CN111709108A - Analysis method and system of pollution reduction based on big data - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了基于大数据的污染减排分析方法和系统，方法包括以下步骤：获取排水系统数据；根据排水系统数据和预设排水系统水力模型，得到输出结果；根据输出结果和预设第一阈值，通过大数据分析提供至少一解决方案；根据解决方案、预设第二阈值和预设排水系统水力模型，确定最终解决方案；其中，预设第一阈值包括污水收集率阈值、分流率阈值、污染物负荷阈值、径流量阈值、溢流率阈值的至少一个，预设第二阈值为合流制排入水体污染物负荷不大于分流制排入水体污染物负荷。通过本发明能提供有效的最终解决方案，能够有效解决合流制排入水体污染物负荷的减排问题。本发明可广泛应用于水环境治理技术领域。
The invention discloses a pollution reduction analysis method and system based on big data. The method includes the following steps: acquiring drainage system data; obtaining an output result according to the drainage system data and a preset drainage system hydraulic model; threshold, at least one solution is provided through big data analysis; the final solution is determined according to the solution, the preset second threshold and the preset hydraulic model of the drainage system; wherein, the preset first threshold includes a sewage collection rate threshold and a diversion rate threshold , at least one of a pollutant load threshold, a runoff threshold, and an overflow rate threshold, and the preset second threshold is that the pollutant load discharged into the water body by the confluence system is not greater than the pollutant load discharged into the water body by the diversion system. The present invention can provide an effective final solution, and can effectively solve the problem of reducing the pollutant load discharged into the water body by the combined system. The invention can be widely used in the technical field of water environment treatment.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及水环境治理领域，尤其是一种基于大数据的污染减排分析方法和系统。The invention relates to the field of water environment treatment, in particular to a pollution reduction analysis method and system based on big data.
背景技术Background technique
由于我国排水行业的研究起步较晚，大部分排水行业仍然采用传统的分析方法进行水力模拟。目前，随着排水系统动态模型的研究逐渐出现，大部分排水行业开始逐渐从传统的分析方法向现代水力模拟分析方法过渡，然而，目前的分析方法仅能对水力进行模拟，并未能从水力模拟中发现问题和提供有效的解决方案，其中，包括污染物减排的问题，未能提出有效的解决方案。Due to the late start of research on drainage industry in my country, most drainage industries still use traditional analysis methods for hydraulic simulation. At present, with the gradual emergence of research on dynamic models of drainage systems, most drainage industries have begun to transition from traditional analysis methods to modern hydraulic simulation analysis methods. The simulation found problems and provided effective solutions, which, including the problem of pollutant reduction, failed to propose effective solutions.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
有鉴于此，为了解决上述技术问题，本发明的目的是提供有效解决污染物减排问题的基于大数据的污染减排分析方法。In view of this, in order to solve the above technical problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a big data-based pollution reduction analysis method that effectively solves the problem of pollutant reduction.
本发明采用的技术方案是：基于大数据的污染减排分析方法，包括以下步骤：获取排水系统数据；The technical scheme adopted in the present invention is: a pollution reduction analysis method based on big data, comprising the following steps: acquiring drainage system data;
根据排水系统数据和预设排水系统水力模型，得到输出结果；According to the drainage system data and the preset drainage system hydraulic model, the output results are obtained;
根据输出结果和预设第一阈值，通过大数据分析提供至少一解决方案；Provide at least one solution through big data analysis according to the output result and the preset first threshold;
根据解决方案、预设第二阈值和预设排水系统水力模型，确定最终解决方案；Determine the final solution according to the solution, preset second threshold and preset drainage system hydraulic model;
其中，预设第一阈值包括污水收集率阈值、分流率阈值、污染物负荷阈值、径流量阈值、溢流率阈值的至少一个，预设第二阈值为合流制排入水体污染物负荷不大于分流制排入水体污染物负荷，排水系统数据包括历史降雨数据。The preset first threshold value includes at least one of a sewage collection rate threshold value, a diversion rate threshold value, a pollutant load threshold value, a runoff threshold value, and an overflow rate threshold value, and the preset second threshold value is that the pollutant load discharged into the water body by the combined system is not greater than The diversion system discharges pollutant loads into the water body, and the drainage system data includes historical rainfall data.
进一步，还包括以下步骤：建立预设排水系统水力模型，包括以下步骤：Further, it also includes the following steps: establishing a hydraulic model of a preset drainage system, including the following steps:
获取模型建立数据；Get model building data;
根据模型建立数据，通过Infoworks ICM建立预设排水系统水力模型；According to the data established by the model, the hydraulic model of the preset drainage system is established through Infoworks ICM;
其中，模型建立数据包括排水管网GIS数据、河道数据、污染源人口数据、泵站数据、工商废水数据、水位监测数据、调蓄池数据、流量监测数据、溢流口检测数据、污水处理厂数据、下垫面数据。Among them, the model building data includes drainage pipe network GIS data, river data, pollution source population data, pumping station data, industrial and commercial wastewater data, water level monitoring data, adjustment storage tank data, flow monitoring data, overflow detection data, and sewage treatment plant data. , underlying surface data.
