CN111700254A - A method for preparing semen Lini powder, and semen Lini powder, semen Lini kernel and semen Lini glue fiber prepared from the same - Google Patents
A method for preparing semen Lini powder, and semen Lini powder, semen Lini kernel and semen Lini glue fiber prepared from the same Download PDFInfo
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- CN111700254A CN111700254A CN202010608977.7A CN202010608977A CN111700254A CN 111700254 A CN111700254 A CN 111700254A CN 202010608977 A CN202010608977 A CN 202010608977A CN 111700254 A CN111700254 A CN 111700254A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L25/00—Food consisting mainly of nutmeat or seeds; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L25/30—Mashed or comminuted products, e.g. pulp, pastes, meal, powders; Products made therefrom, e.g. blocks, flakes, snacks; Liquid or semi-liquid products
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L25/00—Food consisting mainly of nutmeat or seeds; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L25/20—Food consisting mainly of nutmeat or seeds; Preparation or treatment thereof consisting of whole seeds or seed fragments
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/105—Plant extracts, their artificial duplicates or their derivatives
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/20—Reducing nutritive value; Dietetic products with reduced nutritive value
- A23L33/21—Addition of substantially indigestible substances, e.g. dietary fibres
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
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Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method of flaxseed powder and flaxseed powder, flaxseed kernel and flaxseed gum fiber prepared by the same, and relates to the technical field of agricultural product processing. The invention provides a preparation method of flaxseed powder, which comprises the following steps: dehydrating fresh flaxseeds and removing impurities to obtain pretreated flaxseeds; carrying out cold pressing and degreasing on the pretreated flaxseeds to obtain a flaxseed meal particle raw material; grinding and crushing a flaxseed meal particle raw material to obtain a flaxseed meal crushed material; screening the crushed flaxseed meal to respectively obtain flaxseed shells, flaxseed powder and flaxseed kernels. The method has the advantages of optimal and practical production process, no flax seed heating process, no generation of three wastes, energy conservation and environmental protection. The produced linseed powder does not contain organic solvent and water, does not need heating treatment, has strong oxidation resistance, is not easy to generate rancid taste after long-term storage, is safe to eat and is more durable in storage. The method for preparing lignan and flaxseed gum from the flaxseed shells has low investment and high production efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural product processing, in particular to a preparation method of flaxseed powder and the flaxseed powder prepared by the same.
Background
Flaxseed is an important oil seed, which has been used for over 5000 years. Flaxseed is also called flax, and the compendium of materia medica records the major indications: the product has effects in invigorating five internal organs, invigorating qi, strengthening muscle, strengthening brain, strengthening bones and muscles, improving eyesight and ear, resisting hunger and thirst, and prolonging life. Tonify middle-jiao and Qi, moisten five internal organs, tonify lung qi, relieve heart convulsion, benefit large and small intestines, resist cold and dampness, expel wind and dampness, wander wind, head wind and treat overstrain. The main components of the linseed are fat, protein and dietary fiber, and also comprise mineral substances, alpha-linolenic acid, lignan, linseed gum, vitamins and the like, wherein the alpha-linolenic acid has obvious effects of preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases, reducing blood cholesterol, blood sugar and the like, and is a precursor for generating EPA and DHA in vivo. Flax seeds are also an important plant source of phytoestrogen lignans, and the flax lignans are mainly present in flax seed hulls and are beneficial to preventing kidney diseases and early hormone cancers, relieving menopausal symptoms of women and the like. The linseed shell also contains a large amount of plant gum and soluble cellulose, and has good effects of reducing blood sugar, preventing diabetes, losing weight, preventing intestinal tumor and the like. In addition, the linseed protein, another major nutrient in the linseed kernels, contains almost all kinds of amino acids, and the amino acids have higher scores and have very high nutritional values. Therefore, the research on the processing of flaxseed is of great significance.
