CN111706434A - 使用增材制造部件(内部冷却通道)冷却涡轮增压器的转子和定子部件 - Google Patents
使用增材制造部件(内部冷却通道)冷却涡轮增压器的转子和定子部件 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及使用增材制造部件(内部冷却通道)冷却涡轮增压器的转子和定子部件。一种具有涡轮(2)和压缩机(3)的涡轮增压器(1),涡轮(2)和压缩机(3)中的每一个包括转子(21,31)和定子(22,32),其中相应的转子(21,31)和/或定子(22,32)中的至少一个包括至少一个内部流动通道(4),所述至少一个内部流动通道(4)至少部分地或完全地被壁(14)围绕以用于冷却,并且其中包括至少一个流动通道(4)的相应的转子(21,31)和/或定子(22,32)至少部分地通过增材制造生产。此外,本发明涉及生产这种涡轮增压器(1)的方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有涡轮和压缩机的涡轮增压器,涡轮和压缩机各自包括转子和定子,并且相应的转子和/或定子中的至少一个包括用于冷却的至少一个内部流动通道。此外,本发明涉及用于生产这种涡轮增压器的方法。
背景技术
根据现有技术,具有驱动压缩机的涡轮的涡轮增压器的冷却是通过将冷却介质引导穿过铸模的长孔或大体积腔体来实现的。由于所应用的制造技术和生产方法,目前适用的冷却概念受到很大限制。由于冷却通道的复杂几何形状,在燃气涡轮和航空涡轮中相应采用的转子和定子部件的内部冷却和薄膜冷却不能用这些生产方法来进行。涡轮增压器的这些冷却概念的缺点是,一方面涡轮增压器部件的高热负荷,另一方面这些部件的进一步效率优化是不可能的。然而,合适的冷却概念为涡轮增压器的效率提供了实质性的改进潜力。
发明内容
因此,本发明的目的是提供一种涡轮增压器和一种用于生产涡轮增压器的方法,该涡轮增压器通过合适的冷却概念降低涡轮增压器的部件的热负荷,同时进一步优化效率。
该目的通过根据专利权利要求1的特征组合来解决。
根据本发明,因此提出了一种具有涡轮和压缩机的涡轮增压器,涡轮和压缩机中的每一个包括转子和定子。这里,相应转子和/或定子中的至少一个包括用于冷却的至少一个内部流动通道,该内部流动通道至少部分或全部被壁围绕。包括至少一个流动通道的相应转子和/或定子至少部分地通过增材制造来生产。通过增材制造方法,流动通道可以被优化设计用于冷却相关部件。通过这种方式,涡轮增压器部件的更强冷却成为可能,这又具有提高承受热负荷的压缩机和涡轮的部件的寿命的结果。此外,有利的是,这导致压缩机过程中所涉及的表面的更强冷却。因此,提高了压缩效率。结果,这对于具有高能量密度和对涡轮增压器效率有高要求的应用场合特别有利。
在有利的实施例版本中,假定流动通道和/或围绕相应流动通道的壁已经完全通过增材制造来生产或产生。在通过增材制造形成流动通道的过程中,有利的是,流动通道以及由此使用的冷却介质可以通过复杂的部件几何形状来引导。
优先地,涡轮增压器被设计成使得相应的流动通道沿着具有多个或多次流动方向变化的复杂路线延伸。这样,相关部件的冷却得到进一步改善。
在本发明的示例性实施例中,假定相应的流动通道至少在某些部段中沿着至少部分地或完全地围绕流动通道的相关转子和/或定子内的壁中的壁附近的路线延伸。由于冷却介质在壁附近的传导,因此使得实现高度的热交换并进一步提高涡轮增压器的效率成为可能。
此外,一个实施例是有利的,其中涡轮的转子包括涡轮轮毂和至少一个涡轮叶片。流动通道至少轴向地在涡轮轮毂内并且在涡轮叶片内延伸。这对于降低这些部件的材料温度或引入密封冷却空气或薄膜冷却空气特别有利。
在另一个有利的版本中,压缩机的转子包括压缩机叶轮和至少一个压缩机叶片。这里,流动通道在压缩机叶轮和至少一个压缩机叶片内延伸。因此,压缩机叶轮和压缩机叶片中的材料温度可以进一步降低,或者也从压缩过程中提取热量。为了进一步提高冷却效果,从而也提高涡轮增压器的效率,可以将压缩机和涡轮的转子内的冷却介质的传导结合起来。
根据本发明的涡轮增压器在一个实施例中被设计成使得涡轮增压器包括壳体,并且流动通道在壳体内延伸。这里,壳体至少部分地或完全地通过增材制造来生产。通过涡轮增压器壳体或定子部件的额外冷却,壳体部件或定子部件或压缩机叶轮的材料温度可以降低,同时可以减少从压缩过程中耗散的热量。