进一步，所述根据模型建立数据，通过Infoworks ICM建立预设排水系统水力模型的步骤中，包括以下步骤：Further, in the step of establishing a hydraulic model of a preset drainage system through Infoworks ICM according to the model establishment data, the following steps are included:
将排水管网GIS数据、河道数据、泵站数据、水位监测数据、流量监测数据、溢流口检测数据、污水处理厂数据、工商废水数据导入预设数据模型；Import the drainage pipe network GIS data, river data, pumping station data, water level monitoring data, flow monitoring data, overflow detection data, sewage treatment plant data, industrial and commercial wastewater data into the preset data model;
根据排水管网拓扑数据、地形高程数据，进行集水区域的分割，得到污水集水分区与雨水集水分区；According to the drainage pipe network topology data and terrain elevation data, the water catchment area is divided to obtain the sewage catchment area and the rainwater catchment area;
根据泰森多边形对污水集水分区和雨水集水分区分割成若干个子集水区，并将污染源人口数据和下垫面数据导入子集水区，得到初级排水系统水力模型；According to the Thiessen polygon, the sewage catchment area and the rainwater catchment area are divided into several sub-catchment areas, and the pollution source population data and underlying surface data are imported into the sub-catchment areas to obtain the hydraulic model of the primary drainage system;
对初级排水系统水力模型进行校核，得到预设排水系统水力模型；Check the hydraulic model of the primary drainage system to obtain the hydraulic model of the preset drainage system;
其中，模型建立数据还包括排水管网拓扑数据、地形高程数据。Among them, the model establishment data also includes drainage pipe network topology data and terrain elevation data.
进一步，所述对初级排水系统水力模型进行校核，得到预设排水系统水力模型的步骤中，包括以下步骤：Further, the step of checking the hydraulic model of the primary drainage system to obtain a preset hydraulic model of the drainage system includes the following steps:
将预设数量旱天的流量监测数据和降雨天的流量监测数据，导入至初级排水系统水力模型；Import the preset quantity of flow monitoring data for dry days and flow monitoring data for rainy days into the hydraulic model of the primary drainage system;
根据预设标准、初级排水系统水力模型输出结果和历史流量监测数据，进行参数调整，得到预设排水系统水力模型；According to the preset standard, the output results of the hydraulic model of the primary drainage system and the historical flow monitoring data, the parameters are adjusted to obtain the hydraulic model of the preset drainage system;
其中，流量监测数据包括历史流量监测数据和预设数量旱天的流量监测数据和降雨天的流量监测数据。The flow monitoring data includes historical flow monitoring data and a preset number of flow monitoring data on dry days and flow monitoring data on rainy days.
进一步，还包括以下步骤：Further, the following steps are also included:
检测模型建立数据是否存在缺失，若存在，获取缺失数据并导入预设数据模型；Detect whether the model building data is missing, and if so, obtain the missing data and import the preset data model;
其中，模型建立数据还包括缺失数据，缺失数据包括雷达探测数据或通过CCTV获取的实际测量数据、内窥检测数据、排水管网施工图纸数据的至少一种。The model establishment data also includes missing data, and the missing data includes at least one of radar detection data or actual measurement data obtained through CCTV, endoscopic detection data, and drainage pipe network construction drawing data.
进一步，所述获取排水系统数据的步骤中，包括：Further, in the step of obtaining drainage system data, the steps include:
获取典型年连续降雨分析结果和获取特征设计降雨分析结果；Obtain typical annual continuous rainfall analysis results and obtain characteristic design rainfall analysis results;
其中，获取典型年连续降雨分析结果的步骤为：Among them, the steps to obtain the analysis results of typical annual continuous rainfall are:
获取以分钟或小时为单位的预设时间阈值的历史降雨数据；Get historical rainfall data for preset time thresholds in minutes or hours;
根据历史降雨数据，得到月均降雨量和月均降雨天数；According to the historical rainfall data, the monthly average rainfall and the monthly average rainfall days are obtained;
根据月均降雨量和月均降雨天数，得到由降雨典型月组成的典型年连续降雨分析结果；According to the average monthly rainfall and the average monthly rainfall days, the analysis results of the typical annual continuous rainfall composed of typical rainfall months are obtained;
获取特征设计降雨分析结果的步骤为：The steps to obtain the results of the feature design rainfall analysis are:
获取以分钟或小时为单位的预设时间阈值的历史降雨数据；Get historical rainfall data for preset time thresholds in minutes or hours;
根据预设时间间隔、预设降水量区间将历史降雨数据进行分类统计，获得预设降水量区间的降雨次数和频率分布结果；Classify the historical rainfall data according to the preset time interval and preset precipitation interval, and obtain the results of rainfall frequency and frequency distribution in the preset precipitation interval;
根据降雨次数和频率分布结果，通过SCS模型合成得到特征降雨量与降雨历时统计结果；According to the results of rainfall frequency and frequency distribution, the statistical results of characteristic rainfall and rainfall duration are obtained by synthesizing the SCS model;
其中，排水系统数据包括典型年连续降雨分析结果和特征设计降雨分析结果。Among them, the drainage system data includes the typical annual continuous rainfall analysis results and the characteristic design rainfall analysis results.