Currently, there are several patent applications disclosing flax seed processing techniques, such as the following two patents:
a method for comprehensive processing of semen Lini (patent application No. CN201210557354, published: 2015.09.09). The preparation method of the linseed powder disclosed by the patent comprises the following steps: (1) removing impurities; (2) degumming; (3) microwave heating; (4) preparing oil (controlling water content at 7-15%); and (5) squeezing the flaxseed meal to separate the hull and kernel of the flaxseed meal to obtain flaxseed powder and flaxseed hull powder respectively.
A method for preparing flaxseed gum, secoisolariciresinol diglucoside, flax dietary fiber and flax protein powder, and a method for processing flaxseed (application publication No. CN 108741078A, application publication No. 2018.11.06). The preparation method of the linseed powder comprises the following steps: (1) removing impurities; (2) performing subcritical extraction on the seed meal to obtain residual oil after cold pressing the raw materials; (3) dissolving the oil meal in hot water, and performing ultrasonic cavitation to extract flaxseed gum; (4) cold extracting secoisolariciresinol diglucoside with ethanol and water solvent based on the extracted oil meal of the flaxseed gum; (5) extracting the material after cold extraction of lignans with water to obtain linseed dietary fiber; and crushing and screening the protein material after the linseed dietary fiber is extracted to obtain the linseed protein powder.
The aforementioned patent documents represent the state of the art of linseed processing in our country, but suffer from the following drawbacks:
1. the high-temperature treatment of the flaxseed at 120-185 ℃ can cause the denaturation and oxidation of unsaturated fatty acid in the grease, and finally high-quality flaxseed oil cannot be obtained.
2. The first patent document provides a process in which the flax seed meal is no longer used more efficiently and can only be treated as feed, which increases the processing costs.
3. After the flaxseed shells are treated at high temperature, nutrients such as cellulose in the flaxseed shells are destroyed, so that the loss quality of fiber nutrients in the finally prepared product is low, and the effects of reducing blood sugar, preventing diabetes, losing weight and preventing intestinal tumors cannot be achieved.
4. In the preparation method provided in the second patent document, since flaxseed proteins, dietary fibers and flaxseed gums are easily soluble in cold water and hot water to form colloidal substances, a separation technique without adding chemicals is impossible, and the addition of chemicals lowers the safety of foods.
5. In addition, when the linseed meal is treated by using solvents such as ethanol, water and the like, the linseed glue, the protein and the cellulose are simultaneously dissolved in water to form a mixture colloid, so that the separation is difficult, the cost is increased, the process for obtaining the protein powder is overlong, ethanol residue is easy to generate, energy and solvent are wasted, and the environment is polluted.
Therefore, the present inventors have developed an extraction method that overcomes the above-mentioned drawbacks.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of flaxseed powder, which is characterized in that the flaxseed powder is degreased by cold pressing and is crushed by grinding, so that the obtained product has the most complete and pure nutrient elements, and the problems of coking, nutrient loss and product impurity caused by high-temperature or chemical extraction are avoided.
The invention also aims to provide the linseed powder prepared by the preparation method, and the prepared linseed protein powder has strong oxidation resistance, is not easy to generate rancid taste after long-term storage, is safer to eat and is more durable in storage because no organic solvent and water are involved and no heating treatment is needed.
The invention also aims to provide the linseed kernel prepared by the preparation method, and the lignan and the linseed glue are produced from the linseed shells, so that the adverse effect of the preparation of the linseed glue by using a solvent and water in the first step on the later-stage production of protein powder is avoided.
The invention also aims to provide the linseed shell prepared by the preparation method and use the linseed shell to produce linseed glue fiber, thereby avoiding the adverse effect of the preparation of linseed glue by using a solvent and water in the first step on the later-stage production of protein powder.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme.
In one aspect, the invention provides a preparation method of flaxseed meal, which comprises the following steps: dehydrating fresh flaxseeds and removing impurities to obtain pretreated flaxseeds; carrying out cold pressing and degreasing on the pretreated flaxseeds to obtain a flaxseed meal particle raw material; grinding and crushing the flaxseed meal particle raw material to obtain a flaxseed meal crushed material; screening the crushed flaxseed meal to respectively obtain flaxseed shells, flaxseed powder and flaxseed kernels.
In another aspect, the invention also provides the flaxseed powder prepared by the preparation method.
