CN108415079B - Rock stratum interface delineation method based on rock drilling impact sound identification - Google Patents
Rock stratum interface delineation method based on rock drilling impact sound identification Download PDFInfo
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- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rock stratum interface delineation method based on rock drilling impact sound identification, which comprises the following steps of: a. designing a drill hole; b. the drilling machine is arranged at a designed position, the machine supporting point coordinates of the drilling machine are measured, and the machine supporting point of the drilling machine is used as the origin of a coordinate system calculated by the lithologic abrupt boundary point coordinates; c. sequentially drilling according to the designed azimuth angle and inclination angle of the drill hole, synchronously acquiring the drill hole trace length and the drill hole impact sound of the drill rod from a branch machine point to the bottom of the drill hole in the drilling process, processing the drill hole impact sound and determining a lithologic sudden change boundary point; d. resolving lithologic abrupt boundary point coordinates; e. repeating the step b, the step c and the step d, completing the rock drilling work of all drill holes, and obtaining lithologic mutation boundary point coordinate point clouds; f. and establishing a rock stratum interface by utilizing the lithologic abrupt change boundary point coordinate point cloud. And the rock stratum interface is intelligently defined in real time, so that the development and utilization control and low-lean-loss exploitation of mineral resources are facilitated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of geological prospecting, in particular to a rock stratum interface delineation method based on rock drilling impact sound identification.
Background
Under the influence of geological structure, the size, form and production of ore bodies are complex, and the early-stage prospecting satisfies the requirement of mining-accurate design, but in the back mining stage, because of the limitation of prospecting mesh degree, the changes of the continuous degree of mineralization, the form complexity, the upper and lower tray boundaries and the rock inclusion between the rock drilling subsections of the ore bodies and the upward extending, downward extending, branching and turning parts of the ore bodies cannot be accurately controlled. Therefore, in the process of extraction, ore loss and rock mixing are caused to a certain extent, so that ore loss and depletion are caused, and blindness of ore body boundaries is an important factor for causing the depletion index to be ultrahigh. Therefore, the problem can be solved better only by perfecting the prospecting work and better mastering the actual form of the ore body.
The mine production prospecting is carried out after the ore deposit is subjected to detailed exploration, the main method is to arrange special prospecting engineering, and prospecting is carried out by utilizing engineering arranged in each stage of development, accurate mining and cutting, because the distance between the engineering is large, the condition of ore bodies between the engineering is determined by inference, for example, a steeply inclined medium-thickness ore body is mined by adopting a segmented open stoping method, the segmented height is about 10-15 m generally, a segmented rock drilling roadway is arranged in a vein along the trend of the stope, in order to explore the ore body boundary in the thickness direction of the ore body, the vein penetrating roadway is excavated on the side of the segmented rock drilling roadway, and the rest positions are inferred according to the vein penetrating exposure condition, so that the mesh degree is still large obviously, and the accuracy is still not high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a rock stratum interface delineation method based on rock drilling impact sound identification, which aims to solve the problems of poor timeliness and high labor intensity of geological engineers in the existing ore exploration production technology; the deep hole prospecting is repeatedly carried out drilling or core taking, the prospecting cost is high, the labor intensity is high, and the working efficiency is low; the soft rock is washed by water and the lithologic interface can not be accurately judged.
The invention provides a rock stratum interface delineation method based on rock drilling impact sound identification, which comprises the following steps: a. designing a drilling hole, and determining a drilling machine point, an azimuth angle and an inclination angle of the drilling hole; b. installing a drilling machine according to the design of a drilling hole, measuring the coordinates of the branch machine points of the drilling machine, and taking the branch machine points of the drilling machine as the origin of a coordinate system calculated by the coordinates of the lithologic abrupt boundary points; c. the method comprises the steps of sequentially drilling according to the designed azimuth angle and inclination angle of a drill hole, synchronously acquiring the drill hole trace length and drilling impact sound of a drill rod from a branch machine point to the bottom of the drill hole in the drilling process, processing the drilling impact sound and determining a lithologic sudden change boundary point; d. resolving lithologic abrupt boundary point coordinates; e. repeating the step b, the step c and the step d, completing the rock drilling work of all drill holes, and obtaining lithologic mutation boundary point coordinate point clouds; f. and establishing a rock stratum interface by utilizing the lithologic abrupt change boundary point coordinate point cloud.
Further, the rock drilling impact sound processing in the step c specifically comprises: pre-making an impact sound standard database; dividing the rock drilling impact sound collected continuously into impact sound sections, extracting characteristic parameters of the collected rock drilling impact sound sections, comparing the characteristic parameters with an impact sound standard database, determining lithology types, and judging lithology mutation time according to a comparison result.
Further, an impact sound standard database is manufactured, specifically: determining lithology of the ore body, the ore body surrounding rock and included stones in the ore body according to the occurrence conditions of the ore body, and classifying according to the lithology; performing rock drilling in a known lithologic region to obtain continuous impact sound original data, and dividing the continuous impact sound original data into impact sound sections; extracting characteristic parameters of lithologic impact sound from the impact sound segment so as to construct a standard data set used for judging the lithologic impact sound; and considering that the lithology has discreteness, selecting a standard data set acquired at different positions with the same lithology in a mining area as a comparison benchmark.
Further, the rock drilling impact sound processing of the step c specifically comprises: continuously collecting impact sound in the rock drilling process, dividing collected impact sound data into impact sound sections, and extracting actually-measured rock drilling impact sound characteristic data which are the same as standard data in an impact sound standard database; then, the closeness of the actually measured rock drilling impact sound characteristic data and standard data contained in each lithology is obtained one by one, the maximum value of the closeness of each group of standard data in the actually measured rock drilling impact sound characteristic data and each lithology is obtained, and the lithology with the maximum closeness corresponds to and is identified as the lithology which is being drilled; or when the identified lithology is different from the last time or one section, judging the point as a lithologic mutation boundary point.