进一步，所述根据排水系统数据和预设排水系统水力模型，得到输出结果的步骤中，具体为：Further, in the step of obtaining the output result according to the drainage system data and the preset hydraulic model of the drainage system, specifically:
将典型年连续降雨分析结果和特征设计降雨分析结果导入预设排水系统水力模型，得到输出结果；Import the typical annual continuous rainfall analysis results and the characteristic design rainfall analysis results into the hydraulic model of the preset drainage system to obtain the output results;
其中，排水系统数据包括典型年连续降雨分析结果和特征设计降雨分析结果，输出结果包括污水收集率、分流率、污染物负荷、径流量、溢流率的至少一种。The drainage system data includes typical annual continuous rainfall analysis results and characteristic design rainfall analysis results, and the output results include at least one of sewage collection rate, diversion rate, pollutant load, runoff, and overflow rate.
进一步，所述根据解决方案、预设第二阈值和预设排水系统水力模型，确定最终解决方案步骤中，包括：Further, the step of determining the final solution according to the solution, the preset second threshold and the preset hydraulic model of the drainage system includes:
将解决方案的具体数据导入预设排水系统水力模型，得到更新输出结果；Import the specific data of the solution into the hydraulic model of the preset drainage system to get the updated output results;
判断更新输出结果是否满足预设第二阈值，若不满足预设第二阈值，采用另一解决方案，并根据另一解决方案的具体数据返回将解决方案的具体数据导入预设排水系统水力模型的步骤，导入预设排水系统水力模型，得到更新输出结果的步骤，直至更新输出结果满足预设第二阈值，确定最终解决方案；Determine whether the update output result satisfies the preset second threshold, if not, adopt another solution, and return the specific data of the solution according to the specific data of the other solution and import the specific data of the solution into the hydraulic model of the preset drainage system step, importing the preset hydraulic model of the drainage system, and obtaining the updated output result, until the updated output result meets the preset second threshold, and determines the final solution;
其中，更新输出结果包括合流制排入水体污染物负荷和分流制排入水体污染物负荷，解决方案具有具体的数据，具体的数据包括工程项目数据。Among them, the update output results include the pollutant load discharged into the water body by the combined system and the pollutant load discharged into the water body by the diversion system. The solution has specific data, and the specific data includes engineering project data.
本发明还提供，基于大数据的污染减排分析系统，包括：The present invention also provides a pollution reduction analysis system based on big data, including:
获取模块，用于获取排水系统数据；The acquisition module is used to acquire the drainage system data;
输出模块，用于根据排水系统数据和预设排水系统水力模型，得到输出结果；The output module is used to obtain the output results according to the drainage system data and the preset drainage system hydraulic model;
分析模块，用于根据输出结果和预设第一阈值，通过大数据分析提供至少一解决方案；an analysis module, configured to provide at least one solution through big data analysis according to the output result and the preset first threshold;
确定模块，用于根据解决方案、预设第二阈值和预设排水系统水力模型，确定最终解决方案；A determination module for determining the final solution according to the solution, the preset second threshold and the preset hydraulic model of the drainage system;
其中，预设第一阈值包括污水收集率阈值、分流率阈值、污染物负荷阈值、径流量阈值、溢流率阈值的至少一个，预设第二阈值为合流制排入水体污染物负荷不大于分流制排入水体污染物负荷，，排水系统数据包括历史降雨数据。The preset first threshold value includes at least one of a sewage collection rate threshold value, a diversion rate threshold value, a pollutant load threshold value, a runoff threshold value, and an overflow rate threshold value, and the preset second threshold value is that the pollutant load discharged into the water body by the combined system is not greater than The diversion system discharges pollutant loads into the water body, and the drainage system data includes historical rainfall data.
本发明的有益效果是：根据排水系统数据和预设排水系统水力模型，得到输出结果，根据预设第一阈值和输出结果，能够对输出结果存在的问题进行评估，通过大数据分析提供至少一解决方案，能够根据输出结果存在的问题提供具体的解决方案，根据解决方案、预设第二阈值和预设排水系统水力模型，确定最终解决方案，能够验证解决方案是否达到标准，提供有效的最终解决方案，能够有效解决合流制排入水体污染物负荷的减排问题。The beneficial effects of the present invention are: according to the drainage system data and the preset drainage system hydraulic model, the output result can be obtained, according to the preset first threshold value and the output result, the problems existing in the output result can be evaluated, and at least one information can be provided through big data analysis. Solution, can provide specific solutions according to the problems existing in the output results, determine the final solution according to the solution, the preset second threshold and the preset hydraulic model of the drainage system, can verify whether the solution meets the standard, and provide an effective final solution. The solution can effectively solve the emission reduction problem of the pollutant load discharged into the water body by the combined system.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明方法的步骤流程示意图；Fig. 1 is the step flow schematic diagram of the inventive method;
图2为本发明具体实施例的步骤流程示意图。FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of steps according to a specific embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合说明书附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步解释和说明。对于本发明实施例中的步骤编号，其仅为了便于阐述说明而设置，对步骤之间的顺序不做任何限定，实施例中的各步骤的执行顺序均可根据本领域技术人员的理解来进行适应性调整。The present invention will be further explained and illustrated below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments of the description. The step numbers in the embodiments of the present invention are set only for the convenience of elaboration, and the sequence between the steps is not limited, and the execution sequence of the steps in the embodiments can be performed according to the understanding of those skilled in the art Adaptive adjustment.