In another aspect, the invention also provides the linseed kernel prepared by the preparation method.
In another aspect, the invention also provides a flaxseed gum fiber prepared by using the flaxseed shells prepared by the preparation method.
Compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the invention has at least the following advantages or beneficial effects:
1. the preparation method of the flaxseed powder provided by the invention has the advantages of optimal production process and practical equipment, saves the flaxseed heating process, does not generate waste water, waste gas and waste residues, saves energy consumption and protects ecological environment.
2. The method for producing the linseed powder has no intervention of organic solvent and water, does not need heating treatment, and the prepared linseed kernels and flaxseeds have strong oxidation resistance, are not easy to generate rancid taste after long-term storage, are safer to eat and are more durable in storage. The method for preparing lignan and flaxseed gum from the flaxseed shells has low investment and high production efficiency.
3. The method can optimally produce the lignan and the flaxseed gum from the flaxseed husks obtained by the preparation method, and avoids the adverse effect on the later-stage protein powder production caused by the preparation of the flaxseed gum by using a solvent and water in the first step.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained from the drawings without inventive effort.
FIG. 1 shows the result of testing flaxseed meal in example 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows the results of the detection of flax seed gum fiber in example 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is the result I of the measurement of flax seed kernel in example 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is the result II of the measurement of flax seed kernel in example 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is the result II of the measurement of flax seed kernel in example 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 shows the measurement result III of the flax seed kernel in example 4 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific examples.
In one aspect, the invention provides a preparation method of flaxseed meal, which comprises the following steps: dehydrating fresh flaxseeds and removing impurities to obtain pretreated flaxseeds; carrying out cold pressing and degreasing on the pretreated flaxseeds to obtain a flaxseed meal particle raw material; grinding and crushing the flaxseed meal particle raw material to obtain a flaxseed meal crushed material; screening the crushed flaxseed meal to respectively obtain flaxseed shells, flaxseed powder and flaxseed kernels. The preparation method comprises cold pressing to defat, and grinding and crushing to obtain the product with the most complete and pure nutrients, and avoids coking, nutrition loss and impurity caused by high temperature or chemical extraction.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the moisture content of the pretreated flaxseed involved in the preparation method is 6-13%. The flaxseed with water content is convenient for subsequent oil squeezing and fat content control.
In some embodiments of the invention, the above preparation method involves cold pressing degreasing at a pressure of 35-55 mpa. The pressure range is an optimal range obtained in many times of practice, if the pressure is increased again, the press cannot bear excessive pressure, if the pressure is too low, oil cannot be produced, or oil production is insufficient, and the preparation of subsequent products is influenced.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the temperature of the cold pressing degreasing involved in the preparation method is normal temperature. The normal temperature squeezing can avoid the problems of nutrient loss and deterioration caused by high temperature treatment.
In some embodiments of the invention, the above preparation method involves a flaxseed meal pellet feed having a fat content of 10-20%. Compared with excessive oil production and no oil production, 10-20% of fat content is most beneficial to health of human body.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the grinding and crushing device involved in the preparation method is a stone mill or a rice mill, and the number of times of grinding and crushing is 4-10. And (3) grinding for 4-10 times by using a stone mill, effectively removing the flaxseed husks, and crushing the flaxseeds after husking into flaxseed kernels/powder with proper granularity.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the pore sizes of the sieving device involved in the above preparation method include 40 mesh, 60 mesh and 80 mesh. By setting three apertures, the flax seed shells and the flax seed powder can be better separated, and the flax seed powder is further divided into a little fine flax seed powder (namely flax seed protein powder) and a little coarse flax seed kernels.
In another aspect, the invention also provides the flaxseed powder prepared by the preparation method.
In another aspect, the invention also provides the linseed kernel prepared by the preparation method.
On the other hand, the invention also provides a linseed glue fiber produced by using the linseed shells prepared by the preparation method.
The features and properties of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to examples.
Example 1
The present example aims to provide a method for preparing flaxseed meal.
