CN111702277A - Ti2Medium-temperature Ti-based brazing filler metal special for brazing same or different AlNb-based alloy materials and preparation method and brazing process thereof - Google Patents
Ti2Medium-temperature Ti-based brazing filler metal special for brazing same or different AlNb-based alloy materials and preparation method and brazing process thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111702277A CN111702277A CN202010403184.1A CN202010403184A CN111702277A CN 111702277 A CN111702277 A CN 111702277A CN 202010403184 A CN202010403184 A CN 202010403184A CN 111702277 A CN111702277 A CN 111702277A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/008—Soldering within a furnace
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/002—Soldering by means of induction heating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K3/00—Tools, devices, or special appurtenances for soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering, not specially adapted for particular methods
- B23K3/08—Auxiliary devices therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/18—Dissimilar materials
- B23K2103/24—Ferrous alloys and titanium or alloys thereof
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of welding, and particularly relates to Ti2A special intermediate-temperature Ti-based brazing filler metal for brazing same or different AlNb-based alloys, a preparation method and a brazing process thereof. The brazing filler metal comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 5 to 20 percent of Fe, 15 to 40 percent of Cu, less than one or more than two of small elements of Al, B, Co, Cr, Mn, Mg, Ni, Ag, Nb and Zn less than or equal to 5 percent, one or more than two of trace elements of Zr, Hf, V, Ta, Mo, W, Au, Si, Sn, Pd and Ga less than or equal to 2 percent, and the balance of Ti element and inevitable impurity elements. The preparation method of the brazing filler metal comprises the following steps: firstly, weighing raw materials; secondly, smelting a brazing filler metal master alloy; thirdly, quenching the smelted master alloyAnd (4) throwing to obtain the brazing filler metal. The brazing filler metal is brazed according to a brazing process of 980-1030 ℃ and 0-120 min. Compared with the existing solder, the solder prepared by the invention has the advantages of proper melting point, excellent wettability and high-temperature mechanical property, and simple preparation and soldering processes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of welding, and particularly relates to Ti2A special intermediate-temperature Ti-based brazing filler metal for brazing same or different AlNb-based alloys, a preparation method and a brazing process thereof.
Background
As is well known, the engine is used as the heart of various aircrafts, and the development degree of aviation and aerospace engine materials is the most limited. Because the service conditions of engines in the fields of aviation and aerospace are harsh, the materials are required to have excellent room temperature performance and excellent high temperature performance. At the same time, the material also has good processing performance and high specific strength so as to facilitate the processing of parts and reduce the specific gravity of the component.
The Ti-Al intermetallic compound is used as a mesophase compound, and has the advantages of low density, high elastic modulus, good high-temperature strength, creep resistance, oxidation resistance and the like, so that the Ni-based superalloy becomes a novel high-temperature light material with wide application prospect in the fields of aviation and aerospace2-Ti3Al-based alloys and γ -TiAl-based alloys have poor room temperature formability and thermoplastic deformability, although they have high specific strength and low density. The students are on Ti3In the toughening research process of the Al-based alloy, β stabilizing element Nb is added, and Ti is further found2AlNb-based alloy (i.e., O-phase alloy) which is α in the D019 structure as a typical Ti-Al based intermetallic compound2-Ti3Al and gamma-Ti Al of the structure L10. The intermetallic compound with the orthogonal structure has the characteristics of high specific strength and specific stiffness, high-temperature creep resistance and fracture toughness, good oxidation resistance, low thermal expansion coefficient and the like, the use temperature can reach 700 ℃, the intermetallic compound is superior to nickel-based high-temperature alloy, can replace the nickel-based high-temperature alloy to realize the weight reduction effect, and the weight of the same part is reduced by nearly 40 percent compared with the weight of the nickel-based alloy. These excellent properties of Ti2AlNb-based alloys have become the most promising light weight, high temperature structural materials and have begun to enter the use stage in the aerospace field.
At Ti2AlNb-based alloy usedIn the process, the connection problem between the alloy and the alloy is inevitable. From the current published paper situation at home and abroad, Ti2The connection technology of AlNb-based alloys is mainly classified into fusion welding (e.g., arc welding, laser welding, and electron beam welding), and solid state welding (e.g., diffusion welding, self-propagating high-temperature synthesis, and friction welding), which have problems that are difficult to overcome. Compared with the prior art, the brazing method has the advantages of low brazing temperature, small influence on the base metal, small joint residual stress, capability of selecting various filling metals according to the requirements of the connection temperature and the joint strength, and suitability for connecting difficult-to-melt metals and dissimilar metals. Therefore, the brazing method is adopted for Ti2The AlNb-based alloy has good prospect for connection.
Solder is one of the important factors affecting the performance of soldered joints, and at present, soldering Ti2The brazing filler metal of AlNb-based alloys is mainly of 3 types, i.e., silver-based, aluminum-based, titanium-based or titanium-zirconium-based. The Ag-based solder has a proper melting point, but the Ag-based solder is sensitive to chloride ions, so that the corrosion resistance of a soldered joint is poor, and the strength of the soldered joint is low. While the Al-based brazing filler metal is used for brazing Ti2In the case of AlNb-based alloys, a large amount of brittle intermetallic compound phases are formed at the joint, so that the joint brittleness increases, and the fatigue properties and impact strength are low. In addition, the Ag-based and Al-based solders have low melting points and thus the use temperatures of the materials after brazing are low. Compared with Ag-based and Al-based solders, Ti-based solders are based on Ti2The AlNb-based alloy has good wettability on the surface, and the joint has high strength after welding and excellent corrosion resistance. However, the conventional Ti-based brazing filler metal has the following three disadvantages: first, Ti2The AlNb-based alloy is used as a titanium alloy material used at high temperature, the use temperature of the AlNb-based alloy is higher than that of a common titanium alloy, and the high-temperature performance of a welding joint is reduced when the low-temperature Ti-based brazing filler metal is adopted for welding (such as Ti-Zr-Cu-Ni brazing filler metal and the like); second, Ti2The common solid solution temperature of AlNb-based alloy is 980 ℃/2-4 h, if high-temperature Ti-based brazing filler metal is adopted for welding (such as Ti-Ni-Nb-based brazing filler metal, Ti-Cr-Ta/Nb-based brazing filler metal and the like), the base material structure can be subjected to phase change, and the mechanical property of the base material structure can be changed, so that the AlNb-based alloy is further subjected to phase changeDoes not reach Ti2Service requirements of the AlNb-based alloy parent metal; further, Ti2AlNb-based alloys also represent a class of titanium alloys with similar phase transition characteristics, and the brazing filler metal capable of meeting the brazing requirements of the titanium alloys is currently under fresh research.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, in order to solve at least one technical problem in the three aspects, the invention aims to provide a Ti-based alloy suitable for Ti2The medium-temperature Ti-based brazing filler metal special for brazing the same or different AlNb-based alloys as well as the preparation method and the brazing process thereof can not only meet the requirement of Ti2The brazing requirement of the same material and different material of the AlNb-based alloy is expanded, the application space of the AlNb-based alloy in aviation and aerospace is expanded, and the brazing connection requirement of other titanium alloys with similar phase change characteristics can be realized.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
ti2The medium-temperature Ti-based brazing filler metal special for the same-material or different-material brazing of the AlNb-based alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 5 to 20 percent of Fe, 15 to 40 percent of Cu (preferably 25 to 35 percent), a small amount of one or more than two of Al, B, Co, Cr, Mn, Mg, Ni, Ag, Nb and Zn less than or equal to 5 percent, one or more than two of trace elements of Zr, Hf, V, Ta, Mo, W, Au, Si, Sn, Pd and Ga less than or equal to 2 percent, and the balance of Ti element and inevitable impurity elements.
