CN111706396B - Goaf safety early warning monitoring method - Google Patents
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- CN111706396B CN111706396B CN202010534231.6A CN202010534231A CN111706396B CN 111706396 B CN111706396 B CN 111706396B CN 202010534231 A CN202010534231 A CN 202010534231A CN 111706396 B CN111706396 B CN 111706396B
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001687 destabilization Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010291 electrical method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009933 burial Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
- E21F17/18—Special adaptations of signalling or alarm devices
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V11/00—Prospecting or detecting by methods combining techniques covered by two or more of main groups G01V1/00 - G01V9/00
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
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- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to a goaf safety early warning monitoring methodA method. The method comprises the following steps: (1) determining a goaf; (2) arranging electrodes and cables; (3) collecting data; (4) aiming at the verified goaf of the BIF iron ore in the hard rock area, comparing the measured profile CT data of the high-density resistivity method and the three-dimensional virtual solid model set of the goaf at different periods, and analyzing the resistivity value R in the resistivity method represented by the top plate boundary of the position of the goafkA trend graph in space; (5) for the untreated goaf of the BIF iron ore in the hard rock area, the formula h is aKL+ b, i.e. K obtained from high-density electrical CT data of multiple time seriesLThe real-time h changes reflected by the monitoring system are used for monitoring the evolution trend of deformation, settlement and damage of the goaf roof, so that internal damage monitoring and safety early warning of the goaf under disturbance of mining production are realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of metal mine safety production, and particularly relates to a goaf safety early warning monitoring method.
Background
In the field of safe production of metal mines, production safety accidents caused by deformation, sedimentation and collapse of a goaf often occur, equipment loss is caused slightly, casualties are caused seriously, great loss is caused, and safe production operation of the mine is seriously influenced. In the prior art, the dead zone is monitored mainly by adopting a measurement technology of surface deformation, and the fracture of the rock is monitored by adopting microseismic. However, in the above monitoring method, the first method emphasizes the monitoring of the ground surface deformation, and the second method emphasizes whether the rock inside is cracked or not, so that the condition of cracking and damage of the rock inside above the empty area cannot be evaluated, the period is long, the manufacturing cost is high, the method belongs to the 'expectation' and 'smell' stages of the empty area monitoring, the condition of damage of the rock above the empty area cannot be evaluated, and the development situation of the empty area cannot be evaluated, namely, the empty area deformation, settlement and even collapse can be caused only when the rock is cracked to what degree. The problems not only appear in the field of metal mine safety production, but also exist in the field of energy coal mines, and the karst cave and the cavity area related to the field of industrial and civil construction can be frequently encountered.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a goaf safety early warning monitoring method which is simple in equipment layout, low in cost, rapid and efficient in construction, capable of realizing real-time monitoring of rock mass fracture states above the goaf, convenient for real-time monitoring management and timely processing of the goaf existing in a mine and capable of guaranteeing mine production safety.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the invention discloses a goaf safety early warning monitoring method which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1) determining a gob
Firstly, verifying the existing goaf by adopting a down-the-hole drill, positioning by using a mine coordinate system, placing a drilling type three-dimensional laser scanning device in a drill hole, measuring the surface space distribution point coordinates of the goaf, and acquiring tens of thousands of point coordinate cloud data (x) for the first timet01，yt01，zt01；……；xt0n，yt0n，zt0n) And removing dead points from the point data to form a dead zone boundary scatter diagram, and then forming an initial three-dimensional virtual entity model V of the dead zone through isotropic reverse distance interpolation, shape rendering and surface renderingt0；