如图1所示，基于大数据的污染减排分析方法，包括以下步骤：As shown in Figure 1, the analysis method of pollution reduction based on big data includes the following steps:
获取排水系统数据；Obtain drainage system data;
根据排水系统数据和预设排水系统水力模型，得到输出结果；According to the drainage system data and the preset drainage system hydraulic model, the output results are obtained;
根据输出结果和预设第一阈值，通过大数据分析提供至少一解决方案；Provide at least one solution through big data analysis according to the output result and the preset first threshold;
根据解决方案、预设第二阈值和预设排水系统水力模型，确定最终解决方案；Determine the final solution according to the solution, preset second threshold and preset drainage system hydraulic model;
其中，预设第一阈值包括污水收集率阈值、分流率阈值、污染物负荷阈值、径流量阈值、溢流率阈值的至少一个，预设第二阈值为合流制排入水体污染物负荷不大于分流制排入水体污染物负荷。The preset first threshold value includes at least one of a sewage collection rate threshold value, a diversion rate threshold value, a pollutant load threshold value, a runoff threshold value, and an overflow rate threshold value, and the preset second threshold value is that the pollutant load discharged into the water body by the combined system is not greater than The diversion system discharges pollutant loads into the water body.
如图2所示，在本实施例中，具体地，包括以下步骤：As shown in Figure 2, in this embodiment, specifically, the following steps are included:
1)数据收集；1) data collection;
收集的数据包括排水系统数据和模型建立数据；The data collected includes drainage system data and modelling data;
其中，模型建立数据包括待分析的排水区域内的排水管网GIS数据、河道数据(包括合流制排水体制区域进入水体的合流水量数据、分流制排水体制区域进入水体的雨水量数据、合流制排水体制区域进入水体污染物浓度数据、分流制排水体制区域进入水体雨水污染物浓度数据)、泵站数据、工商废水数据、水位监测数据、流量监测数据、溢流口检测数据、污水处理厂数据(包括合流制排水体制区域进入水体的污水处理厂出水量数据、合流制排水体制区域进入水体污水厂出水污染物浓度数据、分流制排水体制区域进入水体的污水处理厂出水量数据、分流制排水体制区域进入水体污水厂出水污染物浓度数据)、居民排水数据、排水管网拓扑数据和水位、流量数据、地形高程数据、下垫面数据、调蓄池数据、缺失数据(包括雷达探测数据或通过CCTV获取的实际测量数据、内窥检测数据、排水管网施工图纸数据)；其中，水体可以为河、湖。Among them, the model establishment data includes the GIS data of the drainage pipe network in the drainage area to be analyzed, and the river data (including the combined water volume data entering the water body from the combined drainage system area, the rainwater volume data entering the water body from the divided drainage system area, and the combined drainage system drainage system). Concentration data of pollutants entering the water body from the institutional area, data of pollutant concentration of rainwater entering the water body from the diversion system and drainage system area), pumping station data, industrial and commercial wastewater data, water level monitoring data, flow monitoring data, overflow detection data, sewage treatment plant data ( Including the effluent data of the sewage treatment plant entering the water body from the combined drainage system area, the pollutant concentration data of the sewage plant effluent entering the water body from the combined drainage system area, the effluent data of the sewage treatment plant entering the water body from the divided drainage system area, and the divided drainage system Regional entry water body sewage plant effluent pollutant concentration data), residential drainage data, drainage pipe network topology data and water level, flow data, terrain elevation data, underlying surface data, storage tank data, missing data (including radar detection data or through The actual measurement data, endoscopic detection data, and construction drawing data of the drainage pipe network obtained by CCTV); among them, the water body can be a river or a lake.
排水系统数据包括历史降雨数据、典型年连续降雨分析结果和特征设计降雨分析结果；Drainage system data includes historical rainfall data, typical year continuous rainfall analysis results and characteristic design rainfall analysis results;
其中，上述收集的数据可以通过数据标准映射文件的方式建立和存储，供系统自动导入或手动导入。The above-mentioned collected data can be established and stored in the form of a data standard mapping file for automatic import or manual import by the system.
2)根据降雨资料进行典型年连续降雨分析、特征设计降雨分析；2) Carry out typical annual continuous rainfall analysis and characteristic design rainfall analysis according to rainfall data;
典型年连续降雨分析步骤：Typical annual continuous rainfall analysis steps:
1.收集待分析排水区域中心雨量站预设时间阈值(本实施例中为10年，且包括10年的分钟或小时的历史降雨数据作为样本，进行月降雨总量和降雨天数的统计，得到样本的月均降雨量和月均降雨天数；1. Collect the preset time threshold of the central rainfall station in the drainage area to be analyzed (10 years in this embodiment, and include 10 years of minutes or hours of historical rainfall data as samples, carry out the statistics of the total monthly rainfall and the number of rainfall days, and obtain Average monthly rainfall and average monthly rainfall days of the sample;
2.在样本中选取和月均降雨量、月均降雨天数最接近的月份，作为降雨典型月，并作重新组合，组成人工虚拟的典型降雨年，即得到典型年连续降雨分析结果，代表多年平均的降雨特征。2. Select the month closest to the average monthly rainfall and average monthly rainfall days in the sample as the typical rainfall month, and recombine them to form an artificial virtual typical rainfall year, that is, the continuous rainfall analysis result of the typical year is obtained, representing many years Average rainfall characteristics.