The Ti2The medium-temperature Ti-based brazing filler metal special for the same-material or different-material brazing of the AlNb-based alloy is a small amount of elements and trace elements such as Al, B, Co, Cr, Mn, Mg, Ni, Ag, Nb, Zn, Zr, Hf, V, Ta, Mo, W, Au, Si, Sn, Pd and Ga, and the combination mode adopts one of the following:
(1) adding one element, Al, B, Co, Cr, Mn, Mg, Ni, Ag, Nb, Zn, Zr, Hf, V, Ta, Mo, W, Au, Si, Sn, Pd and Ga;
(2) adding two elements, Al + B, Al + Nb, Al + Co, Nb + Cr or Co + B;
(3) adding three elements, Al + B + Nb, Al + B + Cr, Nb + Cr + B, Al + B + Ag or Mg + B + Ag;
(4) adding four elements, Al + B + Nb + Cr, Al + B + Nb + Co or Al + B + Mg + Zn;
(5) adding five elements, Al + B + Nb + Cr + Co or Al + B + Mg + Nb + Zn;
(6) adding six elements, Al + B + Nb + Cr + Mg + Ag or Al + B + Co + Cr + Mg + Ag;
(7) adding seven elements, Al + B + Nb + Cr + Co + Ag + Zn;
(8) adding eight elements, Al + B + Nb + Cr + Co + Mg + Ag + Zn;
(9) adding nine elements, Al + B + Nb + Cr + Co + Mg + Ag + Zn + Mn;
(10) adding ten elements, namely Al + B + Nb + Cr + Co + Mg + Ag + Zn + Mn + Ni;
(11) eleven elements, namely Al + B + Nb + Cr + Co + Mg + Ag + Zn + Mn + Ni + Zr are added;
(12) adding twelve elements, Al + B + Nb + Cr + Co + Mg + Ag + Zn + Mn + Ni + Zr + Hf;
(13) adding thirteen elements, namely Al + B + Nb + Cr + Co + Mg + Ag + Zn + Mn + Ni + Zr + Hf + V;
(14) adding fourteen elements, namely Al + B + Nb + Cr + Co + Mg + Ag + Zn + Mn + Ni + Zr + Hf + V + Ta;
(15) adding fifteen elements, namely Al + B + Nb + Cr + Co + Mg + Ag + Zn + Mn + Ni + Zr + Hf + V + Ta + Mo;
(16) adding sixteen elements, namely Al + B + Nb + Cr + Co + Mg + Ag + Zn + Mn + Ni + Zr + Hf + V + Ta + Mo + W;
(17) adding seventeen elements, namely Al + B + Nb + Cr + Co + Mg + Ag + Zn + Mn + Ni + Zr + Hf + V + Ta + Mo + W + Au;
(18) adding eighteen elements, namely Al + B + Nb + Cr + Co + Mg + Ag + Zn + Mn + Ni + Zr + Hf + V + Ta + Mo + W + Au + Si;
(19) adding nineteen elements, namely Al + B + Nb + Cr + Co + Mg + Ag + Zn + Mn + Ni + Zr + Hf + V + Ta + Mo + W + Au + Si + Sn;
(20) adding twenty elements, namely Al + B + Nb + Cr + Co + Mg + Ag + Zn + Mn + Ni + Zr + Hf + V + Ta + Mo + W + Au + Si + Sn + Pd;
(21) adding twenty-one element, Al + B + Nb + Cr + Co + Mg + Ag + Zn + Mn + Ni + Zr + Hf + V + Ta + Mo + W + Au + Si + Sn + Pd + Ga.
The Ti2The preparation method of the special intermediate-temperature Ti-based brazing filler metal for brazing the same or different AlNb-based alloy comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing raw materials on an electronic balance according to a proportion, wherein the purity of the raw materials is over 99.9 wt%;
(2) placing the raw materials prepared according to the proportion in a high-vacuum non-consumable electric arc furnace protected by Ar atmosphere;
(3) before smelting, the furnace is firstly vacuumized to 1 × 10-3～1×10-4Pa, filling argon to wash the furnace for 2-4 times, and vacuumizing to 1 × 10-3～1×10-4Pa, argon is filled again to be more than 0.035 MPa;
(4) smelting, namely repeatedly smelting the sample in the water-cooled copper crucible for 8-10 times under the action of electromagnetic stirring in order to make the as-cast alloy uniform, and overturning the sample by using an inverted poking rod;
(5) the alloy after smelting is prepared Ti2A special intermediate-temperature Ti-based brazing filler metal master alloy for the AlNb-based alloy;
(6) carrying out annealing treatment on the brazing filler metal master alloy in a vacuum heat treatment furnace at 700-900 ℃ for 10-15 h to make the components of the brazing filler metal master alloy more uniform;
(7) crushing the brazing filler metal master alloy, and then loading the crushed brazing filler metal master alloy into a quartz glass tube of a single-roller melt-spun machine; the cross section of the quartz glass tube nozzle is rectangular, the length a of the quartz glass tube nozzle is 6-8 mm, and the width b of the quartz glass tube nozzle is 0.5-1 mm;
(8) clamping a quartz glass tube in an induction heating ring of a single-roller melt-spun machine, and adjusting the distance between a nozzle of the quartz glass tube and the surface of a copper roller to be 0.2-0.3 mm so as to ensure that liquid sprayed on the copper roller is in a flat flow state and form a stable flow state;
(9) closing the furnace door of the single-roller melt-spun machine, and vacuumizing to 1.5 × 10 by using a mechanical pump-1Pa above, molecular pump pumping high vacuum to 3 × 10-3The pressure is above Pa, and then the cavity of the single-roller melt-spun machine is filled with high-purity Ar gas;
(10) starting a high-frequency power supply of the single-roller melt-spun machine, carrying out high-frequency induction heating on the master alloy in the quartz glass tube until the master alloy is completely and uniformly melted, and keeping the melt-blown temperature T at 1100-1250 ℃ for 30 seconds to 2 minutes;
(11) starting a motor of the single-roller melt-spun machine, selecting a copper roller with the diameter of 220-240 mm and the width of 30-50 mm, and adjusting the rotating speed u of the copper rollers＝20～35m/s；
(12) Adjust Ar gas pressure to 0.1 ℃0.3MPa, using high-pressure argon gas to continuously spray the overheated melt in the quartz glass tube onto the surface of a cooling copper roller rotating at high speed, and quenching the liquid metal to form a foil strip shape, thereby obtaining Ti2The medium-temperature Ti-based brazing filler metal special for the same-material or different-material brazing of the AlNb-based alloy.
The Ti2In the step (1), when Mn element is added into the brazing filler metal, because Mn element is volatilized in a large amount during smelting, Mn element is required to be compensated when the components are prepared, and the compensation rate of Mn element is 1-2 wt%.
The Ti2The preparation method of the special intermediate-temperature Ti-based brazing filler metal for the same-material or different-material brazing of the AlNb-based alloy is preferably that in the step (3), argon is filled to 0.04-0.08 MPa again.
The Ti2The preparation method of the special medium-temperature Ti-based brazing filler metal for brazing the same or different AlNb-based alloy preferably comprises the step (9) of vacuumizing to 1 × 10 by using a mechanical pump-1～1×10-2Pa, molecular pump pumping high vacuum to 1 × 10-3～1×10-4Pa, filling argon to 0.04-0.08 MPa.