Step 2) electrode and cable laying
Three-dimensional space virtual entity model V according to goaft0Selecting the central part of the goaf, digging a cable trench on the surface of the goaf above the goaf along the long axis direction, drilling N electrode holes in the cable trench, burying N measuring electrodes and laying cables, inserting the measuring electrodes into the electrode holes, tamping the measuring electrodes, filling clay into the hole gaps, watering and sealing;
after the N measuring electrodes and the cable are buried, the cable is connected with the resistivity host and an external power supply through the electrode converter respectively, the grounding condition of the measuring electrodes is detected, and then measurement is carried out;
step 3) data acquisition
Setting dataCollecting parameters, and starting to obtain an initial distribution diagram G of the resistivity profile at the top of the goaft0；
Periodically acquiring section data of a high-density resistivity method at the top of the goaf and drilling type three-dimensional laser scanning data of the goaf every day to form a high-density electrical CT data set (G) based on a time sequencet0，Gt1，Gt2，……，Gtn) And gob three-dimensional virtual solid model set (V)t0，Vt1，……，Vtn)；
Step 4) comparing the measured profile CT data of the high-density resistivity method and the three-dimensional virtual solid model set of the gob at different periods aiming at the verified gob of the BIF iron ore in the hard rock area, and analyzing the resistivity value R in the resistivity method represented by the top plate boundary of the gob positionkObtaining a resistivity value R in an electrical profile of the goaf from deformation, sedimentation to damage according to a time-series high-density electrical CT data set and a goaf three-dimensional virtual solid model set in a change trend graph of the spacekVariation of distance from the earth's surface KL(KLt0，……，KLtn) Real-time thickness h (h) of top plate of goaft0，……，htn) The following functional relation can be obtained by the function operation of a unitary linear fitting regression equation based on the least square method:
i.e. h ═ aKL+b
H in the formula is real-time thickness of a top plate of a monitoring goaf in an early warning manner, KLReal-time monitoring of resistivity value R in resistivity profile for goafkThickness from the earth's surface, a being a least squares fit linear parameter
b is a least square method unary regression fitting parameter for monitoring the goaf
Step 5) performing a formula h (aK) on the untreated goaf of the BIF iron ore in the hard rock areaL+ b, i.e. K obtained from high-density electrical CT data of multiple time seriesLThe real-time h change reflected is used for monitoring the evolution trend of the deformation, the sedimentation and the damage of the top plate of the dead zone. Meanwhile, according to the safety thickness threshold h of the goaf roof researched in the early stageaThe safe evolution trend of the top plate of the empty area is judged in real time, namely when h is more than haWhen the thickness of the top plate of the goaf is above the safe thickness threshold, the goaf is safe and can be produced safely; when h ≦ haAnd when the thickness of the top plate of the goaf is below the safe thickness threshold value, the top plate of the goaf is in a destabilization state, safety accidents can occur at any time, early warning is given out, production is stopped, and safety treatment is carried out. The internal damage monitoring and safety early warning of the goaf under the disturbance of mining production are realized through the feedback of the real-time monitoring information.
As further optimization of the method, the real-time thickness h of the goaf roof can be determined by the initial R of the abnormal resistivity of the boundary of the goaf roof by a high-density electrical methodkVariation of distance from the earth's surface KLThe dynamic change monitoring of (2) is obtained.
As a further optimization of the invention, the measuring electrode and the measuring cable adopt the spray paint to carry out corrosion-resistant and oxidation-resistant treatment on the measuring electrode and the metal interface of the cable, thereby meeting the requirement of long-term field environment monitoring.
As a further optimization of the invention, the number of N electrodes is obtained by the following formula,
N＝(3H+L)/P
h is the dead zone roof burial depth in the formula, L is the dead zone and monitors the roof survey line and pass maximum width, and P is the electrode distance.