此外,当流动通道包括入口和出口时是有利的,入口形成用于接收进入流动通道的冷却流体的开口,出口形成用于让冷却流体流出流动通道的开口。这样,冷却介质可以在期望的位置被引入流动通道或从流动通道排出。流动通道的入口和出口的适当定位对其设计和通过相应部件的传导具有重要影响,因此也对冷却性能具有重要影响。由于增材制造,入口和出口可以根据需要定位,因此可以提高效率。
在本涡轮增压器的本发明的进一步发展中,进一步假定入口和出口包括通向流动通道的多个开口,这些开口彼此间隔开布置。通过这种方式,确保了冷却介质的均匀进入或排出,并且由于冷却介质的改善的流动或改善的冷却性能,涡轮增压器的效率得到优化。
根据本发明,提出了一种用于生产上述涡轮增压器的方法,此外,利用该方法,通过增材制造,特别是通过用于形成相应流动通道的3D打印方法来生产包括内部流动通道的相应转子或定子。通过增材制造方法,流动通道可以精确地匹配涡轮增压器部件的最佳冷却要求。因此,冷却性能可以与相应的应用情况完全匹配,并且所有涡轮增压器和涡轮增压器应用都可以从如此优化的热家居中受益。
在该方法的有利实施例版本中,假定通过增材制造,特别是通过3D打印来生产壳体或定子部件。在通过增材制造的壳体的增材制造中,有利的是通过这种方式,可应用的冷却概念的数量得以扩展。通过壳体或定子部件的额外冷却,热量可以额外地从压缩过程中排出。此外,壳体部件或定子部件或压缩机叶轮的材料温度降低。
优先地,执行该方法,使得根据所需的冷却能力,转子、定子或壳体的相应流动通道通过具有不同流动方向的多个流动通道部段形成。通过流动通道的这种配置,其冷却性能可以针对相关涡轮增压器部件与相关要求精确匹配。
附图说明
本发明的其他有利的进一步发展标记在从属权利要求中,或者通过附图以及本发明的优选实施例的描述更详细地示出。图中显示:
图1示出了具有进入涡轮的增材制造冷却空气传导件的转子的剖视图,
图2示出了具有进入压缩机的增材制造冷却空气传导件的转子的剖视图,
图3示出了具有增材制造冷却空气传导件的轴流式涡轮的定子的透视图,以及
图4示出了具有增材制造冷却空气传导件的涡轮增压器壳体的剖视图。
附图标记列表
1 涡轮增压器
2 涡轮
3 压缩机
21 涡轮转子
31 压缩机转子
22 涡轮定子
32 压缩机定子
4 流动通道
5 涡轮轮毂
6 涡轮叶片
7 压缩机叶轮
8 压缩机叶片
9 壳体
10 入口
11 开口
12 出口
13 开口。
具体实施方式
在图1中,示出了涡轮2的转子21的剖视图,其具有进入涡轮2的增材制造的流动通道4。这里,内部流动通道4完全被壁14围绕。流动通道4和壁14两者完全通过增材制造来生产。此外,涡轮2的转子21包括涡轮轮毂5和多个涡轮叶片6。
图1所示的流动通道4沿着包括多个流动方向变化的复杂路线延伸。在涡轮轮毂5的区域中,该流动通道4形成具有对应开口11的入口10,用于接收进入流动通道4的冷却流体。流动通道4从该开口11开始在转子21的中心轴线的方向上径向地延伸,随后沿着弧形路线延伸,使得界定流动通道4的壁14布置在中心轴线的区域中。从该弧形部段,流动通道4在涡轮轮毂5内进一步延伸,在转子21的轴向方向上基本上平行于中心轴线。该部段邻接沿着流动通道4的S形路线延伸的部段,该部段在涡轮叶片6内,直到流动通道4在涡轮叶片6的边缘处包括出口12,出口12又形成用于让冷却流体流出流动通道4的开口13。此外,流动通道4在完全围绕涡轮叶片6内的流动通道4的壁14上的某些部段中沿着壁附近的路线延伸。
图2示出了转子31的剖视图,该转子31在压缩机3内具有增材制造的冷却空气传导件,压缩机3包括压缩机叶轮7和多个压缩机叶片8。这里,流动通道4在压缩机叶轮7和至少一个压缩机叶片8内延伸。流动通道4从压缩机轮毂的区域中的入口10开始沿着描绘多个流动方向变化的复杂路线延伸,该入口10形成用于接收进入流动通道4的冷却流体的开口11。在图2中,流动通道4的路线最初大致对应于压缩机叶片表面的几何形状,因为流动通道4在完全围绕流动通道4的壁14内沿着壁附近的路线延伸。该部段之后是流动通道4的一部分,该部分轴向地且平行于转子31的中心轴线延伸并返回压缩机轮毂,并且随后描绘了一个弧,并且朝向出口12径向地向外延伸,该出口12具有用于让冷却流体流出流动通道4的开口13。
在图3中,示出了具有增材制造冷却空气传导件的轴向涡轮的定子32的透视图。在涡轮叶片6的边缘区域,流动通道4包括入口10,在入口10上布置有进入流动通道4的多个开口11,这些开口11彼此间隔开,用于接收冷却流体。沿着相应的开口11,流动通道4通过多次流动方向的变化并且在完全围绕定子32内的流动通道4的壁14中靠近壁的某些部段中以复杂的方式延伸。流动通道4终止于出口12,出口12又包括彼此间隔开的多个开口13,用于让冷却流体流出流动通道4。