The Ti2The brazing process of the special intermediate temperature Ti-based brazing filler metal for brazing the same material or different materials of the AlNb-based alloy comprises the following steps of brazing Ti before brazing2Sequentially carrying out ultrasonic cleaning on a special medium-temperature Ti-based brazing filler metal for brazing the same or different AlNb-based alloy and an alloy sample to be brazed in an acetone solution and an ethanol solution for 10-20 min respectively to remove surface impurities, taking out and drying, assembling the alloy/brazing filler metal/alloy to be brazed in a brazing clamp in the sequence of the alloy to be brazed/brazing filler metal/alloy to be brazed, and placing the alloy/brazing filler metal/alloy to be brazed in a vacuum furnace for brazing, wherein the sample is firstly heated to 800-900 ℃ at the heating rate of 5-15 ℃/min, the temperature is kept for 5-15 min, then the sample is heated to 980-1030 ℃ at the heating rate of 10-20 ℃/min, the temperature is kept for 0--3Pa; and after the brazing is finished, cooling to room temperature along with the furnace.
The Ti2The brazing process of the special intermediate-temperature Ti-based brazing filler metal for brazing the same or different AlNb-based alloy is preferably characterized in that the vacuum degree in the brazing process is 5 × 10-3～1×10-4Pa。
The design idea of the invention is as follows: based on a ternary phase diagram, combines the action rule of alloy elements in the titanium alloy and Ti2The phase change characteristic and the innovative research and development of the AlNb-based alloy are suitable for Ti2The AlNb-based alloy and the titanium alloy solder with the same phase change characteristics fill the blank of the alloy solder, enrich the types of the titanium alloy solder and obviously improve the high-temperature performance of a soldered joint.
The invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. the invention relates to a multi-element medium-temperature Ti-based brazing filler metal, which is in Ti2The AlNb-based alloy has good wettability on the surface, has good fluidity during brazing, can fully exert the capillary adsorption function, and can fully fill brazing seam gaps with brazing filler metal, thereby obtaining a compact high-strength joint.
2. The multi-element medium-temperature Ti-based brazing filler metal is a thin strip-shaped brazing filler metal, the thickness of the brazing filler metal is about 45 mu m, the brazing gap can be further reduced, the melting point of the multi-element medium-temperature Ti-based brazing filler metal is obviously higher than that of Ag-based brazing filler metal, Al-based brazing filler metal and other Ti-based brazing filler metals, and the use temperature of the brazed material is obviously increased on the premise of not influencing the performance of a base metal, so that the high-temperature tensile strength of the multi-element medium-temperature Ti-based brazing filler metal is obviously better than that of the Ag-based brazing filler metal.
3. The multi-element medium-temperature Ti-based brazing filler metal disclosed by the invention contains a very small amount of noble metals, so that the price is low and the cost is saved.
4. The multi-element medium-temperature Ti-based brazing filler metal does not contain toxic element Be, and the preparation and use processes are safe.
Detailed Description
The following examples are only a part of the examples of the present invention, and not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by persons skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without any creative work belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
In the specific implementation, Ti is adopted2The medium-temperature Ti-based brazing filler metal specially used for brazing the same material or different material of the AlNb-based alloy is used for brazing Ti2And carrying out vacuum brazing on the same material or different materials of the AlNb-based alloy. Wherein, Ti2The AlNb-based alloy comprises the following components in atomic percentage: ti-22Al-24Nb-0.5 Mo. The other special material alloy clad brazing parent metal refers to: (1) with Ti2AlNb alloys have similar phase transformation requirements, such as: ti60 alloy, etc.; (2) other brands of intermetallic compounds, such as: ti4822 alloy and 45XD alloy, etc.
Example 1
In this example, Ti2Brazing the same material of AlNb-based alloy, based on the weight percentage, Ti2The special medium-temperature Ti-based brazing filler metal for the AlNb-based alloy comprises the following components: 8.0 to 11.0 percent of Fe, 30.0 to 35.0 percent of Cu, and less than or equal to 5 percent of one or more of Al, B, Co, Cr, Mn, Mg, Ni, Ag, Nb and Zn. Wherein the addition amount of each element is Al: 0-5%, B: 0-3%, Co: 0-5%, Mn: 0-5%, Cr: 0-5%, Mg: 0-5%, Ni: 0-5%, Ag: 0-4%, Nb: 0-5% and Zn: 0 to 4 percent; the balance of Ti and inevitable impurity elements. Among the impurity elements of the brazing filler metal, N<0.02wt.％，H<0.02wt.％，O<0.2 wt.%; the trace elements are common elements in titanium alloy, such as: one or more of Zr, Hf, V, Ta, Mo, W, Au, Si, Sn, Pd, Ga and the like, the total content being 1%; the combination of minor elements and trace elements is as follows:
(1) adding one element, Al, B, Co, Cr, Mn, Mg, Ni, Ag, Nb, Zn, Zr, Hf, V, Ta, Mo, W, Au, Si, Sn, Pd and Ga independently, wherein the addition amount is 3 percent;
(2) adding two elements, such as Al + B, Al + Nb, Al + Co, Nb + Cr or Co + B, and the like, wherein the addition amount is 3%;
(3) adding three elements, such as Al + B + Nb, Al + B + Cr, Nb + Cr + B, Al + B + Ag or Mg + B + Ag, with the addition amount of 3%;
(4) adding four elements, such as Al + B + Nb + Cr, Al + B + Nb + Co or Al + B + Mg + Zn, with the addition amount of 3%;
(5) adding five elements, such as Al + B + Nb + Cr + Co or Al + B + Mg + Nb + Zn, with the addition amount of 3%;
(6) adding six elements, such as Al + B + Nb + Cr + Mg + Ag or Al + B + Co + Cr + Mg + Ag, with the addition amount of 3%;
(7) seven elements, such as Al + B + Nb + Cr + Co + Ag + Zn and the like are added, and the addition amount is 3 percent;
(8) adding eight elements, such as Al + B + Nb + Cr + Co + Mg + Ag + Zn, with the addition amount of 3%;
(9) nine elements, such as Al + B + Nb + Cr + Co + Mg + Ag + Zn + Mn, are added, and the addition amount is 3 percent;
(10) ten elements, such as Al + B + Nb + Cr + Co + Mg + Ag + Zn + Mn + Ni, are added, and the addition amount is 3 percent;
(11) eleven elements, such as Al + B + Nb + Cr + Co + Mg + Ag + Zn + Mn + Ni + Zr, are added, and the addition amount is 3%;
(12) twelve elements, such as Al + B + Nb + Cr + Co + Mg + Ag + Zn + Mn + Ni + Zr + Hf, are added, and the addition amount is 3%;
(13) adding thirteen elements, such as Al + B + Nb + Cr + Co + Mg + Ag + Zn + Mn + Ni + Zr + Hf + V, with the addition amount of 3%;
(14) adding fourteen elements, such as Al + B + Nb + Cr + Co + Mg + Ag + Zn + Mn + Ni + Zr + Hf + V + Ta, with the addition amount of 3%;
(15) fifteen elements, such as Al + B + Nb + Cr + Co + Mg + Ag + Zn + Mn + Ni + Zr + Hf + V + Ta + Mo and the like are added, and the addition amount is 3%;
(16) adding sixteen elements, such as Al + B + Nb + Cr + Co + Mg + Ag + Zn + Mn + Ni + Zr + Hf + V + Ta + Mo + W and the like, wherein the addition amount is 3%;
(17) seventeen elements, such as Al + B + Nb + Cr + Co + Mg + Ag + Zn + Mn + Ni + Zr + Hf + V + Ta + Mo + W + Au and the like are added, wherein the addition amount is 3%;
(18) eighteen elements, such as Al + B + Nb + Cr + Co + Mg + Ag + Zn + Mn + Ni + Zr + Hf + V + Ta + Mo + W + Au + Si, are added, and the addition amount is 3%;
(19) nineteen elements, such as Al + B + Nb + Cr + Co + Mg + Ag + Zn + Mn + Ni + Zr + Hf + V + Ta + Mo + W + Au + Si + Sn, are added, and the addition amount is 3%;
(20) adding twenty elements, such as Al + B + Nb + Cr + Co + Mg + Ag + Zn + Mn + Ni + Zr + Hf + V + Ta + Mo + W + Au + Si + Sn + Pd, with the addition amount of 3%;
(21) adding twenty-one elements, namely Al + B + Nb + Cr + Co + Mg + Ag + Zn + Mn + Ni + Zr + Hf + V + Ta + Mo + W + Au + Si + Sn + Pd + Ga, wherein the addition amount is 3%.