The preparation method of the flaxseed meal provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
1. naturally drying fresh flaxseeds in the sun for dehydration, and naturally reducing the water content to 6-13% by drying in the sun;
2. cleaning and removing impurities: removing stone, dust and small grass seeds with a special flax seed stone remover (TQXZ-50, Zhang Jia Koukangbao Rong mechanical factory), and removing all impurities such as coarse shell and shriveled grains to obtain pure flax seeds;
3. cold pressing, degreasing and extracting meal particles: cold-pressing and defatting at room temperature with SD-XY280 full-automatic oil press (manufactured by Shandong Shundao mechanical Co., Ltd.); wrapping pure flax seeds with oil-pressing filter cloth cakes, stacking the cakes layer by layer and a layer of steel plate, and filling a pressing barrel; the inner diameter of the squeezing barrel is slightly larger than the diameter of a steel plate, the diameter of the steel plate is 398mm, the thickness of the steel plate is 4mm, the weight of the squeezing barrel is 3100g, the net content of cakes is 1-2 kg, and 1.5kg is optimal; the cake thickness is preferably 3-5 cm, and the diameter is 400 mm. Then, the pressure is increased to 35 MPa pressure by a high-pressure squeezer at normal temperature, and the cold pressing is carried out at normal temperature and high pressure, so as to squeeze healthy crude linseed oil, wherein cake grains obtained after oil squeezing are raw materials for preparing linseed meal grains; the crude oil is processed by an impurity removing process to prepare the finished cold-pressed linseed oil; the fat content in the flaxseed meal particle raw material is 10-20%;
4. preparing the linseed powder: separating flaxseed hull and seed kernel by a stone mill (SM-70, Hengfeng mechanical limited company, Shandong Qufu City) or a rice mill and the like through a friction grinding method, grinding and crushing for 4-10 times to obtain flaxseed meal crushed material, lifting the flaxseed meal crushed material to a three-dimensional vibration screening filter (KLD-600-3S, Clard environmental protection equipment limited company, New county) by a vacuum lifting device, screening to obtain flaxseed hull and flaxseed powder crude products respectively, separating the flaxseed hull and the flaxseed powder crude products with the fineness of more than 40 meshes, screening the flaxseed powder crude products into flaxseed powder with different finenesses of 40 meshes, 60 meshes, 80 meshes and the like, wherein the flaxseed powder with the fineness of 80 meshes and below is called as flaxseed protein powder because of higher protein content, the flaxseed powder with the fineness of 40-60 meshes is called as flaxseed kernel, the flaxseed powder with the fineness of 60-80 meshes is called as 'flaxseed powder'.
The flaxseed husks larger than 40 mesh are called "flaxseed gum fiber" because they are rich in flaxseed gum and lignans, and the flaxseed gum fiber "is a relatively pure raw material for extracting lignans and flaxseed gum. The byproduct flaxseed hull obtained by the preparation method provided by the invention is purer than flaxseed hull obtained by a conventional method, and meanwhile, due to low-temperature pressing, the method for extracting lignan and flaxseed gum from flaxseed hull not only reduces the workload compared with the method for extracting the gum from flaxseed, but also can solve the problem that the co-dissolution treatment difficulty of flaxseed protein, water-soluble cellulose, flaxseed gum and a hydroalcoholic solvent is increased.
Example 2
The present example aims to provide a method for preparing flaxseed meal.