Further, the rock drilling impact sound processing in the step c specifically comprises: continuously collecting impact sound in the rock drilling process, and dividing collected impact sound data into impact sound sections; extracting a characteristic parameter set of the impact sound section, wherein the rock stratum has a certain thickness, so that the change range of the closeness of the characteristic parameter set of the impact sound section is small when the rock stratum with the same lithology is drilled; when the drill hole is drilled through rock formations with one lithology and another lithology, the characteristic parameters of the impact sound are subjected to sudden change, and the closeness is subjected to sudden change; determining a proximity threshold according to impact sound characteristic parameters acquired on a rock drilling site, comparing the proximity with the proximity threshold, and determining a lithologic sudden change boundary point at a sudden change moment when the proximity is lower than the proximity threshold in the comparison process.
Further, the rock drilling impact sound processing in the step c specifically comprises: synchronously acquiring the length of a drilling trace and the rock drilling impact sound of a drill rod from a branch machine point to the bottom of a hole; dividing the collected rock drilling impact sound into impact sound segments, and extracting a characteristic parameter set of the impact sound segments; dividing the impact sound into at least one section on a time course by adopting a cluster analysis method according to the impact sound characteristic parameter set, wherein each section corresponds to one lithology, and a boundary point between two adjacent sections of lithologies is a time course boundary point of a lithologic sudden change boundary point; and determining the length of the drilling trace according to the time course boundary point.
Further, in step d, mutationThe method for resolving the boundary coordinates comprises the following steps: setting the point coordinate of the machine point in the mining area coordinate system as U (X)U，YU，ZU) Establishing a spherical coordinate subsystem by taking a branch machine point of a drilling machine as the origin of a coordinate system for calculating the lithologic abrupt change boundary point coordinate, knowing that the inclination angle of a drill hole is theta, the azimuth angle of the drill hole is phi, and the length of a drill hole trace from the branch machine point to the lithologic abrupt change boundary point is r, then the coordinate of the abrupt change boundary point in the spherical coordinate subsystem is (r, theta, phi), converting the coordinate into a mining area coordinate system, and then the coordinate of the abrupt change boundary point is T (X)U+rsinθcosφ，YU+rsinθsinφ，ZU+rcosθ)。
Further, step b is added with the steps of: and installing rock drilling impact sound acquisition equipment to acquire impact sound of the whole rock drilling process.
Further, the rock drilling impact sound acquisition equipment comprises an impact sound monitoring sensor for acquiring impact sound real-time data information, an acquisition module for acquiring data information transmitted by the impact sound monitoring sensor, a storage module for storing the data information acquired by the acquisition module, and an identification module for comparing and identifying the data information stored by the storage module with an impact sound standard database so as to judge the lithology of the rock being drilled.
Further, the rock drilling impact sound acquisition device further comprises a transmission module used for carrying out modulation amplification processing on the data identified by the identification module and transmitting the data to the upper-level base station through a network, and an indication module used for prompting the rock drilling site with the identified lithology through a display device and an acousto-optic signal so as to indicate and/or control the rock drilling device to carry out subsequent operation.
Further, the drilling design in the step a specifically includes: drawing to complete the design of the stope mining preparation engineering according to the geological data of the position of the ore body, and completing the construction of the mining preparation engineering; drawing a secondary rock stratum interface delineation graph according to the ore body condition disclosed by the mining preparation project; according to the secondary rock stratum interface delineation diagram, carrying out stoping blasting design and drawing a blast hole arrangement diagram; and determining a branch machine point as a mounting position of the drilling machine according to the arrangement of the blast holes, and simultaneously, determining the branch machine point as the origin of a judgment coordinate system defined by the interface of the whole rock stratum.
Further, step c further comprises: and recording the measured branch point, the azimuth angle of the blast hole and the inclination angle of the blast hole, and recording the advancing length of the drill rod from the branch point to the foremost end of the drill bit in the rock drilling process.
Further, step f specifically comprises: and completing rock drilling work of all designed drill holes, obtaining the lithologic abrupt change interface point cloud, and establishing the lithologic abrupt change interface by adopting a three-dimensional digital modeling software tool so as to obtain the interface of the rock stratum.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the rock stratum interface delineation method based on rock drilling impact sound identification can timely and accurately judge the rock stratum boundary point, improves the accuracy and timeliness of ore body delineation, and can timely guide the next drilling parameter adjustment; by utilizing the collected coordinate information of the abrupt change boundary point, a rock stratum interface can be directly generated, and automatic delineation of the rock stratum interface of a rock drilling control area can be realized; the rock drilling engineering is utilized to complete the prospecting work, so that multiple purposes are achieved, and the quantity of the prospecting engineering and the prospecting cost are reduced; the problems of incomplete rock core after being washed by drilling water and low rock core acquisition rate and caused interface delineation error in the rock stratum weak interlayer geological drilling coring method are solved, and the acquisition precision of the interface of the weak interlayer is improved; the prospecting mesh degree is greatly encrypted, the accuracy of ore body delineation is improved, a geological foundation is laid for determining the ore body stoping range, and dilution loss of ore body stoping is favorably controlled and reduced; by establishing a lithology big database and utilizing a rock drilling impact sound identification technology, the identification of the rock stratum without coring can be realized, and the delineation efficiency of an ultra-deep rock stratum interface can be greatly improved.
In addition to the objects, features and advantages described above, other objects, features and advantages of the present invention are also provided. The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a block diagram of a structure of a rock formation boundary delineation method based on rock drilling impact sound recognition according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the design of the ore body boundary and the blast hole row face according to the preferred embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of the actual ore body boundary of the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of coordinate transformation of a selected borehole in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Illustration of the drawings:
1. a branch machine point; 2. the impact sound identification host; 3. a data transmission cable; 4. drilling a hole in the impact sound acquisition sensor; 5. an impact sound collection sensor; 6. designing a blast hole; 7. inferred ore body boundary lines; 8. actual ore body boundary line; 9. drill pipe trace.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the invention can be embodied in many different forms, which are defined and covered by the following description.