As a further optimization of the invention, the electrode distance P is 1m-3m from high to low respectively.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) by utilizing a centimeter-level drilling type three-dimensional laser scanning measurement technology and a geoscience three-dimensional virtual entity modeling technology, a monitoring core area, namely a maximum danger area, can be selected quickly, efficiently and accurately;
(2) the metal interface of the monitoring device is sprayed with corrosion-resistant and oxidation-resistant materials, so that the device can carry out monitoring and data acquisition in the field for a long time;
(3) the CT profile time sequence data of the high-density resistivity of the rock mass above the dead zone are collected, the hope (surface deformation measurement) and the smell (micro-seismic monitoring) of the dead zone monitoring are broken through, the monitoring of the internal loss condition of the dangerous rock mass is realized, and the safety of the dead zone can be pre-warned in real time.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the measurement electrode and cable layout according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a sectional view of real-time monitoring of a gob.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the goaf safety early warning monitoring method of the present invention is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, verifying the existing goaf 7 by adopting a down-the-hole drill, positioning by using a mine coordinate system, placing a drilling type three-dimensional laser scanning device in a drill hole, measuring the surface space distribution point coordinates of the goaf, and acquiring tens of thousands of point coordinate cloud data (x) for the first timet01，yt01，zt01；……；xt0n，yt0n，zt0n) And removing dead points from the point data to form a dead zone boundary scatter diagram, and then forming an initial three-dimensional virtual entity model V of the dead zone through isotropic reverse distance interpolation, shape rendering and surface renderingt0；
Step 2) laying of electrodes 1 and cables 5
Three-dimensional space virtual entity model V according to goaft0Selecting the central part of the goaf, digging a cable trench 6 on the surface of the goaf above the goaf along the long axis direction, drilling N electrode holes in the cable trench 6, burying N measuring electrodes 1 and laying cables 5, inserting the measuring electrodes 1 into the electrode holes, tamping the measuring electrodes 1, filling clay into the hole gaps, and watering and sealing;
after N measuring electrodes 1 and cables 5 are buried, the cables 5 are connected with a resistivity host 3 and an external power supply 4 through an electrode converter 2 respectively, the grounding condition of the measuring electrodes 1 is detected, and then measurement is carried out;
the number of N electrodes 1 is obtained by the following formula,
N＝(3H+L)/P
h is the buried depth of the top plate of the dead zone, L is the maximum width of the measuring line of the monitoring top plate of the dead zone, and P is the electrode distance;
the electrode distances P are respectively 1m-3m from high to low;
the measuring electrode and the measuring cable need to adopt spray paint to carry out corrosion-resistant and oxidation-resistant treatment on the measuring electrode and the metal interface of the cable, and the requirement of long-term field environment monitoring is met.
Step 3) data acquisition
Setting data acquisition parameters and starting to acquire an initial distribution diagram G of the resistivity profile at the top of the goaft0；
Periodically acquiring section data of a high-density resistivity method at the top of the goaf and drilling type three-dimensional laser scanning data of the goaf every day to form a high-density electrical CT data set (G) based on a time sequencet0，Gt1，Gt2，……，Gtn) And gob three-dimensional virtual solid model set (V)t0，Vt1，……，Vtn)；
Step 4) comparing the measured profile CT data of the high-density resistivity method and the three-dimensional virtual solid model set of the gob at different periods aiming at the verified gob of the BIF iron ore in the hard rock area, and analyzing the resistivity value R in the resistivity method represented by the top plate boundary of the gob positionkObtaining a resistivity value R in an electrical profile of the goaf from deformation, sedimentation to damage according to a time-series high-density electrical CT data set and a goaf three-dimensional virtual solid model set in a change trend graph of the spacekVariation of distance from the earth's surface KL(KLt0，……，KLtn) Real-time thickness h (h) of top plate of goaft0，……，htn) The following functional relation can be obtained by the function operation of a unitary linear fitting regression equation based on the least square method:
i.e. h ═ aKL+b
H in the formula is real-time thickness of a top plate of a monitoring goaf in an early warning manner, KLIn monitoring resistivity profile for goaf in real timeResistivity value RkThickness from the earth's surface, a being a least squares fit linear parameter
b is a least square method unary regression fitting parameter for monitoring the goaf
The real-time thickness h of the goaf roof can be determined by the initial R of the abnormal resistivity of the boundary of the goaf roof by a high-density electrical methodkVariation of distance from the earth's surface KLThe dynamic change monitoring of (2) is obtained.