The preparation method of the flaxseed meal provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
1. naturally drying fresh flaxseeds in the sun for dehydration, and naturally reducing the water content to 6-13% by drying in the sun;
2. cleaning and removing impurities: removing stone, dust and small grass seeds with a special flax seed stone remover (TQXZ-50, Zhang Jia Koukangbao Rong mechanical factory), and removing all impurities such as coarse shell and shriveled grains to obtain pure flax seeds;
3. cold pressing, degreasing and extracting meal particles: cold-pressing and defatting at room temperature with SD-XY280 full-automatic oil press (manufactured by Shandong Shundao mechanical Co., Ltd.); wrapping pure linseed cakes with oil-pressing filter cloth, stacking the cakes according to a layer of the cakes and a layer of steel plates, and filling a pressing barrel, wherein the inner diameter of the pressing barrel is slightly larger than the diameter of the steel plates, the diameter of the steel plates is 398mm, the thickness of the steel plates is 4mm, the weight of the steel plates is 3100g, the net content of the cakes is 1-2 kg, 1.5kg is optimal, the thickness of the cakes is preferably 3-5 cm, and the diameter of the cakes is 400 mm. And then, the pressure is increased to 45 MPa pressure by a high-pressure squeezer at normal temperature, the linseed oil is cold-pressed at normal temperature and high pressure, healthy crude linseed oil is squeezed, and cake grains obtained after oil pressing are used as raw materials for preparing the linseed meal grains. And (5) the crude oil is subjected to an impurity removal process to prepare the finished cold-pressed linseed oil. The fat content in the flaxseed meal particle raw material is 10-20%;
4. preparing the linseed powder: separating flaxseed hull and seed kernel by a stone mill (SM-70, Hengfeng mechanical limited company, Shandong Qufu City) or a rice mill and the like through a friction grinding method, grinding and crushing for 4-10 times to obtain flaxseed meal crushed material, lifting the flaxseed meal crushed material to a three-dimensional vibration screening filter (KLD-600-3S, Clard environmental protection equipment limited company, New county) by a vacuum lifting device, screening to obtain flaxseed hull and flaxseed powder crude products respectively, separating the flaxseed hull and the flaxseed powder crude products with the fineness of more than 40 meshes, screening the flaxseed powder crude products into flaxseed powder with different finenesses of 40 meshes, 60 meshes, 80 meshes and the like, wherein the flaxseed powder with the fineness of 80 meshes and below is called as flaxseed protein powder because of higher protein content, the flaxseed powder with the fineness of 40-60 meshes is called as flaxseed kernel, the flaxseed powder with the fineness of 60-80 meshes is called as 'flaxseed powder'.
Example 3
The present example aims to provide a method for preparing flaxseed meal.
The preparation method of the flaxseed meal provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
1. naturally drying fresh flaxseeds in the sun for dehydration, and naturally reducing the water content to 6-13% by drying in the sun;
2. cleaning and removing impurities: removing stone, dust and small grass seeds with a special flax seed stone remover (TQXZ-50, Zhang Jia Koukangbao Rong mechanical factory), and removing all impurities such as coarse shell and shriveled grains to obtain pure flax seeds;
3. cold pressing, degreasing and extracting meal particles: cold-pressing and defatting at room temperature with SD-XY280 full-automatic oil press (manufactured by Shandong Shundao mechanical Co., Ltd.); wrapping pure linseed cakes with oil-pressing filter cloth, stacking the cakes according to a layer of the cakes and a layer of steel plates, and filling a pressing barrel, wherein the inner diameter of the pressing barrel is slightly larger than the diameter of the steel plates, the diameter of the steel plates is 398mm, the thickness of the steel plates is 4mm, the weight of the steel plates is 3100g, the net content of the cakes is 1-2 kg, 1.5kg is optimal, the thickness of the cakes is preferably 3-5 cm, and the diameter of the cakes is 400 mm. And then the pressure is increased to 55 MPa pressure by a high-pressure squeezer at normal temperature, the linseed oil is cold-pressed at normal temperature and high pressure, healthy crude linseed oil is squeezed, and cake grains obtained after oil pressing are used as raw materials for preparing the linseed meal grains. And (5) the crude oil is subjected to an impurity removal process to prepare the finished cold-pressed linseed oil. The fat content in the flaxseed meal particle raw material is 10-20%;
4. preparing the linseed powder: separating flaxseed hull and seed kernel by a stone mill (SM-70, Hengfeng mechanical limited company, Shandong Qufu City) or a rice mill and the like through a friction grinding method, grinding and crushing for 4-10 times to obtain flaxseed meal crushed material, lifting the flaxseed meal crushed material to a three-dimensional vibration screening filter (KLD-600-3S, Clard environmental protection equipment limited company, New county) by a vacuum lifting device, screening to obtain flaxseed hull and flaxseed powder crude products respectively, separating the flaxseed hull and the flaxseed powder crude products with the fineness of more than 40 meshes, screening the flaxseed powder crude products into flaxseed powder with different finenesses of 40 meshes, 60 meshes, 80 meshes and the like, wherein the flaxseed powder with the fineness of 80 meshes and below is called as flaxseed protein powder because of higher protein content, the flaxseed powder with the fineness of 40-60 meshes is called as flaxseed kernel, the flaxseed powder with the fineness of 60-80 meshes is called as 'flaxseed powder'.