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a structure of a rock formation boundary delineation method based on rock drilling impact sound recognition according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the design of the ore body boundary and the blast hole row face according to the preferred embodiment of the invention; FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of the actual ore body boundary of the preferred embodiment of the present invention; fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of coordinate transformation of a selected borehole in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the rock formation interface delineation method based on rock drilling impact sound identification of the embodiment includes the following steps: a. designing a drilling hole, and determining a drilling machine point 1, an azimuth angle and an inclination angle of the drilling hole; b. installing a drilling machine according to the design of a drilled hole, measuring coordinates of a branch machine point 1 of the drilling machine, and taking the branch machine point 1 of the drilling machine as an original point of a coordinate system for calculating coordinates of lithologic abrupt boundary points; c. the method comprises the steps of sequentially drilling according to the designed azimuth angle and inclination angle of a drill hole, synchronously acquiring the length of a drill hole trace from a drill bit point 1 to the bottom of the drill hole and drilling impact sound in the drilling process, processing the drilling impact sound and determining a lithologic sudden change boundary point; d. resolving lithologic abrupt boundary point coordinates; e. repeating the step b, the step c and the step d, completing the rock drilling work of all drill holes, and obtaining lithologic mutation boundary point coordinate point clouds; f. and establishing a rock stratum interface by utilizing the lithologic abrupt change boundary point coordinate point cloud. The rock stratum interface delineation method based on rock drilling impact sound identification can timely and accurately judge the rock stratum boundary point, improves the accuracy and timeliness of ore body delineation, and can timely guide the next drilling parameter adjustment; by utilizing the collected coordinate information of the abrupt change boundary point, a rock stratum interface can be directly generated, and automatic delineation of the rock stratum interface of a rock drilling control area can be realized; the rock drilling engineering is utilized to complete the prospecting work, so that multiple purposes are achieved, and the quantity of the prospecting engineering and the prospecting cost are reduced; the problems of incomplete rock core after being washed by drilling water and low rock core acquisition rate and caused interface delineation error in the rock stratum weak interlayer geological drilling coring method are solved, and the acquisition precision of the interface of the weak interlayer is improved; the prospecting mesh degree is greatly encrypted, the accuracy of ore body delineation is improved, a geological foundation is laid for determining the ore body stoping range, and dilution loss of ore body stoping is favorably controlled and reduced; by establishing a lithology big database and utilizing a rock drilling impact sound identification technology, the identification of the rock stratum without coring can be realized, and the delineation efficiency of an ultra-deep rock stratum interface can be greatly improved. The rock stratum interface can be intelligently defined in real time, and management and control of development and utilization of mineral resources and low-lean-loss exploitation are facilitated.
In this embodiment, the rock drilling impact sound processing in step c specifically includes: pre-making an impact sound standard database; dividing the rock drilling impact sound collected continuously into impact sound sections, extracting characteristic parameters of the collected rock drilling impact sound sections, comparing the characteristic parameters with an impact sound standard database, determining lithology types, and judging lithology mutation time according to a comparison result.
In this embodiment, the impact sound standard database is specifically manufactured as follows: determining lithology of the ore body, the ore body surrounding rock and included stones in the ore body according to the occurrence conditions of the ore body, and classifying according to the lithology; performing rock drilling in a known lithologic region to obtain continuous impact sound original data, and dividing the continuous impact sound original data into impact sound sections; and extracting characteristic parameters of the lithologic impact sound from the impact sound segment, thereby constructing a standard data set used for judging the lithologic impact sound. And considering that the lithology has discreteness, selecting a standard data set acquired at different positions with the same lithology in a mining area as a comparison benchmark.
In this embodiment, the rock drilling impact sound processing in step c includes: continuously collecting impact sound in the rock drilling process, dividing collected impact sound data into impact sound sections, and extracting actually-measured rock drilling impact sound characteristic data which are the same as standard data in an impact sound standard database; then, the closeness of the actually measured rock drilling impact sound characteristic data and standard data contained in each lithology is obtained one by one, the maximum value of the closeness of each group of standard data in the actually measured rock drilling impact sound characteristic data and each lithology is obtained, and the lithology with the maximum closeness corresponds to and is identified as the lithology which is being drilled; or when the identified lithology is different from the last time or one section, judging the point as a lithologic mutation boundary point.
In this embodiment, the rock drilling impact sound processing in step c specifically includes: continuously collecting impact sound in the rock drilling process, and dividing collected impact sound data into impact sound sections; extracting a characteristic parameter set of the impact sound section, wherein the rock stratum has a certain thickness, so that the change range of the closeness of the characteristic parameter set of the impact sound section is small when the rock stratum with the same lithology is drilled; when the drill hole is drilled through rock formations with one lithology and another lithology, the characteristic parameters of the impact sound are subjected to sudden change, and the closeness is subjected to sudden change; determining a proximity threshold according to impact sound characteristic parameters acquired on a rock drilling site, comparing the proximity with the proximity threshold, and determining a lithologic sudden change boundary point at a sudden change moment when the proximity is lower than the proximity threshold in the comparison process.
In this embodiment, the rock drilling impact sound processing in step c specifically includes: synchronously acquiring the drilling trace length and the rock drilling impact sound of a drill rod from a branch machine point 1 to the bottom of a hole; dividing the collected rock drilling impact sound into impact sound segments, and extracting a characteristic parameter set of the impact sound segments; dividing the impact sound into at least one section on a time course by adopting a cluster analysis method according to the impact sound characteristic parameter set, wherein each section corresponds to one lithology, and a boundary point between two adjacent sections of lithologies is a time course boundary point of a lithologic sudden change boundary point; and determining the length of the drilling trace according to the time course boundary point.