In this example, Ti2The special intermediate-temperature Ti-based brazing filler metal for the AlNb-based alloy is prepared by the following steps and processes:
(1) weighing raw materials on an electronic balance according to a proportion, wherein the purity of the raw materials is over 99.9 wt%; because Mn element can volatilize in a large amount during smelting, the Mn element needs to be compensated during composition preparation, and the compensation rate of the Mn element is 1-2 wt% after a plurality of tests;
(2) placing the raw materials prepared according to the proportion in a high-vacuum non-consumable electric arc furnace protected by Ar atmosphere;
(3) before smelting, the furnace is firstly vacuumized to 4 × 10-4Pa, filling argon to wash the furnace for 2-4 times, and vacuumizing to 4 × 10- 4Pa, argon is filled again to 0.04 MPa;
(4) smelting, namely repeatedly smelting the sample in the water-cooled copper crucible for 8-10 times under the action of electromagnetic stirring in order to make the as-cast alloy uniform, and overturning the sample by using an inverted poking rod; wherein, the meaning of turning over the sample by the reverse poking stick is as follows: turning the button ingot which is smelted each time up and down so as to smelt the alloy evenly;
(5) the alloy after smelting is prepared Ti2A special intermediate-temperature Ti-based brazing filler metal master alloy for the AlNb-based alloy;
(6) the brazing filler metal master alloy is annealed at the temperature of 800 ℃/12h in a vacuum heat treatment furnace, so that the components of the brazing filler metal master alloy are more uniform;
(7) and crushing the brazing filler metal master alloy, and then filling the crushed brazing filler metal master alloy into a quartz glass tube of a single-roller melt-spun machine. The cross section of the quartz glass tube nozzle is rectangular, the length a of the quartz glass tube nozzle is 6-8 mm, and the width b of the quartz glass tube nozzle is 0.5-1 mm;
(8) clamping a quartz glass tube in an induction heating ring of a single-roller melt-spun machine, and adjusting the distance between a nozzle of the quartz glass tube and the surface of a copper roller to be 0.2-0.3 mm so as to ensure that liquid sprayed on the copper roller is in a flat flow state and form a stable flow state;
(9) closing the furnace door of the single-roller melt-spun machine, and vacuumizing to 1 × 10 by using a mechanical pump-1Pa, molecular pump pumping high vacuum to 2 × 10-3Pa, then filling high-purity Ar gas (the volume purity is 99.99%) into a cavity of the single-roller belt throwing machine;
(10) starting a high-frequency power supply, carrying out high-frequency induction heating on the master alloy in the quartz glass tube until the master alloy is completely and uniformly melted, keeping the melt-blowing temperature T at 1200 ℃, and keeping the temperature of the overheated melt for 1 minute;
(11) starting a motor, selecting a copper roller with the diameter of 230mm and the width of 40mm, and adjusting the rotating speed u of the copper rollers＝30m/s；
(12) Regulating Ar gas pressure to 0.2MPa, continuously spraying the overheated melt in the quartz glass tube onto the surface of a cooling copper roller rotating at high speed by using high-pressure argon gas, and quenching the liquid metal to form a foil strip shape, thereby obtaining the Ti-containing alloy Ti2The medium temperature Ti-based brazing filler metal special for the AlNb-based alloy. The thickness of the quenching brazing filler metal foil prepared by the process is 0.045 +/-0.003 mm, the surface is smooth, and the two sides are smooth.
In this example, Ti2The brazing process of the special intermediate-temperature Ti-based brazing filler metal for the AlNb-based alloy comprises the following steps: before brazing, Ti2Medium-temperature Ti-based brazing filler metal special for AlNb-based alloy and Ti2Sequentially carrying out ultrasonic cleaning on to-be-welded samples of AlNb-based alloy in acetone solution and ethanol solution for 15min respectively to remove surface impurities, taking out and drying, and carrying out Ti treatment2AlNb-based alloy/brazing filler metal/Ti2Sequentially assembling the AlNb-based alloy into a brazing clamp, and brazing in a vacuum furnace, wherein the sample is heated to 900 ℃ at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min, the temperature is kept for 10min, then the sample is heated to 1000 ℃ at the heating rate of 15 ℃/min, the temperature is kept for 1h, and the vacuum degree in the brazing process is 4 × 10-3Pa. And after the brazing is finished, cooling to room temperature along with the furnace.
Vacuum brazing of Ti by using the medium-temperature Ti-based brazing filler metal2The high-temperature performance of the AlNb-based alloy is far higher than that of Ag-based brazing filler metal, Al-based brazing filler metal and other Ti-based brazing filler metals, and the tensile strength of a welding joint reaches 100-114 MPa at 950 ℃.
For example:
the components of the welding joint are Fe 11.0%, Cu 35.0%, Al 1%, B1%, Co 1% and the balance of Ti, and the tensile strength of the welding joint reaches 108MPa at 950 ℃.
The components of the welding joint are Fe 8.0%, Cu 30.0%, Al 1%, B1%, Mn 1% and the balance of Ti, and the tensile strength of the welding joint reaches 111MPa at 950 ℃.
The components of the welding joint are Fe 9%, Cu 32.0%, Al 2%, B1% and the balance of Ti, and the tensile strength of the welding joint reaches 102MPa at 950 ℃.
The components of Fe 10.0%, Cu 33.0%, Al 1%, B1%, Ni 1% and the balance of Ti, and the tensile strength of the welding joint reaches 104MPa at 950 ℃.
The components of the high-strength steel are Fe 8.0%, Cu 34.0%, B1%, Co 2% and the balance of Ti, and the tensile strength of a welding joint reaches 108MPa at 950 ℃.