Step 5) performing a formula h (aK) on the untreated goaf of the BIF iron ore in the hard rock areaL+ b, i.e. K obtained from high-density electrical CT data of multiple time seriesLThe real-time h change reflected is used for monitoring the evolution trend of the deformation, the sedimentation and the damage of the top plate of the dead zone. Meanwhile, according to the safety thickness threshold h of the goaf roof researched in the early stageaThe safe evolution trend of the top plate of the empty area is judged in real time, namely when h is more than haWhen the thickness of the top plate of the goaf is above the safe thickness threshold, the goaf is safe and can be produced safely; when h ≦ haAnd when the thickness of the top plate of the goaf is below the safe thickness threshold value, the top plate of the goaf is in a destabilization state, safety accidents can occur at any time, early warning is given out, production is stopped, and safety treatment is carried out. The internal damage monitoring and safety early warning of the goaf under the disturbance of mining production are realized through the feedback of the real-time monitoring information.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A goaf safety early warning monitoring method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1) determining a gob
Firstly, verifying the existing goaf by adopting a down-the-hole drill, positioning by using a mine coordinate system, placing a drilling type three-dimensional laser scanning device in a drill hole, measuring the surface space distribution point coordinates of the goaf, and acquiring tens of thousands of point coordinate cloud data (x) for the first timet01，yt01，zt01；……；xt0n，yt0n，zt0n) And removing dead points from the point coordinate data to form a dead zone boundary scatter diagram, and then forming an initial three-dimensional virtual entity model V of the dead zone through isotropic reverse distance interpolation, shape rendering and surface renderingt0；
Step 2) electrode and cable laying
Three-dimensional space virtual entity model V according to goaft0Selecting the central part of the goaf, digging a cable trench on the surface of the goaf above the goaf along the long axis direction, drilling N electrode holes in the cable trench, burying N measuring electrodes and laying cables, inserting the measuring electrodes into the electrode holes, tamping the measuring electrodes, filling clay into the hole gaps, watering and sealing;
after the N measuring electrodes and the cable are buried, the cable is connected with the resistivity host and an external power supply through the electrode converter respectively, the grounding condition of the measuring electrodes is detected, and then measurement is carried out;
step 3) data acquisition
Setting data acquisition parameters and starting to acquire an initial distribution diagram G of the resistivity profile at the top of the goaft0；
Periodically acquiring section data of a high-density resistivity method at the top of the goaf and drilling type three-dimensional laser scanning data of the goaf every day to form a high-density electrical CT data set (G) based on a time sequencet0，Gt1，Gt2，……，Gtn) And gob three-dimensional virtual solid model set (V)t0，Vt1，……，Vtn)；
Step 4) comparing the section CT data measured by the high-density resistivity method and the goaf three measured by the high-density resistivity method in different periods aiming at the verified goaf of the BIF iron ore in the hard rock areaA dimensional virtual entity model set is used for analyzing the resistivity value R in the resistivity method represented by the top plate boundary of the goaf positionkObtaining a resistivity value R in an electrical profile of the goaf from deformation, sedimentation to damage according to a time-series high-density electrical CT data set and a goaf three-dimensional virtual solid model set in a change trend graph of the spacekVariation of distance from the earth's surface KL(KLt0，……，KLtn) Real-time thickness h (h) of top plate of goaft0，……，htn) The following functional relation can be obtained by the function operation of a unitary linear fitting regression equation based on the least square method:
i.e. h ═ aKL+b
H in the formula is real-time thickness of a top plate of a monitoring goaf in an early warning manner, KLReal-time monitoring of resistivity value R in resistivity profile for goafkThickness from the earth's surface, a being a least squares fit linear parameter
b is a least square method unary regression fitting parameter for monitoring the goaf
Step 5) performing a formula h (aK) on the untreated goaf of the BIF iron ore in the hard rock areaL+ b, i.e. K obtained from high-density electrical CT data of multiple time seriesLMonitoring the evolution trend of deformation, settlement and damage of the goaf roof by the reflected real-time h change, and simultaneously monitoring the safe thickness threshold h of the goaf roof according to the earlier-stage researchaThe safe evolution trend of the top plate of the empty area is judged in real time, namely when h is more than haWhen the thickness of the top plate of the goaf is above the safe thickness threshold, the goaf is safe and can be produced safely; when h ≦ haDuring the process, the thickness of the top plate of the goaf is below a safe thickness threshold value, the top plate of the goaf is in a destabilization state, safety accidents can occur at any time, early warning is given out, production is stopped, safety processing is carried out, and internal damage monitoring of the goaf under mining production disturbance is realized through feedback of real-time monitoring informationAnd safety pre-warning.
2. The goaf safety precaution monitoring method according to claim 1, wherein the real-time goaf roof thickness h is determined by the high-density electrical method goaf roof boundary abnormal resistivity initial RkVariation of distance from the earth's surface KLThe dynamic change monitoring of (2) is obtained.
3. The goaf safety early warning monitoring method according to claim 1, wherein the measuring electrode and the measuring cable are subjected to corrosion and oxidation resistant treatment by spray coating, so as to meet the long-term outdoor environment monitoring requirement.
4. The goaf safety pre-warning monitoring method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the number of said N measuring electrodes is obtained by the following formula,
N＝(3H+L)/P
h is the dead zone roof burial depth in the formula, L is the dead zone and monitors the roof survey line and pass maximum width, and P is the electrode distance.
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