In this embodiment, in the step d,the method for calculating the coordinates of the abrupt change boundary points comprises the following steps: let the point coordinate of the machine point 1 in the mining area coordinate system be U (X)U，YU，ZU) Establishing a spherical coordinate subsystem by taking a branch machine point 1 of a drilling machine as the origin of a coordinate system for calculating lithologic sudden change boundary point coordinates, knowing that the inclination angle of a drill hole is theta, the azimuth angle of the drill hole is phi, the length of a drill hole trace from the branch machine point 1 to the lithologic sudden change boundary point is r, the coordinates of the sudden change boundary point in the spherical coordinate subsystem are (r, theta, phi), and after converting into a mining area coordinate system, the coordinates of the sudden change boundary point are T (X)U+rsinθcosφ，YU+rsinθsinφ，ZU+rcosθ)。
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, in this embodiment, the drilling design in step a specifically includes: drawing to complete the design of the stope mining preparation engineering according to the geological data of the position of the ore body, and completing the construction of the mining preparation engineering; drawing a secondary rock stratum interface delineation graph according to the ore body condition disclosed by the mining preparation project; according to the secondary rock stratum interface delineation diagram, carrying out stoping blasting design and drawing a blast hole arrangement diagram; and determining a branch machine point 1 as a drilling machine installation position according to the arrangement of the blast holes, and simultaneously, determining the branch machine point as the origin of a judgment coordinate system defined by the interface of the whole rock stratum. As shown in fig. 2 and 4, a mining engineer draws a stoping blasting design according to the secondary delineation chart, draws a blast hole arrangement chart, arranges a blast hole arrangement chart, and determines a point coordinate O point of a branch machine point, an azimuth angle phi of a blast hole and an inclination angle theta of the blast hole. As shown in fig. 2, an inferred ore body boundary line 7 is obtained from the secondary delineation. The drilling machine is installed at a position P0 in a roadway, and blast holes 6 are designed to be arranged along the directions of P0P1, P0P2, P0P3, P0P4, P0P5, P0P6, P0P7, P0P8, P0P9, P0P10 and P0P11 respectively. In order to reduce the influence of noise in the rock drilling environment, the impact sound acquisition sensor drill hole 4 is drilled near the rock drilling position, and the impact sound acquisition sensor 5 is distributed in the impact sound acquisition sensor drill hole 4. An impact sound recognition host machine 2 is arranged in the roadway, and the impact sound recognition host machine 2 is electrically connected to the impact sound acquisition sensor through a data transmission cable.
In this embodiment, step b includes the following steps: and installing rock drilling impact sound acquisition equipment to acquire impact sound of the whole rock drilling process.
In this embodiment, the rock drilling impact sound collecting device includes an impact sound monitoring sensor for collecting impact sound real-time data information, a collecting module for collecting data information transmitted by the impact sound monitoring sensor, a storage module for storing the data information collected by the collecting module, and an identification module for comparing and identifying the data information stored by the storage module with an impact sound standard database to determine the lithology of the rock being drilled.
In this embodiment, the rock drilling impact sound collecting device further includes a transmission module for subjecting the data identified by the identification module to modulation and amplification processing and transmitting the data to the upper base station through a network, and an indication module for prompting the rock drilling site with the identified lithology through a display device and a sound and light signal to indicate and/or control the rock drilling device to perform subsequent operations.
In this embodiment, step c further includes: and recording the measured branch point 1, the azimuth angle of the blast hole and the inclination angle of the blast hole, and recording the advancing length of the drill rod from the branch point 1 to the most front end of the drill bit in the rock drilling process. The method comprises the steps of installing a drilling machine at a design position, selecting an azimuth angle phi and an inclination angle theta of a group of blast holes according to a drilling design scheme, drilling according to design requirements, recording a measured branch machine point 1, the azimuth angle phi of the blast holes and the inclination angle theta of the blast holes, and recording the propelling length of a drill rod from the branch machine point 1 to the foremost end of a drill bit in the drilling process.
In this embodiment, step f specifically includes: and completing rock drilling work of all designed drill holes, obtaining the lithologic abrupt change interface point cloud, and establishing the lithologic abrupt change interface by adopting a three-dimensional digital modeling software tool so as to obtain the interface of the rock stratum. Thereby obtaining an actual ore body boundary line 8. Each drilled borehole 6 constitutes a drill rod trajectory 9.
In the embodiment, the rock drilling impact sound for identifying the lithologic abrupt change boundary point is the sound generated by impact between a rock drilling bit and rock; or the impact sound generated by the impact of the geological hammer and the rock; or impact sound combined with its environment during rock drilling; or the impact sound generated by the impact of the specific object and the rock mass; or the impact sound of the rock drilling machine itself; or a sound file or vibration waveform file containing the drilling process.
In this embodiment, the impact sound segment characteristic parameter is a time domain and/or frequency domain characteristic value of the impact sound. The impact sound segment characteristic parameters comprise at least one of short-time energy, sound intensity, frequency, amplitude, wavelength, cepstrum coefficient, loudness, tone, timbre, zero crossing rate, power spectrum and fractal dimension characteristic values, and average values and variance values of all parameter values. The impact sound band characteristic parameter adopts at least one of the mathematics and signal processing method extracted from wavelet analysis, Fourier transform, statistical analysis, etc. Due to the diversity of lithology, the specific parameters are determined according to the rock drilling impact sound identification tests of different lithology types to be explored or target lithology of different mines.
In the embodiment, the acquired data is transmitted to the analysis chamber through the network, the rock drilling process of the mine is monitored in real time, and the automatic secondary delineation of the ore body of the whole mine is realized; and/or determining an ore body according to the finished drilling data, optimizing parameters of subsequent drilling operation, modulating the parameters into a format file which can be read by the rock drilling equipment, and then transmitting the format file to the rock drilling equipment, wherein the rock drilling equipment automatically finishes rock drilling according to the adjusted parameters; and/or transmitting subsequent drilling operation parameters to the portable display device for adjusting the drilling parameters; and networking the identification equipment, connecting the identification equipment with the Internet, and supervising and managing mineral resources on line. And the online supervision and management of the mineral resources by external departments such as geological resources and the like are realized.
In the embodiment, the sensor mounting position of the impact sound acquisition equipment is mounted in a rock mass for rock drilling according to the acquisition precision requirement; or is arranged in a rock drilling roadway; or installing while drilling; or on the rock drilling rig.
The first embodiment is as follows:
impact sound standard contrast identification abrupt change boundary point method
1. Drawing to finish the design of the mining preparation project of the stope according to the grasped geological data, and finishing the construction of the mining preparation project.
2. According to the ore body condition disclosed by the mining preparation project, a geological engineer compiles a secondary delineation map with a 1: 200 scale.
3. And drawing a stoping blasting design, drawing a blast hole arrangement diagram, arranging a blast hole arrangement diagram, and determining a point coordinate O point of a branch machine point, an azimuth angle phi of a blast hole and an inclination angle theta of the blast hole by a mining engineer according to the secondary delineation diagram. As shown in fig. 2 and 4.