Example 2
In this example, Ti2Dissimilar brazing of AlNb-based alloy and gamma-TiAl-based alloy, wherein the dissimilar brazing comprises Ti2The special medium-temperature Ti-based brazing filler metal for the AlNb-based alloy comprises the following components: 10.0 to 15.0 percent of Fe, 25.0 to 30.0 percent of Cu, and less than or equal to 5 percent of one or more of Al, B, Co, Cr, Mn, Mg, Ni, Ag, Nb and Zn. Wherein the addition amount of each element is Al: 0-5%, B: 0-3%, Co: 0-5%, Mn: 0-5%, Cr: 0-5%, Mg: 0-5%, Ni: 0-5%, Ag: 0-4%, Nb: 0-5% and Zn: 0 to 4 percent; the balance of Ti and inevitable impurity elements. Among the impurity elements of the brazing filler metal, N<0.02wt.％，H<0.02wt.％，O<0.2 wt.%; the trace elements are common elements in titanium alloy, such as: one or more of Zr, Hf, V, Ta, Mo, W, Au, Si, Sn, Pd, Ga and the like, the total content being 0.5%; the combination of minor elements and trace elements is listed below:
(1) adding one element, Al, B, Co, Cr, Mn, Mg, Ni, Ag, Nb, Zn, Zr, Hf, V, Ta, Mo, W, Au, Si, Sn, Pd and Ga independently, wherein the addition amount is 2 percent;
(2) adding two elements, such as Al + B, Al + Nb, Al + Co, Nb + Cr or Co + B, and the like, wherein the addition amount is 2%;
(3) adding three elements, such as Al + B + Nb, Al + B + Cr, Nb + Cr + B, Al + B + Ag or Mg + B + Ag, with the addition amount of 2%;
(4) adding four elements, such as Al + B + Nb + Cr, Al + B + Nb + Co or Al + B + Mg + Zn, with the addition amount of 2%;
(5) five elements, such as Al + B + Nb + Cr + Co or Al + B + Mg + Nb + Zn are added, and the addition amount is 2 percent;
(6) adding six elements, such as Al + B + Nb + Cr + Mg + Ag or Al + B + Co + Cr + Mg + Ag, with the addition amount of 2%;
(7) seven elements, such as Al + B + Nb + Cr + Co + Ag + Zn and the like are added, and the addition amount is 2 percent;
(8) adding eight elements, such as Al + B + Nb + Cr + Co + Mg + Ag + Zn, with the addition amount of 2%;
(9) nine elements, such as Al + B + Nb + Cr + Co + Mg + Ag + Zn + Mn and the like are added, and the addition amount is 2 percent;
(10) ten elements, such as Al + B + Nb + Cr + Co + Mg + Ag + Zn + Mn + Ni, are added, and the addition amount is 2 percent;
(11) eleven elements, such as Al + B + Nb + Cr + Co + Mg + Ag + Zn + Mn + Ni + Zr, are added, and the addition amount is 2%;
(12) twelve elements, such as Al + B + Nb + Cr + Co + Mg + Ag + Zn + Mn + Ni + Zr + Hf, are added, and the addition amount is 2%;
(13) adding thirteen elements, such as Al + B + Nb + Cr + Co + Mg + Ag + Zn + Mn + Ni + Zr + Hf + V, with the addition amount of 2%;
(14) adding fourteen elements, such as Al + B + Nb + Cr + Co + Mg + Ag + Zn + Mn + Ni + Zr + Hf + V + Ta, with the addition amount of 2%;
(15) fifteen elements, such as Al + B + Nb + Cr + Co + Mg + Ag + Zn + Mn + Ni + Zr + Hf + V + Ta + Mo and the like are added, and the addition amount is 2%;
(16) adding sixteen elements, such as Al + B + Nb + Cr + Co + Mg + Ag + Zn + Mn + Ni + Zr + Hf + V + Ta + Mo + W and the like, wherein the addition amount is 2%;
(17) seventeen elements, such as Al + B + Nb + Cr + Co + Mg + Ag + Zn + Mn + Ni + Zr + Hf + V + Ta + Mo + W + Au and the like are added, wherein the addition amount is 2%;
(18) eighteen elements, such as Al + B + Nb + Cr + Co + Mg + Ag + Zn + Mn + Ni + Zr + Hf + V + Ta + Mo + W + Au + Si, are added, and the addition amount is 2%;
(19) nineteen elements, such as Al + B + Nb + Cr + Co + Mg + Ag + Zn + Mn + Ni + Zr + Hf + V + Ta + Mo + W + Au + Si + Sn, are added, and the addition amount is 2%;
(20) adding twenty elements, such as Al + B + Nb + Cr + Co + Mg + Ag + Zn + Mn + Ni + Zr + Hf + V + Ta + Mo + W + Au + Si + Sn + Pd, with the addition amount of 2%;
(21) adding twenty-one elements, namely Al + B + Nb + Cr + Co + Mg + Ag + Zn + Mn + Ni + Zr + Hf + V + Ta + Mo + W + Au + Si + Sn + Pd + Ga, wherein the addition amount is 2%.
In this example, Ti2The special intermediate-temperature Ti-based brazing filler metal for the AlNb-based alloy is prepared by the following steps and processes:
(1) weighing raw materials on an electronic balance according to a proportion, wherein the purity of the raw materials is over 99.9 wt%; because Mn element can volatilize in a large amount during smelting, the Mn element needs to be compensated during composition preparation, and the compensation rate of the Mn element is 1-2 wt% after a plurality of tests;
(2) placing the raw materials prepared according to the proportion in a high-vacuum non-consumable electric arc furnace protected by Ar atmosphere;
(3) before smelting, the furnace is firstly vacuumized to 2 × 10-4Pa, filling argon to wash the furnace for 2-4 times, and vacuumizing to 2 × 10- 4Pa, argon is filled again to 0.05 MPa;
(4) smelting, namely repeatedly smelting the sample in the water-cooled copper crucible for 8-10 times under the action of electromagnetic stirring in order to make the as-cast alloy uniform, and overturning the sample by using an inverted poking rod;
(5) the alloy after smelting is prepared Ti2A special intermediate-temperature Ti-based brazing filler metal master alloy for the AlNb-based alloy;
(6) the brazing filler metal master alloy is annealed at 750 ℃/15h in a vacuum heat treatment furnace, so that the components of the brazing filler metal master alloy are more uniform;
(7) and crushing the brazing filler metal master alloy, and then filling the crushed brazing filler metal master alloy into a quartz glass tube of a single-roller melt-spun machine. The cross section of the quartz glass tube nozzle is rectangular, the length a of the quartz glass tube nozzle is 6-8 mm, and the width b of the quartz glass tube nozzle is 0.5-1 mm;
(8) clamping a quartz glass tube in an induction heating ring of a single-roller melt-spun machine, and adjusting the distance between a nozzle of the quartz glass tube and the surface of a copper roller to be 0.2-0.3 mm so as to ensure that liquid sprayed on the copper roller is in a flat flow state and form a stable flow state;
(9) closing the furnace door of the single-roller melt-spun machine, and vacuumizing to 1.5 × 10 by using a mechanical pump-1Pa, molecular pump pumping high vacuum to 3 × 10-3Pa, then filling high-purity Ar gas (the volume purity is 99.99%) into a cavity of the single-roller belt throwing machine;
(10) starting a high-frequency power supply, carrying out high-frequency induction heating on the master alloy in the quartz glass tube until the master alloy is completely and uniformly melted, keeping the melt-blowing temperature T of 1150 ℃, and keeping the temperature of the overheated melt for 1 minute;
(11) starting a motor, selecting a copper roller with the diameter of 230mm and the width of 40mm, and adjusting the rotating speed u of the copper rollers＝25m/s；
(12) The Ar gas pressure is adjusted to 0.15MPa, the superheated melt in the quartz glass tube is continuously sprayed onto the surface of a cooling copper roller rotating at high speed by using high-pressure argon, and the liquid metal is rapidly cooled to form a foil strip shape, so that the special intermediate-temperature Ti-based brazing filler metal for the Ti2 AlNb-based alloy is obtained. The thickness of the quenching brazing filler metal foil prepared by the process is 0.045 +/-0.002 mm, the surface is smooth, and the two sides are smooth.
In this example, Ti2The brazing process of the special intermediate-temperature Ti-based brazing filler metal for the AlNb-based alloy comprises the following steps: before brazing, Ti2Medium-temperature Ti-based brazing filler metal special for AlNb-based alloy and Ti2Sequentially carrying out ultrasonic cleaning on samples to be welded of AlNb-based alloy and gamma-TiAl-based alloy in acetone solution and ethanol solution for 10min respectively to remove surface impurities, taking out and drying the samples, and carrying out ultrasonic cleaning according to Ti2The AlNb-based alloy/brazing filler metal/gamma-TiAl-based alloy is sequentially assembled in a brazing clamp and placed in a vacuum furnace for brazing, wherein a sample is heated to 850 ℃ at the heating rate of 8 ℃/min, the temperature is kept for 8min, then the sample is heated to 1020 ℃ at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min, the temperature is kept for 30min, and the vacuum degree in the brazing process is 5 × 10-3Pa. And after the brazing is finished, cooling to room temperature along with the furnace.