特征设计降雨分析步骤:Feature Design Rainfall Analysis Steps:
1.收集待分析区域中心雨量站预设时间阈值(本实施例中为10年，且包括10年的分钟或小时的历史降雨数据，按照预设时间间隔为12h定义一场降雨，进行降雨量与降雨历时的统计分析；1. Collect the preset time threshold of the central rainfall station in the area to be analyzed (in this embodiment, it is 10 years, and includes 10 years of historical rainfall data in minutes or hours, define a rainfall according to the preset time interval of 12h, and conduct rainfall Statistical analysis of rainfall duration;
2.将统计分析的降雨量与降雨历时数据按照5个预设降水量区间0-5mm，5-10mm，10-20mm，20-30mm，30-45mm，45mm以上进行区间分类统计，获得各个区间的降雨次数以及频率分布，并得到不同降雨区间的频率分布，以各个区间的中值雨量计算得到的降雨历时作为本区间的特征降雨量与降雨历时，得到初步结果；2. The statistical analysis of rainfall and rainfall duration data are classified according to the 5 preset precipitation intervals of 0-5mm, 5-10mm, 10-20mm, 20-30mm, 30-45mm, and above 45mm, and each interval is obtained. The number and frequency distribution of rainfall, and the frequency distribution of different rainfall intervals are obtained, and the rainfall duration calculated from the median rainfall of each interval is used as the characteristic rainfall and rainfall duration of this interval, and preliminary results are obtained;
3.采用SCS模型合成6个降雨区间初步结果，获取特征降雨量与降雨历时统计结果。3. Use the SCS model to synthesize the preliminary results of 6 rainfall intervals, and obtain the statistical results of characteristic rainfall and rainfall duration.
3)地表径流污染物浓度变化分析；3) Analysis of changes in the concentration of pollutants in surface runoff;
1.通过人工取样或者自动取样，获取城市已建成区、城市新建成区典型合流制溢流口、分流制雨水排放口的监测数据，其中监测数据为通过监测6场以上不同降雨条件下间隔5min的水质浓度数据，其中不同降雨条件指的是不同降雨指的是短历时大雨、短历时中雨、短历时小雨、长历时大雨、长历时中雨、长历时小雨。1. Through manual sampling or automatic sampling, the monitoring data of typical confluence-system overflow outlets and diversion-system rainwater discharge outlets in urban built-up areas and newly-built urban areas can be obtained. The monitoring data is obtained by monitoring more than 6 fields under different rainfall conditions at intervals of 5 minutes. The different rainfall conditions refer to different rainfalls: short-duration heavy rain, short-duration moderate rain, short-duration light rain, long-duration heavy rain, long-duration moderate rain, and long-duration light rain.
2.根据监测数据，得到降雨时间与水质浓度变化的关系：2. According to the monitoring data, the relationship between rainfall time and water quality concentration change is obtained:
通过降雨历时与水质浓度变化的关系曲线和模型模拟得出溢流量-时间变化曲线相拟合进行溢流污染物总量(负荷)的分析计算；Analyze and calculate the total amount (load) of overflow pollutants by fitting the relationship curve between rainfall duration and water quality concentration change and model simulation to get the overflow volume-time change curve;
4)利用收集的数据建立预设排水系统水力模型；4) Use the collected data to establish a hydraulic model of the preset drainage system;
根据Infoworks ICM工具的数据模型建立，包括以下步骤：Based on the data model of the Infoworks ICM tool, it includes the following steps:
S1：将排水管网GIS数据、河道数据、泵站数据、水位监测数据、流量监测数据、溢流口检测数据、污水处理厂数据、工商废水数据导入预设数据模型(Infoworks ICM本身所含有)；S1: Import the drainage pipe network GIS data, river data, pumping station data, water level monitoring data, flow monitoring data, overflow detection data, sewage treatment plant data, industrial and commercial wastewater data into the preset data model (contained in Infoworks ICM itself) ;
S2：检测是否存在数据缺失，如检测到前面步骤所添加的数据存在缺失，导入缺失数据，以保证数据的完整性，例如若存在数据关系不明的管网，根据管网施工图纸数据、内窥检测数据或采取现场踏勘的方式进行数据的导入，保证模型的管网连接关系清晰；S2: Detect whether there is missing data. If it is detected that the data added in the previous step is missing, import the missing data to ensure the integrity of the data. Detect data or import data by way of on-site reconnaissance to ensure that the connection relationship between the pipeline network of the model is clear;
S3：根据排水管网拓扑数据、待分析区域的地形高程数据，对待分析区域进行集水区域的分割，得到污水集水分区与雨水集水分区，根据泰森多边形的原理对污水集水分区和雨水集水分区分割成若干个子集水区，并将污染源人口数据和下垫面数据赋值至不同的子集水区中，得到初级排水系统水力模型；S3: According to the topology data of the drainage pipe network and the terrain and elevation data of the area to be analyzed, the area to be analyzed is divided into the catchment area, and the sewage catchment area and the rainwater catchment area are obtained. The rainwater catchment area is divided into several sub-catchment areas, and the pollution source population data and underlying surface data are assigned to different sub-catchment areas to obtain the hydraulic model of the primary drainage system;
S3：模型试算：S3: Model trial calculation:
开始模型的运行试算，根据试算结果制定流量(雨量)测量方案，为模型的校核验证提供基础数据；Start the running trial calculation of the model, formulate a flow (rainfall) measurement plan according to the trial calculation results, and provide basic data for model verification;
具体地：包括旱天模型的试算和雨天模型的试算：在S3中已经把污染源人口数输入模型、结合居民排水数据得出的居民排水规律曲线后进行旱天模型的试算；同时在集水区已经输入下垫面数据，导入历时降雨数据输入模型进行雨天模型的试算，得出试算结果用于测试初级排水系统水力模型的稳定性。Specifically: including the trial calculation of the dry weather model and the trial calculation of the rainy weather model: in S3, the population of the pollution source has been input into the model, and the residential drainage law curve obtained by combining the residential drainage data is used to carry out the trial calculation of the dry weather model; The underlying surface data has been input in the catchment area, and the rainfall data input model has been imported for trial calculation of the rainy weather model, and the trial calculation results are obtained to test the stability of the hydraulic model of the primary drainage system.