4. In the range of 30m from the rock drilling position, drilling collector mounting holes, the aperture phi is 50mm, the hole depth is 1.0m, and impact sound collecting sensors are mounted in the holes so as to improve the rock drilling impact sound collecting precision. Optionally, the placement location is placed directly in the rock drilling roadway, and the acquisition module, the storage module, the identification module, the transmission module and the indication module are integrated. Optionally, the impact sound monitoring sensor is arranged only at the rock drilling position, and the acquisition module, the storage module, the identification module, the transmission module and the indication module are integrated.
(1) Acquisition module
And collecting data information transmitted by the impact sound collecting sensor.
(2) Storage module
Storing the collected data information transmitted by the impact sound collecting sensor; storing a lithology standard impact sound database file; and storing the recorded azimuth angle phi of the blast hole, the inclination angle theta of the blast hole and the advancing length r of the drill rod from the branch point to the most front end of the drill bit.
(3) Identification module
1) Lithology standard impact sound database
According to the occurrence conditions of the ore body, the lithology of the ore body, the surrounding rocks of the ore body and the included rocks of the ore body are determined and classified, then, rock drilling is carried out in the known lithology to obtain an impact sound original file, the obtained continuous acquisition file is divided into impact sound segments, impact sound characteristic parameters of the lithology are extracted from the impact sound segment file, so that a set of standard data files Ai ═ (Ai1, Ai2 and … Ain) (i is the number of characteristic data sets of one lithology, and n is the dimension of the impact sound characteristic parameters) used for judging the lithology is constructed, the same lithology is selected in the mining area in consideration of the fact that the lithology has regionality and discreteness, and the standard data files are acquired at different positions. And repeating the steps to construct standard data files of all lithologies.
2) Impact sound recognition
The method comprises the steps of dividing an obtained continuous acquisition file into impact sound segments by adopting a continuous acquisition mode, extracting characteristic data X which is the same as a standard data file (X1, X2 and … Xn), wherein i is 1-n, and Xi is a time domain or frequency domain characteristic value of impact sound and comprises more than one of sound intensity, frequency, amplitude and wavelength. And then, calculating the closeness of the characteristic data set in the X and the A in a fuzzy matching mode, wherein the lithology corresponding to Ai with the maximum closeness is the lithology of the rock being drilled. Optionally, the distance between X and the feature data set in a is calculated, and the closest distance determines that the lithology corresponding to the standard file data is the lithology of the rock being drilled. Optionally, a neural network algorithm is adopted, a standard data file is used for learning, the collected impact sound segment is used as input data, and the current lithology type is directly judged after prediction by the neural network algorithm.
(4) Transmission module
The identified data and the real-time recorded data are processed by modulation, amplification and the like, transmitted to a superior base station through a network, and uploaded to a data processor or a server step by step through the superior base station. And transmitting the data to a cloud end for external use, such as real-time monitoring and management of resource exploitation in the territorial resource part.
(5) Indicating module
When a certain lithology is identified, the acousto-optic signal prompts a rock drilling worker through the display device or directly controls the rock drilling device to perform subsequent operations.
5. Installing the drilling machine at the designed position, drilling according to the design, and recording the measured branch machine point O (X)0，Y0，Z0) The azimuth phi of the blast hole and the inclination angle theta of the blast hole, and the advance length r of the drill rod from the branch point to the foremost end of the drill bit are recorded during the rock drilling process.
6. The method comprises the steps of continuously collecting impact sound in the rock drilling process, dividing a collected impact sound file into impact sound segments, extracting characteristic data X which is the same as a standard data file (X1, X2, … Xn), wherein i is 1-n, and Xi is a time domain or frequency domain characteristic value of the impact sound and comprises at least one parameter value of sound intensity, frequency, amplitude and wavelength. And then calculating the closeness of the X and the standard data files contained in each lithology one by one, taking the maximum value of the closeness of the X and each group of standard data files in each lithology, identifying the lithology which is being drilled corresponding to the lithology with the maximum closeness, and judging that the point is a lithologic mutation boundary point when the identified lithology is different from the last lithology (or one section).
7. The calculation mode of the mutation boundary point coordinates is as follows: setting the point coordinate of the machine point in the mining area coordinate system as U (X)U，YU，ZU) And establishing a spherical coordinate subsystem by taking the drilling machine point as the origin of a coordinate system, as shown in fig. 3, knowing that the inclination angle of the drilling hole is theta, the azimuth angle of the drilling hole is phi, and the recorded length of a drilling trace from the drilling machine point to the lithologic abrupt change boundary point is r, then the coordinate of the abrupt change boundary point in the spherical coordinate subsystem is (r, theta, phi), and after converting to a mining area coordinate system, the coordinate of the abrupt change boundary point is T (X)U+rsinθcosφ，YU+rsinθsinφ，ZU+rcosθ)。
8. And completing rock drilling work of all designed drill holes, obtaining the lithologic abrupt change interface point cloud, and establishing the lithologic abrupt change interface by adopting a three-dimensional digital modeling software tool so as to obtain the interface of the rock stratum. As shown in fig. 3.
Example two:
self-comparison rock stratum interface mutation boundary point identification method
1. Drawing to finish the design of the mining preparation project of the stope according to the grasped geological data, and finishing the construction of the mining preparation project.
2. According to the ore body condition disclosed by the mining preparation project, a geological engineer compiles a secondary delineation map with a 1: 200 scale.
3. And drawing a stoping blasting design, drawing a blast hole arrangement diagram, arranging a blast hole arrangement diagram, and determining a point coordinate O point of a branch machine point, an azimuth angle phi of a blast hole and an inclination angle theta of the blast hole by a mining engineer according to the secondary delineation diagram. As shown in fig. 2 and 4.