Example 4
The present example aims to provide a method for preparing flaxseed meal.
The preparation method of the flaxseed meal provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
1. naturally drying fresh flaxseeds in the sun for dehydration, and naturally reducing the water content to 6-13% by drying in the sun;
2. cleaning and removing impurities: removing stone, dust and small grass seeds with a special flax seed stone remover (TQXZ-50, Zhang Jia Koukangbao Rong mechanical factory), and removing all impurities such as coarse shell and shriveled grains to obtain pure flax seeds;
3. cold pressing, degreasing and extracting meal particles: cold-pressing and defatting at room temperature with SD-XY280 full-automatic oil press (manufactured by Shandong Shundao mechanical Co., Ltd.); wrapping pure linseed cakes with oil-pressing filter cloth, stacking the cakes according to a layer of the cakes and a layer of steel plates, and filling a pressing barrel, wherein the inner diameter of the pressing barrel is slightly larger than the diameter of the steel plates, the diameter of the steel plates is 398mm, the thickness of the steel plates is 4mm, the weight of the steel plates is 3100g, the net content of the cakes is 1-2 kg, 1.5kg is optimal, the thickness of the cakes is preferably 3-5 cm, and the diameter of the cakes is 400 mm. And then carrying out cold pressing at normal temperature by using a high-pressure presser, adjusting the pressure of an SD-280 hydraulic full-automatic oil press (produced by Shandong Pingyi Shundao hydraulic machinery Co., Ltd.) to 35-55 MPa, carrying out high-pressure cold pressing on the stacked cakes at normal temperature, pressing healthy linseed oil crude oil, and obtaining cake grains after oil pressing, namely the raw material for preparing the linseed meal grains. And (5) the crude oil is subjected to an impurity removal process to prepare the finished cold-pressed linseed oil. The fat content in the flaxseed meal particle raw material is 10-20%;
4. preparing the linseed powder: separating flaxseed hull and seed kernel by a stone mill (SM-70, Hengfeng mechanical limited company, Shandong Qufu City) or a rice mill and the like through a friction grinding method, grinding and crushing for 4-10 times to obtain flaxseed meal crushed material, lifting the flaxseed meal crushed material to a three-dimensional vibration screening filter (KLD-600-3S, Clard environmental protection equipment limited company, New county) by a vacuum lifting device, screening to obtain flaxseed hull and flaxseed powder crude products respectively, separating the flaxseed hull and the flaxseed powder crude products with the fineness of more than 40 meshes, screening the flaxseed powder crude products into flaxseed powder with different finenesses of 40 meshes, 60 meshes, 80 meshes and the like, wherein the flaxseed powder with the fineness of 80 meshes and below is called as flaxseed protein powder because of higher protein content, the flaxseed powder with the fineness of 40-60 meshes is called as flaxseed kernel, the flaxseed powder with the fineness of 60-80 meshes is called as 'flaxseed powder'.
Example 5
The present example aims to provide a preparation method for extracting lignans from flaxseed shells.