S4：对初级排水系统水力模型进行校核：将预设数量旱天的流量监测数据和降雨天的流量监测数据，导入至初级排水系统水力模型，得到初级排水系统水力模型输出结果，并根据预设标准与试算结果进行模型的参数调整，例如将试算结果同时对比污水处理厂、泵站、排水管网水位、流量数据与实际运行报表的偏差，进行参数调整。S4: Check the hydraulic model of the primary drainage system: import the preset quantity of flow monitoring data on dry days and the flow monitoring data on rainy days into the hydraulic model of the primary drainage system, and obtain the output results of the hydraulic model of the primary drainage system. Set the standard and trial calculation results to adjust the parameters of the model. For example, compare the trial calculation results with the deviation of the sewage treatment plant, pump station, drainage pipe network water level, flow data and the actual operation report to adjust the parameters.
S5：将历史流量检测数据输入参数调整后的初级排水系统水力模型，模拟分析的输出的水浸点与历史水浸点的吻合程度；若满足预设吻合程度阈值(根据实际需求确定)，不需要再次对模型进行调整；若不满足，再次进行模型的参数调整，得到预设排水系统水力模型；S5: The hydraulic model of the primary drainage system after the input parameters of the historical flow detection data are adjusted, and the degree of agreement between the output flooding points of the simulation analysis and the historical flooding points; The model needs to be adjusted again; if it is not satisfied, adjust the parameters of the model again to obtain the hydraulic model of the preset drainage system;
其中，流量监测数据包括历史流量监测数据和预设数量(本实施例为3)旱天的流量监测数据和降雨天的流量监测数据，预设标准根据《英国排水系统水力模型工程师职业规范》、《内涝防治系统数学模型应用技术规程》事先确定并设置。The flow monitoring data includes historical flow monitoring data and a preset number (3 in this embodiment) of flow monitoring data on dry days and flow monitoring data on rainy days. The "Technical Regulations for the Application of Mathematical Models of Waterlogging Prevention and Control Systems" is determined and set in advance.
5)建立预设分析评估标准体系；5) Establish a pre-set analysis and evaluation standard system;
预设分析评估标准体系包括排水系统标准(预设第一阈值)，排水系统标准包括管网和泵站工程、调蓄池工程、水质净化工程、联合调度等所包含的污水收集率阈值、分流率阈值、污染物负荷阈值、径流量阈值、溢流率阈值等其他与污水处理相关的数据阈值；The preset analysis and evaluation standard system includes the drainage system standard (preset first threshold value), and the drainage system standard includes the threshold value of sewage collection rate, diversion included in the pipeline network and pumping station project, regulation and storage tank project, water quality purification project, joint dispatch, etc. rate threshold, pollutant load threshold, runoff threshold, overflow rate threshold and other data thresholds related to sewage treatment;
6)大数据分析；6) Big data analysis;
将典型年连续降雨分析结果和特征设计降雨分析结果导入预设排水系统水力模型，得到输出结果，输出结果包括污水收集率、分流率、污染物负荷、径流量、溢流率等与污水处理有关的数据。若预设排水系统水力模型进行模拟后的输出结果不满足预设第一阈值，通过大数据平台对收集的数据进行大数据分析，提供至少一解决方案，例如污水收集率不满足污水收集率阈值，提供新建/改造污水厂、新建调蓄池等工程手段的解决方案，针对不满足不同阈值的情况，提出多个不同的解决方案，其中，每一解决方案包括工程项目的具体数据。Import the typical annual continuous rainfall analysis results and the characteristic design rainfall analysis results into the hydraulic model of the preset drainage system, and obtain the output results. The output results include sewage collection rate, diversion rate, pollutant load, runoff, overflow rate, etc. related to sewage treatment The data. If the output result of the simulation of the hydraulic model of the preset drainage system does not meet the preset first threshold, the big data analysis is performed on the collected data through the big data platform, and at least one solution is provided. For example, the sewage collection rate does not meet the sewage collection rate threshold. , to provide solutions for engineering means such as new/renovated sewage plants and new storage tanks. For the situation that different thresholds are not met, a number of different solutions are proposed. Each solution includes the specific data of the project.