4. Within the range of 30m from the rock drilling position, shallow holes are adopted to drill phi 50mm drill holes, the impact sound acquisition sensors are installed in the holes so as to improve the rock drilling impact sound acquisition precision, cables are adopted to be connected with an impact sound identification host, and the host is provided with a module for acquiring data information of the impact sound monitoring sensors, storing, identifying and transmitting the data information and indicating the data information according to an identification result. Optionally, the placement location is placed directly in the rock drilling roadway, and the acquisition module, the storage module, the identification module, the transmission module and the indication module are integrated. Optionally, the impact sound monitoring sensor is arranged only at the rock drilling position, and the acquisition module, the storage module, the identification module, the transmission module and the indication module are integrated.
(1) Acquisition module
And collecting data information transmitted by the impact sound collecting sensor.
(2) Storage module
Storing the collected data information transmitted by the impact sound collecting sensor; storing a lithology standard impact sound database file; and storing the recorded azimuth angle phi of the blast hole, the inclination angle theta of the blast hole and the advancing length r of the drill rod from the branch point to the most front end of the drill bit.
(3) Identification module
And adopting a continuous acquisition mode, dividing the acquired continuous acquisition file into impact sound segments, and extracting characteristic data X which is the same as the standard data file (X1, X2 and … Xn), wherein i is 1-n, and Xi is a time domain or frequency domain characteristic value of the impact sound and comprises at least one parameter value of sound intensity, frequency, amplitude and wavelength. Because the rock stratum has certain thickness, when drilling in the rock stratum of the same lithology, the proximity of the characteristic parameter set of the impact sound monitored at the current moment and the characteristic parameter set of the impact sound monitored at the previous moment is large, when a drill hole penetrates through the rock stratum of one lithology and enters the rock stratum of another lithology, the characteristic parameter set of the impact sound is subjected to mutation, the proximity is compared with a threshold value, and the mutation moment when the proximity is lower than the threshold value in the comparison process is determined as a lithology mutation boundary point. The mutation boundary point is determined by utilizing the characteristic, so that the process of establishing a standard database file is omitted.
(4) Transmission module
The identified data and the real-time recorded data are processed by modulation, amplification and the like, transmitted to a superior base station through a network, and uploaded to a data processor or a server step by step through the superior base station. And transmitting the data to a cloud end for external use, such as real-time monitoring and management of resource exploitation in the territorial resource part.
(5) Indicating module
When a certain lithology is identified, the acousto-optic signal prompts a rock drilling worker through the display device or directly controls the rock drilling device to perform subsequent operations.
5. Installing the drilling machine at the designed position, drilling according to the design, and recording the measured branch machine point O (X)0，Y0，Z0) The azimuth phi of the blast hole and the inclination angle theta of the blast hole, and the advance length r of the drill rod from the branch point to the foremost end of the drill bit are recorded during the rock drilling process.
6. And adopting a continuous acquisition mode, dividing the acquired continuous acquisition file into impact sound segments, and extracting characteristic data X which is the same as the standard data file (X1, X2 and … Xn), wherein i is 1-n, and Xi is a time domain or frequency domain characteristic value of the impact sound and comprises at least one parameter value of sound intensity, frequency, amplitude and wavelength. Because the rock stratum has a certain thickness, when drilling in the rock stratum with the same lithology, the closeness of the characteristic parameter set of the impact sound monitored at the current moment and the characteristic parameter set of the impact sound monitored at the previous moment is large; when the drill hole passes through rock formations of one lithology and another lithology, the characteristic parameter set of the impact sound is mutated, and the closeness is mutated; and comparing the closeness with a threshold value, and determining the mutation moment with the closeness lower than the threshold value in the comparison process as a lithologic mutation boundary point.
7. The calculation mode of the mutation boundary point coordinates is as follows: setting the point coordinate of the machine point in the mining area coordinate system as U (X)U，YU，ZU) And establishing a spherical coordinate subsystem by taking the drilling machine point as the origin of a coordinate system, as shown in fig. 3, knowing that the inclination angle of the drilling hole is theta, the azimuth angle of the drilling hole is phi, and the recorded length of a drilling trace from the drilling machine point to the lithologic abrupt change boundary point is r, then the coordinate of the abrupt change boundary point in the spherical coordinate subsystem is (r, theta, phi), and after converting to a mining area coordinate system, the coordinate of the abrupt change boundary point is T (X)U+rsinθcosφ，YU+rsinθsinφ，ZU+rcosθ)。
8. And completing rock drilling work of all designed drill holes, obtaining the lithologic abrupt change interface point cloud, and establishing the lithologic abrupt change interface by adopting a three-dimensional digital modeling software tool so as to obtain the interface of the rock stratum. As shown in fig. 3.
Example three:
method for obtaining lithologic mutation boundary points through clustering analysis
1. Drawing to finish the design of the mining preparation project of the stope according to the grasped geological data, and finishing the construction of the mining preparation project.
2. According to the ore body condition disclosed by the mining preparation project, a geological engineer compiles a secondary delineation map with a 1: 200 scale.
3. And drawing a stoping blasting design, drawing a blast hole arrangement diagram, arranging a blast hole arrangement diagram, and determining a point coordinate O point of a branch machine point, an azimuth angle phi of a blast hole and an inclination angle theta of the blast hole by a mining engineer according to the secondary delineation diagram. As shown in fig. 2 and 4.
4. Within the range of 30m from the rock drilling position, shallow holes are adopted to drill phi 50mm drill holes, the impact sound acquisition sensors are installed in the holes so as to improve the rock drilling impact sound acquisition precision, cables are adopted to be connected with an impact sound identification host, and the host is provided with data information of the impact sound monitoring sensors and stores and transmits the data information. Optionally, the system comprises an identification module and a module for indicating according to the identification result.
5. Installing the drilling machine at the designed position, drilling according to the design, and recording the measured branch machine point O (X)0，Y0，Z0) The azimuth phi of the blast hole and the inclination angle theta of the blast hole, and the advance length r of the drill rod from the branch point to the foremost end of the drill bit are recorded during the rock drilling process.
