail (2) of the machine tool, and finishing the surface machining of a workpiece (24);
E. turning over the workpiece, readjusting the angle of the tool and the height of the tool tip
Turning over a workpiece (24), fixing the workpiece on a workpiece clamp (25) again, adjusting the angle of a cutter (23), sending an instruction to a machine tool motion controller through a main controller, and controlling an X-axis workbench (19) and a Z-axis workbench (3) of the machine tool to move along an X-axis guide rail (20) and a Z-axis guide rail (2) of the machine tool so that a cutter point (231) moves below a cutter point height detection sensor (13); the height of the tool nose (231) is adjusted through a differential screw (64) and a micro-nano lifting platform (610), so that the reading of a tool nose height detection sensor (13) is H0, the height of a tool (23) is locked through a tool height locking bolt (61), the height of the tool nose is checked again, the reading of the tool nose height detection sensor (13) is H0, and otherwise, the steps are repeated for adjustment;
F. workpiece realignment
C, repeating the step C to finish secondary alignment of the workpiece;
G. machining workpiece
Sending an instruction to a machine tool motion controller through a main controller, and controlling an X-axis workbench (19) and a Z-axis workbench (3) of the machine tool to move along an X-axis guide rail (20) and a Z-axis guide rail (2) of the machine tool to finish surface machining of the other side of a workpiece (24);
H. and finishing the accurate control processing of the wall thickness error of the rotary shell part.
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