Vacuum brazing of Ti by using the medium-temperature Ti-based brazing filler metal2The high-temperature performance of the AlNb-based alloy and the gamma-TiAl-based alloy is far higher than that of Ag-based solder, Al-based solder and other Ti-based solder, and the tensile strength of a welding joint reaches 103 MPa-123 MPa at 950 ℃.
For example:
the components of the welding joint are Fe 10.0%, Cu 30.0%, Al 2% and the balance of Ti, and the tensile strength of the welding joint reaches 112MPa at 950 ℃.
The components of Fe 15.0%, Cu 25.0%, B2% and Ti in balance, and the tensile strength of the welding joint reaches 120MPa at 950 ℃.
The components of the welding joint are Fe 12.0%, Cu 28.0%, Al 1%, B1% and the balance of Ti, and the tensile strength of the welding joint reaches 121MPa at 950 ℃.
The components of Fe 14.0%, Cu 26.0%, B1%, Ni 1% and Ti in balance, and the tensile strength of the welded joint reaches 105MPa at 950 ℃.
The components of the welding joint are Fe 11.0%, Cu 27.0%, Al 1%, Mn 1% and the balance of Ti, and the tensile strength of the welding joint reaches 113MPa at 950 ℃.
Example 3
In this example, Ti2AlNb-based alloy and α2-Ti3Dissimilar brazing of Al-based alloy, by weight percent, Ti2The special medium-temperature Ti-based brazing filler metal for the AlNb-based alloy comprises the following components: 5.0 to 10.0 percent of Fe, 28.0 to 32.0 percent of Cu, and less than or equal to 5 percent of one or more of Al, B, Co, Cr, Mn, Mg, Ni, Ag, Nb and Zn. Wherein the addition amount of each element is Al: 0-5%, B: 0-3%, Co: 0-5%, Mn: 0-5%, Cr: 0-5%, Mg: 0-5%, Ni: 0-5%, Ag: 0-4%, Nb: 0-5% and Zn: 0 to 4 percent; the balance of Ti and inevitable impurity elements. Among the impurity elements of the brazing filler metal, N<0.02wt.％，H<0.02wt.％，O<0.2 wt.%; the trace elements are common elements in titanium alloy, such as: one or more of Zr, Hf, V, Ta, Mo, W, Au, Si, Sn, Pd, Ga and the like, the total content being 2%; the combination of minor elements and trace elements is as follows:
(1) adding one element, Al, B, Co, Cr, Mn, Mg, Ni, Ag, Nb, Zn, Zr, Hf, V, Ta, Mo, W, Au, Si, Sn, Pd and Ga independently, wherein the addition amount is 4 percent;
(2) adding two elements, such as Al + B, Al + Nb, Al + Co, Nb + Cr or Co + B, and the like, wherein the addition amount is 4%;
(3) adding three elements, such as Al + B + Nb, Al + B + Cr, Nb + Cr + B, Al + B + Ag or Mg + B + Ag, with the addition amount of 4%;
(4) adding four elements, such as Al + B + Nb + Cr, Al + B + Nb + Co or Al + B + Mg + Zn, with the addition of 4%;
(5) adding five elements, such as Al + B + Nb + Cr + Co or Al + B + Mg + Nb + Zn, with the addition amount of 4%;
(6) adding six elements, such as Al + B + Nb + Cr + Mg + Ag or Al + B + Co + Cr + Mg + Ag, with the addition amount of 4%;
(7) adding seven elements, such as Al + B + Nb + Cr + Co + Ag + Zn, with the addition of 4%;
(8) adding eight elements, such as Al + B + Nb + Cr + Co + Mg + Ag + Zn, with the addition of 4%;
(9) nine elements, such as Al + B + Nb + Cr + Co + Mg + Ag + Zn + Mn and the like are added, and the addition amount is 4 percent;
(10) ten elements, such as Al + B + Nb + Cr + Co + Mg + Ag + Zn + Mn + Ni, are added, and the addition amount is 4 percent;
(11) eleven elements, such as Al + B + Nb + Cr + Co + Mg + Ag + Zn + Mn + Ni + Zr, are added, and the addition amount is 4%;
(12) twelve elements, such as Al + B + Nb + Cr + Co + Mg + Ag + Zn + Mn + Ni + Zr + Hf, are added, and the addition amount is 4%;
(13) adding thirteen elements, such as Al + B + Nb + Cr + Co + Mg + Ag + Zn + Mn + Ni + Zr + Hf + V, with the addition amount of 4%;
(14) adding fourteen elements, such as Al + B + Nb + Cr + Co + Mg + Ag + Zn + Mn + Ni + Zr + Hf + V + Ta, with the addition amount of 4%;
(15) fifteen elements, such as Al + B + Nb + Cr + Co + Mg + Ag + Zn + Mn + Ni + Zr + Hf + V + Ta + Mo and the like are added, and the addition amount is 4%;
(16) adding sixteen elements, such as Al + B + Nb + Cr + Co + Mg + Ag + Zn + Mn + Ni + Zr + Hf + V + Ta + Mo + W and the like, wherein the addition amount is 4%;
(17) seventeen elements, such as Al + B + Nb + Cr + Co + Mg + Ag + Zn + Mn + Ni + Zr + Hf + V + Ta + Mo + W + Au and the like are added, wherein the addition amount is 4%;
(18) eighteen elements, such as Al + B + Nb + Cr + Co + Mg + Ag + Zn + Mn + Ni + Zr + Hf + V + Ta + Mo + W + Au + Si, are added, and the addition amount is 4%;
(19) nineteen elements, such as Al + B + Nb + Cr + Co + Mg + Ag + Zn + Mn + Ni + Zr + Hf + V + Ta + Mo + W + Au + Si + Sn, are added, and the addition amount is 4%;
(20) adding twenty elements, such as Al + B + Nb + Cr + Co + Mg + Ag + Zn + Mn + Ni + Zr + Hf + V + Ta + Mo + W + Au + Si + Sn + Pd, with the addition amount of 4%;
(21) adding twenty-one elements, namely Al + B + Nb + Cr + Co + Mg + Ag + Zn + Mn + Ni + Zr + Hf + V + Ta + Mo + W + Au + Si + Sn + Pd + Ga, wherein the addition amount is 4%.