6. The method comprises the steps of collecting impact sound time-course data and time-course drilling trace length corresponding to the impact sound time-course, dividing an obtained continuous collection file into impact sound segments, and extracting characteristic data X (X1, X2 and … Xn) which are the same as standard data files, wherein i is 1-n, and Xi is a time domain or frequency domain characteristic value of impact sound and comprises at least one parameter value of sound intensity, frequency, amplitude and wavelength. And then, dividing the impact sound into sections with the same characteristics by adopting a cluster analysis method, wherein each section corresponds to one lithology, a boundary point between two adjacent sections of lithologies is a lithologic sudden change time range boundary point, and the length of a drilling trace corresponding to the time range boundary point is r corresponding to the sudden change boundary point. The method can uniformly identify after drilling is finished, analysis is not needed to be carried out in real time, and the processing difficulty is reduced.
7. The calculation mode of the mutation boundary point coordinates is as follows: setting the point coordinate of the machine point in the mining area coordinate system as U (X)U，YU，ZU) And establishing a spherical coordinate subsystem by taking the drilling machine point as the origin of a coordinate system, as shown in fig. 3, knowing that the inclination angle of the drilling hole is theta, the azimuth angle of the drilling hole is phi, and the recorded length of a drilling trace from the drilling machine point to the lithologic abrupt change boundary point is r, then the coordinate of the abrupt change boundary point in the spherical coordinate subsystem is (r, theta, phi), and after converting to a mining area coordinate system, the coordinate of the abrupt change boundary point is T (X)U+rsinθcosφ，YU+rsinθsinφ，ZU+rcosθ)。
8. And completing rock drilling work of all designed drill holes, obtaining the lithologic abrupt change interface point cloud, and establishing the lithologic abrupt change interface by adopting a three-dimensional digital modeling software tool so as to obtain the interface of the rock stratum. As shown in fig. 3.
Example four:
the drill hole is used for delineation of a heterogeneous interface, the difference between two media is large, and when one medium enters the other medium, the impact sound of the drill hole is subjected to sudden change. The characteristic can be used for heterogeneous interface delineation of two-step filling mining, filling is carried out after one-step stope mining, when rock drilling is carried out in two-step stope mining, a drilling track firstly penetrates through an ore body and then enters a filling body, when a drill bit enters the filling body from the ore body, due to the huge difference of the physical characteristics of the rock and the filling body, rock drilling impact sound is remarkably changed, and an abrupt change boundary point is determined through the characteristic abrupt change of the impact sound. The other procedure is similar to the second embodiment.
Example five:
the data file of the current drilling impact sound comparison is as follows: and performing cluster analysis on the monitoring data of the first drilled holes, classifying rock masses with impact sound characteristic similarity reaching a threshold value into a lithology, extracting impact sound characteristic parameter values of the lithology, manufacturing impact sound standard data files, and repeating the steps to respectively manufacture the impact sound standard data files of different lithologies passed by each drilled hole. And extracting a subsequent drilling impact sound characteristic parameter set, comparing the subsequent drilling impact sound characteristic parameter set with the obtained impact sound parameter standard file in a closeness mode, and judging the lithology currently drilled to be the lithology type with the same lithology obtained in the corresponding previous stage when the correlation meets the threshold requirement, so that the interface of the lithology is determined.
Example six:
the acquisition sensor is fixed at the rear end of the drill bit, and the distance between the sensor and the drill bit is always kept unchanged. The method can avoid the difficult problem that the sound cannot be collected due to the over-deep impact of the drill hole, and solve the technical problem of delineation of the interface of the ultra-deep rock stratum.
The rock stratum interface delineation method based on rock drilling impact sound identification has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the rock stratum demarcation point can be timely and accurately judged, the accuracy and timeliness of ore body delineation are improved, the drilling parameter adjustment on the next step can be timely guided, the receiving equipment is arranged on a stope, the analysis result can be directly transmitted to the personal portable display equipment, or the rock drilling equipment is directly driven to modify the drilling parameter.
(2) The underground monitoring network and the transmission system are constructed, analysis can be directly carried out in an analysis room, the computer can directly generate a rock stratum interface by utilizing the collected coordinate information of the abrupt change point of boundary, and automatic delineation of the rock stratum interface of a rock drilling control area can be realized.
(3) The rock drilling engineering is utilized to complete the prospecting work, thereby achieving multiple purposes and reducing the quantity of the prospecting engineering and the prospecting cost.
(4) The problem of rock core incomplete after drilling water washing, low rock core acquisition rate and interface delineation error caused by a rock stratum weak interlayer geological drilling coring method is solved, and acquisition precision of a weak interlayer interface is improved.
(5) Greatly encrypts the prospecting mesh size, improves the accuracy of ore body delineation, lays a geological foundation for determining the ore body stoping range, and is beneficial to controlling and reducing dilution loss of ore body stoping.
(6) By establishing a lithology big database and utilizing a rock drilling impact sound identification technology, the identification of the rock stratum without coring can be realized, and the delineation efficiency of an ultra-deep rock stratum interface can be greatly improved.
(7) Through data sharing, external departments such as geological resources can monitor and manage mineral resources on line, and the utilization rate of the mineral resources is improved.
(8) And the delineation of the boundary line of the ore rock is automatic, so that the interference of human factors is reduced, the management of a construction party is facilitated, and the simplification of mine management is facilitated.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A rock stratum interface delineation method based on rock drilling impact sound identification is used for mine production prospecting, and the delineation of the rock stratum interface is simultaneously carried out in the rock drilling operation process,
the method comprises the following steps:
a. designing a drilling hole, and determining a drilling machine point, an azimuth angle and an inclination angle of the drilling hole;
b. installing a drilling machine according to the design of a drilling hole, measuring the coordinates of the branch machine points of the drilling machine, and taking the branch machine points of the drilling machine as the origin of a coordinate system calculated by the coordinates of the lithologic abrupt boundary points;
c. the method comprises the steps of sequentially drilling according to the designed azimuth angle and inclination angle of a drill hole, synchronously acquiring the drill hole trace length and drilling impact sound of a drill rod from a branch machine point to the bottom of the drill hole in the drilling process, processing the drilling impact sound and determining a lithologic sudden change boundary point;
the collected data are transmitted to an analysis room through a network, the rock drilling process of the mine is monitored in real time, and automatic secondary delineation of the ore body of the whole mine is realized; determining an ore body according to the finished drilling data, optimizing parameters of subsequent drilling operation, modulating the ore body into a format file which can be read by the rock drilling equipment, and then transmitting the format file to the rock drilling equipment, wherein the rock drilling equipment automatically finishes rock drilling according to the adjusted parameters; transmitting subsequent drilling operation parameters to the portable display device for adjusting the drilling parameters; networking the identification equipment, connecting the identification equipment with the Internet, and carrying out online supervision and management on mineral resources so as to realize online supervision and management on the mineral resources by an external department;
d. resolving lithologic abrupt boundary point coordinates;
e. repeating the step b, the step c and the step d, completing the rock drilling work of all drill holes, and obtaining lithologic mutation boundary point coordinate point clouds;
f. and establishing a rock stratum interface by utilizing the lithologic abrupt change boundary point coordinate point cloud.