7)建立预设第二阈值；7) establishing a preset second threshold;
预设第二阈值为合流制排入水体污染物负荷不大于分流制排入水体污染物负荷，具体公式为：The preset second threshold is that the pollutant load discharged into the water body by the combined system is not greater than the pollutant load discharged into the water body by the diversion system. The specific formula is:
W合≤W分 W combined≤W points
W合＝(Q1×So1+Q2×Se1)/106 W = (Q 1 ×S o1 + Q 2 ×S e1 )/10 6
W分＝(Q3×So2+Q4×Se2)/106 W points = (Q 3 ×S o2 +Q 4 ×S e2 )/10 6
式中：W合—合流制排水体制区域进入水体的污染物负荷(合流制排入水体污染物负荷)(t/年)；In the formula: W is the pollutant load entering the water body in the area of the combined drainage system (the pollutant load discharged into the water body by the combined system) (t/year);
W分—分流制排水体制区域进入水体的污染物负荷(分流制排入水体污染物负荷)(t/年)；W points - the pollutant load entering the water body in the drainage system area of the separation system (the pollutant load of the water body discharged into the water body by the separation system) (t/year);
Q1—合流制排水体制区域进入水体的合流水量(m3/年)；Q 1 — the combined water volume entering the water body from the combined drainage system area (m 3 /year);
So1—合流制排水体制区域进入水体污染物浓度(mg/L，随降雨历程等变化)；S o1 - the concentration of pollutants entering the water body in the combined drainage system area (mg/L, which varies with the rainfall history, etc.);
Q2—合流制排水体制区域进入水体的污水处理厂出水量(m3/年)；Q 2 —The effluent volume of the sewage treatment plant entering the water body in the combined drainage system area (m 3 /year);
Se1—合流制排水体制区域进入水体污水厂出水污染物浓度(mg/L，年平均值)；S e1 - the concentration of pollutants in the effluent of the sewage plant entering the water body from the combined drainage system area (mg/L, annual average);
Q3—分流制排水体制区域进入水体的雨水量(m3/年)；Q 3 - the amount of rainwater entering the water body in the area of the diverted drainage system (m 3 /year);
So2—分流制排水体制区域进入水体雨水污染物浓度(mg/L，随降雨历程等变化)；S o2 - the concentration of rainwater pollutants entering the water body in the area of the diversion system and drainage system (mg/L, which varies with the rainfall history, etc.);
Q4—分流制排水体制区域进入水体的污水处理厂出水量(m3/年)；Q 4 — The effluent volume of the sewage treatment plant entering the water body in the area of the diverted drainage system (m 3 /year);
Se2—分流制排水体制区域进入水体污水厂出水污染物浓度(mg/L，随降雨历程等变化)；S e2 - the concentration of pollutants in the effluent of the sewage treatment plant entering the water body in the area of the diversion system and drainage system (mg/L, which varies with the rainfall history, etc.);
8)确定最终解决方案8) Determine the final solution
将解决方案的具体数据导入预设排水系统水力模型，得到更新输出结果；判断更新输出结果是否满足预设第二阈值，若不满足预设第二阈值，采用另一解决方案，继续将另一解决方案的具体数据导入预设排水系统水力模型，判断是否满足预设第二阈值，直至其中一个解决方案的更新输出结果满足预设第二阈值，将该解决方案作为最终解决方案。其中，更新输出结果包括合流制排入水体污染物负荷和分流制排入水体污染物负荷。Import the specific data of the solution into the hydraulic model of the preset drainage system to obtain the update output result; determine whether the update output result satisfies the preset second threshold, if not, adopt another solution and continue to use another solution. The specific data of the solutions are imported into the hydraulic model of the preset drainage system to determine whether the preset second threshold is met, until the updated output result of one of the solutions meets the preset second threshold, and the solution is regarded as the final solution. Among them, the updated output results include the pollutant load discharged into the water body by the combined system and the pollutant load discharged into the water body by the diversion system.
同时，还可以通过另一种方式，当一个解决方案的输出结果不满足预设第二阈值时，通过对解决方案的具体数据进行修正，使得修正后的该解决方案满足预设第二阈值，作为最终解决方案。At the same time, in another way, when the output result of a solution does not meet the preset second threshold, the specific data of the solution can be corrected so that the corrected solution meets the preset second threshold, as the final solution.
这样使得最终解决方案在满足第一预设阈值情况下，又能满足第二预设阈值，保证最终解决方案有效。In this way, the final solution can satisfy the second preset threshold while satisfying the first preset threshold, so as to ensure that the final solution is effective.
9)将任一解决方案的具体数据导入最终校核验证的排水系统水力模型，将模拟结果与评估标准对比，得到解决方案的评估结果；若评估结果为模拟结果不满足评估标准，则导入其他解决方案，或对解决方案进行优化后导入排水系统水力模型，直至得到的评估结果为模拟结果满足评估标准。9) Import the specific data of any solution into the hydraulic model of the drainage system for final verification and verification, and compare the simulation results with the evaluation standards to obtain the evaluation results of the solution; if the evaluation results are that the simulation results do not meet the evaluation standards, import other solution, or the solution is optimized and imported into the hydraulic model of the drainage system until the obtained evaluation result is that the simulation result meets the evaluation criteria.
10)搭建展示平台；10) Build a display platform;
1.基于待分析区域内GIS系统建立展示平台；1. Establish a display platform based on the GIS system in the area to be analyzed;
2.将收集的数据导入展示平台，进行展示与查询统计；2. Import the collected data into the display platform for display and query statistics;
3.将最终解决方案在展示平台进行展示，辅助待分析区域的现场调度人员的决策，提供参考。3. Display the final solution on the display platform to assist the decision-making of on-site dispatchers in the area to be analyzed and provide reference.