In this example, Ti2The special intermediate-temperature Ti-based brazing filler metal for the AlNb-based alloy is prepared by the following steps and processes:
(1) weighing raw materials on an electronic balance according to a proportion, wherein the purity of the raw materials is over 99.9 wt%; because Mn element can volatilize in a large amount during smelting, the Mn element needs to be compensated during composition preparation, and the compensation rate of the Mn element is 1-2 wt% after a plurality of tests;
(2) placing the raw materials prepared according to the proportion in a high-vacuum non-consumable electric arc furnace protected by Ar atmosphere;
(3) before smelting, the furnace is firstly vacuumized to 6 × 10-4Pa, filling argon to wash the furnace for 2-4 times, and vacuumizing to 6 × 10- 4Pa, argon is filled again to 0.06 MPa;
(4) smelting, namely repeatedly smelting the sample in the water-cooled copper crucible for 8-10 times under the action of electromagnetic stirring in order to make the as-cast alloy uniform, and overturning the sample by using an inverted poking rod;
(5) the alloy after smelting is prepared Ti2A special intermediate-temperature Ti-based brazing filler metal master alloy for the AlNb-based alloy;
(6) the brazing filler metal master alloy is annealed at 850 ℃/10h in a vacuum heat treatment furnace, so that the components of the brazing filler metal master alloy are more uniform;
(7) and crushing the brazing filler metal master alloy, and then filling the crushed brazing filler metal master alloy into a quartz glass tube of a single-roller melt-spun machine. The cross section of the quartz glass tube nozzle is rectangular, the length a of the quartz glass tube nozzle is 6-8 mm, and the width b of the quartz glass tube nozzle is 0.5-1 mm;
(8) clamping a quartz glass tube in an induction heating ring of a single-roller melt-spun machine, and adjusting the distance between a nozzle of the quartz glass tube and the surface of a copper roller to be 0.2-0.3 mm so as to ensure that liquid sprayed on the copper roller is in a flat flow state and form a stable flow state;
(9) closing the furnace door of the single-roller melt-spun machine, and vacuumizing to 0.5 × 10 by using a mechanical pump-1Pa, molecular pump pumping high vacuum to 1.5 × 10-3Pa, then filling high-purity Ar gas (the volume purity is 99.99%) into a cavity of the single-roller belt throwing machine;
(10) starting a high-frequency power supply, carrying out high-frequency induction heating on the master alloy in the quartz glass tube until the master alloy is completely and uniformly melted, keeping the melt-blowing temperature T of 1250 ℃, and keeping the temperature of the overheated melt for 1 minute;
(11) starting a motor, selecting a copper roller with the diameter of 230mm and the width of 40mm, and adjusting the rotating speed u of the copper rollers＝35m/s；
(12) The Ar gas pressure is adjusted to 0.25MPa, the superheated melt in the quartz glass tube is continuously sprayed onto the surface of a cooling copper roller rotating at high speed by using high-pressure argon, and the liquid metal is rapidly cooled to form a foil strip shape, so that the special intermediate-temperature Ti-based brazing filler metal for the Ti2 AlNb-based alloy is obtained. The thickness of the quenching brazing filler metal foil prepared by the process is 0.045 +/-0.003 mm, the surface is smooth, and the two sides are smooth.
In this example, Ti2The brazing process of the special intermediate-temperature Ti-based brazing filler metal for the AlNb-based alloy comprises the following steps: before brazing, Ti2Medium-temperature Ti-based brazing filler metal special for AlNb-based alloy and Ti2AlNb-based alloy α2-Ti3Sequentially carrying out ultrasonic cleaning on to-be-welded Al-based alloy samples in acetone solution and ethanol solution for 20min respectively to remove surface impurities, taking out and drying the to-be-welded Al-based alloy samples, and carrying out ultrasonic cleaning according to Ti2AlNb-based alloy/braze/α2-Ti3Sequentially assembling Al-based alloy in a brazing clamp, and brazing in a vacuum furnace, wherein a sample is heated to 800 ℃ at a heating rate of 12 ℃/min, is subjected to heat preservation for 12min, is heated to 1020 ℃ at a heating rate of 20 ℃/min, is subjected to heat preservation for 90min, and the vacuum degree in the brazing process is 3 × 10-3Pa. And after the brazing is finished, cooling to room temperature along with the furnace.
Vacuum brazing of Ti by using the medium-temperature Ti-based brazing filler metal2AlNb-based alloy and α2-Ti3The high-temperature performance of the Al-based alloy is far higher than that of Ag-based solder, Al-based solder and other Ti-based solder, and the tensile strength of a welding joint reaches 100-113 MPa at 950 ℃.
For example:
the components of the welding joint are Fe 5.0%, Cu 32.0%, Co 4% and the balance of Ti, and the tensile strength of the welding joint reaches 104MPa at 950 ℃.
The tensile strength of the welding joint reaches 107MPa at 950 ℃ when the components are Fe 10.0%, Cu 28.0%, Mn 4% and the balance is Ti.
The components of the welding joint are Fe 7.0%, Cu 29.0%, Ni 4% and the balance of Ti, and the tensile strength of the welding joint reaches 110MPa at 950 ℃.
The components of the high-strength steel are Fe 9.0%, Cu 30.0%, Co 2%, Mn 2% and the balance Ti, and the tensile strength of a welding joint reaches 106MPa at 950 ℃.
The components of the high-strength steel are Fe 8.0%, Cu 32.0%, Co 2%, Mn 1%, Ni 1% and the balance of Ti, and the tensile strength of a welding joint reaches 101MPa at 950 ℃.
The example results show that compared with the existing solder, the solder prepared by the invention has the advantages of proper melting point, excellent wettability and high-temperature mechanical property, and simple preparation and soldering processes. Vacuum brazing of Ti by adopting the warm Ti-based brazing filler metal of the invention2On the premise of not losing the performance of the base metal, the high-temperature performance of the AlNb-based alloy is far higher than that of Ag-based brazing filler metal, Al-based brazing filler metal and other Ti-based brazing filler metals, and the high-temperature tensile strength of a welding joint is superior to that of the base metal alloy. Therefore, the blank of the titanium alloy medium-temperature brazing filler metal in the current stage is filled, and the problems that the high-temperature performance of a joint is poor after the existing brazing filler metal is welded, the preparation process and the brazing process of the brazing filler metal are complex and the like are solved.
The above description is only representative of the embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. For researchers in the field, all other embodiments obtained by adding other elements (such as Zr, Hf, Ta, W, V, Si, C, O, and the like), the thickness of the brazing filler metal, the size of the brazing filler metal, the surface roughness of the base metal to be welded and the brazing base metal to the main components of the brazing filler metal are correspondingly adjusted without significantly improving the welding performance belong to the protection scope of the invention. Therefore, other changes and modifications can be made according to the technical scheme and the technical idea of the invention, and the invention still falls into the protection scope covered by the invention.
The above embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Many modifications and variations will readily occur to those skilled in the art based upon the description of the embodiments herein, and it is intended that all such additional embodiments be included within the scope of the present invention without the exercise of inventive faculty. The invention has not been described in detail and is in part known to those of skill in the art.
Claims (8)
1. Ti2The special medium-temperature Ti-based brazing filler metal for brazing the same or different AlNb-based alloys is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight: 5 to 20 percent of Fe, 15 to 40 percent of Cu and a small amount of elements such as Al, B, Co, Cr and MOne or more than two of n, Mg, Ni, Ag, Nb and Zn is less than or equal to 5 percent, one or more than two of trace elements of Zr, Hf, V, Ta, Mo, W, Au, Si, Sn, Pd and Ga is less than or equal to 2 percent, and the balance of Ti element and inevitable impurity elements.