The method is characterized in that the linseed shells obtained in any one of the embodiments 1-4 are used as a lignan extraction raw material, and comprises the following specific operations:
(1) crushing the flaxseed shells at low temperature to obtain flaxseed shell powder, wherein the granularity of the flaxseed shell powder is 120-200 meshes, and the low temperature is controlled below-100 ℃;
(2) mixing the flaxseed hull powder in the step (1) with n-hexane according to a ratio of 1:25 (g: ml), stirring at a low speed of 200-400 rpm for 3-4 h, and degreasing to obtain degreased flaxseed hull powder;
(3) adding defatted linseed shell powder into ethanol at a ratio of 1:25 (g: ml), microwave-assisted extracting for 2 times, centrifuging, and mixing the two filtrates to obtain supernatant; the microwave power is 500W, and the stirring speed is 500 r/min;
(4) adding 0.25mol/L NaOH into the supernatant, performing alkaline hydrolysis at room temperature for 1.5h, neutralizing with 6mol/L HCl until pH is 4.5, and performing rotary evaporation to remove ethanol to obtain linseed shell hydrolysate;
(5) resuspending the linseed hydrolysate, adsorbing by macroporous resin, eluting, and evaporating the solvent to obtain a purified linseed hull product; the macroporous resin is preferably AB-8 macroporous resin, the adsorption time is 12 hours at room temperature, the elution time is 12-16 hours, and the eluent is distilled water and 75% ethanol water solution.
(6) And (3) carrying out vacuum freeze drying on the linseed shell product to obtain the lignan.
The preparation method provided by the embodiment can be used for directly extracting the lignan from the flaxseed shells obtained in the embodiments 1 to 4, compared with the method for extracting the lignan from flaxseeds, the production cost is lower, the effective utilization of resources is achieved, the purity and the recovery rate of the extracted lignan can reach more than 99.0%, and a wider market prospect is provided for production enterprises.
Test example 1
The purpose of this example is to examine the content of beneficial ingredients in each product prepared by the method for preparing flaxseed meal according to the present invention.
Each product obtained by the preparation method of example 4 is sent to the L base of the food headquarters base in the Ministry street in the Ministry of Weifang City, and the detection time of the linseed protein powder is 12 and 3 in 2018, the detection unit number of the linseed protein powder is HC20181101760, and the detection results of the linseed protein powder are shown in the following table:
TABLE 1 Linseed protein powder
The linseed shell prepared by the preparation method is used for producing linseed glue fiber, the detection time of the linseed glue fiber is No. 12/3 in 2018, the detection unit number of the linseed glue fiber is HC20181101761, and the detection results of the linseed glue fiber are shown in the following table:
TABLE 2 flaxseed gum fiber
The detection time of the linseed kernel is No. 12 and 3 in 2018, the detection unit number of the linseed kernel is HC20181101762, and the main detection results of the linseed kernel are shown in the following table:
TABLE 3 semen Lini
As can be seen from tables 1 and 3, the flax seed powder (including flax seed kernel and flax seed protein powder) obtained by the preparation method of the flax seed powder provided by the invention is rich in protein and fat, and does not contain other byproducts. Research shows that the linseed powder contains a large amount of unsaturated fatty acid which is a fatty acid very beneficial to human health, in particular to alpha-linolenic acid which is a substance that can not be synthesized by human bodies and has important effect on brain cells and optic nerves. The complete or excessive removal of the oil in the linseed powder is not beneficial to the health of human beings, so that the development of the linseed powder containing polyunsaturated fatty acids beneficial to the health is necessary. As can be seen from tables 1 to 3, in the product obtained by the preparation method of the flax seed meal provided by the present invention, the defatted flax seed meal contains a certain amount of oil, 91.87% of the oil is unsaturated fatty acid, and the polyunsaturated fatty acid accounts for more than 29%. However, microwave high temperature or stir-frying high temperature treatment of flaxseed cannot be performed prior to defatting to prevent damage to alpha-linolenic acid that is not tolerant to high temperatures, as well as oxidation of other unsaturated fatty acids and oxidative coking of seed hulls. The storage period of the flaxseed powder prepared from the flaxseeds treated at high temperature is too short, so that the flaxseeds are extremely easy to generate rancid taste, and the rancid taste products are tired, refused to eat and discarded, thereby causing the later waste of nutrient resources.
The flaxseed hull after the preparation of the flaxseed powder is a superior raw material for extracting the lignan. The lignan has very obvious activities of resisting breast cancer, resisting prostate cancer, reducing blood sugar, resisting cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, resisting oxidation, resisting virus and resisting fungi, and has important development and utilization values in the fields of medicines and health care products. As can be seen from table 2, the lignan content thereof was 0.87%, and the method had a very large development and utilization potential.