本发明还提供一种基于大数据的污染减排分析系统，包括：The present invention also provides a big data-based pollution reduction analysis system, including:
获取模块，用于获取排水系统数据；The acquisition module is used to acquire the drainage system data;
输出模块，用于根据排水系统数据和预设排水系统水力模型，得到输出结果；The output module is used to obtain the output results according to the drainage system data and the preset drainage system hydraulic model;
分析模块，用于根据输出结果和预设第一阈值，通过大数据分析提供至少一解决方案；an analysis module, configured to provide at least one solution through big data analysis according to the output result and the preset first threshold;
确定模块，用于根据解决方案、预设第二阈值和预设排水系统水力模型，确定最终解决方案；A determination module for determining the final solution according to the solution, the preset second threshold and the preset hydraulic model of the drainage system;
其中，预设第一阈值包括污水收集率阈值、分流率阈值、污染物负荷阈值、径流量阈值、溢流率阈值的至少一个，预设第二阈值为合流制排入水体污染物负荷不大于分流制排入水体污染物负荷。The preset first threshold value includes at least one of a sewage collection rate threshold value, a diversion rate threshold value, a pollutant load threshold value, a runoff threshold value, and an overflow rate threshold value, and the preset second threshold value is that the pollutant load discharged into the water body by the combined system is not greater than The diversion system discharges pollutant loads into the water body.
进一步作为优选的实施方式，还包括：大数据平台，用于提供上述大数据分析功能。Further, as a preferred embodiment, the method further includes: a big data platform for providing the above-mentioned big data analysis function.
进一步作为优选的实施方式，还包括：展示平台，用于展示与查询统计收集的数据，并设有联合调度模块，用于提供最终解决方给案待分析区域的现场调度人员。Further as a preferred embodiment, it also includes: a display platform for displaying and querying the data collected by statistics, and a joint scheduling module for providing the final solution to the on-site scheduling personnel in the area to be analyzed.
上述方法实施例中的内容均适用于本系统实施例中，本系统实施例所具体实现的功能与上述方法实施例相同，并且达到的有益效果与上述方法实施例所达到的有益效果也相同。The contents in the above method embodiments are all applicable to the present system embodiments, the specific functions implemented by the present system embodiments are the same as the above method embodiments, and the beneficial effects achieved are also the same as those achieved by the above method embodiments.
在一些可选择的实施例中，在方框图中提到的功能/操作可以不按照操作示图提到的顺序发生。例如，取决于所涉及的功能/操作，连续示出的两个方框实际上可以被大体上同时地执行或所述方框有时能以相反顺序被执行。此外，在本发明的流程图中所呈现和描述的实施例以示例的方式被提供，目的在于提供对技术更全面的理解。所公开的方法不限于本文所呈现的操作和逻辑流程。可选择的实施例是可预期的，其中各种操作的顺序被改变以及其中被描述为较大操作的一部分的子操作被独立地执行。In some alternative implementations, the functions/operations noted in the block diagrams may occur out of the order noted in the operational diagrams. For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality/operations involved. Furthermore, the embodiments presented and described in the flowcharts of the present invention are provided by way of example in order to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the technology. The disclosed methods are not limited to the operations and logic flows presented herein. Alternative embodiments are contemplated in which the order of the various operations are altered and in which sub-operations described as part of larger operations are performed independently.
此外，虽然在功能性模块的背景下描述了本发明并且采用方块图的形式举例说明，但应当理解的是，除非另有相反说明，所述的功能和/或特征中的一个或多个可以被集成在单个物理装置和/或软件模块中，或者一个或多个功能和/或特征可以在单独的物理装置或软件模块中被实现。还可以理解的是，有关每个模块的实际实现的详细讨论对于理解本发明是不必要的。更确切地说，考虑到在本文中公开的装置中各种功能模块的属性、功能和内部关系的情况下，在工程师的常规技术内将会了解该模块的实际实现。因此，本领域技术人员运用普通技术就能够在无需过度试验的情况下实现在权利要求书中所阐明的本发明。还可以理解的是，所公开的特定概念仅仅是说明性的，并不意在限制本发明的范围，本发明的范围由所附权利要求书及其等同方案的全部范围来决定。Furthermore, although the invention has been described in the context of functional blocks and illustrated in block diagram form, it will be understood that one or more of the described functions and/or features may be used unless stated otherwise. be integrated in a single physical device and/or software module, or one or more functions and/or features may be implemented in separate physical devices or software modules. It will also be appreciated that a detailed discussion of the actual implementation of each module is not necessary to understand the present invention. Rather, given the attributes, functions, and internal relationships of the various functional modules in the apparatus disclosed herein, the actual implementation of the modules will be within the routine skill of the engineer. Accordingly, those skilled in the art, using ordinary skill, can implement the invention as set forth in the claims without undue experimentation. It is also to be understood that the specific concepts disclosed are illustrative only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, which is to be determined by the appended claims along with their full scope of equivalents.
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“本实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。In the description of this specification, description with reference to the terms "one embodiment," "this embodiment," "example," "specific example," or "some examples", etc., mean specific features described in connection with the embodiment or example , structure, material or feature is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
以上是对本发明的较佳实施进行了具体说明，但本发明并不限于所述实施例，熟悉本领域的技术人员在不违背本发明精神的前提下还可做作出种种的等同变形或替换，这些等同的变形或替换均包含在本申请权利要求所限定的范围内。The above is a specific description of the preferred implementation of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the described embodiments, and those skilled in the art can also make various equivalent deformations or replacements without departing from the spirit of the present invention, These equivalent modifications or substitutions are all included within the scope defined by the claims of the present application.
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