2. The rock formation interface delineation method based on rock drilling impact acoustic identification of claim 1,
the rock drilling impact sound treatment in the step c specifically comprises the following steps:
pre-making an impact sound standard database;
dividing the rock drilling impact sound collected continuously into impact sound sections, extracting characteristic parameters of the collected rock drilling impact sound sections, comparing the characteristic parameters with an impact sound standard database, determining lithology types, and judging lithology mutation time according to a comparison result.
3. The rock formation interface delineation method based on rock drilling impact acoustic identification of claim 2,
the method comprises the following steps of (1) making an impact sound standard database, specifically:
determining lithology of the ore body, the ore body surrounding rock and included stones in the ore body according to the occurrence conditions of the ore body, and classifying according to the lithology;
performing rock drilling in a known lithologic region to obtain continuous impact sound original data, and dividing the continuous impact sound original data into impact sound sections;
extracting characteristic parameters of lithologic impact sound from the impact sound segment so as to construct a standard data set used for judging the lithologic impact sound;
and considering that the lithology has discreteness, selecting a standard data set acquired at different positions with the same lithology in a mining area as a comparison benchmark.
4. The rock formation interface delineation method based on rock drilling impact acoustic identification of claim 1,
the rock drilling impact sound treatment in the step c specifically comprises the following steps:
continuously collecting impact sound in the rock drilling process, dividing collected impact sound data into impact sound sections, and extracting actually-measured rock drilling impact sound characteristic data which are the same as standard data in an impact sound standard database;
then, the closeness of the actually measured rock drilling impact sound characteristic data and standard data contained in each lithology is obtained one by one, the maximum value of the closeness of each group of standard data in the actually measured rock drilling impact sound characteristic data and each lithology is obtained, and the lithology with the maximum closeness corresponds to and is identified as the lithology which is being drilled; or
When the identified lithology is different from the last time or one section, the point is judged to be a lithologic mutation boundary point.
5. The rock formation interface delineation method based on rock drilling impact acoustic identification of claim 1,
the rock drilling impact sound treatment in the step c specifically comprises the following steps:
continuously collecting impact sound in the rock drilling process, and dividing collected impact sound data into impact sound sections;
extracting a characteristic parameter set of the impact sound section, wherein the rock stratum has a certain thickness, so that the change range of the closeness of the characteristic parameter set of the impact sound section is small when the rock stratum with the same lithology is drilled;
when the drill hole is drilled through rock formations with one lithology and another lithology, the characteristic parameters of the impact sound are subjected to sudden change, and the closeness is subjected to sudden change;
determining a proximity threshold according to impact sound characteristic parameters acquired on a rock drilling site, comparing the proximity with the proximity threshold, and determining a lithologic sudden change boundary point at a sudden change moment when the proximity is lower than the proximity threshold in the comparison process.
6. The rock formation interface delineation method based on rock drilling impact acoustic identification of claim 1,
the rock drilling impact sound treatment in the step c specifically comprises the following steps:
synchronously acquiring the length of a drilling trace and the rock drilling impact sound of a drill rod from a branch machine point to the bottom of a hole;
dividing the collected rock drilling impact sound into impact sound segments, and extracting a characteristic parameter set of the impact sound segments;
dividing the impact sound into at least one section on a time course by adopting a cluster analysis method according to the impact sound characteristic parameter set, wherein each section corresponds to one lithology, and a boundary point between two adjacent sections of lithologies is a time course boundary point of a lithologic sudden change boundary point;
and determining the length of the drilling trace according to the time course boundary point.
7. The rock formation delineation method based on rock drilling impact acoustic identification as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6,
in the step d, the calculation mode of the coordinates of the mutation boundary points is as follows:
setting the point coordinate of the machine point in the mining area coordinate system as U (X)U，YU，ZU) Establishing a spherical coordinate subsystem by taking a branch machine point of a drilling machine as the origin of a coordinate system for calculating the lithologic abrupt change boundary point coordinate, knowing that the inclination angle of a drill hole is theta, the azimuth angle of the drill hole is phi, and the length of a drill hole trace from the branch machine point to the lithologic abrupt change boundary point is r, then the coordinate of the abrupt change boundary point in the spherical coordinate subsystem is (r, theta, phi), converting the coordinate into a mining area coordinate system, and then the coordinate of the abrupt change boundary point is T (X)U+rsinθcosφ，YU+rsinθsinφ，ZU+rcosθ)。
8. The rock formation delineation method based on rock drilling impact acoustic identification as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6,
the step b is added with the following steps:
and installing rock drilling impact sound acquisition equipment to acquire impact sound of the whole rock drilling process.
9. The rock formation interface delineation method based on rock drilling impact acoustic identification of claim 8,
the rock drilling impact sound acquisition equipment comprises an impact sound monitoring sensor for acquiring impact sound real-time data information, an acquisition module for acquiring data information transmitted by the impact sound monitoring sensor, a storage module for storing the data information acquired by the acquisition module, and an identification module for comparing and identifying the data information stored by the storage module with an impact sound standard database so as to judge the lithology of rock drilling.
10. The rock formation interface delineation method based on rock drilling impact acoustic identification of claim 8,
the rock drilling impact sound acquisition device also comprises a transmission module used for carrying out modulation amplification processing on the data identified by the identification module and transmitting the data to the upper base station through a network, and an indication module used for prompting the rock drilling site by the identified lithology through a display device and a sound-light signal so as to indicate and/or control the rock drilling device to carry out subsequent operation.
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