The cold-pressed linseed oil squeezed at low temperature adopts a physical mode to remove saturated fatty acid so as to improve the content of alpha-linolenic acid, the content of the alpha-linolenic acid can be more than or equal to 70 percent, the high content of the alpha-linolenic acid can better embody the health-care function in the linseed oil, and the linseed oil can be processed and made into functional health-care food.
In summary, the preparation method of the flaxseed powder provided by the embodiment of the invention has the following advantages:
1. the flaxseed is fried without heating, the flaxseed hull components are not damaged by coking, and the flaxseed oil is prevented from being oxidized by heating, so that the flaxseed powder is prevented from being oxidized by coking, and the high nutritional value of subsequent products is ensured.
2. Compared with other commercially available flaxseed powder, the flaxseed powder prepared by the preparation method of the flaxseed powder provided by the invention has the advantages that the seed hulls are removed, the flaxseed powder is purer, and the flaxseed powder is safer to eat.
3. Compared with the traditional flaxseed powder product, the flaxseed powder product prepared by the preparation method of the flaxseed powder provided by the invention has the advantages of longer storage period, no clams smell and good palatability.
4. Compared with the traditional flaxseed powder product, the flaxseed powder prepared by the preparation method of the flaxseed powder provided by the invention has higher protein content.
5. Compared with the method for extracting protein from the cake by a chemical method, the preparation method of the linseed powder provided by the invention is more energy-saving, free of chemical pollution, safer in production, high in edible safety and more beneficial to human health.
6. The whole production process flow adopts a physical method, does not use a solvent to leach the flax oil, does not use a chemical method to extract the flax protein, does not have chemical solvent residue, does not generate waste water, waste gas and waste residue in the whole process, has low production cost and is more environment-friendly.
The embodiments described above are some, but not all embodiments of the invention. The detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the linseed powder is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
dehydrating fresh flaxseeds and removing impurities to obtain pretreated flaxseeds;
carrying out cold pressing and degreasing on the pretreated flaxseeds to obtain a flaxseed meal particle raw material;
grinding and crushing the flaxseed meal particle raw material to obtain a flaxseed meal crushed material;
and screening the crushed flaxseed meal to respectively obtain flaxseed shells, flaxseed powder and flaxseed kernels.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the moisture of the pre-treated flaxseed is 6-13%.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the pressure of the cold press degreasing is 35-55 mpa.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the cold press degreasing is normal temperature.
5. The process of claim 1 wherein the flaxseed meal starting material has a fat content of from 10 to 20%.
6. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the grinding and crushing device is a stone mill or a rice mill, and the grinding and crushing times are 4-10 times.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the pore size of the screened instrument comprises 40 mesh, 60 mesh, and 80 mesh.
8. A flaxseed meal prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 7.
9. A flaxseed kernel prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 7.
10. A flaxseed gum fiber prepared from the flaxseed hull prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 7.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114403410A (en) * | 2022-02-15 | 2022-04-29 | 上海东锦鲜味科学研究有限公司 | Preparation method of linseed powder |
| CN115606777A (en) * | 2022-10-31 | 2023-01-17 | 中国农业科学院油料作物研究所 | Application of linseed milk co-product in preparation of main and auxiliary foods and main and auxiliary foods containing linseed milk co-product |
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2020
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114403410A (en) * | 2022-02-15 | 2022-04-29 | 上海东锦鲜味科学研究有限公司 | Preparation method of linseed powder |
| CN114403410B (en) * | 2022-02-15 | 2024-03-19 | 上海东锦鲜味科学研究有限公司 | Preparation method of flaxseed powder |
| CN115606777A (en) * | 2022-10-31 | 2023-01-17 | 中国农业科学院油料作物研究所 | Application of linseed milk co-product in preparation of main and auxiliary foods and main and auxiliary foods containing linseed milk co-product |
| CN115606777B (en) * | 2022-10-31 | 2024-05-03 | 中国农业科学院油料作物研究所 | Application of flaxseed milk co-product in preparing main and auxiliary food and main and auxiliary food containing flaxseed milk co-product |
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