2. Ti according to claim 12The special medium-temperature Ti-based brazing filler metal for the same-material or different-material brazing of the AlNb-based alloy is characterized in that a small amount of elements and trace elements such as Al, B, Co, Cr, Mn, Mg, Ni, Ag, Nb, Zn, Zr, Hf, V, Ta, Mo, W, Au, Si, Sn, Pd and Ga are combined in one of the following modes:
(1) adding one element, Al, B, Co, Cr, Mn, Mg, Ni, Ag, Nb, Zn, Zr, Hf, V, Ta, Mo, W, Au, Si, Sn, Pd and Ga;
(2) adding two elements, Al + B, Al + Nb, Al + Co, Nb + Cr or Co + B;
(3) adding three elements, Al + B + Nb, Al + B + Cr, Nb + Cr + B, Al + B + Ag or Mg + B + Ag;
(4) adding four elements, Al + B + Nb + Cr, Al + B + Nb + Co or Al + B + Mg + Zn;
(5) adding five elements, Al + B + Nb + Cr + Co or Al + B + Mg + Nb + Zn;
(6) adding six elements, Al + B + Nb + Cr + Mg + Ag or Al + B + Co + Cr + Mg + Ag;
(7) adding seven elements, Al + B + Nb + Cr + Co + Ag + Zn;
(8) adding eight elements, Al + B + Nb + Cr + Co + Mg + Ag + Zn;
(9) adding nine elements, Al + B + Nb + Cr + Co + Mg + Ag + Zn + Mn;
(10) adding ten elements, namely Al + B + Nb + Cr + Co + Mg + Ag + Zn + Mn + Ni;
(11) eleven elements, namely Al + B + Nb + Cr + Co + Mg + Ag + Zn + Mn + Ni + Zr are added;
(12) adding twelve elements, Al + B + Nb + Cr + Co + Mg + Ag + Zn + Mn + Ni + Zr + Hf;
(13) adding thirteen elements, namely Al + B + Nb + Cr + Co + Mg + Ag + Zn + Mn + Ni + Zr + Hf + V;
(14) adding fourteen elements, namely Al + B + Nb + Cr + Co + Mg + Ag + Zn + Mn + Ni + Zr + Hf + V + Ta;
(15) adding fifteen elements, namely Al + B + Nb + Cr + Co + Mg + Ag + Zn + Mn + Ni + Zr + Hf + V + Ta + Mo;
(16) adding sixteen elements, namely Al + B + Nb + Cr + Co + Mg + Ag + Zn + Mn + Ni + Zr + Hf + V + Ta + Mo + W;
(17) adding seventeen elements, namely Al + B + Nb + Cr + Co + Mg + Ag + Zn + Mn + Ni + Zr + Hf + V + Ta + Mo + W + Au;
(18) adding eighteen elements, namely Al + B + Nb + Cr + Co + Mg + Ag + Zn + Mn + Ni + Zr + Hf + V + Ta + Mo + W + Au + Si;
(19) adding nineteen elements, namely Al + B + Nb + Cr + Co + Mg + Ag + Zn + Mn + Ni + Zr + Hf + V + Ta + Mo + W + Au + Si + Sn;
(20) adding twenty elements, namely Al + B + Nb + Cr + Co + Mg + Ag + Zn + Mn + Ni + Zr + Hf + V + Ta + Mo + W + Au + Si + Sn + Pd;
(21) adding twenty-one element, Al + B + Nb + Cr + Co + Mg + Ag + Zn + Mn + Ni + Zr + Hf + V + Ta + Mo + W + Au + Si + Sn + Pd + Ga.
3. A Ti as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 22The preparation method of the special intermediate-temperature Ti-based brazing filler metal for brazing the same or different AlNb-based alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) weighing raw materials on an electronic balance according to a proportion, wherein the purity of the raw materials is over 99.9 wt%;
(2) placing the raw materials prepared according to the proportion in a high-vacuum non-consumable electric arc furnace protected by Ar atmosphere;
(3) before smelting, the furnace is firstly vacuumized to 1 × 10-3～1×10-4Pa, filling argon to wash the furnace for 2-4 times, and vacuumizing to 1 × 10-3～1×10-4Pa, argon is filled again to be more than 0.035 MPa;
(4) smelting, namely repeatedly smelting the sample in the water-cooled copper crucible for 8-10 times under the action of electromagnetic stirring in order to make the as-cast alloy uniform, and overturning the sample by using an inverted poking rod;
(5) the alloy after smelting is prepared Ti2A special intermediate-temperature Ti-based brazing filler metal master alloy for the AlNb-based alloy;
(6) carrying out annealing treatment on the brazing filler metal master alloy in a vacuum heat treatment furnace at 700-900 ℃ for 10-15 h to make the components of the brazing filler metal master alloy more uniform;
(7) crushing the brazing filler metal master alloy, and then loading the crushed brazing filler metal master alloy into a quartz glass tube of a single-roller melt-spun machine; the cross section of the quartz glass tube nozzle is rectangular, the length a of the quartz glass tube nozzle is 6-8 mm, and the width b of the quartz glass tube nozzle is 0.5-1 mm;
(8) clamping a quartz glass tube in an induction heating ring of a single-roller melt-spun machine, and adjusting the distance between a nozzle of the quartz glass tube and the surface of a copper roller to be 0.2-0.3 mm so as to ensure that liquid sprayed on the copper roller is in a flat flow state and form a stable flow state;
(9) closing the furnace door of the single-roller melt-spun machine, and vacuumizing to 1.5 × 10 by using a mechanical pump-1Pa above, molecular pump pumping high vacuum to 3 × 10-3The pressure is above Pa, and then the cavity of the single-roller melt-spun machine is filled with high-purity Ar gas;
(10) starting a high-frequency power supply of the single-roller melt-spun machine, carrying out high-frequency induction heating on the master alloy in the quartz glass tube until the master alloy is completely and uniformly melted, and keeping the melt-blown temperature T at 1100-1250 ℃ for 30 seconds to 2 minutes;
(11) starting a motor of the single-roller melt-spun machine, selecting a copper roller with the diameter of 220-240 mm and the width of 30-50 mm, and adjusting the rotating speed u of the copper rollers＝20～35m/s；
(12) Regulating Ar gas pressure to 0.1-0.3 MPa, continuously spraying overheated melt in a quartz glass tube onto the surface of a cooling copper roller rotating at high speed by using high-pressure argon gas, and quenching liquid metal to form a foil strip shape, thereby obtaining Ti2The medium-temperature Ti-based brazing filler metal special for the same-material or different-material brazing of the AlNb-based alloy.
4. Ti according to claim 32The preparation method of the medium-temperature Ti-based brazing filler metal special for brazing the same or different AlNb-based alloys is characterized in that in the step (1), when Mn element is added into the brazing filler metal, the Mn element is volatilized in a large amount during smelting, element compensation needs to be carried out on the Mn element during composition preparation, and the compensation rate of the Mn element is 1-2 wt%.
5. Ti according to claim 32The preparation method of the special intermediate-temperature Ti-based brazing filler metal for the same-material or different-material brazing of the AlNb-based alloy is characterized in that in the step (3), preferably, argon is filled again to 0.04-0.08 MPa.
6. Ti according to claim 32The preparation method of the special medium-temperature Ti-based brazing filler metal for brazing the same or different AlNb-based alloy is characterized in that preferably, in the step (9), the medium-temperature Ti-based brazing filler metal is pumped to 1 × 10 by a mechanical pump-1～1×10-2Pa, molecular pump pumping high vacuum to 1 × 10-3～1×10-4Pa, filling argon to 0.04-0.08 MPa.
7. A Ti as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 22The brazing process of the special intermediate-temperature Ti-based brazing filler metal for brazing the same or different AlNb-based alloy is characterized in that the Ti is brazed before brazing2Sequentially carrying out ultrasonic cleaning on a special medium-temperature Ti-based brazing filler metal for brazing the same or different AlNb-based alloy and an alloy sample to be brazed in an acetone solution and an ethanol solution for 10-20 min respectively to remove surface impurities, taking out and drying, assembling the alloy/brazing filler metal/alloy to be brazed in a brazing clamp in the sequence of the alloy to be brazed/brazing filler metal/alloy to be brazed, and placing the alloy/brazing filler metal/alloy to be brazed in a vacuum furnace for brazing, wherein the sample is firstly heated to 800-900 ℃ at the heating rate of 5-15 ℃/min, the temperature is kept for 5-15 min, then the sample is heated to 980-1030 ℃ at the heating rate of 10-20 ℃/min, the temperature is kept for 0-- 3Pa; and after the brazing is finished, cooling to room temperature along with the furnace.
8. Ti according to claim 72The brazing process of the special intermediate-temperature Ti-based brazing filler metal for brazing the same or different AlNb-based alloy is characterized in that the preferred vacuum degree in the brazing process is 5 × 10-3～1×10-4Pa。
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