图4示出了具有壳体9的涡轮增压器的剖视图,该壳体包括增材生产的冷却空气传导件。此外,涡轮增压器包括压缩机叶轮7和多个压缩机叶片8。流动通道4在壳体9内延伸。
在其实施例中,本发明不限于上述优选示例性实施例。相反,也可设想到利用所示解决方案的许多版本,即使是具有根本不同类型的实施例。
Claims (12)
1.一种涡轮增压器(1),其具有涡轮(2)和压缩机(3),所述涡轮(2)和所述压缩机(3)中的每一个包括转子(21, 31)和定子(22, 32),其中相应的转子(21, 31)和/或定子(22/32)中的至少一个包括至少一个内部流动通道(4),所述至少一个内部流动通道(4)至少部分地或完全地被壁(14)围绕以用于冷却,并且其中包括至少一个流动通道(14)的相应的转子(21, 31)和/或定子(22, 32)至少部分地通过增材制造来生产。
2.根据权利要求1所述的涡轮增压器(1),其特征在于,所述流动通道(4)和/或围绕所述相应的流动通道(4)的所述壁(14)完全通过增材制造来生产或产生。
3.根据权利要求1所述的涡轮增压器(1),其特征在于,所述相应的流动通道(4)沿着包括多个或多次流动方向变化的复杂路线延伸。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的涡轮增压器(1),其特征在于,所述相应的流动通道(4)至少在至少部分地或完全地围绕所述相应的转子(21, 31)和/或定子(22, 32)内的所述流动通道(4)的壁(14)中的某些部段中沿着所述壁附近的路线延伸。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的涡轮增压器(1),其特征在于,所述涡轮(2)的所述转子(21)包括涡轮轮毂(5)和至少一个涡轮叶片(6),其中所述流动通道(4)至少轴向地在所述涡轮轮毂(5)内和在所述涡轮叶片(6)内延伸。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的涡轮增压器(1),其特征在于,所述压缩机(3)的所述转子(31)包括压缩机叶轮(7)和至少一个压缩机叶片(8),其中所述流动通道(4)在所述压缩机叶轮(7)和所述至少一个压缩机叶片(8)内延伸。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的涡轮增压器(1),其特征在于,所述涡轮增压器(1)包括壳体(9),其中所述流动通道(4)在所述壳体(9)内延伸,并且所述壳体(9)至少部分地或完全地通过增材制造来生产。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的涡轮增压器(1),其特征在于,所述流动通道(4)包括入口(10)和出口(12),所述入口(10)形成用于接收进入所述流动通道(4)的冷却流体的开口(11),所述出口(12)形成用于让所述冷却流体流出所述流动通道(4)的开口(13)。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的涡轮增压器(1),其特征在于,所述入口(10)和所述出口(11)包括通向所述流动通道(4)的多个开口(11, 13),所述多个开口(11, 13)彼此间隔布置。
10.一种用于生产根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的涡轮增压器(1)的方法,其特征在于,包括用于形成对应流动通道(4)的内部流动通道(4)的所述相应的转子(21, 31)或定子(22, 32)通过增材制造,特别是通过3D打印方法来生产。
11.根据权利要求10所述的用于生产涡轮增压器(1)的方法,该涡轮增压器具有壳体(9),其特征在于,所述壳体(9)通过增材制造,特别是通过3D打印来生产。
12.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的用于生产涡轮增压器(1)的方法,其特征在于,所述转子(21, 31)、所述定子(22, 32)或所述壳体(9)的所述相应的流动通道(4)由多个流动通道部段形成,所述流动通道部段根据所需冷却能力具有不同流动方向。
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